CN216716231U - Rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator - Google Patents
Rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN216716231U CN216716231U CN202220108291.6U CN202220108291U CN216716231U CN 216716231 U CN216716231 U CN 216716231U CN 202220108291 U CN202220108291 U CN 202220108291U CN 216716231 U CN216716231 U CN 216716231U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- incinerator
- shell
- flue gas
- gasification
- shaftless spiral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification burns burning furnace, arrange domestic waste in shaftless auger delivery casing and utilize and burn burning furnace incineration in-process and produce the high temperature flue gas and let in the gasifier chamber of gasification stove shell as the external heat source, carry out the anoxybiotic gasification to the domestic waste in the shaftless auger delivery casing through the heat exchange, change the plastics of easy carbomorphism, paper etc. into the charcoal sediment, the charcoal sediment that produces gets into burning furnace burning through shaftless auger delivery and produces the high temperature flue gas, the high temperature flue gas is discharged from burning furnace chamber and is got into the gasifier intracavity, maintain the system pyrolysis balance, the flue gas passes through after the gas purifier purifies, discharge by draught fan and chimney. In the garbage treatment process, substances containing chloride ions are not fused with oxygen in the gasification process, dioxin is not generated, and generated carbon slag is directly burnt to reduce the organic garbage by about 97 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a rural domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator.
Background
The garbage is a waste product inevitably generated in human life, and along with the continuous improvement of the rural life quality, the rural household garbage is increasingly diversified. Because rural areas are far away from cities, rural domestic garbage is difficult to treat in time, and the domestic garbage accumulated for a long time can generate a large amount of harmful bacteria, so that the surrounding environment is damaged, the disease transmission probability is increased, and the human health is influenced.
The environmental conditions in most rural areas in China are not optimistic, and the conditions that garbage is blown by wind and sewage is evaporated frequently occur. Even if the garbage can is arranged in a village, the collected garbage is often treated in a way that the roadside falls down disorderly, a mountain slope is thrown disorderly, and white pollution is spread everywhere. Even in some rural areas with slightly better conditions, the indoor modernization and outdoor messiness are often' difficult to get rid of old life style all the time, the garbage problem in the rural areas is very prominent, and the development of the rural areas to the direction of tidy villages and beautiful environment is seriously hindered. The traditional treatment mode of rural domestic garbage is to centralize the garbage and then pull the garbage to a specific place for incineration, and gas generated by incineration causes real influence and potential harm to the atmosphere and the like, especially generates smoke dust and highly toxic dioxin pollution and generates irreversible harm to human beings and the atmosphere.
Research shows that the current rural domestic garbage is mainly applied to the following three devices: 1. pyrolysis furnace, 2, gasification furnace, 3, incinerator. Because the components of the garbage are complex, the natural stacking specific gravity of different materials is different, the phenomena of burning empty, partial burning and bridging often occur in a pyrolysis furnace and a gasification furnace, the contact between the garbage containing chlorine ion components and oxygen cannot be ensured, and the generation of dioxin cannot be avoided. In addition, pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis furnace needs secondary combustion, but auxiliary heat energy needs to be added due to the reasons, and the addition of the auxiliary heat energy can increase the garbage treatment cost. The gasification furnace is easy to generate carbon slag, and the reduction rate of the organic garbage is influenced. The direct aerobic combustion of the incinerator can generate a large amount of dioxin, and a purification system used in rural areas cannot remove the dioxin. At present, an oxygen insulation device is in pilot plant test, but the complex process equipment and the investment cost cannot be applied to rural garbage treatment in a large scale. Therefore, the development of equipment and technology capable of meeting the requirement of rural domestic garbage treatment is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a rural domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator which is easy to operate, can automatically perform assembly line operation, does not generate dioxin, and has high organic garbage reduction rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a rural domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator comprises a shaftless spiral conveying casing and an incinerator body; the lower part in the incinerator shell of the incinerator is provided with a reciprocating grate, the space above the reciprocating grate is an incinerator cavity, and the incinerator shell is provided with an incinerator door capable of putting fuel into the incinerator cavity; an air adjusting door and a dust climbing door are arranged on the incinerator shell below the reciprocating grate; one end of the reciprocating grate is connected with an ash chamber, and the other end of the reciprocating grate is connected with a pushing mechanism through a reciprocating pushing rod; one end of a shaftless spiral conveying machine shell is communicated with a burning furnace chamber, a shaftless spiral is arranged in the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell through a bearing with a seat and a connecting and installing shaft, the bearing with the seat is arranged outside the other end of the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell, the connecting and installing shaft is arranged on the bearing with the seat, one end of the connecting and installing shaft is fixedly connected with the shaftless spiral, the other end of the connecting and installing shaft is connected with a rotating mechanism through a coupler, and the rotating mechanism transmits power through the coupler to drive the connecting and installing shaft to rotate so as to drive the shaftless spiral to rotate in the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell; the shaftless spiral conveyor shell is a shaftless spiral conveyor shell capable of transferring heat, a gasification furnace shell is wrapped outside the end of the shaftless spiral conveyor shell communicated with the incineration furnace cavity, and a feeding hole is formed in the other end of the shaftless spiral conveyor shell; the cavity between the gasification furnace shell and the shaftless spiral conveying casing is a gasification furnace chamber, one end of the gasification furnace chamber is communicated with the incineration furnace chamber, the other end of the gasification furnace chamber is communicated with a flue gas outlet pipe, the flue gas outlet pipe is connected with a flue gas purifier through a flue gas pipe, and the flue gas purifier is connected with a chimney through an induced draft fan. The flue gas cleaner is a conventional flue gas cleaner, such as a water seal scrubber.
