CN108708703B - Device and method for researching migration rule of temporary plugging agent in temporary plugging fracturing of horizontal well or vertical well - Google Patents
Device and method for researching migration rule of temporary plugging agent in temporary plugging fracturing of horizontal well or vertical well Download PDFInfo
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- CN108708703B CN108708703B CN201810408012.6A CN201810408012A CN108708703B CN 108708703 B CN108708703 B CN 108708703B CN 201810408012 A CN201810408012 A CN 201810408012A CN 108708703 B CN108708703 B CN 108708703B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for researching migration rule of a temporary plugging agent in temporary plugging fracturing of a horizontal well or a vertical well, wherein the device for researching migration rule of the temporary plugging agent in temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well comprises a stirring module, a horizontal shaft module, a vertical shaft module, a directional perforation cluster module and a simulated fracture module, wherein the stirring module is used for stirring working fluid or the temporary plugging agent; the horizontal shaft module is connected with the stirring module and used for simulating a horizontal shaft; the straight shaft module is connected with the horizontal shaft module and used for simulating a straight shaft; the directional perforation cluster module is arranged on the horizontal shaft module and used for simulating underground perforation of the horizontal well; and the simulated fracture module is respectively connected with the directional perforation cluster module and the straight well casing module and is used for simulating underground fractures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, in particular to a device and a method for researching migration rule of a temporary plugging agent in temporary plugging fracturing of a horizontal well or a vertical well.
Background
With the progress of society, the world oil production increasing technology is also changing day by day. The field of exploitation is gradually shifted from conventional oil and gas field development to the development of unconventional energy resources, such as shale gas, shale oil, coal bed gas, etc. Hydraulic fracturing is a mature and effective measure for dealing with various problems of old high-water oil and gas fields, such as increasing production and efficiency, increasing recovery efficiency, researching residual oil and the like. In horizontal well clustering fracturing, people hope that fractures can be initiated in a segmented mode, even fractures need to be initiated again from branch fractures, so that the initiated fractures need to be blocked by the temporary plugging agent firstly, the fractures are initiated and expanded at other relatively weak positions, and the performance of the temporary plugging agent and the migration positions of the temporary plugging agent are very important.
The related literature proposes a device for evaluating the blocking performance of the temporary plugging agent, but the device is mainly used for evaluating whether the temporary plugging agent can block the crack so as to suppress the pressure. There are also related documents that propose some devices to study the sedimentation rule of the temporary plugging agent in the artificial fracture, that is, when the working fluid flows in the artificial fracture with narrow angles, the temporary plugging agent is sedimentated while moving with the working fluid. However, the devices only study various problems in the artificial fracture, and a similar cylindrical perforation hole with the length of about 20cm is also formed at the joint of the artificial fracture and the shaft. In the field fracturing construction, the horizontal well and the vertical well have various perforation modes, the number of perforation holes is various, and the leakage phenomenon also exists in the perforation. In horizontal well cluster fracturing, the cluster spacing is very difficult to control, and the fracture initiation position of a fracture in each cluster of perforation is very controlled. The reason is that the temporary plugging agent stays at the position of the perforation cluster at the end and is difficult to probe at the position of the artificial fracture at the end in the process of moving the horizontal shaft, and meanwhile, the fracture initiation position of each cluster of perforation is different, and the fracture initiation position of the next cluster after temporary plugging is difficult to know under the combined action of the heterogeneity of the stratum. Therefore, the evaluation of the position of the temporary plugging agent migration to the perforation cluster and the leakage performance is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a device and a method for researching the migration rule of a temporary plugging agent in temporary plugging fracturing of a horizontal well or a vertical well, and aims to provide a visual experimental device and a research method for researching the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent in temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a device for researching migration law of temporary plugging agent in temporary plugging fracturing of a horizontal well or a vertical well, which comprises:
the stirring module is used for stirring the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent;
the horizontal shaft module is connected with the stirring module and used for simulating a horizontal shaft;
the straight shaft module is connected with the horizontal shaft module and used for simulating a straight shaft;
the directional perforation cluster module is arranged on the horizontal shaft module and used for simulating horizontal well underground perforation, the directional perforation cluster module is provided with a leakage hole, and the diameter of perforation holes of the directional perforation cluster module can be manually controlled;
the simulated fracture module is respectively connected with the directional perforation cluster module and the straight well casing module and is used for simulating underground fractures;
working fluid or temporary plugging agent enters from a stirring module and circularly flows in the horizontal shaft module, the straight shaft module and the simulated fracture module, and is discharged from the directional perforation cluster module, the straight shaft module and/or the simulated fracture module after circulation, so that the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent is researched by evaluating a temporary plugging agent experimental device, thereby exploring the migration rule of different types of temporary plugging agents to which positions of perforation clusters are driven under the drive of different discharge capacities under the influence of different working fluids, and simultaneously researching the rule under the condition of different cluster distances, wherein the temporary plugging agent experimental device is a device for researching the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent in horizontal well or straight well temporary plugging fracturing, and when the working fluid stably flows, the temporary plugging agent is added into the stirring module to enable the temporary plugging agent to migrate along with the fluid so as to observe the migration position of the temporary plugging agent and the amount of the temporary plugging agent at each position, and shooting an experiment image, wherein the experiment image comprises images of the horizontal shaft module, the straight shaft module, the directional perforation cluster module and the simulated fracture module.
