CN216985120U

CN216985120U - Pelvic fracture passage screw

Info

Publication number: CN216985120U
Application number: CN202123434335.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁永辉; 高俊梅; 冯丽丽; 韦兴; 唐佩福
Original assignee: Aerospace Center Hospital
Current assignee: Aerospace Center Hospital
Priority date: 2021-12-31
Filing date: 2021-12-31
Publication date: 2022-07-19
Anticipated expiration: 2031-12-31

Abstract

The present invention provides a pelvic fracture access screw, wherein the pelvic fracture access screw comprises: a set screw and an auxiliary screw; the first nail rod is fixedly connected with the first nail head to form a fixing screw; the hemispherical cavity in the first nail head is communicated with the cylindrical cavity in the first nail rod; a conical screw hole is formed in the side wall of the first nail head or the joint of the first nail head and the first nail rod, the axis of the conical screw hole and the axis of the first nail rod form an included angle of a preset angle, and the conical screw hole is communicated with the hemispherical cavity and the cylindrical cavity; the second nail head and the second nail rod are integrally formed to form an auxiliary screw; the second nail head is provided with a universal groove and an external thread matched with the conical screw hole; through universal groove, supplementary screw can be in predetermineeing the angle within range swing in the taper screw hole. The utility model solves the problem that the fixation by using the traditional hollow screw is easy to lose efficacy when the pelvis is fractured in the prior art, thereby enhancing the holding force of the pelvis fracture channel screw.

Description

Pelvic fracture passage screw

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of orthopedic medical instruments, in particular to a pelvic fracture passage screw.

Background

The treatment of pelvic fractures has undergone three stages, conservative treatment before the 70's of the 20 th century, surgical treatment beginning in the 80's of the 20 th century, and current minimally invasive treatment. At present, minimally invasive treatment of pelvic fracture gradually becomes a first choice method and a common means of the fracture, and a minimally invasive fixing technology is an indispensable important link in minimally invasive treatment, wherein a channel screw technology (percutaneous screw placement) becomes an ideal minimally invasive fixing technology due to the advantages of small surgical trauma, reliable fixing, wide application and the like. Common access screws include anterior column screws, symphysis pubis screws, sacroiliac joint screws, LC-II screws, and the like.

LC-II type pelvic fractures are the type of pelvic fractures that are common in clinic, and particularly, the elderly fragile LC-II type fractures are troublesome. The traditional incision reduction steel plate internal fixation operation has large wound and many complications. With the development of medical science, the treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures by minimally invasive techniques is becoming popular and common treatment. The minimally invasive concept promotes the closed reduction percutaneous screw internal fixation of the posterior ring crescent fracture block of the LC-II type pelvic fracture, and a 7.3MM hollow screw is commonly used clinically to internally fix the LC-II type pelvic fracture through an LC-II channel, and the screw is usually implanted from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the posterior superior iliac spine, so that the minimally invasive percutaneous screw has the advantages of minimally invasive property, firm fixation, good postoperative recovery and the like. However, the traditional 7.3MM hollow screw is very easy to fail under the action of the rotating force of the pelvis, and particularly, the holding force of a fragile fracture patient is weaker, so that the development of a minimally invasive surgery is limited.

Aiming at the problem that the pelvis is easy to fail when the pelvis is fractured by using the traditional 7.3MM hollow screw in the prior art, no effective solution is provided.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of this, the present embodiment provides a pelvic fracture access screw to solve the problem in the prior art that when a pelvic fracture occurs, fixing the pelvis by using a conventional 7.3MM hollow screw is prone to failure.

