CN216435985U - Adsorption structure of large-capacity battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses an adsorption structure of a high-capacity battery, which comprises an adsorption cavity connected with the battery and a one-way pressure release valve connected with the upper end of the adsorption cavity; wherein, the one-way relief valve is connected with the upper end of the adsorption cavity through a first connecting pipe. This application can realize the safe effective adsorption treatment to the high temperature gas mixture that produces in the battery and high temperature liquid, through setting up and letting out the absorption chamber that explodes the mouth and be linked together in the battery case outside, high temperature gas mixture and high temperature liquid in the battery explode the mouth through opening and get into the absorption chamber after, absorb high temperature liquid and most combustible gas and toxic gas by filtering buffer layer and adsorbed layer, like methane, carbon monoxide etc., make its concentration greatly reduced, remaining gas does not possess the ability with the oxygen burning, at last, evacuation safety through the terminal one-way bleeder valve in absorption chamber.

Description

Adsorption structure of large-capacity battery

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to an adsorption structure of a high-capacity battery.

Background

The lithium battery has the characteristics of high voltage, large specific energy, long charge-discharge service life and the like, and is widely applied to a plurality of fields of power, energy storage and the like. Lithium batteries are batteries using lithium metal or lithium alloys as the negative electrode material and using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, which inevitably reacts with the positive electrode active material during storage or cycling and generates gas. Meanwhile, other reasons of improper use such as overcharge, overdischarge, short circuit and high temperature of the battery lead the inside of the battery to accumulate a large amount of heat, and organic electrolyte is decomposed at high temperature to generate a large amount of gas, such as: CO, CO₂、CH₄、C₂H₄、C₂H₆、C₃H₆、H₂And the internal pressure of the battery is rapidly increased, so that the battery shell is deformed and even cracked, and a large amount of high-temperature liquid and combustible gas are in contact with air, so that the battery is ignited, and potential safety hazards are brought.

Currently, the treatment method for high-temperature liquid and gas generated during thermal runaway of a battery is mainly adsorption or air bag collection. For example, patent CN 202308224U discloses a lithium battery safety absorption device, which is characterized in that a chamber is externally arranged outside a battery body and is communicated with a safety valve on the battery body, the chamber is filled with an absorption material to treat high-temperature liquid and gas in the battery body, and the safety valve is opened by internal pressure of the battery to achieve communication between the battery body and an external chamber. The absorbent material may be solid material, powder material, liquid material, colloidal material, polymeric foam. Patent CN112421177A discloses a battery box with an adsorbent layer, wherein the adsorbent layer is arranged at one end of the honeycomb-shaped box body and is used for adsorbing inflammable gas and liquid sprayed out from the battery core when thermal runaway occurs. A circulating cooling system is added into the battery to control the temperature rise of the battery and inhibit the thermal runaway of the battery, but the scheme has high equipment integration level, unobtrusive effect and high cost. Therefore, how to reduce the fire hazard when the battery is in thermal runaway is a problem that needs to be solved urgently to improve the safety of the battery.

Disclosure of Invention

This application can realize the safe effective adsorption treatment to the high temperature gas mixture that produces in the battery and high temperature liquid, through setting up and letting out the absorption chamber that explodes the mouth and be linked together in the battery case outside, high temperature gas mixture and high temperature liquid in the battery explode the mouth through opening and get into the absorption chamber after, absorb high temperature liquid and most combustible gas and toxic gas by isolation layer and adsorbed layer, like methane, carbon monoxide etc., make its concentration greatly reduced, remaining gas does not possess the ability with the oxygen burning, at last, evacuation safety through the terminal one-way bleeder valve in absorption chamber.

In order to solve the technical effect, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

the application provides an adsorption structure of a high-capacity battery, which is characterized by comprising an adsorption cavity connected with the battery and a one-way pressure release valve connected with the upper end of the adsorption cavity; wherein, the one-way relief valve is connected with the upper end of the adsorption cavity through a first connecting pipe.

Further, in the embodiments provided in the present application, a buffer chamber and a multi-layer adsorption structure disposed above the buffer chamber are disposed in the adsorption chamber; and the lower end of the buffer chamber is connected with an explosion venting port of the battery through a second connecting pipe.

