CN217057540U - Plasma melting furnace for treating radioactive wastes - Google Patents
Plasma melting furnace for treating radioactive wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN217057540U CN217057540U CN202123075935.0U CN202123075935U CN217057540U CN 217057540 U CN217057540 U CN 217057540U CN 202123075935 U CN202123075935 U CN 202123075935U CN 217057540 U CN217057540 U CN 217057540U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the field of radioactive waste treatment and discloses a plasma melting furnace for treating radioactive waste, wherein a furnace body of the plasma melting furnace is of a cylindrical L shape, and a furnace body closing-in with the diameter smaller than that of the furnace body is arranged in the middle of the furnace body along the circumferential direction; a solid waste feeding hole communicated with the furnace body is arranged on the side surface of the upper end of the furnace body, and the solid waste feeding hole is positioned above the closing-in of the fire grate; tangential external air inlets tangential to the periphery are arranged at intervals on the periphery of the closing-up of the fire grate; the lateral surface of the lower end of the furnace body is symmetrically provided with a fluxing agent inlet which is communicated with the furnace body, and the fluxing agent inlet is positioned below the closing-in of the fire grate; a melting zone plasma torch is arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the furnace body and is positioned below the fluxing agent inlet; the bottom and the top of the furnace body are respectively provided with a fused solidified body discharge port and a combustible gas discharge port which are communicated with the furnace body. The utility model discloses realize that the abundant pyrolysis of organic matter, the abundant melting of inorganic matter and parcel radionuclide form the class glass solidification body.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to radioactive waste treatment field, concretely relates to handle radioactive waste plasma melting furnace.
Background
With the development of nuclear energy application, the yield of radioactive waste is gradually increased, and the problem of difficult treatment and disposal is increasingly highlighted. In order to meet the waste minimization principle, the optimal volume reduction and weight reduction effects can be achieved by carrying out the radioactive waste treatment in a heat treatment mode. Plasma treatment has been used in hazardous waste for civil use, but is still in the first-hand exploration in the field of radioactive waste treatment. Different from the plasma heat treatment mode of common dangerous waste, the waste with radioactive nuclide is easy to have unknown destination of the radioactive nuclide or unbalance in the system in the treatment process, so that unsafe discharge of the subpackaged mixed solid radioactive waste, radioactive waste oil and a small amount of radioactive organic liquid and fly ash and the like generated after the radioactive waste is incinerated is caused.
Meanwhile, since the facility itself becomes a radioactive source to be treated in the process of being contaminated by radioactive waste, secondary waste caused by the treatment of the radioactive waste is likely to occur in the application process.
Based on this, the utility model provides a handle radioactive waste plasma melting furnace utilizes the air current to arrange and introduces outer vortex, and the centrifugation subsides nuclide and adheres to the ash and subsides the melting naturally with inorganic component, realizes that the radionuclide contains the solidification, reaches the radioactive waste volume reduction, the stable purpose of radionuclide solidification.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a handle radioactive waste plasma melting furnace, through furnace body structural design and the interior reasonable effective distribution of the interior temperature of cloth wind design effective control plasma melting furnace in the stove to make the abundant melting of radioactive waste inorganic matter and parcel radionuclide as much as possible in order to form class glass solidification body, the abundant pyrolysis of organic matter forms combustible gas simultaneously.
Realize the utility model discloses the technical scheme of purpose:
a plasma furnace for processing radioactive waste, the plasma furnace comprising: a solid waste feeding hole, a tangential external air inlet, a grate closing-in, a fluxing agent inlet, a melting zone plasma torch, a molten solidified body discharging hole and a combustible gas discharging hole; the furnace body of the plasma melting furnace is cylindrical L-shaped, the middle part of the furnace body is provided with a fire grate closing-in along the circumferential direction, and the diameter of the fire grate closing-in is smaller than that of the furnace body; a solid waste feeding hole is formed in the side face of the upper end of the furnace body and is positioned above the closing-in of the fire grate, and the solid waste feeding hole is communicated with the furnace body; tangential external air inlets tangential to the periphery are arranged at intervals on the periphery of the closing-up of the fire grate; the lateral surface of the lower end of the furnace body is symmetrically provided with a fluxing agent inlet, the fluxing agent inlet is positioned below the fire grate closing-in, and the fluxing agent inlet is communicated with the furnace body; a melting zone plasma torch is arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the furnace body and is positioned below the fluxing agent inlet; the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a molten solidified body discharge port which is communicated with the furnace body; the top of the furnace body is provided with a combustible gas outlet which is communicated with the furnace body.
