CN216585213U - Laser cladding equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses laser cladding equipment, relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing laser cladding equipment has large outer envelope size due to external winding of a pipeline and is difficult to adapt to movement in a narrow space. The laser cladding apparatus includes: the device comprises a laser generator, a light ray adjusting device, a cooling pipeline and a cladding nozzle; the light ray adjusting device comprises a shell, a collimation module, a focusing module and a reflection module, wherein the collimation module, the focusing module and the reflection module are positioned in the shell; the shell is provided with a light inlet and a light outlet, a laser emission port of the laser generator is positioned at the light inlet, the collimation module, the focusing module and the reflection module are sequentially distributed along the extension direction of a laser light path emitted by the laser generator, and the cladding nozzle is arranged at the position of the light outlet on the shell; the cooling pipeline is at least positioned in the shell and used for cooling the focusing module and the reflecting module. The laser cladding equipment provided by the utility model is used for cladding inner holes or laser cladding in narrow spaces.

Description

Laser cladding equipment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of laser cladding, in particular to laser cladding equipment.

Background

The laser cladding is that the same or different alloy materials added to the surface of the base material are melted by utilizing laser energy, and a cladding layer is formed on the surface of the base material after the added alloy is cooled and solidified and is metallurgically bonded with the base material. By selecting proper alloy addition materials and cladding parameters, the laser cladding can obviously improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and electrical characteristics of the surface of the base material, thereby achieving the purpose of surface modification or repair. Compared with surfacing, spraying, electroplating and vapor deposition, laser cladding has the characteristics of small dilution rate of base materials, compact structure of cladding layers, good combination of the coating and a matrix, more suitable cladding materials and the like, so that the application prospect of the laser cladding technology is very wide. The existing laser cladding equipment is mainly suitable for cladding the open surface of a workpiece, a cladding head is positioned above the surface to be clad, and the size of the cladding head has small influence on the implementation of cladding work. However, when the surface to be clad is in a semi-closed position, there is a problem of position interference when the cladding path is planned, and the size of the laser head needs to be reduced as much as possible.

The existing laser cladding equipment is large in specification and size, and the cooling pipeline is arranged outside the laser cladding equipment, so that the overall size of the laser cladding equipment is large, and the existing laser cladding equipment is only used for external cladding, so that the existing laser cladding equipment is difficult to adapt to cladding in a narrow space or on the inner wall of a long pipe fitting during laser cladding.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide laser cladding equipment which is used for solving the technical problems that the outer envelope size is large and the laser cladding equipment is difficult to adapt to movement in a narrow space due to external winding of a laser pipeline in the prior art.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a laser cladding apparatus, which includes a laser generator, a light adjusting device, a cooling pipeline, and a cladding nozzle. The light ray adjusting device comprises a shell, and a collimation module, a focusing module and a reflection module which are positioned in the shell. The shell is provided with a light inlet and a light outlet, a laser emission port of the laser generator is positioned at the light inlet, the collimation module, the focusing module and the reflection module are sequentially distributed along the extension direction of a laser light path emitted by the laser generator, and the cladding nozzle is arranged at the position of the light outlet on the shell; the cooling pipeline is at least positioned in the shell and used for cooling the focusing module and the reflecting module.

Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, the laser cladding equipment arranges the collimation module, the focusing module and the reflection module in the shell, and the shell is internally provided with a cooling pipeline for cooling. Laser emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the collimation module, the focusing module and the reflection module and then is emitted from the cladding nozzle. In the laser cladding process, heat generated by the focusing module and the reflecting module is absorbed by a cooling pipeline arranged in the shell. Due to the fact that the cooling pipeline is designed in the shell, the space is saved while the focusing module and the reflecting module are guaranteed to be cooled, the overall size of the laser cladding equipment is reduced, the technical problems that the outer envelope size is large and the laser cladding equipment is difficult to adapt to movement in a narrow space due to the fact that pipelines of the laser cladding equipment in the prior art are externally wound are solved, the overall size of the laser cladding equipment is reduced, and position interference is avoided during operation in the narrow space.