Further, in the embodiments provided in this application, the multilayer adsorption structure includes the adsorbed layer, sets up the filtration buffer layer in adsorbed layer both sides, sets up the metal mesh in the filtration buffer layer outside.

Further, in embodiments provided herein, the adsorption layer includes an inorganic material and an organic material; wherein the inorganic material and the organic material are mixed, or the inorganic material and the organic material are layered. The inorganic material is one or more of activated carbon, titanium oxide, graphite, alumina, clay minerals, silicate, phosphate, zeolite, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide and porous glass. The organic material is one or more of acrylic resin, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneimine, diacetyl imide, sodium carboxylate, thiourea, sodium phenolate and biphenyldiamine. The thickness of the adsorption layer is not less than 20 mm.

Further, in the embodiments provided in the present application, the filtering buffer layer is a double-layer arrangement of glass fiber cotton and activated carbon cotton. The thickness of the filtering buffer layer is not less than 5 mm.

Further, in embodiments provided herein, the buffer chamber is flared.

Further, in the embodiments provided in the present application, an annular support portion is disposed between the buffer chamber and the multi-layer adsorption structure.

Further, in the embodiment provided by the application, the valve opening pressure of the one-way relief valve is set to be 0.7-1.0 MPa.

Compared with the prior art, the adsorption structure of this patent is equipped with the surge chamber, can slow down the release rate of high-pressure mist and high-temperature liquid, and simultaneously, surge chamber upper portion is equipped with the filtration buffer layer, it is cotton for glass fiber cotton or activated carbon to filter the buffer layer, glass fiber cotton has certain thermal-insulated effect, activated carbon cotton can absorb the high-temperature liquid of release, it can also separation solid impurity to filter the buffer layer simultaneously, delay mist's the speed of spouting, increase its contact time in the adsorbed layer, improve adsorbing material and to mist's adsorption efficiency.

The inorganic organic mixed adsorption material that this patent provided can carry out effective absorption to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane etc. in the mist that the battery released, through organic inorganic material's synergistic adsorption effect, remaining gas can not lighted by high temperature, but safe emission has reduced the risk of getting on fire when lithium cell thermal runaway.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the application.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an adsorption cavity in an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, whereby one skilled in the art can, with reference to the description, make an implementation.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present application provides an adsorption structure of a large-capacity battery, which includes an adsorption cavity 2 connected to a battery (the battery is not completely drawn, only a cover plate with a vent is drawn) 4, and a one-way pressure release valve 1 connected to an upper end of the adsorption cavity 2; wherein, the one-way pressure release valve 1 is connected with the upper end of the adsorption cavity 2 through a first connecting pipe 11.

As shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment provided by the present application, a buffer chamber 21 is provided in the adsorption chamber 2, and a multi-layer adsorption structure is provided above the buffer chamber 21; wherein, the lower end of the buffer chamber 21 is connected with the explosion vent 5 of the battery 4 through the second connecting pipe 3.

Preferably, the connecting pipe 3 of the buffer chamber 21 and the battery explosion vent 5, and the connecting pipe 11 of the one-way pressure release valve 1 and the adsorption cavity 2 are all welded or in threaded connection;

preferably, the material of the adsorption cavity 2 is stainless steel or aluminum.

Further, the multilayer adsorption structure comprises an adsorption layer 25, filter buffer layers 24 arranged on two sides of the adsorption layer 25, and a metal net 23 arranged on the outer sides of the filter buffer layers 24.

Further, the adsorption layer 25 includes an inorganic material and an organic material; wherein the inorganic material and the organic material are mixed, or the inorganic material and the organic material are layered.

In the examples provided herein, the inorganic material is one or more of activated carbon, titanium oxide, graphite, alumina, clay minerals, silicates, phosphates, zeolites, magnesium oxide, silica, porous glass.

In embodiments provided herein, the organic material is one or more of an acrylic resin, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneimine, diacetyl imide, sodium carboxylate, thiourea, sodium phenolate, diphenyldiamine.

