CN216392136U

CN216392136U - Grain combine harvester

Info

Publication number: CN216392136U
Application number: CN202123324493.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卢照昕; 贾连辉; 孙恒; 张家年; 郑中山
Original assignee: China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co Ltd CREG
Current assignee: China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co Ltd CREG
Priority date: 2021-12-28
Filing date: 2021-12-28
Publication date: 2022-04-29
Anticipated expiration: 2031-12-28

Abstract

The utility model provides a grain combine harvester, which is used for solving the technical problems that the existing silage harvester can not be directly processed into grains and can not adjust the processing length. The cutting table comprises a cab, wherein a cutting table is arranged in front of the cab, the rear of the cutting table is connected with a feeding device, the feeding device is matched with compression rollers, and crushing cutters are arranged between the compression rollers; the rear end of the compression roller is connected with a dust removal device, the dust removal device is connected with a particle extrusion mechanism, the particle extrusion mechanism is communicated with the material receiving bin, and a length detection sensor is arranged at the lower part of the particle extrusion mechanism. The silage forming machine extrudes silage into formed particles through the power mechanism, can directly realize the deep processing of the silage in the field, can be applied to field silage one-stop forming, saves subsequent processing steps, and can be utilized all year round; and the dust content of the finished product particles is small, the particle length can be adjusted according to different requirements, and the requirements of different types of silage and different types of livestock feeding are met.

Description

Grain combine harvester

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of straw harvesting, in particular to a grain combine harvester.

Background

At present, silage harvesters on the market are mainly divided into two types: one is to cut up the material and throw it to the loading vehicle of the synchronous operation; the other type of the method is to bundle the materials into a cylinder or a cube to be accumulated in the field, so that forage pollution exists, impurities are easy to mix, and subsequent processing can be polluted. An integrated full-flow pollution-free silage processing device is urgently needed.

At present, the cutting length of silage is often fixed for widely used silage harvesters, and the silage harvester can not be adjusted according to different types of feeding livestock and silage, can not meet the requirements of different types of livestock and silage, and needs to improve the universality and adaptability of the silage harvester. And the silage harvesting period is short, the requirements on the quality of the silage, the harvesting time and large-scale operation are high, and the conventional silage harvester cannot meet the requirements on reprocessing of the silage, cleanness, no pollution and size adjustability.

The utility model patent application with publication number CN 108243711 a discloses a grain combine harvester for pressing straws into granular materials, wherein grain crops harvested by a harvesting header are sent into a threshing chamber through a feeding conveyer belt, after being threshed by a threshing cylinder, the grains are sent into a grain storage box, the straws are cut and crushed by a cutter on a crushing cylinder, then are concentrated backwards by an output channel into a straw collecting pipe, then enter a straw granulating cylinder through the collecting pipe, and are pressed into granules through water spraying and stirring. The process needs granulation and water spraying treatment, the processing procedure is complex, and the particle length can not be adjusted.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a particle combine harvester, which can directly process silage into particles and can process the silage into particle silage with different lengths.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is realized as follows: a grain combine harvester comprises a cab, wherein a header is arranged in front of the cab, the rear of the header is connected with a feeding device, the feeding device is matched with compression rollers, and crushing cutters are arranged between the compression rollers; the rear end of the compression roller is connected with a dust removal device, the dust removal device is connected with a particle extrusion mechanism, the particle extrusion mechanism is communicated with the material receiving bin, and a length detection sensor is arranged at the lower part of the particle extrusion mechanism.

Preferably, the dust removing device is connected with the particle extruding mechanism through a feeding and conveying auger. The material after dust removal is conveniently conveyed to the particle extrusion mechanism through the feeding conveying auger.

Preferably, the particle extrusion mechanism comprises a forage tank, one end of the forage tank is connected with the power mechanism through a pressing block, the other end of the forage tank is provided with a particle forming mechanism, the lower part of the particle forming mechanism is communicated with the material receiving bin, and the lower end of the particle forming mechanism is provided with a length detection sensor. The motive mechanism conveys the materials to the particle forming mechanism, and the particle length is adjusted through the length detection sensor.

Preferably, the particle forming mechanism comprises a sieve plate and a particle forming pipe, the sieve plate is arranged at the other end of the forage tank, a forming pipe orifice is arranged on the sieve plate, and the forming pipe orifice is communicated with one end of the particle forming pipe; the other end of the particle forming pipe is provided with a baffle, a particle cutting disc is installed on the baffle, and a cutter is arranged on the particle cutting disc.

