CN216247867U - Experimental device for be used for evaluating fracturing fluid elasticity and take sand ability - Google Patents
Experimental device for be used for evaluating fracturing fluid elasticity and take sand ability Download PDFInfo
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- CN216247867U CN216247867U CN202122524218.5U CN202122524218U CN216247867U CN 216247867 U CN216247867 U CN 216247867U CN 202122524218 U CN202122524218 U CN 202122524218U CN 216247867 U CN216247867 U CN 216247867U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an experimental device for evaluating the elastic sand carrying capacity of a fracturing fluid, which comprises a circulating pump, a flowmeter, a standard hose and an elastic sand carrying groove, wherein the circulating pump is connected with the flowmeter; the elastic sand carrying groove comprises a transparent groove body with an opening, the opening of the transparent groove body is connected with an upper cover plate which can be opened and closed, the upper cover plate is provided with a hole, and two opposite side walls of the transparent groove body are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet; two plates with the same size are symmetrically and obliquely arranged on two sides of the inlet in the transparent groove body, so that a trapezoidal inlet is formed at the inlet end in the transparent groove body; one end of the standard hose is communicated with the inlet of the transparent groove body through the circulating pump, and the outlet of the transparent groove body is communicated with the other end of the standard hose through the flowmeter. The device can simulate the horizontal migration process of the propping agent in the fracture under the condition of being closer to the real situation of the site, and can reduce the influence of the flow velocity in other directions except the horizontal direction; and the device is simple to manufacture and convenient to popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an experimental device for evaluating elastic sand carrying capacity of a fracturing fluid, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing.
Background
With the large-scale development of unconventional oil and gas resources, slickwater hydraulic fracturing is gradually an important means, and although the slickwater hydraulic fracturing has excellent drag reduction performance, a large amount of propping agent needs to be pumped to prop a fracture generated by fracturing so as to keep the fracture in an open state, so that the evaluation of the sand carrying capacity of the slickwater fracturing fluid is important.
However, the conventional evaluation apparatus and method still have the following problems: (1) when an existing sand-carrying fracture model is used for experiments, liquid is usually injected downwards from the upper part of the front end of an injection end, the shear flow rate in the vertical direction is different from the horizontal flow direction of the sand-carrying liquid in a site fracturing fracture; (2) most of the sand-carrying fracture models are cuboid grooves, and the flow state is not stable enough when fluid flows, so that phenomena such as turbulence and the like often occur; (3) in the existing device, in order to fix a slit plate rubbed in a model and solve the pressure bearing problem, the periphery of the model is usually fixed by a frame and cannot be opened, the model is easily blocked when less propping agents are observed to move, only sand-carrying liquid with a certain sand ratio can be observed, and the cleaning is also troublesome;
in addition, a large number of field and indoor tests prove that the viscosity is not necessarily a determining factor of the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid, different fracturing fluids with the same viscosity have different proppant settling times and more obvious dynamic sand carrying phenomenon, and some researches believe that the elastic sand carrying has a main effect; the horizontal migration of the propping agents (such as sand grains and the like) after entering the fracture is obviously different from the vertical migration in the shaft, but at present, a laboratory only simulates a settling sand carrying experiment in the shaft through devices such as a measuring cylinder and the like, and an experimental device for simulating and evaluating dynamic elastic sand carrying in the fracture is lacked, particularly a device for evaluating the horizontal migration of the sand grains in the fracture is lacked.
Therefore, providing a novel experimental device for evaluating the elastic sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings, the utility model aims to provide an experimental device for evaluating the elastic sand carrying capacity of a fracturing fluid. The device provided by the utility model can simulate the horizontal migration process of the propping agent in the crack under the condition of being closer to the real situation of the field, and can reduce the influence of the flow velocity in other directions except the horizontal direction; the device can also observe and evaluate the dynamic elastic sand carrying capacity of a small amount of proppant, even single-particle proppant, and is convenient to clean.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus for evaluating the elastic sand-carrying capacity of a fracturing fluid, wherein the apparatus comprises: the device comprises a circulating pump, a flowmeter, a standard hose and an elastic sand carrying groove;
the elastic sand carrying groove comprises a transparent groove body with an opening, the opening of the transparent groove body is connected with an upper cover plate which can be opened and closed, the upper cover plate is provided with a hole, and two opposite side walls of the transparent groove body are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet;
two plates with the same size are symmetrically and obliquely arranged on two sides of the inlet in the transparent groove body, the height of the plates is the same as that of the transparent groove body, and the two plates are also fixedly connected with two side walls which are not provided with the inlet and the outlet in the transparent groove body respectively, so that a trapezoidal inlet is formed at the inlet end in the transparent groove body;
one end of the standard hose is communicated with the inlet of the transparent groove body through the circulating pump, and the outlet of the transparent groove body is communicated with the other end of the standard hose through the flowmeter.