The ratio of the diameter of the fire grate closing to the diameter of the furnace body is 1: 4-1: 3, the inclined angle of a connecting inclined plane formed by the closing-in of the fire grate and the furnace body relative to the horizontal plane is 45-60 degrees, and the ratio of the closing-in height of the fire grate to the overall height of the furnace body is 1: 10-1: 8.
the plasma melting furnace also comprises a movable grate, the movable grate is arranged on the circumferential direction of the inner side wall of the furnace body at intervals, the movable grate is positioned below the closing-in of the grate, and the movable grate can move up and down along the inner side wall of the furnace body.
The flux inlet is located below the movable grate.
The plasma melting furnace further comprises a waste oil organic solvent inlet, the side face of the upper end of the furnace body is provided with the waste oil organic solvent inlet, the waste oil organic solvent inlet is located between the solid waste material feeding port and the fire grate closing-in, and the waste oil organic solvent inlet is communicated with the furnace body.
The plasma melting furnace also comprises a small plasma torch at the upper end, and the small plasma torch at the upper end is positioned between the waste oil and waste organic solvent inlet and the closing-in of the fire grate.
The bottom of the furnace body of the plasma melting furnace is an inclined plane with an inclined angle, and the discharge outlet of the melting solidified body is positioned at the lowest part of the inclined plane at the bottom of the furnace body.
The utility model has the advantages of:
1. the utility model discloses a special furnace body structural design and the design of stove interior wind distribution, the temperature subregion in the control melting furnace effectively, organic substance among the solid waste at first forms the micromolecule material through high temperature pyrolysis, fully burn afterwards, thereby make and realize the abundant pyrolysis of organic matter in single plasma melting furnace and be the micromolecule gaseous state thing, and guarantee that radionuclide deposit and the abundant melting solidification of inorganic matter ash content form the melting solidification body, make radionuclide and inorganic composition should stabilize the solidification in plasma melting furnace as far as.
2. The utility model discloses a glass fluxing agent add, the interior wind distribution design of stove that tangential outside air entry and grate binding off formed, make nuclide attach to dust flying dust class solid medium to guarantee subsiding of ash content through air current vortex control, thereby with the abundant melt mixing of fluxing agent
3. Through the utility model discloses a radioactive waste plasma melting furnace handles the back, and the mixed solid radioactive waste, radioactive waste oil and a small amount of radioactive organic liquid and the radioactive waste that subpackage produce the flying dust homoenergetic after burning and obtain fine volume reduction solidification safety processing, and the melting furnace exit is combustible gas or combustion products gas, handles through other modes and finally realizes safe emission.
4. Through the utility model discloses can obtain the excellent performance good melt of nuclide inclusion and reduce follow-up tail gas clean-up processing load and improve exhaust emission quality. The volume and quantity of the medium and low radioactive wastes are greatly reduced, and the radioactive nuclide is wrapped in the quasi-glass solidified body to be safely disposed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a plasma melting furnace for processing radioactive wastes according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-solid waste feed inlet; 2-a tangential external air inlet; 3-closing the fire grate; 4-a movable grate; 5-flux inlet; 6-melting zone plasma torch; 7-a discharge port for molten solidified material; 8-a combustible gas discharge port; 9-inlet of waste oil and waste organic solvent; 10-small upper end plasma torch.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model provides a handle radioactive waste plasma melting furnace, include: the device comprises a solid waste feeding port 1, a tangential external air inlet 2, a grate closing-in 3, a movable grate 4, a fluxing agent inlet 5, a melting zone plasma torch 6, a molten solidified body discharging port 7, a combustible gas discharging port 8, a waste oil waste organic solvent inlet 9 and a small upper end plasma torch 10.
