CN216693555U - Waste circuit board gasification furnace - Google Patents
Waste circuit board gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN216693555U CN216693555U CN202122656135.1U CN202122656135U CN216693555U CN 216693555 U CN216693555 U CN 216693555U CN 202122656135 U CN202122656135 U CN 202122656135U CN 216693555 U CN216693555 U CN 216693555U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a waste circuit board gasification furnace, which comprises a furnace body, a feeding hole and a smoke outlet, wherein the feeding hole and the smoke outlet are formed in the furnace body, and the waste circuit board gasification furnace comprises: the smoke outlet is arranged at the top of the gasification furnace; the feed inlet is arranged in the middle of the top of the gasification furnace and extends into the hearth of the gasification furnace to be spaced from the smoke outlet by a certain distance so as to prevent part of the input materials from being brought out of the gasification furnace from the smoke outlet by smoke. Compared with the prior art, the feed inlet and the smoke outlet of the gasification furnace are spaced at a certain distance, so that materials can be fed from the center of the top of the hearth to be fed uniformly, and the situation that particles with smaller particle sizes in the fed materials are taken away by smoke and discharged to cause the small particle materials to be slagging in subsequent processing equipment can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of waste circuit board treatment, and particularly relates to a waste circuit board gasification furnace.
Background
Waste circuit boards are used as an important component in electronic products and widely exist in a large amount of electronic wastes. At present, the recovery processing method of the waste circuit board generally adopts a direct burying method, an incineration method, a water washing method, a cracking method and the like, but toxic substances are released, and serious secondary pollution of the environment such as air or soil is easily caused.
Therefore, the resource, reduction and harmless treatment of the waste circuit boards become a way for reducing the environmental pressure, and the research on the process technology for comprehensively recycling the valuable resources in the waste circuit boards has important practical significance.
CN106591585A discloses a waste circuit board resourceful treatment device and method, mainly including breaker, self-reduction smelting furnace, roots blower and flue gas processing apparatus. The treatment method comprises the steps of adding the crushed waste circuit boards into a self-reduction smelting furnace for smelting to generate flue gas, molten metal and molten slag, and discharging the slag and the molten metal from the smelting furnace respectively to obtain water-quenched slag and copper ingots enriched with precious metals; the flue gas enters a flue gas treatment device for treatment. Among them the disadvantages include:
1. the reactions such as drying, pyrolysis, gasification combustion, melting and the like exist in the melting furnace of the molten pool, the working condition in the furnace is complex, and the control difficulty is large;
2. the top feeding is adopted, and the subsequent system is seriously slagged due to tar generated by pyrolysis of organic matters in the waste circuit boards, fine particles generated by crushing the circuit boards and the like;
3. the flue gas generated by smelting has higher temperature and directly enters the cyclone separator, so that the processing material of the cyclone separator is difficult to select.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to overcome the defect that fine particles are easy to be discharged into a waste gas treatment system by flue gas to cause slag bonding in the feeding process of a waste circuit board in the prior art, and the utility model provides a waste circuit board gasification furnace.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a waste circuit board gasifier, includes the furnace body and locates feed inlet, the outlet flue on the furnace body, wherein:
the smoke outlet is arranged at the top of the gasification furnace;
the feed inlet is arranged in the middle of the top of the gasification furnace and extends into the hearth of the gasification furnace to be spaced from the smoke outlet by a certain distance so as to prevent part of the input materials from being brought out of the gasification furnace from the smoke outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that: the feed inlet and the smoke outlet of the gasification furnace are spaced at a certain distance, so that the materials can be fed from the central position of the top of the hearth uniformly, and the situation that the fed materials are discharged due to the fact that particles with small particle sizes are taken away by smoke gas is avoided, and the small particle materials are subjected to slag bonding in subsequent processing equipment is avoided. The rest of the advantages can also be seen in the details of the examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a waste circuit board recycling system according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a gasification furnace, a molten bath smelting furnace, a flue gas separation device and a secondary combustion chamber in the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a recycling treatment process of the waste circuit board according to the embodiment.