As a specific example of the above device of the present invention, the transparent tank body is a rectangular parallelepiped tank. According to the utility model, the transparent groove body is a cuboid groove, so that the migration distance of the propping agent in the transparent groove body can be observed more conveniently.
As a specific example of the above device of the present invention, an angle formed between the plate and a side wall of the transparent tank body, in which the inlet is provided, is 15 ° to 75 °.
The two plates used in the utility model are necessarily symmetrically and obliquely arranged in the transparent groove body, the two sides of the inlet are provided, and the sizes of the two plates are completely the same. Except convenient processing, the direction and the flow state of water flow can be influenced by using two plates with different sizes, and then an experimental result is influenced.
In addition, the height of the two plates used in the utility model is the same as that of the transparent tank body, so that the liquid added into the transparent tank body is prevented from exceeding the height of the plates; the two plates are respectively fixedly connected with the two side walls which are not provided with the inlet and the outlet in the transparent groove body, so that the flow direction of a gap between the two side walls which are not provided with the inlet and the outlet in the transparent groove body along the two plates can be generated when the added liquid flows, and the experimental result is further influenced.
In some embodiments, the plate may be adhered to the transparent tank body by glue or the like, and may be symmetrically and obliquely disposed at both sides of the inlet inside the transparent tank body.
As a specific example of the device described above, the inlet and the outlet are respectively disposed at the central positions of the two opposite sidewalls of the transparent tank, that is, the inlet and the outlet have the same height and are both half of the height of the transparent tank, at this time, the device is simple to manufacture and easy to popularize, and the operation is simpler when the device is used for evaluating the elastic sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid, and the influence of the inlet and outlet heights of the fracturing fluid on the experimental result can be eliminated.
As a specific example of the above device of the present invention, scales are marked in the length direction of the transparent tank. The precision of the scales can be reasonably set by a person skilled in the art according to the actual operation needs on site, for example, in some specific embodiments of the utility model, the precision is 1.0cm, and the distance can be conveniently observed and measured.
As a specific example of the above-mentioned device of the present invention, the flow rate of the circulation pump is 0-2 m3The power is 0.37-75 kW, the rotating speed is 2900r/min, and the caliber is 25-50 mm.
As a specific example of the above device of the present invention, the flow meter is an electromagnetic flow meter. In some embodiments of the utility model, the electromagnetic flowmeter is used in a range of 0.5m/s to 10 m/s.
As a specific example of the above device of the present invention, the diameter of the standard hose is 25 to 50 mm.
As a specific example of the above device of the present invention, the inlet and the outlet are respectively connected to an inlet connection pipe and an outlet connection pipe, and the inlet connection pipe and the outlet connection pipe extend into the transparent tank. In some embodiments of the utility model, the inlet and outlet connection tubes are each 25mm in diameter.
As a specific example of the above device of the present invention, the hole is disposed at the middle of the upper cover plate in the width direction and is located right above the inlet connection pipe extending into the transparent tank, so as to facilitate the addition of the proppant.
In the device provided by the utility model, the hole is arranged in the middle of the upper cover plate in the width direction, and the inlet and the outlet are respectively arranged in the center positions of the two opposite side walls of the transparent groove body.
The circulating pump, the flowmeter, the standard hose, the plate, the elastic sand carrying groove and the like used by the device are conventional equipment.
The experimental device for evaluating the elastic sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid provided by the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:
the experimental device provided by the utility model can be used for evaluating the elastic sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid, and the sand carrying settlement condition under the condition of horizontal migration can be simulated by accurately observing and measuring the transparent elastic sand carrying groove in the experimental process; in addition, the inlet end of the transparent elastic sand carrying groove is trapezoidal, so that the condition that the flow velocity state of water flow is inconsistent due to too wide inlet can be avoided; meanwhile, the inlet end and the outlet end are arranged at the right middle height of the two opposite side walls of the transparent elastic sand carrying groove, so that the influence of the flow of water flow in the longitudinal direction can be reduced, and the elastic sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid under different flow rates can be obtained when the propping agent horizontally moves in a fracturing fracture.