In a possible implementation manner, the cooling pipeline is further located in the cladding nozzle and used for cooling the cladding nozzle. The cooling pipeline further comprises a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet is located on the shell, and the water outlet is located on the cladding nozzle. The cooling pipeline is arranged in the cladding nozzle, so that the cladding nozzle is rapidly cooled, and the size of the cladding nozzle is reduced.

In one possible implementation, the reflection module is a mirror. And part of the cooling pipeline is positioned on one side of the reflector far away from the reflecting surface, and part of the cooling pipeline is of a coil structure. The cooling of the reflection module is realized by arranging the coil structure near the reflection module, and the size of the reflection module is reduced.

In a possible implementation manner, the light ray adjusting device further includes a protective mirror, the protective mirror is located at the light ray outlet, and a part of the cooling pipeline is located in a circumferential direction of the protective mirror. The arrangement of the protective mirror can prevent metal powder at the cladding nozzle from sputtering, and the collimation module, the focusing module and the reflection module in the light adjusting device are protected.

In a possible implementation manner, the laser cladding equipment further comprises a cylinder and a fixing piece, the cladding nozzle is arranged on the cylinder, and the fixing piece fixes the cylinder at the position of the shell, which is located at the light outlet. The cladding nozzle is convenient to detach by adopting a mode of installing the cladding nozzle by the cylinder and the fixing piece.

In some embodiments, the fasteners include stents, radial fasteners, and axial fasteners. The outer wall of the barrel is provided with an annular groove surrounding the barrel, the support is in clearance fit with the annular groove, the radial fixing piece is abutted to the barrel through the support, and the axial fixing piece is abutted to the part of the shell, which is positioned at the light outlet, through the support. By adopting the installation mode, the axial and radial adjustment of the cladding nozzle is realized.

In some embodiments, the radial fixing member is configured to adjust coaxiality between a light spot emitted by the cladding nozzle and a powder spot emitted by the cladding nozzle. The axial fixing piece is used for adjusting the defocusing value between the light spot emitted by the cladding nozzle and the powder spot emitted by the cladding nozzle. The powder utilization rate and the process effect in the cladding operation process are ensured by the bidirectional adjustment of the coaxiality and the defocusing value of the cladding nozzle.

In some embodiments, the laser cladding equipment further comprises a detachable fixing piece and a spray head mounting part, and the detachable fixing piece is used for mounting the cladding spray head on the barrel. The spray head mounting part fixes the cylinder body on the shell at the light outlet. The setting of detachable mounting, the barrel of convenient to detach and cladding shower nozzle.

In one possible implementation manner, the laser cladding apparatus further includes a fixing frame and a gas pipe; the fixing frame is located between the protective glass and the cladding nozzle, and the gas pipeline is located in the fixing frame and the shell. The arrangement of the gas pipeline can further prevent powder materials in the laser cladding equipment from entering the shell.

In one possible implementation manner, the laser cladding equipment further comprises an extension bar and a mounting plate; the extension bar is arranged between the collimating module and the focusing module, and the light ray adjusting device is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate. The light adjusting device is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate, so that the cladding sprayer can rotate relative to the mounting plate in the cladding operation process, the rotating angle of the cladding sprayer relative to the mounting plate is adjusted, and the requirement of multi-angle cladding is met.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the utility model and do not limit the utility model. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser cladding apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a laser cladding apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a laser cladding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic partial structural view of a laser cladding apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic partial cross-sectional structure view of a laser cladding apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the portion A in FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of the portion B of FIG. 5 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic partial sectional structure view of a laser cladding apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic partial sectional structure view of a laser cladding apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