Description of the figure numbers:
10. the gasifier comprises a gasifier, a reaction zone, a gas zone, a feed inlet, a slag outlet, a combustor, a burner, a gas supply port, a smoke outlet and a gas supply fan, wherein the gasifier comprises 10-a, the reaction zone, 10-b, the gas zone, 11, the feed inlet, 12, the slag outlet, 13, the burner, 14, the gas supply port, 15, the smoke outlet and 16.
20. The method comprises the steps of smelting a molten pool, 21. an ash feeding hole, 22. a copper discharging hole, 23. a slag discharging hole, 24. a smoke discharging hole, 25. a smelting spray gun, 250. a spray gun fan and 26. an ash discharging valve.
30. Flue gas separation device, 31 flue gas inlet, 32 gas outlet.
40. The system comprises a secondary combustion chamber, 41 parts of a quenching tower, 42 parts of a waste heat boiler, 43 parts of a bag dust collector, 44 parts of an induced draft fan, 45 parts of an alkali liquor leaching tower, 46 parts of an electric demister, 47 parts of a chimney and 48 parts of a crusher.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the system for recycling waste circuit boards in this embodiment mainly includes a gasification furnace 10 and a molten pool smelting furnace 20, the waste circuit boards are firstly pyrolyzed and gasified in the gasification furnace 10, and the obtained ash enters the molten pool smelting furnace 20 to be smelted, so as to obtain copper liquid.
The gasification furnace 10 is provided with a feed inlet 11 for feeding crushed materials of the waste circuit board, and the lower part of the gasification furnace 10 is provided with a slag outlet 12 for discharging ash slag.
The furnace of the gasification furnace 10 is roughly divided into two regions, specifically, a reaction region 10-a located in the lower part of the furnace and a gas region 10-b located in the upper part of the furnace. Therefore, a plurality of burners 13 are provided at the lower part of the side wall of the gasification furnace 10, and the specific positions of the burners 13 substantially correspond to or are close to the reaction zone 10-a in the hearth of the gasification furnace 10. The lower part of the gasification furnace 10 is also provided with a plurality of air supply ports 14 for connecting an air supply fan 16.
Preferably, the gasification furnace 10 is provided with 2-6 air supply ports 14 which are arranged around the circumference of the furnace body.
In addition, the gasification furnace 10 is also provided with a smoke outlet 15 for discharging smoke, and the specific position of the smoke outlet corresponds to the gas zone 10-b at the upper part of the hearth.
When the device is used, the furnace starting operation is firstly completed through the combustor 13, the temperature is raised to a target temperature zone, and generally, the temperature of pyrolysis gasification is about 800-1000 ℃.
Then, the crushed materials of the waste circuit boards are put into the gasification furnace 10 and fall to the reaction zone 10-a in the lower part of the furnace chamber under the action of gravity. The reaction zone 10-a may be roughly divided into three layers including:
a drying layer, which is an upper layer of the reaction zone 10-a, and on which the crushed aggregates of the waste circuit boards mainly undergo physical reaction, namely, dehydration by heating;
a pyrolysis layer formed at a lower layer of the drying layer, in which pyrolysis of organic matter in the crushed material mainly occurs to generate synthesis gas and carbon residue;
and the gasification layer is formed on the lower layer of the pyrolysis layer and is close to the bottom of the hearth, and the residual carbon and air are subjected to gasification reaction. The three layers of the reaction zone 10-a are only qualitatively distinct from the main reactions and are not strictly defined. Wherein, the synthesis gas mainly comprises hydrogen, CO and the like.
In the pyrolysis gasification process: the synthesis gas rises to the gas zone 10-b in the upper part of the furnace; the generation process of the synthesis gas comprises partial combustion heat release, and the heat release process of the gasification reaction of the residual carbon can provide heat for the pyrolysis reaction and reduce energy consumption.