Meanwhile, the device provided by the utility model is simple to operate, has the characteristics of large scale and visualization, can directly observe the experimental process by naked eyes, analyzes experimental phenomena and rules, can provide a basis for optimizing fracturing engineering parameters, and is simple to manufacture and convenient to popularize.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for evaluating the elastic sand-carrying capacity of a fracturing fluid provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an elastic sand-carrying groove in an experimental apparatus for evaluating the elastic sand-carrying capability of a fracturing fluid provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3a is a front view of an elastic sand-carrying groove in an experimental apparatus for evaluating the elastic sand-carrying capability of a fracturing fluid according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3b is a top view of an elastic sand-carrying groove in the experimental apparatus for evaluating the elastic sand-carrying capability of the fracturing fluid according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3c is a left side view of an elastic sand-carrying groove in the experimental apparatus for evaluating the elastic sand-carrying capability of the fracturing fluid provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the viscoelastic modulus of two slickwater fracturing fluids of similar viscosity in a particular application of the present invention.
The main reference numbers illustrate:
1. a circulation pump;
2. an electromagnetic flow meter;
3. a standard hose;
4. an elastic sand carrying groove;
401. a transparent tank body;
402. an upper cover plate;
403. a hole;
404. a trapezoidal inlet;
405. an outlet connection pipe;
406. inlet connecting pipe
407. And (7) a board.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the term "comprises/comprising" and any variations thereof in the description and claims of this invention and the above-described drawings is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "center", "front" and "rear" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the utility model and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meanings of these terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
The "ranges" disclosed herein are given as lower and upper limits. There may be one or more lower limits, and one or more upper limits, respectively. The given range is defined by the selection of a lower limit and an upper limit. The selected lower and upper limits define the boundaries of the particular range. All ranges defined in this manner are combinable, i.e., any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, ranges of 60 to 120 and 80 to 110 are listed for particular parameters, with the understanding that ranges of 60 to 110 and 80 to 120 are also contemplated. Further, if the minimum range values listed are 1 and 2 and the maximum range values listed are 3, 4, and 5, then the following ranges are all contemplated: 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4 and 2 to 5.
In the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "a-b" represents a shorthand representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, the numerical range of "0 to 5" indicates that all real numbers between "0 to 5" have been listed in the present invention, and "0 to 5" is only a shorthand representation of the combination of these numerical values.
In the present invention, all the embodiments and preferred embodiments mentioned in the present invention may be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, if not specifically stated.
In the present invention, all the technical features mentioned in the present invention and preferred features may be combined with each other to form a new technical solution, if not specifically stated.
The following detailed description of the embodiments and the advantages of the present invention will be made through the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, which are provided to help the reader to better understand the essence and the features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementable scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an experimental device for evaluating elastic sand carrying capacity of a fracturing fluid, a structural schematic diagram of which is shown in fig. 1, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the experimental device comprises: the device comprises a circulating pump 1, an electromagnetic flowmeter 2, a standard hose 3 and an elastic sand carrying groove 4;
the structural schematic diagram and the three views (front view, top view and left view) of the elastic sand carrying tank 4 are respectively shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3 a-fig. 3c, and as can be seen from fig. 2 and fig. 3 a-fig. 3c, the elastic sand carrying tank 4 is a rectangular parallelepiped tank, and includes a transparent tank body 401 having an opening, the opening of the transparent tank body 401 is connected with an upper cover plate 402 that can be opened and closed, the upper cover plate 402 is provided with a hole 403, two opposite side walls of the transparent tank body 401 are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet and the outlet are respectively connected with an inlet connecting pipe 406 and an outlet connecting pipe 405, and an outlet end of the inlet connecting pipe 406 and an inlet end of the outlet connecting pipe 405 both extend into the transparent tank body 401;
two plates 407 with the same size are symmetrically and obliquely arranged in the transparent tank body 401 at two sides of the inlet, the height of the two plates 407 is the same as that of the transparent tank body 401, and the two plates 407 are further fixedly connected with two side walls, not provided with the inlet and the outlet, in the transparent tank body 401, namely the front and rear side walls shown in fig. 1, respectively, so as to form a trapezoidal inlet 404 at the inlet end in the transparent tank body 401;
one end of the standard hose 3 is communicated with an inlet connecting pipe 406 of the transparent tank body 401 through a circulating pump 1, and an outlet connecting pipe 405 of the transparent tank body 401 is communicated with the other end of the standard hose 3 through an electromagnetic flowmeter 2.