the device comprises a laser generator 1, a laser emitting port 11, a light adjusting device 2, a shell 21, a light inlet 211, a light outlet 212, a collimation module 22, a focusing module 23, a reflection module 24, a reflection mirror 241, a protective mirror 25, a cooling pipeline 3, a water inlet 31, a first connecting port 31a, a second connecting port 31b, a water outlet 32, a coil structure 33, a cladding nozzle 4, a detachable fixing piece 41, a nozzle mounting part 42, a fixing frame 43, a gas pipeline 44, a gas inlet 441, a cylinder 5, an annular groove 51, a fixing piece 6, a support 61, a radial fixing piece 62, an extension rod 7, a mounting plate 8 and a powder inlet pipeline 9.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. The meaning of "a number" is one or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a laser cladding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, a laser cladding apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a laser generator 1, a light ray adjusting device 2, a cooling pipeline 3 and a cladding nozzle 4. Laser generator 1 sets up in the one end of light adjusting device 2, and cladding shower nozzle 4 sets up the other end at light adjusting device 2, and cooling duct 3 cools off light adjusting device 2. The laser generator 1 is used for generating laser beams, and after the laser beams enter the light adjusting device 2, the light adjusting device 2 converts the laser beams and adjusts the light beam transmission angle, and finally focused light spots are formed and emitted from the cladding nozzle 4. A channel for conveying powder materials is arranged in the laser cladding equipment, and the focused light spots melt the powder materials. Wherein, the laser generator 1 and the light adjusting device 2 are made of chromium zirconium copper materials.

As shown in fig. 2, the light ray adjusting device 2 includes a housing 21, and a collimating module 22, a focusing module 23 and a reflecting module 24 located in the housing 21. The light ray adjusting device 2 is of a shell 21 structure, the shell 21 has a certain wall thickness, an internal cavity is arranged inside the shell 21, and a collimation module 22, a focusing module 23 and a reflection module 24 are sequentially arranged in the internal cavity. In order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly, the housing 21 may be provided with multiple sections, for example, three independent housings 21 are provided for the collimating module 22, the focusing module 23 and the reflecting module 24, wherein the collimating module 22, the focusing module 23 and the reflecting module 24 are respectively and correspondingly mounted, and different housings 21 are fixed by screws or threads. The collimating module 22 converts the laser beam emitted by the laser generator 1 into a parallel beam, the focusing module 23 converges the parallel beam converted by the collimating module 22 into a focused beam, and the reflecting module 24 reflects the focused beam converged by the focusing module 23, and finally emits the focused beam from the cladding nozzle 4.

As shown in fig. 3, the housing 21 has a light inlet 211 and a light outlet 212, and the light inlet 211 is opened at one end of the housing 21. The laser emitting port 11 of the laser generator 1 is located at the light ray inlet 211, the collimating module 22, the focusing module 23 and the reflecting module 24 are sequentially distributed along the extending direction of the laser light path emitted by the laser generator 1, and the cladding nozzle 4 is arranged at the position of the light ray outlet 212 on the shell 21. When the housing 21 has multiple sections, the light inlet 211 is opened at one end of the housing 21 corresponding to the collimating module 22. The light outlet 212 is provided on the side of the housing 21 remote from the other end of the light inlet 211. When the housing 21 has a plurality of segments, the light outlet 212 is disposed at one end of the housing 21 corresponding to the reflection module 24. The laser generator 1 is arranged at the light inlet 211, the cladding nozzle 4 is arranged at the light outlet 212, and the laser beam emitted by the laser generator 1 sequentially passes through the collimation module 22, the focusing module 23 and the reflection module 24 and is finally emitted from the cladding nozzle 4.

As shown in fig. 2-4, the cooling duct 3 is located at least in the housing 21 for cooling the focusing module 23 and the reflection module 24. The housing 21 has a certain wall thickness, and the cooling duct 3 is disposed in the wall of the housing 21, and the cooling duct 3 may be a passage opened in the housing 21 or may be a separate duct fixed in the housing 21. When the housing 21 is multi-segmented, a part of the cooling duct 3 is provided in the housing 21 corresponding to the focusing module 23, and a part of the cooling duct 3 is provided in the housing 21 corresponding to the reflecting module 24.

When the cladding nozzle 4 is used for laser cladding operation, light beams emitted by the laser generator 1 enter the collimation module 22 through the light ray inlet 211 and are converted into parallel light, after the light beams pass through the focusing module 23, the parallel light spots are converged and focused, and are reflected by the reflection module 24 in the focusing process, the light path is turned by 90 degrees, and the light beams are emitted from the light ray outlet 212 and then enter the cladding nozzle 4 to be finally focused under the cladding nozzle 4. Because high-power laser beams can generate heat when passing through the focusing module 23 and the reflecting module 24, when cooling liquid is introduced into the cooling pipeline 3 in the shell 21, the cooling liquid flows through the focusing module 23 and the reflecting module 24 to absorb heat and cool the cooling liquid.