The position of the air supply opening 14 corresponds to the position of the gasification layer at the lower layer of the reaction zone 10-a in the hearth of the gasification furnace 10.
During the pyrolysis gasification process, a proper amount of air is supplemented to the gasification layer through the air supply opening 14 to maintain the combustion gasification reaction. Preferably, the air supply opening 14 extends into the gasification layer, and the position of the air supply opening 14 is close to the bottom of the hearth in the height direction. In addition, if necessary, heat may be supplied to the furnace chamber by the burner 13.
The gas generated in the process of heat removal and gasification, together with a certain proportion of solid particles, especially carbon residue particles, form mixed flue gas, which rises upwards to the flue outlet 15 and is discharged.
In a preferred embodiment, the feed inlet 11 is disposed at the top of the gasification furnace 10, especially at the center of the top, so that the material can be more uniformly distributed during the falling process.
In addition, preferably, the feed port 11 extends into the hearth of the gasification furnace 10 and extends downward for a certain distance. And the smoke outlet 15 is arranged at the edge position of the top of the gasification furnace 10, so that the feed inlet 11 and the smoke outlet 15 are spaced and kept at a certain distance, thereby ensuring that the materials are fed from the central position of the top of the hearth to realize more uniform feeding, and avoiding the situation that the particles with smaller particle size are taken away by the smoke from the smoke outlet 15 and discharged. If the smaller granule of particle diameter in the material of input is taken away and is discharged by the flue gas from outlet flue 15, reduced treatment effeciency on the one hand, on the other hand will lead to these small-particle material slagging scorification in subsequent treatment facility, influence the operation of relevant equipment.
The molten pool smelting furnace 20 is provided with an ash feeding hole 21 for receiving smelting auxiliary materials and ash generated by pyrolysis gasification. In the utility model, the smelting auxiliary materials can also be fed through another feeding inlet arranged at the upper part and the top of the molten pool smelting furnace 20, and the specific structural position is not limited.
The lower part of the molten bath smelting furnace 20 is also provided with a copper discharging port 22 and a slag discharging port 23. In the bath smelting furnace 20, the ash is smelted for matte formation and slag formation. Wherein the smelting temperature is about 1300 ℃. Correspondingly, the copper matte and the slag have different densities, and after the copper matte and the slag are clarified and separated, the copper liquid is discharged from the copper discharge port 22, and the slag is discharged from the slag discharge port 23.
The bath smelting furnace 20 is also provided with a discharge port 24 for discharging gases and for connection to subsequent treatment equipment.
Preferably, a smelting spray gun 25 is arranged at the top of the hearth of the molten pool smelting furnace 20 to form a top-blowing smelting structure. In use, the smelting lance 25 is connected to a lance blower 250 for injecting air, oxygen and fuel into the molten bath.
Preferably, the slag outlet 12 of the gasification furnace 10 is connected with the ash inlet 21 of the molten bath smelting furnace 20, and an ash discharge valve 26 is connected therebetween. Specifically, one end of the ash discharge valve 26 is connected to the slag outlet 12 through a pipe, and the other end of the ash discharge valve 26 is connected to the ash inlet 21 through another pipe.
The slag outlet 12 of the gasification furnace 10 is higher than the ash inlet 21 of the molten bath smelting furnace 20 in the height direction, and the ash in the gasification furnace 10 enters the molten bath smelting furnace 20 through a pipeline. The ash, which has been heated in the gasifier 10 and has a higher temperature, is discharged directly into the bath smelting furnace 20 through a pipe, and the amount of heat required during the furnace process can also be reduced. The ash discharge valve 26 can be used for controlling the ash feeding rate in addition to the on-off of the pipeline connecting the gasification furnace 10 and the molten bath smelting furnace 20.
Further, a flue gas separation device 30 is also included. In this embodiment, the flue gas separation device 30 is preferably a cyclone separator.