Preferably, the simulated fracture module and the directional perforation cluster module are respectively provided with a leakage metering module on leakage holes, and the horizontal shaft module, the straight shaft module and the directional perforation cluster module are respectively connected with a flow metering module for metering the flow of the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent at outlets for discharging the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent.
Preferably, the simulated fracture module comprises a first main fracture, a second main fracture, a set of branch fractures, and a first horizontal main fracture and a second horizontal main fracture, wherein,
one end of the first main crack is connected with the directional perforation cluster module, and the other end of the first main crack is connected with the branch crack group;
one end of the second main crack is connected with the directional perforation cluster module;
one end of the first horizontal main crack is connected with the middle well wall of the straight well shaft module;
one end of the second horizontal main crack is connected with the middle well wall of the straight well shaft module, and the other end of the second horizontal main crack is connected to the second main crack.
Preferably, the system further comprises a pollution discharge module, wherein the pollution discharge module is respectively connected with the horizontal shaft module, the vertical shaft module and the simulated fracture module and is used for collecting the circulated working fluid or the temporary plugging agent.
Preferably, the dirt discharge module is connected with the stirring module.
Preferably, the device further comprises a pumping module, wherein the pumping module is connected to a pipeline between the stirring module and the horizontal well bore module and is used for pumping working fluid or temporary plugging agent into the horizontal well bore module so as to simulate the pressurization operation of the horizontal well bore flow.
Preferably, the horizontal shaft module is a transparent and visible cylinder with the wall thickness of 1cm-2cm, the horizontal shaft module is arranged in sections and comprises a first part and a second part, the directional perforation cluster module is arranged in sections and comprises a first section and a second section, the first part is connected with the first section of directional perforation cluster module, eight holes are arranged on two sides of the outer wall of the horizontal shaft module side by side in the horizontal direction, and four holes on one side are staggered with four holes on the other side; the second part is formed by extending from the first part, is connected with a second section of directional perforation cluster module and is communicated with the vertical well cylinder module.
Preferably, the length of a perforation in the directional perforation cluster module is 16cm-22cm, and the middle part of the perforation is provided with a perforation with the diameter of 1cm-2 cm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the perforation hole comprises a leakage hole, and the leakage hole is connected with a leakage metering module through a transparent pipeline; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the perforation of any one perforation can be connected with a fracture simulation module for simulating the uncertainty of the fracture initiation position in the actual fracture.
Preferably, the straight shaft module is a cylinder which is visible in a transparent mode and has the wall thickness of 1cm-2 cm.
Preferably, a first extension shaft and a second extension shaft are respectively connected between the first part and the second part and between the second part and the straight shaft module.
Preferably, the straight shaft module is a cylinder which is transparent and visible and has the shape of a wall thickness of 1cm-2 cm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the straight shaft module is vertically fixed or arranged upside down.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides an experimental method for researching the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
adding working liquid into the stirring module and stirring;
pushing working liquid into the horizontal cylinder module under preset experimental pressure;
when the working fluid flows stably, adding a temporary plugging agent into the stirring module, enabling the temporary plugging agent to move along with the fluid, observing the moving position of the temporary plugging agent and the amount of the temporary plugging agent at each position, and shooting an experimental image, wherein the experimental image comprises images of the horizontal shaft module, the straight shaft module, the directional perforation cluster module and the simulated crack module;
the leakage amount of the temporary plugging agent is calculated, the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent is analyzed according to the shot experimental image, the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent is researched by evaluating the experimental device of the temporary plugging agent, the position of a perforation cluster to which the used different types of temporary plugging agents are transported under the driving of different discharge capacities under the influence of different working fluids is explored, the temporary plugging agent stretches into the specific position of the perforation cluster, and the rule is researched under the condition that the cluster intervals are different.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) the fracture group used by the invention can simulate the friction resistance performance in a real stratum, and the friction resistance performance is simulated by coating glue on the surface of the artificial fracture and uniformly sticking broken stone particles.