The shaftless spiral conveying shell is communicated with a gas outlet pipe, and the gas outlet pipe is communicated with the shaftless spiral conveying shell between the feed inlet and the gasification furnace shell; the gas outlet pipe is communicated with the incinerator cavity through a gas conveying pipe. The fuel gas generated by anaerobic gasification of the household garbage in the shaftless spiral conveying shell is conveniently conveyed into the incinerator for combustion.
And a heat-insulating layer is arranged outside the gasification furnace shell.
The incinerator shell is provided with a heat insulation layer.
The rotating mechanism consists of a rotating motor and a gear box,
the pushing mechanism comprises a pushing motor and a reduction gear box, a belt pulley on a rotating shaft of the pushing motor is connected with a belt pulley on an input shaft of the reduction gear box through a triangular belt, a rotating wheel is installed on an output shaft of the reduction gear box, and the outer side of the rotating wheel is hinged with a reciprocating push rod.
This rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification burns burning furnace is arranged domestic waste in shaftless auger delivery casing and is utilized in burning furnace incineration process to produce high temperature flue gas and let in the gasifier intracavity of gasification stove shell as the external heat source, carry out anaerobic gasification to the domestic waste in the shaftless auger delivery casing through the heat exchange, the plastics of easy carbomorphism, the paper etc. becomes the charcoal sediment, the charcoal sediment of production gets into burning in the burning furnace through shaftless auger delivery and produces high temperature flue gas, high temperature flue gas discharges from burning furnace chamber and gets into the gasifier intracavity, maintain the system pyrolysis balance, the flue gas passes through after the gas purifier purifies, discharge by draught fan and chimney. In the garbage treatment process, substances containing chloride ions are not fused with oxygen in the gasification process to generate dioxin, the generated carbon slag is directly burnt to reduce the organic garbage by about 97 percent, and the dioxin concentration in the flue gas in the whole combustion process is lower than 0.003ngTEQ/Nm3The defects generated by a pyrolysis furnace, a gasification furnace and an incinerator are comprehensively overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the pyrolysis gasification incinerator for household garbage in the rural area;
the names of the sequence numbers in the figure are:
1. the device comprises a rotating mechanism, 2, a coupler, 3, a bearing with a seat, 4, a connecting and installing shaft, 5, a shaftless screw, 6, a shaftless screw conveying shell, 7, a feeding hole, 8, a gas outlet pipe, 9, a gas conveying pipe, 10, a flue gas outlet pipe, 11, a gasification furnace chamber, 12, a gasification furnace shell, 13, a flue gas pipe, 14, a flue gas purifier, 15, an induced draft fan, 16, a chimney, 17, a furnace door, 18, an incinerator chamber, 19, an incinerator shell, 20, a slag chamber, 21, an air adjusting door, 22, a reciprocating grate, 23, an ash climbing door, 24, a reciprocating push rod, 25 and a pushing mechanism.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
A rural domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator comprises a shaftless screw conveying casing 6 and an incinerator; a reciprocating grate 22 is arranged at the lower part in an incinerator shell 19 of the incinerator, a space above the reciprocating grate 22 is an incinerator cavity 18, and an incinerator door 17 capable of putting fuel into the incinerator cavity 18 is arranged on the incinerator shell 19; an air adjusting door 21 and a dust climbing door 23 are arranged on the incinerator shell 19 below the reciprocating grate 22; one end of the reciprocating grate 22 is connected with an ash chamber 20, and the other end of the reciprocating grate 22 is connected with a pushing mechanism 25 through a reciprocating pushing rod 24; one end of a shaftless spiral conveyor shell 6 is communicated with a incinerator cavity 18, a shaftless spiral 5 is arranged in the shaftless spiral conveyor shell 6 through a bearing with a seat 3 and a connecting and mounting shaft 4, the bearing with a seat 3 is arranged outside the other end of the shaftless