The furnace body of the plasma melting furnace is in a cylindrical L shape, the middle part of the furnace body is provided with a fire grate closing-in 3 along the circumferential direction, and the ratio of the diameter R of the fire grate closing-in 3 to the diameter R of the furnace body is 1: 4-1: 3, the inclination angle theta of a connecting inclined plane formed by the fire grate closing-in 3 and the furnace body relative to a horizontal plane is 45-60 degrees, and the ratio of the height H of the fire grate closing-in 3 to the overall height H of the furnace body is 1: 10-1: 8.
be equipped with solid waste feed inlet 1 and waste oil in proper order under by last in the upper end side of furnace body and useless organic solvent entry 9, solid waste feed inlet 1 is located grate binding off 3 top, solid waste feed inlet 1 and furnace body through connection, and the opening of solid waste feed inlet 1 just upwards inclines, and solid waste feed inlet 1 is the feed inlet of solid radioactive waste material. The waste oil organic solvent inlet 9 is positioned between the solid waste feed inlet 1 and the fire grate closing-in 3, the waste oil organic solvent inlet 9 is communicated with the furnace body, the waste oil organic solvent inlet 9 can be in a nozzle form, and the waste oil organic solvent inlet 9 is an independent feed inlet through which radioactive liquid and waste oil substances enter the melting furnace.
The side face of the upper end of the furnace body is also provided with an upper small plasma torch 10, and the upper small plasma torch 10 is positioned between the waste oil organic solvent inlet 9 and the fire grate closing-in 3 and is used for providing a heat source for waste oil and organic solvent entering the plasma melting furnace through the waste oil organic solvent inlet 9.
Tangential external air inlets 2 are arranged at intervals on the periphery of a connecting inclined plane formed by the fire grate closing-in 3 and the furnace body, the direction of the tangential external air inlets 2 is tangent to the periphery of the connecting inclined plane, and the special design of the tangential external air inlets 2 and the fire grate closing-in 3 forms the furnace air distribution convolution and reaction of the plasma melting furnace. Air for supplementary combustion of the melting furnace enters from the tangential external air inlet 2 at the middle section of the melting furnace, enters into the melting furnace in a tangential slight downward direction tangential to the periphery of the furnace body, contacts with the pyrolysis products of the radioactive wastes and reacts, and the air flow generated by the air entering into the melting furnace drives the gas at the middle and lower part in the furnace body and forms air flow which rotates along the side wall from top to bottom. The tangential external air inlet 2 ensures that the temperature in the area does not exceed the maximum value of the boiling point of the volatile radionuclide, ensures that most nuclides are remained in the plasma melting furnace, are attached to ash dust substances, fall to a bottom melting area under the action of external air tangential external vortex and self gravity, and are mixed with glass fluxing agent to form nuclide-coated glass solidified bodies.
The movable fire grates 4 are arranged on the circumferential direction of the inner side wall of the furnace body at intervals, the movable fire grates 4 are positioned below the fire grate closing-in 3, the movable fire grates 4 are used for receiving coke-shaped substances generated by pyrolysis of radioactive wastes, and the coke-shaped substances are subjected to oxidation combustion reaction with surrounding air at the positions of the movable fire grates 4 to generate CO 2 And water vapor.
The movable grate 4 can move up and down along the inner side wall of the furnace body to provide a proper temperature position for the pyrolysis process of the radioactive wastes and the generated coke-like substances to react. Specifically, because the reaction temperatures at different positions in the furnace are different, the upper and lower positions of the movable grate 4 on the inner side wall of the furnace body can be adjusted according to the temperatures required by the pyrolysis reaction of the radioactive wastes and the reaction of the generated coke-like substances, and the reaction positions of the coke-like substances generated by the pyrolysis reaction of the radioactive wastes in the furnace can be adjusted, so that the pyrolysis reaction of the radioactive wastes and the reaction of the generated coke-like substances can be carried out at proper temperature positions.