(2) The intermediate connecting pipeline of the experimental device is detachable, and can be extended to the length of site construction as long as a laboratory is large enough, so that the experimental device is beneficial to researching the influence of different perforation cluster intervals and more conforms to the actual production condition.
(3) The simulated perforation number is variable, and the perforation holes are also provided with the leakage holes which are connected with the leakage metering module, so that the actual production condition is better met.
(4) The invention adopts transparent and visible pressure-resistant materials except the stirring module and the filtering module, thereby being convenient for observing the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent.
(5) The diameter of the cylindrical perforation hole tapped by the invention can be manually controlled, so that the method is more in line with the actual production condition, and meanwhile, the influence of the perforation hole diameter can be researched.
(6) The invention can simulate various forms of cracks and complex fracture networks, and because the simulated crack is positioned outside the simulated shaft, the scale of the crack is not limited by the size of an experimental instrument. The research result obtained by using the device for experiment has certain reference value for repeated fracturing theory research and field application
(7) The vertical shaft module can be used independently, can be placed upside down, can also be placed vertically, and can also be connected behind the horizontal shaft module and placed upside down or placed vertically.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the device for researching migration law of a temporary plugging agent in temporary plugging fracturing of a horizontal well or a vertical well, provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of another embodiment of the device for researching migration law of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well provided by the invention
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of the set of branch slits of FIG. 2.
The reference numbers illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name (R) | Reference numerals | Name (R) |
| 1 | |
53 | Branch seam group |
| 2 | Horizontal shaft module | 54 | First horizontal main crack |
| 21 | The |
55 | Second horizontal |
| 22 | The |
61 | |
| 3 | |
62 | |
| 4 | Directional |
7 | |
| 41 | |
8 | Liquid pumping module |
| 42 | Second section | 9 | |
| 5 | |
10a | First extended |
| 51 | First |
10b | Second extended |
| 52 | Second main crack |
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 to 3 show an embodiment of an apparatus for studying migration law of a temporary plugging agent in horizontal well or vertical well temporary plugging fracturing provided by the present invention, please refer to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides an apparatus for studying migration law of a temporary plugging agent in horizontal well or vertical well temporary plugging fracturing, the apparatus for studying migration law of a temporary plugging agent in horizontal well or vertical well temporary plugging fracturing comprises a stirring module 1, a horizontal wellbore module 2, a vertical wellbore module 3, a directional perforation cluster module 4 and a simulated fracture module 5, the stirring module 1 is used for stirring working fluid or a temporary plugging agent; the horizontal shaft module 2 is connected with the stirring module 1 and used for simulating a horizontal shaft; the straight shaft module 3 is connected with the horizontal shaft module 2 and used for simulating a straight shaft; the directional perforation cluster module 4 is arranged on the horizontal shaft module 2 and used for simulating horizontal well underground perforation, and the directional perforation cluster module 4 is provided with a leakage hole; the simulated fracture module 5 is respectively connected with the directional perforation cluster module 4 and the straight shaft module 3 and is used for simulating underground fractures; the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent enters from the stirring module 1 and circularly flows in the horizontal shaft module 2, the straight shaft module 3 and the simulated fracture module 5, and is discharged from the directional perforation cluster module 4, the straight shaft module 3 and/or the simulated fracture module 5 after circulation.
The invention researches the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent by evaluating a temporary plugging agent experimental device, so as to explore the position of a perforation cluster to which the different types of temporary plugging agents are transported under the driving of different discharge capacities under the influence of different working fluids, and simultaneously researches the rule under the condition of different cluster distances, in order to more accurately grasp the migration of the working fluids or the temporary plugging agent, the leakage metering modules 61 are respectively arranged on the leakage holes of the simulated fracture module 5 and the directional perforation cluster module 4, and the horizontal shaft module 2, the vertical shaft module 3 and the directional perforation cluster module 4 are respectively connected with flow metering modules 62 for metering the flow of the working fluids or the temporary plugging agent at the outlets for discharging the working fluids or the temporary plugging agent. It should be noted that fig. 2 only shows the flow metering module 62 or the leakage metering module 61 on the main pipeline from which each module discharges the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent, and does not represent that only the place marked in fig. 2 has the flow metering module 62 or the leakage metering module 61, the horizontal wellbore module 2, the vertical wellbore module 3, the directional perforation cluster module 4, and the simulated fracture module 5 are respectively connected with the flow metering module 62 for metering the flow of the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent at the outlet (corresponding position at the outlet of each module working fluid or the temporary plugging agent) from which the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent is discharged, and the leakage metering module 61 for metering the leakage is also arranged at each of the horizontal wellbore module 2, the vertical wellbore module 3, the directional perforation cluster module 4, and the simulated fracture module 5.