Preferably, the power mechanism is a hydraulic mechanism, a link mechanism or a cam mechanism. The power is transmitted downwards through the pressing block by a hydraulic mechanism, a link mechanism or a cam mechanism.

Preferably, the hydraulic mechanism comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder, a piston is arranged in the hydraulic oil cylinder, the piston is connected with one end of an oil cylinder push rod, the other end of the oil cylinder push rod is connected with a pressing block, and the pressing block is movably arranged in the forage cylinder; and a displacement sensor for detecting the stroke of the piston is arranged at the end part of the hydraulic oil cylinder.

Preferably, the baffle is provided with a through hole matched with the particle forming pipe, the hydraulic oil cylinder is provided with an oil inlet and outlet, and a pipeline connected with the oil inlet and outlet is provided with an electromagnetic valve.

Preferably, the feed inlet of the forage cylinder is connected with the discharge outlet of the feeding and conveying auger; the lower part of the feed inlet is provided with a feed switch, the feed switch is connected with a controller, and the controller controls the feed switch to realize the conveying of materials into the forage cylinder.

Preferably, the controller is respectively connected with the length detection sensor, the displacement sensor of the power mechanism, the electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic oil cylinder and the cutter on the particle cutting disc of the particle forming mechanism.

Preferably, a reel is arranged above the cutting table and connected with the feeding device. The reel and the straw feeding device rotate synchronously, so that the straws can be conveyed conveniently.

Preferably, the dust collector sets up in the rear of driver's cabin, and the dust collector is connected with the rear end of compression roller through the collection device of slope to convey the material after preliminary extrusion of compression roller and cutting to dust collector.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the silage is extruded into the formed particles through the power mechanism, the silage can be directly deeply processed in the field, the silage can be applied to field silage one-stop forming, the subsequent processing steps are saved, and the silage can be utilized all year round; and the dust content of the finished product is small, the particle length can be adjusted according to different requirements, and the requirements of different types of silage and different types of livestock feeding are met.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the pellet pressing mechanism shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sieve plate of the utility model.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the pellet cutting disk in fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a control schematic diagram of the present invention.

In the figure, 1-forage cylinder, 2-feed inlet, 3-feed switch, 4-oil cylinder push rod, 5-hydraulic oil cylinder, 6-displacement sensor, 7-piston, 8-oil inlet and outlet, 9-particle forming pipe, 10-particle forming pipe baffle, 11-particle cutting disc, 12-forage cylinder sieve plate, 13-forming pipe orifice, 14-material receiving bin, 15-collecting device, 16-crushing cutter, 17-straw, 18-compression roller, 19-feeding device, 20-cutting table, 21-reel, 22-cab, 23-dust removing device, 24-feeding conveying auger, 25-length detecting sensor and 26-cutter.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, a combine harvester for grain includes a cab 22 for driving by a driver to achieve harvesting of silage and grain output. The header 20 is arranged in front of the cab 22, and the header 20 is arranged at the foremost end of the whole device and is positioned obliquely below the cab 22, so that ensilage harvesting is facilitated. And the header 20 is rotatably connected with the lower part of the cab, so that the height of the header can be conveniently adjusted according to the height of the silage. The rear part of the cutting table 20 is connected with a feeding device 19, the feeding device 19 is arranged at the rear part of the cutting table, and the feeding device 19 conveys the straws cut off by the cutting table to the rear end. A reel wheel 21 is arranged above the cutting table 20, the reel wheel 21 conveys the straws to the feeding device 19, the reel wheel 21 is connected with the feeding device 19, and the reel wheel 21 and the feeding device 19 are driven by the same driving force, so that the straws can be conveyed synchronously. The driving force is from the power of the harvester, namely a diesel engine, and the part needing the power is obtained from the diesel engine through a power take-off box or a universal coupling. The feeding device 19 is an inclined conveying belt, so that the straws can be conveniently conveyed backwards. The feeding device 19 is matched with the compression rollers 18, and a crushing cutter 16 is arranged between the compression rollers 18; through two upper and lower rows of compression rollers 18 to straw 17 fix a position and convey, broken cutting knife 16 is the segment straw of 3~5cm with the straw cutting, and the segment straw after the dissection conveys backward through the compression roller. The rear end of the compression roller 18 is connected with a dust removal device 23, the dust removal device 23 is generally a blower and can blow out the straws with lighter weight and leave the impurities with heavier weight at the lower part, so that the straws after impurity removal are conveyed to the forage tank 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, the dust removing device 23 is disposed behind the cab 22, the dust removing device 23 is connected to the rear end of the press roll 18 through the inclined collecting device 15, and the rear half of the press roll 18 is inclined upward to be adapted to the collecting device 15. The collecting device 15 is a spiral conveyer belt, an elevator or a spiral auger, so that the small sections of straws are conveyed into the dust removing device 23.