According to the structure and the specific implementation process of the laser cladding equipment, when the laser cladding operation is carried out in a narrow space, the space position has certain limitation on the size of the laser cladding equipment, and the laser cladding equipment with larger size is difficult to extend into the narrow space or is inconvenient to move in the narrow space. Compared with the existing laser cladding equipment, the laser cladding equipment provided by the embodiment of the utility model has the advantages that the cooling pipeline 3 is designed in the shell 21, the space is saved while the focusing module 23 and the reflecting module 24 are ensured to be cooled, and the technical effects of reducing the overall size of the laser cladding equipment and avoiding position interference in operation in a narrow space are achieved.

As a possible implementation manner, as shown in fig. 5, in order to cool the cladding nozzle 4 and reduce the size of the cladding nozzle 4, the cooling pipe 3 is further located in the cladding nozzle 4 and is used for cooling the cladding nozzle 4; the cooling pipeline 3 further comprises a water inlet 31 and a water outlet 32, the water inlet 31 is located on the shell 21, and the water outlet 32 is located on the cladding nozzle 4.

Since the laser beam is finally converged in the cladding nozzle 4, the cladding nozzle 4 also needs to be cooled in the operation process. In order to avoid arranging too many water inlets and water outlets 32, in the embodiment of the utility model, only the cooling pipeline 3 is arranged in the cladding nozzle 4, the water outlet 32 is arranged on the cladding nozzle 4, a part of the cooling pipeline 3 is arranged in the cladding nozzle 4, and the water inlet 31 is arranged on the shell 21. When the laser cladding equipment carries out cladding operation, the cooling liquid is introduced into the water inlet 31, flows through the focusing module 23, the reflecting module 24 and the cladding nozzle 4 in sequence to cool the cooling liquid, and is finally discharged from the water outlet 32 on the cladding nozzle 4. In order to communicate the cooling pipe in the housing 21 with the cooling pipe in the cladding nozzle 4, a first connection port 31a and a second connection port 31b are provided outside the housing, and the cooling liquid enters from the water inlet 31, flows out from the first connection port 31a after passing through the housing, and flows into the cladding nozzle 4 through the second connection port 31 b.

In an example, as shown in fig. 4-5, a channel for conveying powder materials is opened in the cladding nozzle 4, and a powder feeding pipe 9 for feeding powder is further opened on the cladding nozzle 4. The cladding nozzle 4 is conical, a through light transmission channel for the focused light beam to pass through is formed along the central line of the conical cladding nozzle 4, and the focused light beam is emitted from the tip of the conical cladding nozzle 4. The channel of transmission powder material is seted up in the side of light transmission channel, and powder material also jets out from the pointed end of toper cladding shower nozzle 4, and the light beam after the focus like this can melt the powder material of jetting out from the pointed end of toper cladding shower nozzle 4. It can be understood that the channel for conveying the powder material and the cooling pipeline 3 in the cladding nozzle 4 are isolated from each other and do not affect each other.

According to the structure and the specific implementation process of the laser cladding equipment, one part of the cooling pipeline 3 is arranged in the cladding nozzle 4, so that the cladding nozzle 4 is cooled, and the size of the cladding nozzle 4 is reduced. And a part of the cooling pipeline 3 is arranged in the cladding nozzle 4 and communicated with the cooling pipeline 3 in the shell 21, so that one water inlet 31 is used, only the water outlet 32 is arranged on the cladding nozzle 4, the arrangement of too many water inlets and outlets 32 is avoided, and the size of the laser cladding equipment is further reduced.

As a possible implementation, as shown in fig. 5, in order to cool the reflection module 24 and reduce the size of the reflection module 24, the reflection module 24 may be a mirror 241; part of the cooling duct 3 is located on the side of the reflecting mirror 241 away from the reflecting surface, and part of the cooling duct 3 is in a coil structure 33.