spiral conveyor shell 6, the connecting and mounting shaft 4 is arranged on the bearing with a seat 3, one end of the connecting and mounting shaft 4 is fixedly connected with the shaftless spiral 5, the other end of the connecting and mounting shaft 4 is connected with a rotating mechanism 1 through a coupler 2, and the rotating mechanism 1 transmits power to drive the connecting and mounting shaft 4 to rotate through the coupler 2, so that the shaftless spiral 5 is driven to rotate in the shaftless spiral conveyor shell 6; the gasification furnace shell 12 is wrapped outside the end of the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell 6 communicated with the incineration furnace chamber 18, and the other end of the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell 6 is provided with a feeding hole 7; the cavity between the gasification furnace shell 12 and the shaftless spiral conveying casing 6 is a gasification furnace chamber 11, one end of the gasification furnace chamber 11 is communicated with a burning furnace chamber 18, the other end of the gasification furnace chamber 11 is communicated with a flue gas outlet pipe 10, the flue gas outlet pipe 10 is connected with a flue gas purifier 14 through a flue gas pipe 13, and the flue gas purifier 14 is connected with a chimney 16 through an induced draft fan 15.
Example 2
A rural domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator comprises a shaftless screw conveying casing 6 and an incinerator; a reciprocating grate 22 is arranged at the lower part in an incinerator shell 19 of the incinerator, a space above the reciprocating grate 22 is an incinerator cavity 18, and an incinerator door 17 capable of putting fuel into the incinerator cavity 18 is arranged on the incinerator shell 19; an air adjusting door 21 and a dust climbing door 23 are arranged on the incinerator shell 19 below the reciprocating grate 22; one end of the reciprocating grate 22 is connected with an ash chamber 20, and the other end of the reciprocating grate 22 is connected with a pushing mechanism 25 through a reciprocating pushing rod 24; one end of a shaftless spiral conveying machine shell 6 is communicated with a burning furnace chamber 18, a shaftless spiral 5 is arranged in the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell 6 through a bearing with a seat 3 and a connecting and installing shaft 4, the bearing with a seat 3 is arranged outside the other end of the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell 6, the connecting and installing shaft 4 is arranged on the bearing with a seat 3, one end of the connecting and installing shaft 4 is fixedly connected with the shaftless spiral 5, the other end of the connecting and installing shaft 4 is connected with a rotating mechanism 1 through a coupler 2, and the rotating mechanism 1 transmits power to drive the connecting and installing shaft 4 to rotate through the coupler 2, so that the shaftless spiral 5 is driven to rotate in the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell 6; the gasification furnace shell 12 is wrapped outside the end of the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell 6 communicated with the incineration furnace chamber 18, and the other end of the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell 6 is provided with a feeding hole 7; the cavity between the gasification furnace shell 12 and the shaftless spiral conveying casing 6 is a gasification furnace chamber 11, one end of the gasification furnace chamber 11 is communicated with a burning furnace chamber 18, the other end of the gasification furnace chamber 11 is communicated with a flue gas outlet pipe 10, the flue gas outlet pipe 10 is connected with a flue gas purifier 14 through a flue gas pipe 13, and the flue gas purifier 14 is connected with a chimney 16 through an induced draft fan 15.
The shaftless spiral conveying machine shell 6 is communicated with a fuel gas outlet pipe 8, and the fuel gas outlet pipe 8 is communicated with the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell 6 between the feed inlet 7 and the gasification furnace shell 12; the gas outlet pipe 8 is communicated with the incinerator cavity 18 through a gas conveying pipe 9.
The outer part of the gasification furnace shell 12 is provided with a heat preservation layer, so that heat in the gasification furnace cavity 11 is prevented from being dissipated outwards.