The simulated fracture module 5 comprises a first main fracture 51, a second main fracture 52, a branch fracture group 53, a first horizontal main fracture 54 and a second horizontal main fracture 55, wherein one end of the first main fracture 51 is connected with the directional perforation cluster module 4, and the other end of the first main fracture is connected with the branch fracture group 53; one end of the second main fracture 52 is connected with the directional perforation cluster module 4; one end of the first horizontal main crack 54 is connected with the middle well wall of the straight well shaft module 3; one end of the second horizontal main slit 55 is connected with the middle well wall of the straight well bore module 3, and the other end is connected with the second main slit 52. In the present embodiment, the fractures are fixed on the support to form different angles, and the included angles are 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, and 180 ° or a combination of one or more of the fractures.
The crack body is provided with a leakage hole and a pressure measuring hole which are respectively connected with a leakage measuring module 61 and a pressure measuring part, the upper end and the lower end of the crack body are sealed by transparent long plates, the periphery of the edge of the crack is fixed by a rectangular alloy steel frame to ensure that the whole crack is transparent and visible, glue is applied to the crack, and micro broken stone particles are adhered to the glue to simulate the friction resistance environment in the stratum.
The device comprises a horizontal shaft module 2, a horizontal shaft and a simulated fracture module 5, wherein the horizontal shaft module 2, the horizontal shaft and the simulated fracture module 5 are circularly flowed and then discharged, and the device also comprises a pollution discharge module 7 for recycling, wherein the pollution discharge module 7 is respectively connected with the horizontal shaft module 2, the vertical shaft module 3 and the simulated fracture module 5 and used for collecting the circulated working solution or the temporary plugging agent. Specifically, the blowdown module 7 comprises a blowdown tank, and the blowdown tank is respectively connected with the horizontal shaft module 2, the vertical shaft module 3 and the simulated fracture module 5. The working solution or the temporary plugging agent after circulation can be discarded, and also can be sent to the stirring module 1 again for recycling, and in order to ensure the experimental effect, the recycled working solution or the temporary plugging agent can be filtered. Therefore, in this embodiment, the dirt discharging module 7 is connected to the stirring module 1. Further, a filtering module 9 is connected between the pollution discharging module 7 and the stirring module 1, or a branch pipeline is connected to a pipeline before the circulated working fluid or temporary plugging agent enters the pollution discharging module 7, the branch pipeline is connected to the filtering module 9, the filtering module 9 is connected to the stirring module 1, in this embodiment, the filtering module 9 is a filtering tank, in other embodiments, the filtering module may also be a filtering device capable of filtering fluid, and no specific limitation is made herein.
Wherein, this stirring module 1 includes a stirred tank, and is preferred, stirred tank's shape is high-order 2.5m-3m, and the bottom surface radius is the vertical class cylinder of 1-1.5m, and two round holes are opened at the cylinder top, can add fluid and various medicaments to it, for example water, temporary plugging agent, guar gum powder, fibre to observe the stirring situation. The stirring module 1 comprises a pump with enough strength to pump the mixed liquid into the device; the stirring module 1 comprises a filtering cylinder with a proper volume, the axial length is 1.5-2 m, the bottom radius is 30-40 cm, the filtering cylinder can participate in circulation, impurities are filtered, and the filtering cylinder is also a channel for experimental waste liquid to finally flow out; it should be noted that the connecting pipelines (such as the connecting pipeline between the stirring module 1 and the horizontal shaft module 2) of the present invention are mostly transparent and visible, so as to observe the migration of the temporary plugging agent.
Because the viscosity of the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent is very high, the smooth flowing of the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent in a circulating pipeline is ensured, the device also comprises a pump fluid module 8, and the pump fluid module 8 is connected to a pipeline between the stirring module 1 and the horizontal shaft module 2 and is used for pumping the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent into the horizontal shaft module 2 so as to simulate the pressurization operation of the horizontal well pipe flow.