The middle part of the dust removing device 23 is connected with a particle extruding mechanism through a feeding conveying auger 24, the particle extruding mechanism is communicated with the material receiving bin 14, and the lower part of the particle extruding mechanism is provided with a length detection sensor 25. The feeding and conveying auger 24 is inclined downwards, so that the straws output by the dust removal device 23 are conveyed to the particle extrusion mechanism, the particle extrusion mechanism extrudes and cuts small segments of particles into particles, the length detection sensor 25 is used for detecting the length of the output extruded particles, and then the particles cut into a certain length are conveyed to the material receiving bin 14. Straw that header 20 and reel 21 were reaped is sent to broken part through material feeding unit 19, and the straw is through compression roller 18 extrusion, and the breakage is adjusted cutter speed according to different length demands and is cut into the segment with the straw, carries to dust collector 23 through collection device 15 and removes dust, and the straw accessible pay-off conveying auger 24 after the dust removal edulcoration sends to the feed inlet 2 of forage jar 1.

As shown in fig. 2, the particle extruding mechanism includes a forage tank 1, the forage tank 1 is a generating mechanism, one end of the forage tank 1 is connected with a power mechanism, and the power mechanism is a hydraulic mechanism, so as to extrude the material. The other end of the forage tank 1 is provided with a particle forming mechanism, the lower part of the particle forming mechanism is communicated with the material receiving bin 14, and the lower end of the particle forming mechanism is provided with a length detection sensor 25. The pellet forming mechanism extrudes the material into a cylinder and cuts the material into pellets.

The particle forming mechanism comprises a sieve plate 12 and a particle forming pipe 9, the sieve plate 12 is arranged at the other end of the forage tank 1, as shown in fig. 3, a forming pipe orifice 13 is arranged on the sieve plate 12, the forming pipe orifice 13 is communicated with one end of the particle forming pipe 9, i.e. the number and the size of the forming pipe orifices 13 are consistent with those of the particle forming pipe 9; the particle forming pipe 9 extrudes the crushed straws in the forage tank 1 into a cylinder shape. The other end of the particle forming pipe 9 is provided with a baffle 10, the baffle 10 is provided with a particle cutting disc 11, the outer diameter of the particle cutting disc 11 is the same as that of the baffle 10, as shown in fig. 4, the particle cutting disc 11 is provided with a cutter 26, and the cutter 26 is used for cutting the cylindrical straw output by the particle forming pipe 9 into particles with proper size. The baffle 10 is provided with a through hole matched with the particle forming pipe 9, and the baffle 10 is fixedly connected with the particle forming pipe 9 through the through hole. The particle cutting disc 11 is provided with a miniature driving motor, and the cutting knife 26 is driven to rotate by the driving motor, so that the material output by the particle forming tube 9 is cut. The driving motor is connected with the cutter 26 through a rotating shaft, so as to drive the cutter to rotate. The particle cutting disc 11 can also directly take power from the engine of the harvester without using a motor. The cutter 26 is a cross-shaped cutter or a herringbone cutter, and both sides of the cutter are provided with cutting edges, so that the straw output from the baffle plate 10 is cut into particles.