For this reason, the present embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

the utility model provides a pelvic fracture channel screw, comprising: a set screw and an auxiliary screw;

the fixing screw comprises a first nail head and a first nail rod, and the first nail rod is fixedly connected with the first nail head; a hemispherical cavity is arranged inside the first nail head, and a cylindrical cavity penetrating through the first nail rod is arranged inside the first nail rod along the length direction of the first nail rod; the hemispherical cavity is communicated with the cylindrical cavity; a conical screw hole is formed in the side wall of the first nail head or the joint of the first nail head and the first nail rod, the axis of the conical screw hole and the axis of the first nail rod form an included angle of a preset angle, and the conical screw hole is communicated with the hemispherical cavity and the cylindrical cavity;

the auxiliary screw comprises a second nail head and a second nail rod, and the second nail head and the second nail rod are integrally formed; the second nail head is provided with a universal groove, and the second nail head is provided with an external thread matched with the conical screw hole; the universal groove is one or more longitudinal grooves arranged on the second nail head along the length direction of the second nail head; the auxiliary screw is staggered with the thread in the conical screw hole through the universal groove, and the auxiliary screw can swing within a preset angle range in the conical screw hole.

Optionally, the first nail rod is provided with first threads with various screw pitches, and the second nail rod is provided with second threads with various screw pitches.

Optionally, the pitch of the middle screw thread of the first nail rod is greater than the pitch of the screw threads at two ends; the thread pitch of the middle threads of the second nail rod is larger than the thread pitches of the two ends of the second nail rod.

Optionally, one end of the first nail rod, which is far away from the first nail head, is provided with a plurality of injection holes.

Optionally, one end of the first nail head far away from the first nail rod is provided with a plurality of grooves.

Optionally, a plurality of limiting holes are formed in the side wall of the first nail head, a protective shell is arranged on the outer side of the first nail head, and the protective shell is hemispherical and matched with the first nail head; the protective shell is sleeved outside the first nail head, and the protrusion is clamped into the limiting hole.

Optionally, the first head is hemispherical.

The technical scheme of the utility model has the following advantages:

the utility model provides a pelvis fracture channel screw, which solves the problem that in the prior art, when pelvis fracture occurs, the pelvis is easily fixed by using a traditional 7.3MM hollow screw to lose efficacy. The pelvis fracture channel screw provided by the utility model has good biomechanical fixation for resisting torsion and tension of LC-II type pelvis fracture, and has good effect on fixation of patients with osteoporosis after fracture. In addition, the fixing performance of the fixing screw is effectively improved by adding the auxiliary screw.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pelvic fracture tunnel screw according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a set screw according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an auxiliary screw according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of a state in which an auxiliary screw swings according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a connection relationship of the auxiliary screw with the fixing screw after swing according to the present invention.

In the figure, the position of the first and second end faces,

1. a set screw; 2. an auxiliary screw; 3. a first head; 4. a first nail shank; 5. a hemispherical cavity; 6. a cylindrical cavity; 7. a conical screw hole; 8. an external thread; 9. a second nail shank; 10. a second head; 11. a first thread; 12. an injection hole; 13. a groove; 14. a limiting hole; 15. a second thread; 16. a universal slot.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present disclosure, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the utility model. In the following description, details are set forth for the purpose of explanation. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not shown in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the utility model with unnecessary detail. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

In this embodiment, a pelvic fracture access screw is provided, which can be used for pelvic fractures, such as ischial branch fractures and iliac fractures with relatively thick and dense bone outside the sacroiliac joint, and fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pelvic fracture access screw according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the pelvic fracture access screw comprising: a set screw 1 and an auxiliary screw 2. Specifically, after the fixing screw 1 is placed at the pelvic fracture site, the auxiliary screw 2 is inserted into the pelvis through the fixing screw 1, so that the fixing effect on the pelvic fracture site is enhanced.

As shown in fig. 2, the fixing screw 1 includes a first head 3 and a first shank 4, and the first shank 4 is fixedly connected to the first head 3. Specifically, the first nail head 3 and the first nail shank 4 are integrally formed, and the set screw 1 is made of a material having high hardness and being less prone to rust, for example, a stainless steel material, a titanium alloy material, and a nickel-cobalt alloy material. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the connection of the first head 3 and the first shaft 4 is not intended to limit the present invention, and that other connections, such as a threaded connection, are within the scope of the present invention.

A hemispherical cavity 5 is arranged inside the first nail head 3, and a cylindrical cavity 6 which penetrates through the first nail rod 4 is arranged inside the first nail rod 4 along the length direction of the first nail rod 4; the hemispherical cavity 5 and the cylindrical cavity 6 are communicated. Specifically, the kirschner wire can be passed through the fixing screw 1 by providing the first head 3 and the first shank 4 as a cavity. When a patient needs to put the pelvic fracture passage screw, a kirschner wire is firstly put in, then the fixing screw 1 penetrates through the kirschner wire, and then the fixing screw 1 is put in the position of the kirschner wire. In addition, the fracture access screw may not be guided by a k-wire. Meanwhile, a cavity is arranged at the first nail head 3, so that the operation of the auxiliary screw 2 is facilitated.

A conical screw hole 7 is formed in the side wall of the first nail head 3 or the joint of the first nail head 3 and the first nail rod 4, the axis of the conical screw hole 7 and the axis of the first nail rod 4 form an included angle of a preset angle, and the conical screw hole 7 is communicated with the hemispherical cavity 5 and the cylindrical cavity 6; specifically, by providing a tapered screw hole 7 at the first nail head 3 or the joint of the first nail head 3 and the first nail rod 4, the auxiliary screw 2 can enter the fixing screw 1 from the spherical cavity 5, and extend to the outside of the fixing screw 1 after passing through the tapered screw hole 7. In addition, the predetermined angle may be set according to clinical experience of medical staff, for example, the axis of the conical screw hole 7 is at an angle of 15 ° with the axis of the first nail shaft 4.

As shown in fig. 3, the auxiliary screw 2 comprises a second nail head 10 and a second nail rod 9, and the second nail head 10 and the second nail rod 9 are integrally formed; the second nail head is provided with a universal groove 16, and the second nail head 10 is provided with an external thread 8 matched with the conical screw hole 7; the universal slot 16 is one or more longitudinal slots disposed on the second stud 10 along the length of the second stud 10; the auxiliary screw 2 is staggered with the thread in the conical screw hole 7 through the universal slot 16, and the auxiliary screw 2 can swing within a preset angle range in the conical screw hole 7, as shown in fig. 4. Specifically, when the pelvic fracture is treated by the fixing screw 1, the auxiliary screw 2 passes through the spherical cavity 5, the second screw rod 9 passes through the conical screw hole 7, the second screw rod 9 is placed in the bone of the patient, the second nail head 10 is in threaded connection with the conical screw hole 7, and the threads of the conical screw hole 7 are staggered through the action of the universal groove 16 on the second nail head 10, so that the auxiliary screw 2 can swing within a preset angle range. When the universal slot 16 is a longitudinal slot, the width of the longitudinal slot is large, so that the end of the second nail head 10 far away from the second nail rod 9 can be staggered with the thread of the conical screw hole 7, and further the axis of the auxiliary screw 2 is not coincident with the axis of the conical screw hole 7; when the universal slot 16 is a plurality of longitudinal slots, one end of the second nail head 10 far away from the second nail rod 9 is distributed in a cord shape, so that the thread of the conical screw hole 7 can be staggered at one end of the second nail head 10 far away from the second nail rod 9, and therefore when the second nail head 10 is obliquely screwed into the conical screw hole 7, the thread of the conical screw hole 7 is staggered through the cord, and the auxiliary screw 2 is not overlapped with the axis of the conical screw hole 7. For example, the axis of the conical screw hole 7 is 15 ° with the axis of the first screw rod 10, but the axis of the hole drilled in advance in the bone of the patient is not coincident with the axis of the conical screw hole 7, so when the auxiliary screw 2 is placed in the hole drilled in the bone, the auxiliary screw 2 can swing by 3 ° to 5 ° to pass through the conical screw hole 7, the axis of the second screw head 10 is 18 ° to 20 ° with the axis of the first screw rod 4 through the action of the universal groove 16, and is locked with the fixing screw 1, that is, when swinging, the auxiliary screw 2 is inclined by a certain angle in the conical screw hole 7 through the universal groove 16 (at this time, the auxiliary screw 2 can be inclined in the conical screw hole due to the conical structure of the conical screw hole 7), and the thread plays a clamping role, as shown in fig. 5.

The pelvis fracture passage screw in the prior art is a single fixing screw, and a 7.3MM hollow screw is commonly used for fixing the pelvis fracture clinically. In the embodiment, a pelvic fracture channel screw is designed, which is different from the prior art, and the auxiliary screw 2 is added on the basis of the fixation of the fixing screw 1, so that the holding force of the fixing screw 1 can be enhanced. The embodiment solves the problem that the pelvis is easy to lose efficacy by using the traditional 7.3MM hollow screw to fix the pelvis when the pelvis is fractured in the prior art, and further can play a good fixing role on the pelvis fracture, and the auxiliary screw 2 not only can be locked with the fixing screw 1, but also can swing within a preset angle range, so that the flexibility is enhanced.

To illustrate the first and

second threads

11 and 15, in alternative embodiments, the first shank 4 is provided with a first thread 11 having a plurality of pitches and the second shank 9 is provided with a second thread 15 having a plurality of pitches. Specifically, the first screw thread 11 may be composed of a coarse thread and a fine thread, and the second screw thread 15 may be composed of a coarse thread and a fine thread. The coarse thread has high strength and good fixing performance; the fine thread has good sealing performance, and the anti-loosening performance of the fine thread is better than that of a coarse thread on the premise of not taking anti-loosening measures, but the strength of the fine thread is low. Therefore, the first screw rod 4 is provided with the coarse thread and the fine thread, the second screw rod 9 is provided with the coarse thread and the fine thread, the ends far away from the first nail head 3 and the second nail head 10 are both fine threads, and the ends close to the first nail head 3 and the second nail head 10 are both fine threads, so that the holding force of the fixing screw 1 and the auxiliary screw 2 can be effectively enhanced. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the type of first thread 11 and second thread 15 is not intended to limit the present invention and that other types of threads are within the scope of the present invention.

To further illustrate the first and

second threads

11, 15, in alternative embodiments the pitch of the middle thread of the first shank 4 is greater than the pitch of the threads at both ends; the thread pitch of the middle thread of the second nail rod 9 is larger than that of the threads at the two ends. Specifically, by setting the first and

second threads

11 and 15 to be two kinds of threads different in pitch, which are alternately arranged, and the pitches of the middle threads of the first and second nail bars 4 and 9 are each larger than those of the both end threads, the fixability of the threads and the holding force are improved so as to fix the pelvis of the patient.

In some alternative embodiments, the end of the first nail shaft 4 remote from the first nail head 3 is provided with a plurality of injection holes 12. Specifically, after the first nail rod 4 is placed at the pelvic fracture, bone cement can be injected into the cylindrical cavity 6 from the tail of the first nail rod 4, and can enter the pelvic fracture through the injection hole 12, so that the pelvic fracture can be recovered. Meanwhile, since the elderly generally suffer from osteoporosis, the degree of bone damage is severe when bone fracture occurs. Through putting into bone cement in set screw 1, can promote set screw 1's mechanical strength, be favorable to the postoperative rehabilitation of fracture.

In alternative embodiments, the end of the first head 3 remote from the first shank 4 is provided with a plurality of recesses 13. In particular, a secure connection with an external device can be achieved via the recess 13, for example, a screw-rotating device, which is provided with a mechanism matching the recess 13 at the end that contacts the first stud 3, and which is snapped into the recess 13 and then rotated to place the fixation screw 1 in the pelvic fracture.

In some optional embodiments, the side wall of the first nail head 3 is provided with a plurality of limiting holes 14, and the outer side of the first nail head 3 is provided with a protective shell, wherein the protective shell is in a hemispherical shape matched with the first nail head 3; the inner wall of the protective shell is provided with a bulge matched with the limiting hole 14, the protective shell is sleeved outside the first nail head 3, and the bulge is clamped into the limiting hole 14. Specifically, after the fracture channel screw is placed, the protective shell can be inserted into the first nail head 3, so that human tissues are prevented from entering the hemispherical cavity 5 and the cylindrical cavity 6, and the subsequent nail taking is prevented. In addition, when the nail is taken out, the protective shell can be pulled out forcibly, so that the protrusions on the protective shell slide out of the limiting holes 14, the protective shell is taken down, and then the auxiliary screws 2 and the fixing screws 1 are taken out; alternatively, the protective case is made of a sheet-type material and is easily broken and taken out.

To illustrate the first stud 3, in some alternative embodiments the first stud 3 is hemispherical. Specifically, the first nail head 3 is hemispherical and has a smooth surface, and when the fixing screw 1 is placed at a pelvic fracture, the bone is not damaged.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A pelvic fracture access screw, comprising: a fixing screw (1) and an auxiliary screw (2);

the fixing screw (1) comprises a first nail head (3) and a first nail rod (4), and the first nail rod (4) is fixedly connected with the first nail head (3); a hemispherical cavity (5) is formed in the first nail head (3), and a cylindrical cavity (6) penetrating through the first nail rod (4) is formed in the first nail rod (4) along the length direction of the first nail rod (4); the hemispherical cavity (5) is communicated with the cylindrical cavity (6); a conical screw hole (7) is formed in the side wall of the first nail head (3) or the joint of the first nail head (3) and the first nail rod (4), the axis of the conical screw hole (7) and the axis of the first nail rod (4) form an included angle of a preset angle, and the conical screw hole (7) is communicated with the hemispherical cavity (5) and the cylindrical cavity (6);

the auxiliary screw (2) comprises a second nail head (10) and a second nail rod (9), and the second nail head (10) and the second nail rod (9) are integrally formed; the second nail head is provided with a universal groove (16), and the second nail head (10) is provided with an external thread (8) matched with the conical screw hole (7); the universal groove (16) is one or more longitudinal grooves arranged on the second nail head (10) along the length direction of the second nail head (10); the auxiliary screw (2) is staggered with the thread in the conical screw hole (7) through the universal groove (16), and the auxiliary screw (2) can swing within a preset angle range in the conical screw hole (7).

2. The pelvic fracture channel screw according to claim 1, wherein the first shank (4) is provided with a first thread (11) of various pitches and the second shank (9) is provided with a second thread (15) of various pitches.

3. The pelvic fracture channel screw according to claim 2, wherein the first shank (4) has a central thread pitch that is greater than the thread pitches of the two ends; the screw pitch of the middle screw thread of the second screw rod (9) is larger than the screw pitches of the screw threads at the two ends.

4. The pelvic fracture channel screw according to claim 1, wherein the end of the first shank (4) remote from the first head (3) is provided with a plurality of injection holes (12).

5. The pelvic fracture channel screw according to claim 1, wherein the end of the first head (3) remote from the first shank (4) is provided with a plurality of recesses (13).

6. The pelvic fracture channel screw according to claim 1, wherein the first head (3) is provided with a plurality of limiting holes (14) on the side wall, and a protective shell is arranged on the outer side of the first head (3), and the protective shell is in a hemispherical shape matched with the first head (3); the inner wall of the protective shell is provided with a bulge matched with the limit hole (14), the protective shell is sleeved outside the first nail head (3), and the bulge is clamped into the limit hole (14).

7. The pelvic fracture channel screw according to claim 1, wherein the first head (3) is hemispherical.