The incinerator shell 19 is provided with a heat insulation layer, so that heat of the incinerator cavity 18 is reduced or prevented from being dissipated outwards.
The rotating mechanism 1 consists of a rotating motor and a gearbox; the output shaft of the rotating motor is connected with the gearbox, and the output shaft of the gearbox is connected with the connecting and mounting shaft 4 through the coupler 2.
The pushing mechanism 25 comprises a pushing motor and a reduction gear box, a belt pulley on a rotating shaft of the pushing motor is connected with a belt pulley on an input shaft of the reduction gear box through a triangular belt, a rotating wheel is installed on an output shaft of the reduction gear box, and the outer side of the rotating wheel is hinged with the reciprocating push rod 24.
The working process of the rural domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator is as follows: when the device is used for the first time, fuel is placed in the incinerator cavity 18 to be combusted, high-temperature flue gas is generated, the flue gas enters the gasification furnace cavity 11 under the action of the induced draft fan 14, then enters the flue gas purifier 14 from the flue gas outlet pipe 10 and the flue gas pipe 13, is purified by the flue gas purifier 14, and is discharged from the chimney 16; the pushing mechanism 25 pushes the reciprocating pushing rod 24 to realize the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating grate 22, and the frequency of the reciprocating motion is adjusted to a proper frequency, so that the charcoal slag is fully combusted on the reciprocating grate 22, and the ash slag on the reciprocating grate 22 falls into the ash slag chamber 20; the domestic garbage enters a shaftless spiral conveying shell 6 from a feed inlet 7, the shaftless spiral 5 is driven by a rotating mechanism 1 to rotate and drive to be conveyed into an incinerator cavity 18, the rotating conveying speed of the shaftless spiral 5 meets the requirement that the domestic garbage is subjected to anaerobic gasification in the shaftless spiral conveying shell 6 of a gasification furnace shell 12 section, when the domestic garbage is conveyed into the shaftless spiral conveying shell 6 of the gasification furnace shell 12 section, high-temperature flue gas in a gasification furnace cavity 11 carries out anaerobic gasification on the domestic garbage through heat exchange to change easily carbonized plastics, paper and the like into carbon slag and fuel gas, the generated carbon slag is conveyed into the incinerator through the shaftless spiral to be combusted, the generated fuel gas is discharged through a fuel gas outlet pipe 8 and conveyed into the incinerator through a fuel gas conveying pipe 10 to be combusted, the carbon slag and the fuel gas are combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the incinerator cavity 8 to enter the gasification furnace cavity 12, the pyrolysis balance of the system is maintained, additional fuel is added into the incinerator again according to the actual combustion condition, substances containing chloride ions are not fused with oxygen in the gasification process to generate dioxin in the garbage treatment process, the generated carbon slag is directly incinerated to reduce the organic garbage by about 97 percent, and the defects generated by a pyrolysis furnace, a gasification furnace and an incinerator are comprehensively overcome.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification burns burning furnace which characterized in that: comprises a shaftless screw conveyor shell (6) and an incinerator; a reciprocating grate (22) is arranged at the lower part in an incinerator shell (19) of the incinerator, a space above the reciprocating grate (22) is an incinerator cavity (18), and an incinerator door (17) capable of throwing fuel into the incinerator cavity (18) is arranged on the incinerator shell (19); an air adjusting door (21) and an ash climbing door (23) are arranged on the incinerator shell (19) below the reciprocating grate (22); one end of the reciprocating grate (22) is connected with an ash chamber (20), and the other end of the reciprocating grate (22) is connected with a pushing mechanism (25) through a reciprocating pushing rod (24); one end of a shaftless spiral conveying machine shell (6) is communicated with a burning furnace chamber (18), a shaftless spiral (5) is arranged in the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell (6) through a bearing with a seat (3) and a connecting and mounting shaft (4), the connecting and mounting shaft (4) is arranged on the bearing with the seat (3), one end of the connecting and mounting shaft (4) is fixedly connected with the shaftless spiral (5), and the other end of the connecting and mounting shaft (4) is connected with a rotating mechanism (1) through a coupler (2); the outer part of the end of the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell (6) communicated with the incinerator cavity (18) is wrapped with a gasification furnace shell (12), and the other end of the shaftless spiral conveying machine shell (6) is provided with a feeding hole (7); the cavity between the gasification furnace shell (12) and the shaftless spiral conveying casing (6) is a gasification furnace chamber (11), one end of the gasification furnace chamber (11) is communicated with a burning furnace chamber (18), the other end of the gasification furnace chamber (11) is communicated with a flue gas outlet pipe (10), the flue gas outlet pipe (10) is connected with a flue gas purifier (14) through a flue gas pipe (13), and the flue gas purifier (14) is connected with a chimney (16) through an induced draft fan (15).