The reflection module 24 is a plane mirror that functions as a plane reflection for changing the propagation direction of the laser beam. In the housing 21, a coil structure 33 is provided on a side of the reflector 241 away from the reflection surface, and the coil structure 33 is a part of the cooling duct 3. By providing the coil structure 33 at the reflector module 24, the cooling duct 3 is avoided from being provided outside the housing 21 of the reflector module 24, reducing the size of the reflector module 24. Meanwhile, the cooling pipeline 3 of the coil structure 33 effectively increases the contact area between the cooling pipeline 3 and the shell 21, and effectively improves the cooling effect on the reflection module 24. It should be noted that the reflector 241 may be a reflector made of fused quartz, the light utilization rate of a glass lens made of fused quartz is greatly superior to that of a copper mirror, and the installation and maintenance costs are superior to that of a copper mirror.

As a possible implementation manner, as shown in fig. 5 to 6, in order to cool the light outlet 212 and protect each module in the light conditioning device 2, the light conditioning device 2 further includes a protective mirror 25, the protective mirror 25 is located at the light outlet 212, and a part of the cooling duct 3 is located in the circumferential direction of the protective mirror 25.

At the light outlet 212 in the housing 21, a protective mirror 25 is provided. All lenses in the embodiment of the utility model are made of high-temperature-resistant quartz glass, and compared with the existing common red copper reflector 241, the laser breakage rate is greatly reduced. The protective mirror 25 does not have a light conversion function, and the protective mirror 25 can be only a thin glass sheet and is used for isolating the inner cavity of the shell 21 from the cladding nozzle 4, so that the situation that materials and the like enter the inner cavity of the shell 21 to pollute an optical module in the shell 21 when the laser cladding equipment works is avoided. However, since the laser beam still passes through the protective mirror 25 and the protective mirror 25 is positioned close to the reflection module 24, the cooling duct 3 is also provided in the circumferential direction of the protective mirror 25, that is, a part of the cooling duct 3 is also positioned in the circumferential direction of the protective mirror 25, and the protective mirror 25 and the reflection module 24 are cooled.

As a possible implementation manner, as shown in fig. 5 to 7, the laser cladding apparatus further includes a cylinder 5 and a fixing member 6, the cladding nozzle 4 is disposed on the cylinder 5, and the fixing member 6 fixes the cylinder 5 at a position of the housing 21 at the light outlet 212.

The lower end face of the cylinder 5 is provided with a cladding nozzle 4, and the upper end face of the cylinder 5 is fixed at the light outlet 212 through a fixing piece 6. The longitudinal section of the fixing piece 6 is a step-shaped annular piece, the outer side of the fixing piece 6 is provided with a threaded hole, a screw is screwed in the threaded hole, and the barrel 5 and the cladding nozzle 4 are installed at the position of the light outlet 212. The mode that the barrel 5 and the fixing piece 6 are used for installing the cladding nozzle 4 is adopted, so that the cladding nozzle 4 is convenient to disassemble and repair or replace.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 7, the fixture 6 includes a stent 61, a radial fixture 62, and an axial fixture. The outer wall of the cylinder 5 is provided with an annular groove 51 surrounding the cylinder 5, the bracket 61 is in clearance fit with the annular groove 51, the radial fixing member 62 abuts against the cylinder 5 through the bracket 61, and the axial fixing member abuts against the part of the shell 21 at the light outlet 212 through the bracket 61.

The bracket 61 may be a ring member having a stepped longitudinal section, and the radial fixing member 62 and the axial fixing member may be bolts or screws, except that they are screwed in different directions. The bracket 61 is provided with corresponding threaded holes into which bolts or screws are screwed. It should be noted that the bracket 61 is provided with threaded holes along the axial direction and the radial direction of the bracket 61, the axial threaded holes are arranged on the outer circle of the bracket 61, and bolts or screws are screwed into the threaded holes to fix the bracket 61 and the cladding nozzle 4 fixed in the bracket 61 on the shell 21; the radial screw hole is provided on the inner circle of the bracket 61, into which a screw is screwed, and abuts against the outer wall surface of the cylinder 5. By adopting the installation mode, the cladding nozzle 4 can be axially and radially adjusted in the installation process or the cladding operation process.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 7, the radial fixing member 62 is used to adjust the coaxiality between the light spot emitted from the cladding nozzle 4 and the powder spot emitted from the cladding nozzle 4. The axial fixing piece is used for adjusting the defocusing value between the light spot emitted by the cladding nozzle 4 and the powder spot emitted by the cladding nozzle 4.