In this embodiment, the angle between the plate 407 and the side wall of the transparent tank 401 where the inlet is disposed is 60 °.
In this embodiment, the inlet and the outlet are respectively disposed at the center of two opposite sidewalls of the transparent tank 401.
In this embodiment, the length direction of the transparent tank body 401 is marked with scales, and the precision of the scales is 1.0cm, so that the distance can be observed and measured conveniently.
In this embodiment, the flow rate of the circulating pump 1 is 0-2 m3The power is 0.37-75 kW, the rotating speed is 2900r/min, and the caliber is 25 mm.
In the embodiment, the use range of the electromagnetic flowmeter 2 is 0.5m/s to 10 m/s.
In this embodiment, the standard hose 3 has a diameter of 25mm, and the inlet connection pipe 406 and the outlet connection pipe 405 have a diameter of 25 mm.
In this embodiment, the hole 403 is disposed at the middle of the upper cover plate 402 in the width direction and is located right above the inlet connection pipe 406 extending into the transparent tank 401.
In this embodiment, the transparent tank 401, the upper cover plate 402 and the two plates 407 are all made of acrylic, which is a polymer polymerized from Methyl Methacrylate (MMA), i.e. polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA); the acrylic material has good light transmission, long service life, low price and convenient processing and forming.
The experimental device for evaluating the elastic sand-carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid provided in the embodiment 1 can be used for performing simulation evaluation on the elastic sand-carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid, and comprises the following steps:
step (1): preparing the required fracturing fluid with certain concentration and dosage according to experimental and field requirements, opening an upper cover plate of a transparent tank body, pouring the fracturing fluid into the transparent tank body, enabling the fracturing fluid to exceed an inlet connecting pipe and an outlet connecting pipe by 3-5 cm, and then closing the upper cover plate;
step (2): starting a circulating pump, and adjusting the frequency of the circulating pump to enable the flow of the fracturing fluid to meet the requirements required by the experiment;
and (3): preparing proppant pellets with different diameters (the proppant pellets are convenient to observe) according to experimental requirements, wherein the proppant pellets are made of plastic materials, and the proppant pellets are dyed black in advance in order to ensure clearer observation;
and (4): proppant pellets with different diameters required by laboratories are put into the transparent groove body through the hole of the upper cover plate;
and (5): observing horizontal migration routes, namely settlement routes, of the proppant pellets with different diameters in the transparent tank body, recording the whole process by using a high-definition camera, and measuring the distance of the settled proppant pellets;
and (6): by comparing the horizontal migration condition and the sand carrying sedimentation condition of the proppant pellets with different diameters, the elastic sand carrying capacities of different fracturing fluids under different flow rates can be compared, so that the laying and guidance can be performed for the next sand carrying fluid migration experiment with a certain sand ratio.
To further illustrate the simulation evaluation of the elastic sand-carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid by using the experimental device for evaluating the elastic sand-carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid provided in example 1, the simulation evaluation process is described in detail below by taking three proppant pellets with different diameters and two different fracturing fluids as examples.
The parameters of three different proppant pellets used in the simulation evaluation process are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 correlation of parameters for three proppant pellets of different diameters
| Serial number | Mass m (g) | Diameter d (cm) | Volume V (cm)3) | Density rho (g/cm)3) |
| 1 | 6.96 | 2.2 | 5.5753 | 1.2484 |
| 2 | 3.67 | 1.8 | 3.0536 | 1.2018 |
| 3 | 2.38 | 1.5 | 1.7671 | 1.3468 |
The two different fracturing fluids used in the simulation evaluation process are slickwater CNI (the manufacturer is Beijing Ke Maishi oil field chemical technology company, the main components of which comprise polyacrylamide and water) and EM30S (the manufacturer is West Anchang Geng chemical industry group company, the manufacturer is an underground auxiliary agent company, the main components of which comprise polyacrylamide and water), the viscosities of the slickwater CNI and the slickwater EM30S after liquid preparation are both 20mPa · s, the viscoelastic modulus test curves of the slickwater CNI and the slickwater are viscoelastic fluids as shown in figure 4, but the viscoelastic modulus intersection point of the CNI system is lower, which shows that the viscoelastic modulus is higher, especially the elastic modulus is higher, and the slickwater CNI system is proved to have better elastic sand carrying capacity.