Specifically, the horizontal shaft module 2 is a transparent and visible cylinder with the wall thickness of 1cm-2cm, the horizontal shaft module 2 is arranged in sections and comprises a first section 21 and a second section 22, the directional perforation cluster module 4 comprises a first section 41 and a second section 42, the first section 21 is connected with the first section 41 of the directional perforation cluster module 4, eight holes are arranged on the outer side wall of the horizontal shaft module 2 side by side in the horizontal direction, and four holes on one side are staggered with four holes on the other side; the second portion 22 is formed by extending from the first portion 21, the second portion 22 is connected with the second section 42 of the directional perforation cluster module 4, and the second portion 22 is communicated with the straight wellbore module 3. A first elongated wellbore 10a and a second elongated wellbore 10b are connected between the first portion 21 and the second portion 22, and between the second portion 22 and the straight wellbore module 3, respectively. The first and/or second elongated wellbores 10a, 10b are one or more, thereby facilitating adjustment of the distance between the first and second sections 41, 42 of the directional perforation cluster module 4. The first extension shaft 10a or the second extension shaft 10b is a section-by-section detachable transparent horizontal well section, so that the distance between the first section 41 and the second section 42 of the directional perforation cluster module 4 is adjusted, rubber rings are sealed between each section of the horizontal well section, and each section of the horizontal well section is fixed on a support. The first section 41 and the second section 42 of the directional perforation cluster module 4 are identical in structure, and different horizontal well clustering fractures designed on site are simulated by combining different numbers of perforation clusters and installing the first extension well bores 10a or the second extension well bores 10b with different lengths.
The length of the perforation is 16cm-22cm, and the middle part of the perforation is provided with an eyelet with the diameter of 1cm-2 cm; the perforation holes comprise leakage holes, and the leakage holes are connected with a leakage metering module 61 through transparent pipelines; the perforations of any one perforation may be connected to a simulated fracture module 5 for simulating uncertainty of the fracture initiation location in the actual fracture (generally the more easily the perforations in the direction of maximum principal stress are initiated). In the experiment, the real perforation situation in the field is simulated by changing the size and the number of the installed different holes, and the number of the installed solid cylinders is changed by installing the different numbers of the solid cylinders, so that the real perforation situation is simulated and the influence of the number of the different numbers of the holes is researched. Preferably, the structure can be fixed on a cuboid bracket, rollers are arranged below the bracket, and the rollers can freely rotate or be fixed in all directions, so that the structure can be pushed at will.
The straight shaft module 3 is transparent and visible and is in the shape of a cylinder with the wall thickness of 1cm-2 cm. Preferably, the straight wellbore module 3 is connected to the second elongated wellbore 10b, and the straight wellbore module 3 may be installed in a vertical position or an inverted position. The middle well wall of the straight well shaft module 3 is connected with one end of the first horizontal main crack 54, and the other end of the first horizontal main crack 54 is connected with the pollution discharge module 7. One end of the second horizontal main slit 55 is connected with the middle well wall of the straight well bore module 3, and the other end is connected with the second main slit 52. The first horizontal main slit 54 and/or the second horizontal main slit 55 are transparent slit plates having a length of 60cm, a width of 2mm, and a height of 60 cm.
The device also comprises a mobile terminal, wherein the mobile terminal is respectively electrically connected with the leakage metering module 61 and the flow metering module 62, so that a user can conveniently check the electrical experimental data of each leakage metering module 61 and each flow metering module 62 on the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal is electrically connected with the liquid pumping module 8 and is used for controlling the liquid pumping module 8. In addition, except for the stirring module 1 and the filtering module 9, transparent and visible pressure-resistant materials are adopted, so that the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent is convenient to observe.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides an experimental method for researching the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
step S210, adding working fluid into the stirring module 1 and stirring;
step S220, pushing working fluid into the horizontal shaft module 2 under preset experiment pressure;
step S230, when the flow of the working fluid is stable, adding a temporary plugging agent into the stirring module 1, enabling the temporary plugging agent to move along with the fluid, observing the moving position of the temporary plugging agent and the amount of the temporary plugging agent at each position, and shooting an experimental image, wherein the experimental image comprises images of the horizontal shaft module 2, the vertical shaft module 3, the directional perforation cluster module 4 and the simulated fracture module 5;
and step S240, calculating the leakage amount of the temporary plugging agent, and analyzing the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent according to the shot experimental image.
The leakage liquid metering module automatically meters the change of leakage amount along with time, and finally, the circulating module is utilized to clean the experimental device according to the corresponding flow.
The operation of the experimental method will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example one
Setting the experimental conditions:
experimental temperature: at room temperature
Experimental materials: degradable fiber and 40-70 mesh ceramsite
Experimental fluid: guar gum powder, fiber, temporary plugging agent and water;
experimental pressure: 0.4 MPa.