When the particles are produced, the cutter 26 rotates by a certain angle, and the cutter 26 is located at the position of the hole gap of the baffle 10 and is also the initial position of the cutter 26. When the length detection sensor 25 detects that the particle length meets the production requirement, the hydraulic oil cylinder 5 stops acting, the cutter 26 rotates for a certain angle to cut off the material at the outlet of the baffle 10, the material is cut off, after the material is cut off, the hydraulic oil cylinder 5 continues to move, the material is repeatedly and periodically operated, and the length of the material particles is adjustable.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, the hydraulic mechanism of the power mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder 5, a piston 7 is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder 5, the piston 7 is connected with one end of a cylinder push rod 4, the other end of the cylinder push rod 4 is connected with a press block, and the press block is disposed in the forage tank 1. The forage tank 1 is connected with the hydraulic oil cylinder 5 through the oil cylinder push rod 4, the hydraulic oil cylinder 5 provides power to drive the oil cylinder push rod 4 to move up and down, and therefore the pressing block is driven to convey the materials in the forage tank 1 downwards to the particle forming pipe 9. The end part of the hydraulic oil cylinder 5 is provided with a displacement sensor 6 for detecting the piston stroke, the hydraulic oil cylinder 5 is provided with an oil inlet and outlet 8, and a pipeline connected with the oil inlet and outlet 8 is provided with an electromagnetic valve. Whether the piston 7 is in place or not is detected through the displacement sensor 6, so that hydraulic oil at two ends of the piston is adjusted through the oil inlet and outlet 8, the piston 7 is pushed to move downwards, the oil cylinder push rod 4 is driven to move downwards, and therefore materials in the straw pressing cylinder 1 are extruded by the pressing block and conveyed to the particle forming pipe 9. Two displacement sensors 6 are arranged on the hydraulic oil cylinder 5 and used for judging whether an oil cylinder piston 7 is in place or not, and the two displacement sensors 6 are respectively positioned at the upper part and the lower part of the hydraulic oil cylinder 5, namely respectively detecting whether the piston moves to the upper part or the lower part of the hydraulic oil cylinder. The initialization sequence is such that the piston 7 is at the bottom or upper portion of the hydraulic ram 5. The piston of the hydraulic oil cylinder 5 is controlled to move in a stretching mode by controlling the flow of the hydraulic oil of the oil inlet and outlet 8.

Furthermore, the utility model can comprise a particle extrusion mechanism consisting of two or more groups of hydraulic oil cylinders and a forage cylinder, and the hydraulic mechanism can be replaced by a link mechanism or a cam mechanism to drive the pressing block. The forage jar 1 also can set up to the both ends ejection of compact, and the process return stroke can all realize the ejection of compact, promotes work efficiency. The hydraulic cylinder 5 of the present invention may also be an electric cylinder or an air cylinder, realizing a driving piston. The pellet-forming tube of the present invention may be cylindrical or prismatic. The particle cutting disc is provided with the cutter, and can also be provided with the particle cutting disc which has the same shape as the baffle, when the discharge hole of the particle cutting disc is completely aligned with the discharge hole of the baffle, the material is discharged, and when the discharge hole of the particle cutting disc and the discharge hole of the baffle rotate from being completely aligned to being blocked, the material is cut off.

Further, a feed inlet 2 of the forage cylinder 1 is connected with a discharge outlet of the feeding and conveying auger 24, the feed inlet 2 is arranged at the side part of the forage cylinder 1, and the pressing block is positioned above the feed inlet when the piston 7 is positioned at the top; the lower part of the feed inlet 2 is provided with a feed switch 3, the feed switch 3 is connected with a controller, and the controller controls the feed switch to realize whether to open the feed inlet or not and whether to convey materials to a forage tank or not.

As shown in fig. 5, the controller is respectively connected with the length detection sensor 25, the displacement sensor 6 of the power mechanism, the electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic oil cylinder 5 and the cutter 26 on the particle cutting disc 11 of the particle forming mechanism, and the automatic control of the whole device is realized through the controller.

When the device works, a program is initialized, the piston 7 returns to the bottom, namely the uppermost part, of the hydraulic oil cylinder 5, the feeding switch 3 is opened, materials enter the forage cylinder 1 through the feeding conveying auger 24, after the forage cylinder 1 is fully filled with the materials after time delay is set, the hydraulic oil cylinder 5 pushes a pressing block, namely the piston, in the forage cylinder 1 to move through the oil cylinder push rod 4, the pressing block extrudes the materials to sequentially pass through the sieve plate 12, the particle forming pipe 9, the baffle plate 10 and the particle cutting disc 11, and the materials finally reach the material receiving bin 14 after being cut off by the cutter. When the displacement sensor at the lower part of the hydraulic oil cylinder 5 detects that the piston 7 is in place, the hydraulic oil cylinder returns, and then the steps are continuously repeated. The discharging speed and the length of discharged particles can be obtained through the length detection sensor 25, the driving motor or the engine is controlled by the controller according to the requirement to rotate the cutter 26 to cut off the particles, products with different lengths can be obtained, and the length of the products can be adjusted.