When the radial fixing piece 62 is transversely screwed in, the radial adjusting piece can be pushed to translate along the screwing direction of the screw, so that the coaxiality between the light spot emitted by the cladding nozzle 4 and the powder spot emitted by the cladding nozzle 4 is adjusted; the axial fixing piece is longitudinally screwed in, so that the upper end face of the barrel 5 is attached to the side face of the shell 21, and when the axial fixing piece is screwed in, the position of the barrel 5 is lifted, so that the defocusing value between the light spot emitted by the cladding nozzle 4 and the powder spot emitted by the cladding nozzle 4 is adjusted. The powder utilization rate and the process effect in the cladding operation process are ensured by the bidirectional adjustment of the coaxiality and the defocusing value of the cladding nozzle 4.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 7, the laser cladding apparatus further includes a detachable fixing member 41 and a nozzle mounting portion 42, where the detachable fixing member 41 mounts the cladding nozzle 4 on the barrel 5. The head mounting portion 42 fixes the cartridge 5 to the housing 21 at the light outlet 212.

The head mounting portion 42 is a rotary body having an axial cross section of "Jiong", the head mounting portion 42 is mounted to the case 21 by a screw on an outer side surface, a top surface of the head mounting portion 42 is attached to the case 21, and an opening on a lower surface of the head mounting portion 42 is used for mounting the cylinder 5. Through setting up shower nozzle installation department 42 for can dismantle between cladding shower nozzle 4 and the casing 21, be convenient for clean protective glass 25, and adjust cladding shower nozzle 4's mounted position.

In one example, two end faces of the cylinder 5 are open, the lower end face of the cylinder 5 is used for mounting the cladding nozzle 4, and the upper end face of the cylinder 5 is mounted at the lower end face opening of the nozzle mounting part 42 by screws. The holder 61 has a sheet-like annular structure, the upper end surface of the cylinder 5 is attached to the bottom end surface of the head mounting portion 42 by an axial fixing member, and the annular inner wall surface of the holder 61 abuts against the outer wall surface of the cylinder 5. An annular groove 51 is formed in the outer wall of the cylinder 5, and the inner wall surface of the bracket 61 is engaged with the annular groove 51. The groove width of the annular groove 51 is larger than the thickness of the axial adjusting piece, a certain margin is reserved between the groove depth of the annular groove 51 and the inner wall surface of the support 61, and it is guaranteed that the radial fixing piece 62 and the axial fixing piece cannot be clamped or fall within the stroke range of the screw. Therefore, the purpose of adjusting the defocusing value and the coaxiality of the cladding nozzle 4 can be achieved simultaneously.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6-9, to prevent powder material in the laser cladding apparatus from entering the housing 21, the laser cladding apparatus further comprises a mount 43 and a gas conduit 44; a fixed mount 43 is positioned between the protective glass 25 and the cladding nozzle 4, and a gas pipe 44 is positioned in the fixed mount 43 and the housing 21.

The fixing frame 43 has a substantially cylindrical structure, the upper end surface of the fixing frame 43 is used for mounting the protective glass 25, and the lower end surface of the fixing frame 43 is close to the cladding nozzle 4. A part of the gas duct 44 is opened in the fixing frame 43, a part of the gas duct 44 is also opened in the housing 21, the gas inlet 441 is disposed on the housing 21, and the gas outlet is disposed on the inner wall surface of the fixing frame 43. When the laser cladding equipment works, gas is introduced from the gas inlet 441, and is blown out from the gas outlet after passing through the gas pipelines 44 in the shell 21 and the fixing frame 43 respectively, so that powder materials in the laser cladding equipment are prevented from entering the shell 21.

As a possible implementation manner, as shown in fig. 2, in order to meet the requirement of multi-angle cladding, the laser cladding apparatus further includes an extension bar 7 and a mounting plate 8; the extension bar 7 is disposed between the collimating module 22 and the focusing module 23, and the collimating module 22 is rotatably disposed on the mounting plate 8.

When cladding the inner wall of the deep hole, an extension bar 7 can be arranged between the collimation module 22 and the focusing module 23, so as to increase the depth of the laser cladding equipment capable of entering the deep hole. Meanwhile, the light adjusting device 2 or the collimation module 22 is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate 8 through a bearing, so that the rotation angle of the cladding nozzle 4 relative to the mounting plate 8 is adjusted, and the requirement of multi-angle cladding is met.