The flue gas separation device 30 is provided with a flue gas inlet 31 for connecting with the flue gas outlet 15 of the gasification furnace 10, specifically, connected through a high temperature flue.
After the flue gas enters the flue gas separation device 30, the solid particles therein are substantially separated from the gas. For this purpose, the flue gas separation device 30 is also provided with a gas outlet 32 for connection to a further processing device.
The flue gas separation device 30 is connected to the gasification furnace 10 through a pipeline to receive the flue gas, and the flue gas is subjected to flue gas separation in the flue gas separation device to obtain smoke dust mainly composed of carbon particles, wherein the smoke dust inevitably contains other impurities, so that adding the dust composed of carbon particles into the molten pool smelting furnace 20 can also be understood as adding the carbon particles obtained by separating the flue gas into the molten pool smelting furnace 20.
The smelting spray gun 25 is connected with the flue gas separation device 30 through a pipeline and is used for spraying the flue gas into the molten pool smelting furnace 20. In the utility model, the smelting spray gun 25 is an existing conventional product, and the specific structure is not described in detail.
In addition, still be equipped with a plurality of exhaust-gas treatment equipment, including afterburner 40, the quench tower 41 of being connected with afterburner 40, exhaust-heat boiler 42 of being connected with quench tower 41, cloth bag dust catcher 43 of being connected with exhaust-heat boiler 42, draught fan 44 of being connected with cloth bag dust catcher 43, be connected alkali lye spray tower 45 with draught fan 44, the electric demister 46 of being connected with alkali lye spray tower 45, wherein, the connection between two equipment of connecting means realizes the gas circuit connection of gas transportation through the pipeline.
The gas outlet 32 of the flue gas separation device 30 and the exhaust outlet 24 of the molten bath smelting furnace 20 are both connected to the secondary combustion chamber 40, and the gases or flue gases discharged in the first two are combusted in the secondary combustion chamber 40. Preferably, the discharge outlet 24 of the molten bath smelting furnace 20 is connected to a vertical flue which is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 40.
The flue gas after complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 40 is quenched to below 550 ℃ by a quenching tower 41, enters a waste heat boiler 42 for generating steam, is subjected to dust removal treatment by a bag dust collector 43, is pumped to an alkali liquor spray tower 45 by an induced draft fan 44 for deacidification treatment, is subjected to dehydration treatment by an electric demister 46, and is discharged from a chimney 47.
The draught fan 44 also provides negative pressure for the equipment in the system except for the post-treatment equipment, namely the alkali liquor spray tower 45 and the electric demister 46.
Further, the system is provided with a crusher 48 for crushing the waste circuit boards into particles within a certain particle size range.
Example 2
The treatment process of this embodiment can be implemented based on the treatment system of embodiment 1, and other equivalent treatment systems or apparatuses can also be adopted.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the waste circuit board recycling process of the embodiment includes the steps of:
and S10, pretreating the waste circuit board, wherein the pretreatment is usually detinning treatment. The waste circuit board may be specifically adjusted according to the material composition of the waste circuit board, which is not limited in the present invention.
And S20, crushing the pretreated waste circuit board to particles with smaller particle size by using a crusher 48.
The particle size of the particles can be controlled to be approximately less than about 100 mm. The relatively small particle size makes the crumb more efficient in pyrolysis gasification, while too small a particle size makes it inconvenient to feed. Preferably, the particle size of the particles is within the range of 10-50 mm.
And S30, putting the crushed materials of the pretreated waste circuit board into a gasification furnace 10, and carrying out pyrolysis gasification to obtain ash and smoke.
In the process of antipyretic gasification, the process air quantity is adjusted, namely a proper amount of air is introduced into the crushed material gasification layer. Preferably, the process air volume is 20% -50% of the theoretical combustion air volume of the waste circuit board. Wherein the theoretical combustion air volume is 1kg of air required by the combustion chemical reaction of combustible substances contained in liquid or solid fuel and oxygen, and the air required volume is obtained by theoretical calculation.