The distance from the baffle 10 to the length detection sensor 25 is fixed and set to a, and assuming that the length detection sensor 25 reads b for the first time and c for the second time, the material length is L = c-b + a, so that the controller can calculate the length of the particle discharge. The length detection sensor can directly read data, and the length detection sensor can improve detection precision in cooperation with the displacement sensor.

Furthermore, a pressure sensor can be arranged in the particle forming pipe 9 to detect the pressure and the density of the finished product of the material. The additive can be added through the feeding and conveying auger 24, so that the anaerobic fermentation efficiency and the organic matter conversion efficiency of the silage are improved.

The utility model utilizes the power mechanism to extrude the cut straws into granules, realizes the field full-flow processing from harvesting to finished products, saves the processing steps, has high finished product density, is pollution-free and is easy to store; and the size of the finished product is adjustable, so that the requirements of different types of silage and different types of livestock feeding are met.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A grain combine harvester comprises a cab (22), a cutting table (20) is arranged in front of the cab (22), and the rear of the cutting table (20) is connected with a feeding device (19), and is characterized in that the feeding device (19) is matched with compression rollers (18), and a crushing cutter (16) is arranged between the compression rollers (18); the rear end of the compression roller (18) is connected with a dust removal device (23), the dust removal device (23) is connected with a particle extrusion mechanism, the particle extrusion mechanism is communicated with the material receiving bin (14), and a length detection sensor (25) is arranged at the lower part of the particle extrusion mechanism.

2. The grain combine harvester according to claim 1, wherein the dust removing device (23) is connected to the grain pressing mechanism by a feeding conveyor auger (24).

3. The grain combine harvester according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grain extrusion mechanism comprises a grain tank (1), one end of the grain tank (1) is connected with the power mechanism through a pressing block, the other end of the grain tank (1) is provided with a grain forming mechanism, the lower part of the grain forming mechanism is communicated with the material receiving bin (14), and the lower end of the grain forming mechanism is provided with a length detection sensor (25).

4. The grain combine harvester according to claim 3, wherein the grain forming mechanism comprises a sieve plate (12) and a grain forming pipe (9), the sieve plate (12) is arranged at the other end of the forage tank (1), a forming pipe orifice (13) is arranged on the sieve plate (12), and the forming pipe orifice (13) is communicated with one end of the grain forming pipe (9); the other end of the particle forming pipe (9) is provided with a baffle (10), a particle cutting disc (11) is installed on the baffle (10), and a cutter (26) is arranged on the particle cutting disc (11).

5. The grain combine according to claim 4, wherein the power mechanism is a hydraulic mechanism, a linkage mechanism, or a cam mechanism.

6. The grain combine harvester according to claim 5, wherein the hydraulic mechanism comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder (5), a piston (7) is arranged in the hydraulic oil cylinder (5), the piston (7) is connected with one end of an oil cylinder push rod (4), the other end of the oil cylinder push rod (4) is connected with a pressing block, and the pressing block is arranged in the forage cylinder (1); and a displacement sensor (6) for detecting the stroke of the piston (7) is arranged at the end part of the hydraulic oil cylinder (5).

7. The grain combine harvester according to claim 6, wherein the baffle (10) is provided with a through hole matched with the grain forming pipe (9), the hydraulic oil cylinder (5) is provided with an oil inlet and outlet (8), and a pipeline connected with the oil inlet and outlet (8) is provided with an electromagnetic valve.

8. The grain combine harvester according to claim 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the feed inlet (2) of the forage tank (1) is connected with the discharge outlet of the feeding and conveying auger (24); the lower part of the feed inlet (2) is provided with a feed switch (3), and the feed switch (3) is connected with a controller.

9. The grain combine harvester according to claim 8, wherein the controller is connected with a length detection sensor (25), a displacement sensor (6) of the power mechanism, an electromagnetic valve of the hydraulic oil cylinder (5) and a cutter (26) on a grain cutting disc (11) of the grain forming mechanism respectively.

10. The grain combine harvester according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that a reel (21) is arranged above the header (20), and the reel (21) is connected with the feeding device (19).

11. Combine harvester according to claim 1 or 9, characterised in that the dust removal device (23) is arranged behind the cab (22), the dust removal device (23) being connected to the rear end of the press roll (18) by means of an inclined collecting device (15).