And a fluxing agent inlet 5 is symmetrically arranged on the side surface of the lower end of the furnace body, the fluxing agent inlet 5 is positioned below the movable grate 4, and the fluxing agent inlet 5 is communicated with the furnace body. Intermittently spraying proper amount of Ca (OH) through a fluxing agent inlet 5 2 The slurry and the glass-like melting fluxing agent react and mix with the radionuclide to form eutectic.
The melting zone plasma torch 6 is arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the furnace body, and the melting zone plasma torch 6 is positioned below the fluxing agent inlet 5 and used for providing a heat source on the side surface of the bottom of the furnace body.
The bottom of the furnace body of the plasma melting furnace is an inclined plane with a certain inclination angle. The bottom of the furnace body is provided with a fused and solidified material discharge port 7, the fused and solidified material discharge port 7 is positioned at the lowest part of the inclined plane at the bottom of the furnace body, and the fused and solidified material discharge port 7 is communicated with the furnace body.
The top of the furnace body is provided with a combustible gas outlet 8, and the combustible gas outlet 8 is communicated with the furnace body. After the coke-like substances generated by pyrolysis of the radioactive wastes react, an internal vortex formed by the airflow rotates upwards along the axis, enters the upper area of the melting furnace and leaves the melting furnace through a top combustible gas outlet 8.
The mixed combustible gas which is discharged from a combustible gas discharge port 8 of a waste drying zone at the top of the plasma melting furnace enters a combustible gas supplementary combustion device. During the heat treatment process of the medium and low radioactive wastes through the plasma melting furnace, corresponding radiation shielding and protection measures are arranged at the interface.
The utility model provides a radioactive waste plasma melting furnace's theory of operation does:
the plasma melting furnace firstly ignites the melting zone plasma torch 6, and air heat transfer causes the temperature of the lower section in the plasma melting furnace to rise to reach the general pyrolysis temperature of waste. The middle and low radioactive solid wastes enter the plasma melting furnace through a solid waste feed inlet 1 on the side surface above the plasma melting furnace, the wastes are packed into a waste bag with the diameter smaller than that of an inlet of the plasma melting furnace, and the waste bag falls to a fire grate closing-in position 3 in the middle section of the melting furnace under the action of gravity to start endothermic pyrolysis reaction. Combustible gas and combustible coke substances are generated when the waste is subjected to heat absorption pyrolysis, and the combustible gas rises along with hot air flow and leaves the plasma melting furnace from a combustible gas outlet 8 above the melting furnace. The combustible coke substances and air entering from the tangential external air inlet 2 above the fire grate closing-in 3 are subjected to oxidation combustion reaction. Inorganic components and dust particles in the waste fall to a melting area at the bottom of the melting furnace below the movable grate 4 under the action of gravity. The glass combustion improver enters the bottom area of the melting furnace through a cosolvent inlet 5 on the side surface below the fire grate closing-in 3 and is mixed with inorganic ash. The melting zone plasma torch 6 directly heats the mixed substance of the inorganic ash and the glass combustion improver on the side of the melting zone, and the inorganic ash and the glass flux form a eutectic substance after absorbing energy, so that the eutectic substance has fluidity and nuclide encapsulation property. The eutectic flows along the inclined melting zone to the bottom of the melting zone and is discharged through the discharge opening 7 of the molten solidified material.
The utility model provides a radioactive waste plasma melting furnace has following function, firstly handles the mixed solid radioactive waste who subpackages, secondly handles radioactive waste oil and a small amount of radioactive organic liquid, and thirdly handles the flying dust that produces after the radioactive waste burns. The specific treatment process is as follows:
in the process of treating the subpackaged mixed solid radioactive wastes, a solid radioactive waste material bag enters the melting furnace from a solid waste material inlet 1 of the melting furnace on the side surface of the upper end of the melting furnace through the action of gravity and falls to a fire grate closing-in position 3 in the middle of the melting furnace. The solid radioactive waste firstly generates endothermic pyrolysis reaction, partial tar coke substances are generated while forming combustible gas molecules and are mixed with inorganic components in the solid waste, the external air entering through a tangential external air inlet 2 arranged above a fire grate closing-in 3 and a furnace body to be connected with an inclined plane carries out oxidation combustion reaction on a preliminary product of pyrolysis, the inorganic components fall to a melting area at the bottom of the furnace body under the action of gravity, the tar coke substances fall on a movable fire grate 4 to react with oxygen, and the formed gas substances rise to a combustible gas outlet 8 at the upper end of the melting furnace along with internal vortex airflow.
A fluxing agent inlet 5 is arranged below the grate, when the inorganic components of the radioactive wastes enter the bottom melting zone, a melting zone plasma torch 6 arranged at the side of the bottom melting zone is in direct contact with the inorganic components to transfer high temperature and energy, and the glass fluxing agent enters the bottom melting zone through the fluxing agent inlet 5 to be mixed and melted with the inorganic ash to form a eutectic substance and flows to the bottom of the glass melting zone.
Radionuclides contained in the medium and low radioactive wastes are attached to the inorganic ash and fall to the bottom of the melting furnace together with the inorganic ash, and a stable mixed vitreous body is formed with the aid of the flux, and the radionuclides are wrapped in the vitreous body. The fire grate closing-in 3 and the movable fire grate 4 in the middle of the melting furnace ensure the cooling and sedimentation of radioactive nuclides which are possibly volatilized, the temperature is reduced at the fire grate in the middle, the radioactive nuclides and a fluxing agent fall to a bottom melting area again, and the radioactive nuclides above the melting furnace are ensured to overflow less.
The fluxing agent is a solid glass additive and falls to a melting zone together with inorganic components and nuclide attached ash to be melted. The inorganic components and the fluxing agent are melted at high temperature to form a molten solidified body, the radioactive nuclides in the low-radioactivity technical waste of the nuclear power plant are wrapped, and the molten body is discharged through a discharge port 7 of the molten solidified body after being completely melted.
The bottom of the melting zone is designed with a certain inclination angle, and the glass eutectic with fluidity is discharged from a discharge opening 7 of the molten solidification material at the bottom of the melting zone through the action of gravity. An induction heating valve is arranged at the bottom of the melting zone, when the induction heating valve is heated, the melt at the melt outlet naturally flows down under the action of gravity, when the hot valve is closed, the fluidity of the melt is reduced and the melt is gradually solidified, and the melt stops flowing out.
When radioactive waste oil and a small amount of radioactive organic liquid are treated, the movable grate 4 is retracted upwards, so that the movable grate 4 is close to the side wall of the furnace body, and the melting zone plasma torch 6 is closed. Waste oil and organic waste liquid enter the plasma melting furnace through a waste oil and organic solvent inlet 9 in a nozzle form, the waste oil and the organic waste liquid are ignited by a small plasma torch 10 at the upper end of the melting furnace, the waste oil and the organic waste liquid contact and react with external air entering from a tangential external air inlet 2, and tail gas generated by the reaction leaves the melting furnace through a combustible gas outlet 8 above the furnace body.
When treating the fly ash generated by the combustion of radioactive waste, the movable fire grate 4 is retracted upwards, so that the movable fire grate 4 is close to the side wall of the furnace body, the small plasma torch 10 at the upper end of the melting furnace is closed, and the plasma torch 6 in the melting zone is opened. The fly ash is sent from a fluxing agent inlet 5 below the fire grate through packaging pretreatment, and in the melting process, fly ash bags and glass material bags are sent to the bottom of the plasma melting furnace at equal proportion and interval to carry out radioactive fly ash melting treatment.