For the above two different viscoelastic fluids with similar viscosities, the horizontal migration of proppant pellets with different diameters (densities) shown in table 1 in the two slickwater systems was observed and compared at a flow rate of 3L/min for the viscoelastic fluids, and the results are shown in tables 2-3 below.
TABLE 2 migration distance of pellets in CNI System
| Serial number | Density (g/cm)3) | Mean shift distance, |
| 1 | 1.2484 | 21 |
| 2 | 1.2018 | 22 |
| 3 | 1.3468 | 20 |
TABLE 3 migration distance of pellets in EM30S system
Comparing tables 2 to 3, it can be found that: in the slick water of the CNI system, the migration distance of the proppant pellets is farther, and the migration distance is slightly changed along with the difference of the density of the proppant pellets, which is undoubtedly in accordance with the change trend of the viscoelastic modulus curve shown in FIG. 4 and belongs to elastic sand carrying.
In summary, the experimental device for evaluating the elastic sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid provided by the embodiment of the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:
the experimental device provided by the embodiment of the utility model can be used for evaluating the elastic sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid, and the sand carrying settlement condition under the condition of horizontal migration can be simulated by accurately observing and measuring the transparent elastic sand carrying groove in the experimental process; in addition, the inlet end of the transparent elastic sand carrying groove is trapezoidal, so that the condition that the flow velocity state of water flow is inconsistent due to too wide inlet can be avoided; meanwhile, the inlet end and the outlet end are arranged at the right middle height of the two opposite side walls of the transparent elastic sand carrying groove, so that the influence of the flow of water flow in the longitudinal direction can be reduced, and the elastic sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid under different flow rates can be obtained when the propping agent horizontally moves in a fracturing fracture.
Meanwhile, the device provided by the embodiment of the utility model is simple to operate, has the characteristics of large scale and visualization, can directly observe the experimental process by naked eyes, analyzes the experimental phenomenon and law, can provide a basis for optimizing fracturing engineering parameters, and is simple to manufacture and convenient to popularize.
The above description is only exemplary of the utility model and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the utility model, so that the utility model is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents of the embodiments, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental apparatus for evaluating the elastic sand-carrying capacity of a fracturing fluid, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a circulating pump, a flowmeter, a standard hose and an elastic sand carrying groove;
the elastic sand carrying groove comprises a transparent groove body with an opening, the opening of the transparent groove body is connected with an upper cover plate which can be opened and closed, the upper cover plate is provided with a hole, and two opposite side walls of the transparent groove body are respectively provided with an inlet and an outlet;
two plates with the same size are symmetrically and obliquely arranged on two sides of the inlet in the transparent groove body, the height of the plates is the same as that of the transparent groove body, and the two plates are also fixedly connected with two side walls which are not provided with the inlet and the outlet in the transparent groove body respectively, so that a trapezoidal inlet is formed at the inlet end in the transparent groove body;
one end of the standard hose is communicated with the inlet of the transparent groove body through the circulating pump, and the outlet of the transparent groove body is communicated with the other end of the standard hose through the flowmeter.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the transparent trough body is a rectangular parallelepiped trough.
3. A device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the angle subtended between the plate and the side wall of the transparent tank in which the inlet is located is in the range 15 ° to 75 °.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the inlet and the outlet are respectively disposed at the center of two opposite sidewalls of the transparent tank.
5. The device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the length direction of the transparent groove body is marked with scales.
6. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flow rate of the circulating pump is 0-2 m3The power is 0.37-75 kW, the rotating speed is 2900r/min, and the caliber is 25-50 mm.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the flow meter is an electromagnetic flow meter.
8. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the standard hose has a diameter of 25 to 50 mm.
9. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inlet and the outlet are connected with an inlet connection pipe and an outlet connection pipe, respectively, and the inlet connection pipe and the outlet connection pipe extend into the transparent tank.
10. The device as claimed in claim 1 or 9, wherein the hole is provided at the middle of the upper cover plate in the width direction and is located right above the inlet connection pipe extending into the transparent tank.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202122524218.5U CN216247867U (en) | 2021-10-20 | 2021-10-20 | Experimental device for be used for evaluating fracturing fluid elasticity and take sand ability |
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| CN202122524218.5U CN216247867U (en) | 2021-10-20 | 2021-10-20 | Experimental device for be used for evaluating fracturing fluid elasticity and take sand ability |
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