S1, installing a first extension shaft 10a with the total length of 3m between two perforation clusters, and installing 16 perforation holes with the length of 18cm and the diameter of 1.5cm on each perforation cluster; connecting a first main crack 51 on a middle perforation hole of the first section 41 of the oriented perforation cluster module 4, wherein a branch crack group 53 with the included angles of 90 degrees, 135 degrees and 180 degrees is connected behind the first main crack 51; the working fluid is prepared, and then the working fluid is mixed,
s2, injecting tap water into about two thirds of a cylinder body of a stirring kettle, weighing 3kg of guar gum, 1kg of fiber and 40kg of propping agent, weighing a designed amount of temporary plugging agent, adding uniformly dispersed fiber, stirring uniformly, adding guar gum powder in a special mode, stirring until the designed viscosity is reached, and viewing a working solution system with uniformly dispersed fiber with viscosity; and starting a pump under the designed flow and pressure, and pushing the working fluid into the horizontal shaft module 2 under the preset experimental pressure.
And S3, when the flow of the working fluid is stable, quickly pouring the propping agent and the temporary plugging agent into the stirring module 1, observing the migration condition of the temporary plugging agent, and photographing and recording by using photographing equipment at regular intervals.
And S4, calculating the leakage amount of the temporary plugging agent, and analyzing the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent according to the shot experimental image.
Example two
Setting the experimental conditions:
experimental temperature: at room temperature
Experimental materials: degradable fiber and 40-70 mesh ceramsite
Experimental fluid: guar gum powder, fiber, temporary plugging agent and water;
experimental pressure: 0.4 MPa.
S1, installing a first extension shaft 10a with the total length of 3m between two perforation clusters, and installing 8 perforation holes with the length of 18cm and the diameter of 1.5cm and 8 solid perforation cylinders without tapping holes on each perforation cluster; connecting a first main crack 51 on a middle perforation hole of the first section 41 of the directional perforation cluster module 4, wherein the first main crack 51 is connected with a branch crack group 53 with the included angles of 90 degrees and 135 degrees; gluing the main cracks and the branch cracks, adhering uniformly distributed micro gravel particles, and artificially manufacturing a friction resistance environment, wherein the micro gravel particles distributed in the first main crack 51 are sparse so as to simulate an environment with a low friction coefficient, and the micro gravel particles distributed in the branch crack group 53 are denser than the first main crack 51 so as to simulate an environment with a high friction coefficient; preparing a working solution;
s2, injecting tap water into about two thirds of a cylinder body of a stirring kettle, weighing 3kg of guar gum, 1kg of fiber and 40kg of propping agent, weighing a designed amount of temporary plugging agent, adding uniformly dispersed fiber, stirring uniformly, adding guar gum powder in a special mode, stirring until the designed viscosity is reached, observing a working solution system with uniformly dispersed fiber with viscosity, starting a pump at the designed flow and pressure, and pushing the working solution into the horizontal shaft module 2 under the preset experiment pressure;
and S3, when the flow of the working fluid is stable, quickly pouring the propping agent and the temporary plugging agent into the stirring module 1, observing the migration condition of the temporary plugging agent, and photographing and recording by using photographing equipment at regular intervals.
And S4, calculating the leakage amount of the temporary plugging agent, and analyzing the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent according to the shot experimental image.
EXAMPLE III
Setting the experimental conditions:
experimental temperature: at room temperature
② experimental material degradable fiber, 40-70 mesh ceramsite
Experimental fluid: guar gum powder, fiber, temporary plugging agent and water;
experimental pressure: 0.4 MPa.
S1, installing a first extension shaft 10a with the total length of 5m between two sections of perforation clusters, installing 8 perforation holes with the length of 18cm and the diameter of 1.5cm and 8 perforation holes with the length of 18cm and the diameter of 2cm on each perforation cluster, and arranging the straight shaft module 3 in an inverted mode; connecting a first main crack 51 on a middle perforation hole of the first section 41 of the directional perforation cluster module 4, wherein the first main crack 51 is connected with a branch crack group 53 with the included angles of 90 degrees and 135 degrees; gluing the main cracks and the branch cracks, adhering uniformly distributed micro gravel particles, and artificially manufacturing a friction resistance environment, wherein the micro gravel particles distributed in the first main cracks 51 are sparse so as to simulate an environment with a low friction coefficient, and the micro gravel particles distributed in the branch cracks are denser than the first main cracks 51 so as to simulate an environment with a high friction coefficient; preparing a working solution;
s2, injecting tap water into about two thirds of a cylinder body of a stirring kettle, weighing 3kg of guar gum, 1kg of fiber and 40kg of propping agent, weighing a designed amount of temporary plugging agent, adding uniformly dispersed fiber, stirring uniformly, adding guar gum powder in a special mode, stirring until the designed viscosity is reached, observing a working solution system with uniformly dispersed fiber with viscosity, starting a pump at the designed flow and pressure, and pushing the working solution into the horizontal shaft module 2 under the preset experiment pressure;
and S3, when the flow of the working fluid is stable, quickly pouring the propping agent and the temporary plugging agent into the stirring module 1, observing the migration condition of the temporary plugging agent, and photographing and recording by using photographing equipment at regular intervals.