The temperature of the crushed material gasification layer charged into the gasification furnace 10 is about 900 to 1000 ℃. At this time, the temperature of the gasification layer is slightly lower than the melting point of the ash to prevent the ash from being hot-melt sintered. Under the high temperature state, the drying effect is generated, and the pyrolysis and gasification reactions are generated simultaneously. Organic matters in the crushed materials are pyrolyzed to mainly generate synthesis gas and residual carbon, and the residual carbon and air are subjected to gasification reaction.
In the prior art, the pyrolysis process is completed in an anaerobic reaction system, and specifically, modes of introducing inert gas to exhaust air (oxygen) and the like are provided, and external heat supply is completely needed in the whole process.
Compared with the pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis and gasification process is adopted in the embodiment, the organic matter pyrolysis and gasification process is accompanied with the processes of decomposition heat absorption and combustion heat release, the reaction can be maintained after the furnace is started under a proper condition, or a proper amount of heat can be supplemented through a combustor when needed, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The gas generated in the gasification furnace 10 rises in the furnace chamber and simultaneously carries away smaller solid particles such as carbon and the like to form flue gas. The gasification furnace 10 is provided with a smoke outlet 15, and the smoke outlet 15 is connected with subsequent processing equipment and is simultaneously communicated with a draught fan 44 providing a negative pressure environment. The flue gas in the gasification furnace 10 is discharged from the flue gas outlet 15. The smoke outlet 15 is usually provided at the top, upper portion of the gasification furnace 10, and therefore, the smoke outlet 15 is in a low negative pressure state, or equivalently, the top of the furnace of the gasification furnace 10 is in a low negative pressure state. Preferably, the furnace top negative pressure of the gasification furnace 10 is about-50 Pa.
The gasifier 10 is also provided with a slag outlet 12, from which slag, consisting of copper and other ash, is discharged 12. At this time, the temperature of the ash is in the range of 800-1000 ℃.
And S40, putting the ash and the smelting auxiliary materials into a molten pool smelting furnace 20, and smelting to obtain copper liquid.
The smelting auxiliary materials comprise limestone, reducing lump coal, coke and the like.
Preferably, the bath smelting furnace 20 is connected to the gasifier 10, and ash is discharged from the gasifier 10 directly into the bath smelting furnace 20 while the ash is maintained at a high temperature.
Preferably, the bath smelting furnace 20 is provided with top-blowing smelting lances 25 for injecting air, fuel into the bath and agitating the bath. As described above, the ash entering the bath smelting furnace 20 is also maintained at a high temperature, and the smelting lance 25 allows the material to be rapidly heated to a smelting temperature region of about 1300 ℃, and in this step, the material consumed by the smelting lance 25 can be greatly reduced, which not only improves the efficiency, but also reduces the process cost.
In the molten pool, the materials are heated to be molten and undergo physical and chemical reactions, and the matte formation and the slag formation are completed. And clarifying and separating the mixture of the copper matte and the slag due to different densities. Referring to fig. 2, during the clarification separation, the feed is stopped and the smelt lances 25 are raised above the liquid surface. After the clarification separation is finished, slag is discharged through a slag discharge port 23, and copper liquid is discharged through a copper discharge port 22.
The flue gas discharged from the gasification furnace 10 contains carbon particles, and in order to make full use of the carbon particles, the method further includes the following steps:
s50, firstly, introducing the flue gas discharged by the gasification furnace 10 into equipment such as cyclone separation equipment, and separating solid particles in the flue gas. Carbon particles obtained after flue gas separation are added into the molten pool smelting furnace 20 to be mainly used as supplementary fuel.
Preferably, the carbon particles obtained after separation are injected into the molten bath through the smelting lance 25.
In the pyrolysis gasification process, the organic matter of the circuit board is gasified, and most of the flue gas is mainly generated in the gasification furnace 10 of the gasification furnace 10, in comparison, the molten pool smelting furnace 20 of the embodiment also generates flue gas, but the flue gas is less, and the flue gas is mainly generated as an easily-treated gas.