In one example, the laser cladding equipment provided by the utility model is also used for laser cladding equipment moving in a narrow space, is suitable for cladding in a narrow semi-open space with the spacing of more than or equal to 180mm and comprises inner hole cladding operation with the inner hole diameter of more than or equal to phi 180, and the applicable laser power is less than or equal to 3 kW. The nozzle can be adapted to a coaxial annular nozzle to realize high-precision surface cladding, or coaxial three points are matched, and a four-point nozzle realizes vertical surface cladding and overhead welding in a narrow space.

In one example, the laser cladding equipment provided by the utility model is used for laser cladding silver alloy on the surface of a large-current aluminum bus connecting terminal. The distance between the binding post to be clad and the outer shell 21 is 260mm, the distance between the upper shell and the lower shell is about 300mm, and the operation space is very narrow. The inner surface and the outer surface of the connecting terminal are required to be clad, the cladding surface is in a vertical state, the cladding material has low laser absorption rate and high cladding power, and higher requirements are provided for the structure and the performance of the laser head. The self-produced three-point laser cladding nozzle assembled by the laser cladding equipment adopts 90-degree horizontal cladding, fully exerts the characteristics of small size, light weight, L-shaped bending and other structural characteristics, and prepares a uniform and stable cladding layer, wherein the cladding process parameters are as follows: 3000W, 15mm/s, 3.5 g/min.

In the foregoing description of embodiments, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A laser cladding device is characterized by comprising a laser generator, a light ray adjusting device, a cooling pipeline and a cladding nozzle; the light ray adjusting device comprises a shell, a collimation module, a focusing module and a reflection module, wherein the collimation module, the focusing module and the reflection module are positioned in the shell; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the shell is provided with a light inlet and a light outlet, a laser emission port of the laser generator is positioned at the light inlet, the collimation module, the focusing module and the reflection module are sequentially distributed along the extension direction of a laser light path emitted by the laser generator, and the cladding nozzle is arranged at the position of the light outlet on the shell; the cooling pipeline is at least positioned in the shell and used for cooling the focusing module and the reflecting module.

2. The laser cladding apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cooling conduit is further located within a cladding nozzle for cooling the cladding nozzle; the cooling pipeline further comprises a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet is located on the shell, and the water outlet is located on the cladding nozzle.

3. The laser cladding apparatus of claim 1, wherein said reflecting module is a mirror; and part of the cooling pipeline is positioned on one side of the reflector, which is far away from the reflecting surface, and part of the cooling pipeline is of a coil structure.

4. The laser cladding apparatus of claim 1, wherein said light adjusting means further comprises a protective mirror, said protective mirror is located at said light exit, and a part of said cooling duct is located in a circumferential direction of said protective mirror.

5. The laser cladding apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a cylinder and a fixing member, wherein the cladding nozzle is disposed on the cylinder, and the fixing member fixes the cylinder at a position of the housing at the light exit.

6. The laser cladding apparatus of claim 5, wherein said fixture comprises a bracket, a radial fixture, and an axial fixture; the outer wall of the barrel is provided with an annular groove surrounding the barrel, the support is in clearance fit with the annular groove, the radial fixing piece is abutted to the barrel through the support, and the axial fixing piece is abutted to the part of the shell, which is positioned at the light outlet, through the support.

7. The laser cladding apparatus of claim 6, wherein the radial fixture is configured to adjust a coaxiality between a spot emitted from the cladding nozzle and a spot emitted from the cladding nozzle; the axial fixing piece is used for adjusting the defocusing value between the light spot emitted by the cladding nozzle and the powder spot emitted by the cladding nozzle.

8. The laser cladding apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a detachable fixture and a nozzle mounting portion, wherein the detachable fixture mounts the cladding nozzle on the barrel; the spray head mounting part fixes the cylinder body on the shell at the light outlet.

9. The laser cladding apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a mount and a gas duct; the fixing frame is located between the protective glass and the cladding nozzle, and the gas pipeline is located in the fixing frame and the shell.

10. The laser cladding apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an extension bar and a mounting plate; the extension bar is arranged between the collimating module and the focusing module, and the light ray adjusting device is rotatably arranged on the mounting plate.

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