And S4, calculating the leakage amount of the temporary plugging agent, and analyzing the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent according to the shot experimental image.
The experimental device and the experimental method provided by the invention can be used for studying the relationship between the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent and the types of the temporary plugging agent, the types of working liquids, the experimental pressure, the leakage quantity of the working liquids, the perforation cluster spacing, the perforation mode, the number of perforation holes, the fracture form and the shaft type.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) the fracture group used by the invention can simulate the friction resistance performance in a real stratum, and the friction resistance performance is simulated by coating glue on the surface of the artificial fracture and uniformly sticking broken stone particles.
(2) The intermediate connecting pipeline of the experimental device is detachable, and can be extended to the length of site construction as long as a laboratory is large enough, so that the experimental device is beneficial to researching the influence of different perforation cluster intervals and more conforms to the actual production condition.
(3) The number of the simulated perforation is variable, and the perforation holes are also provided with the leakage holes which are connected with the leakage metering module 61, so that the actual production condition is better met.
(4) The invention adopts transparent and visible pressure-resistant materials except the stirring module 1 and the filtering module 9, thereby being convenient for observing the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent.
(5) The diameter of the cylindrical perforation hole tapped by the invention can be manually controlled, so that the method is more in line with the actual production condition, and meanwhile, the influence of the perforation hole diameter can be researched.
(6) The invention can simulate various forms of cracks and complex fracture networks, and because the simulated crack is positioned outside the simulated shaft, the scale of the crack is not limited by the size of an experimental instrument. The research result obtained by using the device for experiment has certain reference value for repeated fracturing theory research and field application
(7) The straight shaft module 3 can be used independently, can be placed upside down, can also be placed vertically, and can also be placed upside down or placed vertically after the horizontal shaft module 2.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a device that is arranged in studying horizontal well or vertical well temporary plugging fracturing temporary plugging agent migration law which characterized in that includes:
the stirring module is used for stirring the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent;
the horizontal shaft module is connected with the stirring module and used for simulating a horizontal shaft;
the straight shaft module is connected with the horizontal shaft module and used for simulating a straight shaft;
the directional perforation cluster module is arranged on the horizontal shaft module and used for simulating horizontal well underground perforation, the directional perforation cluster module is provided with a leakage hole, and the diameter of perforation holes of the directional perforation cluster module can be manually controlled;
the simulated fracture module is respectively connected with the directional perforation cluster module and the straight well casing module and is used for simulating underground fractures;
working fluid or temporary plugging agent enters from a stirring module and circularly flows in the horizontal shaft module, the straight shaft module and the simulated fracture module, and is discharged from the directional perforation cluster module, the straight shaft module and/or the simulated fracture module after circulation, so that the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent is researched by evaluating a temporary plugging agent experimental device, thereby exploring the migration rule of different types of temporary plugging agents to which positions of perforation clusters are driven under the drive of different discharge capacities under the influence of different working fluids, and simultaneously researching the rule under the condition of different cluster distances, wherein the temporary plugging agent experimental device is a device for researching the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent in horizontal well or straight well temporary plugging fracturing, and when the working fluid stably flows, the temporary plugging agent is added into the stirring module to enable the temporary plugging agent to migrate along with the fluid so as to observe the migration position of the temporary plugging agent and the amount of the temporary plugging agent at each position, and shooting an experiment image, wherein the experiment image comprises images of the horizontal shaft module, the straight shaft module, the directional perforation cluster module and the simulated fracture module.
2. The device for researching the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well according to claim 1, wherein the leak-off holes of the simulated fracture module and the directional perforation cluster module are respectively provided with a leak-off metering module, and the outlets of the horizontal shaft module, the straight shaft module and the directional perforation cluster module for discharging the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent are respectively connected with a flow metering module for metering the flow of the working fluid or the temporary plugging agent.