Through the utility model discloses a radioactive waste plasma melting furnace handles the back, above three kinds of wastes material have obtained fine volume reduction solidification safety processing, and the melting furnace exit is combustible gas or combustion products gas, handles through other modes and finally realizes safe emission. Through the utility model discloses can obtain the excellent performance good melt of nuclide inclusion and reduce follow-up tail gas clean-up processing load and improve exhaust emission quality. The volume and quantity of the medium and low radioactive wastes are greatly reduced, and the radioactive nuclide is wrapped in the glass-like solidified body to be safely disposed.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. The present invention can adopt the prior art for the content which is not described in detail in the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A plasma furnace for processing radioactive waste, the plasma furnace comprising: a solid waste feeding hole (1), a tangential external air inlet (2), a grate closing-in (3), a fluxing agent inlet (5), a melting zone plasma torch (6), a melting solidified body discharging hole (7) and a combustible gas discharging hole (8); the furnace body of the plasma melting furnace is cylindrical L-shaped, the middle part of the furnace body is provided with a fire grate closing-in (3) along the circumferential direction, and the diameter of the fire grate closing-in (3) is smaller than that of the furnace body; a solid waste feeding hole (1) is formed in the side face of the upper end of the furnace body, the solid waste feeding hole (1) is located above the fire grate closing-in (3), and the solid waste feeding hole (1) is communicated with the furnace body; tangential external air inlets (2) tangential to the periphery are arranged at intervals on the periphery of the fire grate closing-in (3); a fluxing agent inlet (5) is symmetrically arranged on the side surface of the lower end of the furnace body, the fluxing agent inlet (5) is positioned below the fire grate closing-in opening (3), and the fluxing agent inlet (5) is communicated with the furnace body; a melting zone plasma torch (6) is arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the furnace body, and the melting zone plasma torch (6) is positioned below the fluxing agent inlet (5); the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a molten solidified body discharge port (7), and the molten solidified body discharge port (7) is communicated with the furnace body; the top of the furnace body is provided with a combustible gas outlet (8), and the combustible gas outlet (8) is communicated with the furnace body.
2. A plasma furnace for the treatment of radioactive waste according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of the diameter of the furnace grate opening (3) to the diameter of the furnace body is 1: 4-1: 3, the inclined angle of a connecting inclined plane formed by the fire grate closing-in (3) and the furnace body relative to the horizontal plane is 45-60 degrees, and the ratio of the height of the fire grate closing-in (3) to the overall height of the furnace body is 1: 10-1: 8.
3. the plasma melting furnace for processing the radioactive wastes according to claim 1, further comprising a movable grate (4), wherein the movable grate (4) is arranged on the circumferential direction of the inner side wall of the furnace body at intervals, the movable grate (4) is positioned below the grate closing-in opening (3), and the movable grate (4) can move up and down along the inner side wall of the furnace body.
4. A plasma furnace for the treatment of radioactive waste according to claim 3, characterized in that the flux inlet (5) is located below the movable grate (4).
5. The plasma melting furnace for processing the radioactive wastes according to claim 1, further comprising a waste oil organic solvent inlet (9), wherein the waste oil organic solvent inlet (9) is arranged on the side surface of the upper end of the furnace body, the waste oil organic solvent inlet (9) is positioned between the solid waste feeding hole (1) and the fire grate closing-in hole (3), and the waste oil organic solvent inlet (9) is communicated with the furnace body.
6. A plasma furnace for the treatment of radioactive waste according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a small upper plasma torch (10), the small upper plasma torch (10) being located between the waste oil and waste organic solvent inlet (9) and the furnace gate closing-in (3).
7. The plasma melting furnace for processing the radioactive wastes according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the plasma melting furnace is a slope with an inclined angle, and the discharge opening (7) of the molten solidified material is positioned at the lowest position of the slope of the bottom of the furnace.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123075935.0U CN217057540U (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Plasma melting furnace for treating radioactive wastes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123075935.0U CN217057540U (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Plasma melting furnace for treating radioactive wastes |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN217057540U true CN217057540U (en) | 2022-07-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202123075935.0U Active CN217057540U (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Plasma melting furnace for treating radioactive wastes |
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| CN (1) | CN217057540U (en) |
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- 2021-12-08 CN CN202123075935.0U patent/CN217057540U/en active Active
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