Therefore, compared with the method of directly putting the waste circuit materials into the molten pool smelting furnace 20, the temperature of the pyrolysis gasification reaction is lower than the temperature required by smelting, the temperature of the correspondingly generated flue gas is lower, the requirement on a flue gas separation device is lower, and the method is more favorable for model selection of the device. Obviously, the flue gas produced by direct charging into the molten bath smelting furnace 20 has a high temperature, at least with higher requirements on the high temperature resistance of the flue gas separation device.
In addition, the flue gas generated by the gasification furnace 10 is treated by the flue gas separation device, the solid particles can be directly fed into the molten bath smelting furnace 20, the carbon particles contained in the flue gas can be further utilized, and even if other ash content exists, the flue gas can form slag in the molten bath smelting furnace 20 and be discharged. In this way, in the treatment process of the embodiment, the solid particles in the flue gas discharged from the flue gas separation device 30 and the molten bath smelting furnace 20 are relatively few, which is beneficial to the simplification of the subsequent treatment process.
The flue gas discharged from the flue gas separation device 30 and the molten bath smelting furnace 20 also contains combustible gas and other combustible substances, and the flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 40 for complete combustion. When the mixed gas is combusted in the secondary combustion chamber 40, preferably, the combustion temperature is higher than 1100 ℃, the residence time of the flue gas is longer than 2 seconds, and the oxygen content at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber 40 is controlled to be 6-10%.
Reference example 1 exhaust gas treatment process: the flue gas discharged after the full combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 40 is quenched to below 550 ℃ by a quenching tower 41, enters a waste heat boiler 42 for generating steam, is subjected to dust removal treatment by a bag dust collector 43, deacidification treatment by an alkali liquor spray tower 45 and dehydration treatment by an electric demister 46, and is discharged by a chimney 47. The negative pressure of the whole system is provided by an induced draft fan 44.
Obviously, in the present invention, the main components of the flue gas discharged after the secondary combustion chamber 40 is fully combusted are gases, the content of the flue gas is low, the dust is not easy to form for the subsequent processing equipment, and the service life of the bag dust collector 43 can be greatly prolonged.
The embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, of the scope of the claims, and other substantially equivalent alternatives may occur to those skilled in the art and are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a waste circuit board gasifier, includes the furnace body and locates feed inlet, the outlet flue on the furnace body, its characterized in that:
the smoke outlet is arranged at the top of the gasification furnace;
the feed inlet is arranged in the middle of the top of the gasification furnace and extends into the hearth of the gasification furnace to be spaced from the smoke outlet by a certain distance so as to prevent part of the input materials from being brought out of the gasification furnace from the smoke outlet.
2. The waste circuit board gasification furnace of claim 1, wherein a slag outlet is formed at the bottom of the gasification furnace.
3. The waste circuit board gasification furnace of claim 2, wherein the slag outlet is connected with a pipeline for connecting with a molten pool smelting furnace, and is used for discharging ash slag generated in the gasification furnace into the molten pool smelting furnace in a higher temperature state of 800-1000 ℃.
4. The waste circuit board gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a burner for heating the furnace chamber during starting or reaction is arranged on a side wall of the gasification furnace.
5. The waste circuit board gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein when in use, a gasification layer of the material is formed in a space near the bottom of the hearth in the gasification furnace;
and an air supply opening for introducing air into the gasification layer is formed in the lower part of the side wall of the gasification furnace.
6. The waste circuit board gasification furnace according to claim 5, wherein the number of the air supply ports is 2-6, and the air supply ports are arranged around the circumference of the furnace body.
7. The waste circuit board gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the smoke outlet is used for being connected with a cyclone separator through a high-temperature flue.
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| CN202122656135.1U CN216693555U (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Waste circuit board gasification furnace |
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| CN202122656135.1U CN216693555U (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Waste circuit board gasification furnace |
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