2. The rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator of claim 1, characterized in that: the shaftless spiral conveying shell (6) is communicated with a gas outlet pipe (8), and the gas outlet pipe (8) is communicated with the shaftless spiral conveying shell (6) between the feed inlet (7) and the gasification furnace shell (12); the gas outlet pipe (8) is communicated with the incinerator cavity (18) through a gas conveying pipe (9).
3. The rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator of claim 1, characterized in that: and a heat-insulating layer is arranged outside the gasification furnace shell (12).
4. The rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator of claim 1, characterized in that: the incinerator shell (19) is provided with a heat insulation layer.
5. The rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator of claim 1, characterized in that: the rotating mechanism (1) is composed of a rotating motor and a gearbox.
6. The rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator of claim 1, characterized in that: the pushing mechanism (25) comprises a pushing motor and a reduction gear box, a belt pulley on a rotating shaft of the pushing motor is connected with a belt pulley on an input shaft of the reduction gear box through a triangular belt, a rotating wheel is installed on an output shaft of the reduction gear box, and the outer side of the rotating wheel is hinged with a reciprocating pushing rod (24).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202220108291.6U CN216716231U (en) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-01-17 | Rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202220108291.6U CN216716231U (en) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-01-17 | Rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN216716231U true CN216716231U (en) | 2022-06-10 |
Family
ID=81892081
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202220108291.6U Active CN216716231U (en) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-01-17 | Rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN216716231U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115405918A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-29 | 湖北鑫星节能炉具有限公司 | Biomass particle combustion furnace with bottom ventilation structure |
-
2022
- 2022-01-17 CN CN202220108291.6U patent/CN216716231U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115405918A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-29 | 湖北鑫星节能炉具有限公司 | Biomass particle combustion furnace with bottom ventilation structure |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101823073B (en) | Gasification-liquefaction disposal method, system and equipment for household garbage | |
| CN216716231U (en) | Rural domestic waste pyrolysis gasification incinerator | |
| CN216655750U (en) | Organic garbage oxygen-insulation gasification power generation device | |
| CN112050221A (en) | Waste incineration system with pyrolysis gasification | |
| CN2634307Y (en) | Multistage incineration equipment of rotary kiln garbage gasifying and carbon ash cosmelting | |
| JP2015224795A (en) | Generator for fuel gas from organic materials and utilization of heat of same | |
| CN202766491U (en) | Rubbish dry distillation, pyrolyzation, gasification and power generation system | |
| CN106524173B (en) | A kind of small-sized house refuse carbonization incinerator | |
| CN209196850U (en) | Refuse disposal installation | |
| CN106940017A (en) | The system and method for coal-burning power plant's cooperated with consumer waste gasification | |
| CN113072283A (en) | Biochemical sludge treatment system and treatment process thereof | |
| CN207514920U (en) | A kind of high-efficiency low-pollution rural garbage disposal plant | |
| CN203190422U (en) | Medical waste incinerator with oxygen-enriched combustion technology applied | |
| CN212269991U (en) | Small-size domestic waste low temperature pyrolysis gasification treatment integrated equipment | |
| CN116481030A (en) | Pyrolysis gasification incineration method and device for rural household garbage | |
| CN212108413U (en) | Air supply system between waste incineration power plant boiler with rubbish pond negative pressure | |
| CN104728846A (en) | Rotating dual-roller incinerator | |
| CN209165416U (en) | A kind of continuous pyrolysis type waste incinerator | |
| CN208587912U (en) | A kind of oxygen-enriched second-time burning low pollution emission system of domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification | |
| CN208457971U (en) | A kind of waste incinerator for garbage power | |
| CN208457973U (en) | A kind of new energy trash burner of environmental protection | |
| CN105753274A (en) | Sludge disposal system and sludge disposal technology | |
| CN205443177U (en) | Mud carbomorphism system charcoal device | |
| CN209101286U (en) | A kind of environmental protection domestic garbage disposer | |
| CN213019641U (en) | Combustion equipment for clean combustion and purification emission of fuel |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |