CN216793154U

CN216793154U - Turning error demonstration teaching aid

Info

Publication number: CN216793154U
Application number: CN202220237981.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 戴卓豪; 余洵宇; 陈煜�; 赵萍
Original assignee: Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
Current assignee: Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
Priority date: 2022-01-28
Filing date: 2022-01-28
Publication date: 2022-06-21
Anticipated expiration: 2032-01-28

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of mechanical teaching, and particularly relates to a turning error demonstration teaching aid which comprises a lathe bed, a three-dimensional turntable assembly, a guide rail posture adjustment assembly and a tool rest assembly, wherein the three-dimensional turntable assembly comprises two longitudinal shaft rotating supports, a lathe spindle box and a first driving mechanism, the lathe spindle box comprises a chuck and a driving part, the guide rail assembly comprises a transverse guide rail, a transverse sliding seat and a second driving mechanism, one end of the transverse guide rail is rotatably connected with the lathe bed, the guide rail posture adjustment assembly is arranged on the lathe bed, the other end of the transverse guide rail is supported on the guide rail posture adjustment assembly, the guide rail posture adjustment assembly is used for adjusting the inclination of the transverse guide rail, and the tool rest assembly is arranged on the guide rail assembly and used for clamping a tool. The utility model has simple structure and convenient operation, and the device can visually display the forming mechanism of the geometric error, the cutter manufacturing error and the thermal deformation error of the machine tool to students and improve the teaching quality.

Description

Turning error demonstration teaching aid

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the field of mechanical teaching, and particularly relates to a turning error demonstration teaching aid.

Background

The conventional engine lathe is mainly used for machining a rotating surface and pursues as high machining accuracy as possible. Factors influencing the machining precision comprise machine tool manufacturing errors, machine tool thermal deformation, cutter manufacturing errors and the like, the machining errors can influence the product quality in the machining process, and students need to fully know and understand the machining errors in the teaching process.

Since the accuracy is required for the lathe manufacturing, the machine tool itself does not have a function of simulating the error formation, and the teacher can simulate the error formation as much as possible only by adjusting the machine tool. But has the following disadvantages: 1. the teaching is tense in class, and the teaching is difficult to support repeated adjustment; 2. the volume of lathe is too big, is difficult to be taken to the classroom and gives lessons, can't reach the purpose of audio-visual teaching, consequently needs a turning error demonstration teaching aid urgently to when the teacher teaches course such as lathe machining error, lathe heat altered shape error in the teaching, improve student's perceptual understanding, make the student can observe the formation process of error, thereby deepen the understanding that the error formed.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a turning error demonstration teaching aid which has the functions of simulating the geometric error, the cutter manufacturing error and the thermal deformation error of a machine tool, is small in size and can be moved to a teacher platform to serve as a demonstration teaching aid.

A turning error demonstration teaching aid, includes:

a bed body;

the three-dimensional rotary table assembly is arranged on the lathe body and comprises two longitudinal shaft rotating supports, a lathe spindle box rotatably arranged between the two longitudinal shaft rotating supports and a first driving mechanism used for driving the lathe spindle box to rotate, and the lathe spindle box comprises a chuck used for clamping a workpiece and a driving part used for driving the chuck to rotate;

the guide rail assembly is arranged on the lathe bed and is opposite to the three-dimensional turntable assembly, the guide rail assembly comprises a transverse guide rail which is transversely arranged, a transverse sliding seat which is transversely connected with the transverse guide rail in a sliding manner and a second driving mechanism which is used for driving the transverse sliding seat to move, and one end of the transverse guide rail is rotatably connected with the lathe bed;

the guide rail posture adjusting assembly is arranged on the bed body, the other end of the transverse guide rail is supported on the guide rail posture adjusting assembly, and the guide rail posture adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the inclination of the transverse guide rail; and

and the tool rest assembly is arranged on the guide rail assembly and is used for clamping the cutter.

Further, the three-dimensional turntable assembly further comprises a rotating base, and the two longitudinal axis rotating supports are arranged on the rotating base.

Further, the lathe spindle box further comprises a spindle and two lathe spindle shaft brackets, the two lathe spindle shaft brackets are respectively connected with the two longitudinal shaft rotating supports in a rotating mode, the first driving mechanism is used for driving the lathe spindle shaft brackets to rotate, the spindle is fixedly connected between the two lathe spindle shaft brackets, the driving part is arranged on the spindle, and the chuck is arranged on the driving part.

Further, the guide rail assembly further comprises a longitudinal guide rail arranged on the transverse sliding base along the longitudinal direction, and the tool rest assembly is longitudinally and slidably connected with the longitudinal guide rail.

Further, the carriage assembly is locked with the longitudinal rail or the lateral slide by a fastener.

Further, the transverse guide rail is provided with a level along the length direction thereof.

Further, the adjusting range of the guide rail posture adjusting assembly to the inclination angle of the transverse guide rail is 0-15 degrees.

Further, the guide rail posture adjusting assembly comprises a cam for supporting the guide rail assembly and an adjusting handle in transmission fit with the cam.

Further, the guide rail posture adjusting assembly further comprises a cam shaft, a handle shaft and a transmission mechanism, the cam shaft and the handle shaft are rotatably installed on the lathe bed and are in transmission fit through the transmission mechanism, cams are respectively arranged at two ends of the cam shaft, and an adjusting handle is arranged at one end of the handle shaft.

Further, the knife rest subassembly includes the knife rest base, locates on the knife rest base and can wind its axial gyration's knife rest, the knife rest is equipped with the position of cutting a knife for the clamping cutter, the knife rest top is equipped with the handle that is used for adjusting the position of cutting a knife, the position of cutting a knife includes one or more in horizontal position of cutting a knife, left slope position of cutting a knife, right slope position of cutting a knife, the preceding slope position of cutting a knife.

The technical conception of the utility model is as follows: the three-dimensional turntable assembly is additionally arranged on the machine tool, a main shaft box of the machine tool is arranged on the three-dimensional turntable assembly, the three-dimensional turntable assembly provides power through a servo motor and is driven through a gear transmission structure, the angle of the main shaft is changed, the deviation between the main shaft and the axis of the transverse guide rail is formed, cutting is carried out through adjusting the direction and the size of the angle, and the purposes of simulating the thermal deformation error of the machine tool and the straight line error in the horizontal plane of the guide rail are achieved. The transverse guide rail is not completely fixed with the machine tool body and can be separated from the machine tool body. One end of the transverse guide rail close to the three-dimensional turntable assembly is rotatably connected with the lathe body, and the transverse guide rail is completely attached to the lathe body when being in a horizontal position. A cam is arranged below the right end of the transverse guide rail, and the cam wheel center is connected with an adjusting handle through a transmission mechanism. The cam is adjusted to rotate through the handle, so that the protruding part of the cam supports the transverse guide rail, the transverse guide rail is inclined in a vertical plane, and related guide rail guiding errors are simulated. The transverse guide rail is also provided with a bar-shaped level gauge for further determining the inclination state of the transverse guide rail. The tool rest is arranged on the longitudinal guide rail and is provided with four different inclined angles (including a horizontal angle) tool positions, the tool is clamped on the four different tool positions, the tool can incline to different degrees, and the inclination conditions of the transverse guide rail and the longitudinal guide rail are simulated through the inclination of the tool. When the cutter is installed on the cutter frame, a gasket can be padded, so that the height of the cutter is changed. The error of the machine tool is intuitively simulated and amplified by adjusting various factors such as the angle of a spindle box, the angle of a cutter and the inclination angle of a guide rail.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that:

1. the utility model has simple structure and convenient operation, and the device can visually display the forming mechanism of the geometric error, the cutter manufacturing error and the thermal deformation error of the machine tool to students and improve the teaching quality;

2. the error formation can be directly simulated by adjusting various factors such as the angle of a spindle box, the angle of a guide rail, the angle of a cutter and the like, and errors except the error object can be converted and simulated by adjusting the factors;

3. the adjustment of the machine tool is executed through the servo motor, the adjustment is accurate, the angle adjustment range of the spindle box is wide, and the performance of amplifying errors by increasing the offset angle can be realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional turret assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the carriage assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the posture adjustment assembly of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-a lathe bed; 2-a three-dimensional turntable; 21-rotating the base; 22-longitudinal axis rotating support; 23-a main spindle box; 231-spindle pedestal; 232-main shaft; 233-three jaw chuck; 234-a drive device; 3-a guide rail assembly; 31-a transverse guide rail; 311-a level gauge; 32-longitudinal guide rails; 33-a transverse slide; 4-adjusting the posture component; 41-adjusting the support; 42-a cam; 43-adjusting handle; 44-handle shaft, 45-transmission mechanism; 5, a tool rest; 51-a base; 52-cutter position; 521-horizontal knife position; 522-left ramping cutter position; 523-right inclined knife position; 524-front inclined cutter position; 53-handle.

Detailed Description

The utility model will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

Referring to fig. 1-5, a turning error demonstration teaching aid includes a lathe bed 1, a three-dimensional turntable assembly 2, a guide rail assembly 3, a guide rail posture adjustment assembly 4 and a tool rest assembly 5. The three-dimensional turntable assembly 2 is arranged on the lathe bed 1 and comprises two longitudinal shaft rotating supports 22, a lathe spindle box 23 rotatably arranged between the two longitudinal shaft rotating supports 22, and a first driving mechanism for driving the lathe spindle box 23 to rotate, wherein the lathe spindle box 23 comprises a chuck 233 for clamping a workpiece and a driving part 234 for driving the chuck 233 to rotate. The guide rail assembly 3 is arranged on the bed 1 and opposite to the three-dimensional turntable assembly 2, and comprises a transverse guide rail 31 arranged transversely, a transverse sliding seat 33 connected to the transverse guide rail 31 transversely in a sliding manner, and a second driving mechanism used for driving the transverse sliding seat 33 to move, wherein one end of the transverse guide rail 31 is rotatably connected with the bed 1. The guide rail posture adjusting component 4 is arranged on the lathe bed 1, the other end of the transverse guide rail 31 is supported on the guide rail posture adjusting component 4, and the guide rail posture adjusting component 4 is used for adjusting the inclination of the transverse guide rail 31. The tool rest assembly 5 is arranged on the guide rail assembly 3 and used for clamping a tool.

The second driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, a nut seat and a lead screw, the lead screw is transversely arranged, the driving motor drives the lead screw to work, the nut seat is screwed on the lead screw, the transverse sliding seat 33 is fixedly connected with the nut seat, the driving motor drives the lead screw to rotate during work, the lead screw drives the nut seat and the transverse sliding seat 33 thereon to transversely move, and the transverse movement of the tool rest assembly 5 is sequentially realized.

The first driving mechanism comprises a servo motor and a corresponding transmission structure, and the servo motor drives a transmission shaft of the lathe spindle box 23 to rotate through the gear transmission structure, so that the lathe spindle box 23 can obliquely swing.

With continued reference to fig. 3, the three-dimensional turret assembly 2 further includes a rotating base 21, and the two longitudinal axis rotating supports 22 are disposed on the rotating base 21. The rotary base 21 can be automatically rotated by a servo motor and a corresponding gear transmission structure.

Further, the lathe spindle box 23 further includes a spindle 232 and two lathe spindle holders 231, the two lathe spindle holders 231 are respectively rotatably connected to the two longitudinal shaft rotating supports 22, the first driving mechanism is configured to drive the lathe spindle holders 231 to rotate, the spindle 232 is fixedly connected between the two lathe spindle holders 231, the driving member 234 is disposed on the spindle 232, and the chuck 233 is disposed on the driving member 234.

With continued reference to fig. 1 and 2, the rail assembly 3 further includes a longitudinal rail 32 disposed longitudinally on a transverse slide 33, and the carriage assembly 5 is longitudinally slidably coupled to the longitudinal rail 32.

Further, the carriage assembly 5 is locked with the transverse sliding base 33 through a set screw, specifically, the set screw is screwed with the carriage assembly 5, and the set screw penetrates through the carriage assembly 5 and abuts against the transverse sliding base 33, so as to fix the position of the carriage assembly 5.

Further, the transverse rail 31 is provided with a level 311, preferably a bar level, along its length, the level 311 being embedded in the horizontal transverse rail 31.

With continued reference to fig. 1, 2 and 5, the guide rail posture adjustment assembly 4 includes a cam 42 for supporting the guide rail assembly 3 and an adjustment handle 43 in driving engagement with the cam 42.

Specifically, the guide rail posture adjustment assembly 4 further comprises a cam shaft 41, a handle shaft 44 and a transmission mechanism 45, the cam shaft 41 and the handle shaft 44 are rotatably mounted on the machine body 1 and are in transmission fit through the transmission mechanism, the two ends of the cam shaft 41 are respectively provided with a cam 42, and one end of the handle shaft 44 is provided with an adjusting handle 43. The transmission mechanism is preferably a gear transmission mechanism, and a sprocket, a pulley, or the like may be used.

Wherein, the one end that adjustment handle 43 and handle axle 44 are connected is the wheel-shaped structure, and a plurality of first jacks are circled on this wheel-shaped structure, and lathe bed 1 is used for opening on the casing outer wall of rotation installation handle axle 44 has the second jack that corresponds with first jack position, inserts first jack and second jack through the locating pin to this locking adjustment handle 43's angle, when the adjustment rotates adjustment handle 43, extracts the locating pin earlier, then rotates adjustment handle, and next first jack will aim at with the second jack like this, inserts the locating pin back finally.

Further, the adjustment range of the guide rail posture adjustment assembly 4 to the inclination angle of the transverse guide rail 31 is 0-15 °.

Continuing to refer to fig. 4, the tool rest assembly 5 includes a tool rest base 51 and a tool rest 52 which is arranged on the tool rest base 51 and can rotate around the axial direction of the tool rest base, the tool rest 52 is provided with a tool position for clamping a tool, a handle 53 for adjusting the tool position is arranged above the tool rest 52, the tool position includes four different angles, which are respectively a horizontal tool position 521, a left inclined tool position 522, a right inclined tool position 523 and a forward inclined tool position 524, the horizontal tool position 521, the left inclined tool position 522, the right inclined tool position 523 and the forward inclined tool position 524 are all conventional tool position structures, the tool is mounted on the tool rest 52 through a set screw to form an angle change, and the tool position switching of the tool rest 52 is completed through the operating handle 53.

The specific working process of the utility model is as follows: the chuck 233 holds the workpiece, and the driving part 234 drives the chuck 233 to rotate by operating a button on the bed 1. The servo motors of the two longitudinal shaft rotating supports on the three-dimensional turntable assembly 2 are controlled through the control buttons, and the angle of the spindle box 23 is changed so as to form an angle difference with the transverse guide rail 31. By adjusting the right-side adjusting handle 43, the cross rail 31 is partially separated from the bed 1, and the angle between the cross rail 31 and the plane is changed. The level position within the level 311 changes to determine the degree of tilt. The set screw on the carriage assembly 5 is loosened so that the carriage assembly 5 is free to slide on the longitudinal rail 32, and the set screw is retightened after the mutual position with the cutting object is determined. The tool holder 52 is switched by a handle 53, and the tool is attached to the tool holder 52 by a set screw. The driving motor of the longitudinal guide rail 32 is started through a button on the lathe bed 1, the driving motor pushes the longitudinal guide rail 32 through the lead screw to enable the tool rest assembly 5 to feed, and the teaching aid starts displaying error formation.

One end of the transverse guide rail 31 close to the three-dimensional turntable assembly 2 is connected with the lathe bed 1 through a rotating shaft, and the transverse guide rail 31 can be completely attached to the lathe bed 1 when being horizontal.

The lathe tool adopted by the lathe has various different types, and besides a common excircle lathe tool, the lathe tool also is matched with cutters with different abrasion degrees and plastic cutters with low strength. And in the operation process, turning simulation is carried out by replacing the turning tool, so that the manufacturing error of the tool is simulated and displayed.

The cutting object is common plastic or 3D printed hot melt plastic, spiral stripes are arranged on the surface of the 3D printed hot melt plastic, machining errors can be observed by observing the cut stripes, and the teaching aid can also complete the following teaching tasks:

(1) the general turning process is shown, the teaching aid is designed for error display, but the teaching aid is light in structure and simple to operate, and can be used as a display teaching aid for a common turning mechanism under the condition of no error design;

(2) the formation of the surface roughness is displayed, and different surface roughness displays can be achieved by changing the feeding speed of a lathe and the rotating speed of a main shaft;

(3) the machining error caused by the clamping force can be displayed by using a low-rigidity cutting object, increasing the clamping force, changing the acting point of the clamping force and then carrying out turning machining.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the utility model has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A turning error demonstration teaching aid which is characterized by comprising:

a bed body (1);

the three-dimensional turntable assembly (2) is arranged on the lathe bed (1) and comprises two longitudinal shaft rotating supports (22), a lathe spindle box (23) rotatably arranged between the two longitudinal shaft rotating supports (22) and a first driving mechanism used for driving the lathe spindle box (23) to rotate, wherein the lathe spindle box (23) comprises a chuck (233) used for clamping a workpiece and a driving part (234) used for driving the chuck (233) to rotate;

the guide rail assembly (3) is arranged on the lathe bed (1) and is opposite to the three-dimensional turntable assembly (2), the guide rail assembly (3) comprises a transverse guide rail (31) which is transversely arranged, a transverse sliding seat (33) which is transversely connected with the transverse guide rail (31) in a sliding manner and a second driving mechanism which is used for driving the transverse sliding seat (33) to move, and one end of the transverse guide rail (31) is rotatably connected with the lathe bed (1);

the guide rail posture adjusting component (4) is arranged on the lathe bed (1), the other end of the transverse guide rail (31) is supported on the guide rail posture adjusting component (4), and the guide rail posture adjusting component (4) is used for adjusting the inclination of the transverse guide rail (31); and

the tool rest assembly (5) is arranged on the guide rail assembly (3) and used for clamping a tool.

2. A turning error demonstration teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that the three-dimensional turntable assembly (2) further comprises a rotating base (21), the two longitudinal axis rotating supports (22) being arranged on the rotating base (21).

3. A turning error demonstration teaching aid according to claim 1, wherein the lathe spindle box (23) further comprises a spindle (232) and two lathe spindle shaft brackets (231), the two lathe spindle shaft brackets (231) are respectively rotatably connected with the two longitudinal shaft rotating supports (22), the first driving mechanism is connected with the spindle shaft brackets (231) for driving the lathe spindle to rotate, the spindle (232) is fixedly connected between the two lathe spindle shaft brackets (231), the driving part (234) is arranged on the spindle (232), and the chuck (233) is arranged on the driving part (234).

4. A turning error demonstration teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that the rail assembly (3) further comprises a longitudinal rail (32) arranged longitudinally on a transverse slide (33), the carriage assembly (5) being longitudinally slidably connected to the longitudinal rail (32).

5. A turning error demonstration teaching according to claim 4, characterized in that the carriage assembly (5) is locked with the longitudinal rail (32) or the transversal slide (33) by means of fasteners.

6. A turning error demonstration teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross rail (31) is provided with a level (311) along its length.

7. A turning error demonstration teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment range of the guide rail attitude adjustment assembly (4) to the inclination angle of the transverse guide rail (31) is 0-15 °.

8. A turning error demonstration teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide rail posture adjustment assembly (4) comprises a cam (42) for supporting the guide rail assembly (3) and an adjusting handle (43) in driving fit with the cam (42).

9. The turning error demonstration teaching aid according to claim 8, wherein the guide rail posture adjustment assembly (4) further comprises a cam shaft (41), a handle shaft (44) and a transmission mechanism (45), the cam shaft (41) and the handle shaft (44) are rotatably mounted on the lathe bed (1) and are in transmission fit through the transmission mechanism, the two ends of the cam shaft (41) are respectively provided with a cam (42), and one end of the handle shaft (44) is provided with an adjusting handle (43).

10. The turning error demonstration teaching aid of claim 1, characterized in that the tool rest assembly (5) comprises a tool rest base (51), a tool rest (52) arranged on the tool rest base (51) and capable of rotating around the axial direction of the tool rest base, wherein the tool rest (52) is provided with a tool position for clamping a tool, a handle (53) for adjusting the tool position is arranged above the tool rest (52), and the tool position comprises one or more of a horizontal tool position (521), a left inclined tool position (522), a right inclined tool position (523) and a forward inclined tool position (524).