Preferably, in the embodiment provided by the present application, the thickness of the adsorption layer 25 is not less than 20 mm, so that it can be ensured that the high-temperature mixed gas can stay in the adsorption layer for a certain time, and the adsorption layer can sufficiently adsorb combustible, toxic and harmful substances in the high-temperature mixed gas.

Further, in the embodiment provided in the present application, the filtering buffer layer 24 is a double-layer arrangement of glass fiber cotton and activated carbon cotton.

It should be noted that the existence of the filtering buffer layer 24 can block solid impurities inside the battery, adsorb high-temperature liquid, and simultaneously weaken the speed of the high-temperature mixed gas, so that the contact time of the high-temperature mixed gas in the adsorption layer can be delayed, and the gas adsorption efficiency can be further improved.

Preferably, the thickness of the filtering buffer layer 24 is not less than 5 mm, so that solid impurities inside the battery can be effectively blocked, high-temperature liquid can be adsorbed, and the speed of high-temperature mixed gas can be weakened.

Further, in the embodiment provided in the present application, the metal mesh 23 is stainless steel or aluminum that does not react with the electrolyte, as can be seen from fig. 2, the metal mesh 23 is respectively disposed at the upper portion of the buffer chamber and the top of the adsorption cavity, the metal mesh below plays a role of supporting the multi-layer adsorption structure, and the metal mesh at the upper portion is used to isolate the adsorption material and prevent it from entering the one-way relief valve.

Further, in the embodiment provided in the present application, the buffer chamber 21 is in a horn shape, and the release speed of the high-temperature mixed gas and the high-temperature liquid can be initially reduced.

Further, in the embodiment provided by the present application, an annular support portion 22 is disposed between the buffer chamber 21 and the multi-layer adsorption structure for supporting the multi-layer adsorption structure.

Furthermore, the valve opening pressure of the one-way pressure relief valve 1 is set to be 0.7-1.0 MPa, and technicians can select different valve opening pressures according to actual conditions.

Although the embodiments of the present application have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments. It can be applied in all kinds of fields suitable for the present application. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the application is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (11)

1. An adsorption structure of a large-capacity battery is characterized by comprising an adsorption cavity connected with the battery and a one-way pressure release valve connected with the upper end of the adsorption cavity; a buffer chamber and a multilayer adsorption structure arranged above the buffer chamber are arranged in the adsorption cavity;

the one-way pressure release valve is connected with the upper end of the adsorption cavity through a first connecting pipe;

the lower end of the buffer chamber is connected with the explosion venting port of the battery through a second connecting pipe.

2. An adsorption structure of a large capacity battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein said multi-layered adsorption structure comprises an adsorption layer, filter buffer layers disposed at both sides of the adsorption layer, and a metal mesh disposed at the outer side of said filter buffer layers.

3. An adsorption structure of a large capacity battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein said adsorption layer comprises an inorganic material and an organic material;

wherein the inorganic material and the organic material are layered.

4. An adsorption structure for a large-capacity battery according to claim 3, wherein said inorganic material is one of activated carbon, titanium oxide, graphite, alumina, clay mineral, silicate, phosphate, zeolite, magnesium oxide, silica, and porous glass.

5. An adsorption structure for a large capacity battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein said organic material is one of acrylic resin, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneimine, diacetyl imide, sodium carboxylate, thiourea, sodium phenolate, biphenyldiamine.

6. An adsorption structure of a large capacity battery according to claim 5, wherein said adsorption layer has a thickness of not less than 20 mm.

7. An adsorption structure of a large capacity battery as defined in claim 2, wherein said filtering buffer layer is a double layer of glass fiber cotton and activated carbon cotton.

8. An adsorption structure of a large capacity battery according to claim 7, wherein said filter buffer layer has a thickness of not less than 5 mm.

9. An adsorption structure of a large capacity battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein said buffer chamber is formed in a horn shape.

10. An adsorption structure of a large capacity battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein an annular support part is provided between said buffer chamber and said multi-layered adsorption structure.

11. An adsorption structure of a large capacity battery as defined in claim 1, wherein a valve opening pressure of said one-way relief valve is set to be 0.7 to 1.0 MPa.

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