3. The apparatus for studying migration law of plugging agents in horizontal well or vertical well plugging fracturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein said simulated fracture module comprises a first main fracture, a second main fracture, a set of branch fractures and a first horizontal main fracture and a second horizontal main fracture,
one end of the first main crack is connected with the directional perforation cluster module, and the other end of the first main crack is connected with the branch crack group;
one end of the second main crack is connected with the directional perforation cluster module;
one end of the first horizontal main crack is connected with the middle well wall of the straight well shaft module;
one end of the second horizontal main crack is connected with the middle well wall of the straight well shaft module, and the other end of the second horizontal main crack is connected to the second main crack.
4. The device for researching migration law of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well according to claim 1, further comprising a pollution discharge module, wherein the pollution discharge module is respectively connected with the horizontal shaft module, the vertical shaft module and the simulated fracture module and is used for collecting the circulated working fluid or the temporary plugging agent.
5. The device for researching migration law of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well according to the claim 4, wherein the pollution discharge module is connected with the stirring module.
6. The device for researching migration law of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well according to claim 1, further comprising a pumping module, wherein the pumping module is connected to a pipeline between the stirring module and the horizontal well shaft module and is used for pumping working fluid or the temporary plugging agent into the horizontal well shaft module so as to simulate the pressurization operation of horizontal well pipe flow.
7. The device for researching migration rules of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal well shaft module is a transparent and visible cylinder with the wall thickness of 1cm-2cm, the horizontal well shaft module is arranged in a segmented mode and comprises a first portion and a second portion, the directional perforation cluster module is arranged in a segmented mode and comprises a first section and a second section, the first portion is connected with the first section of the directional perforation cluster module, eight holes are arranged on the outer side wall of the horizontal well shaft module side by side in the horizontal direction, and four holes on one side and four holes on the other side are arranged in a staggered mode; the second part is formed by extending from the first part, is connected with a second section of the directional perforation cluster module, and is communicated with the vertical well cylinder module.
8. The device for researching migration law of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well according to claim 7, wherein the length of the perforation in the directional perforation cluster module is 16cm-22cm, and the middle part of the perforation is provided with a hole with the diameter of 1cm-2 cm.
9. The device for researching migration law of the temporary plugging agent in the temporary plugging fracturing of the horizontal well or the vertical well according to claim 7, wherein the vertical shaft module is a cylinder which is transparent and visible and has the wall thickness of 1cm-2 cm.
10. An experimental method for researching migration law of temporary plugging agent in horizontal well or vertical well temporary plugging fracturing by using the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding working liquid into the stirring module and stirring;
pushing working liquid into the horizontal cylinder module under preset experimental pressure;
when the working fluid flows stably, adding a temporary plugging agent into the stirring module, enabling the temporary plugging agent to move along with the fluid, observing the moving position of the temporary plugging agent and the amount of the temporary plugging agent at each position, and shooting an experimental image, wherein the experimental image comprises images of the horizontal shaft module, the straight shaft module, the directional perforation cluster module and the simulated crack module;
the leakage amount of the temporary plugging agent is calculated, the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent is analyzed according to the shot experimental image, the migration rule of the temporary plugging agent is researched by evaluating the experimental device of the temporary plugging agent, the position of a perforation cluster to which the used different types of temporary plugging agents are transported under the driving of different discharge capacities under the influence of different working fluids is explored, the temporary plugging agent stretches into the specific position of the perforation cluster, and the rule is researched under the condition that the cluster intervals are different.
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| CN109630084B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2021-04-20 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Pulsating load temporary plugging fracturing simulation device and method |
| CN112229777B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2023-01-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Experimental device and method for evaluating plugging effect of temporary plugging ball of perforation blasthole and temporary plugging agent in fracturing crack |
| CN113533680A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-10-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Experimental device and method for simulating underground temporary plugging fracturing experiment |
| CN111879668B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2023-09-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Temporary blocking ball performance determining method and device |
| CN111811772B (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-07-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Multi-cluster perforation fracturing temporary plugging ball visual migration simulation experiment device |
| CN114427416A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2022-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Experimental device and method for simulating temporary plugging fracturing |
| CN114776285B (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2024-05-31 | 西南石油大学 | High-inclination well fracturing filling crack and hole productivity contribution evaluation device |
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| CN115524459B (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-03-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device for evaluating migration plugging performance of temporary plugging fracturing temporary plugging material and experimental method |
| CN116220646B (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2024-08-16 | 重庆科技学院 | Multi-cluster temporary plugging blasthole fracturing simulation device suitable for tight reservoir |
| CN117365418B (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-08-09 | 四川省能源地质调查研究所 | Coal bed horizontal well crack pulverized coal migration test device and test method |
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| CN105370259A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Staged fracturing method of horizontal well |
| US9783732B2 (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2017-10-10 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Compositions and methods for treating a subterranean formation |
| CN104963673B (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-12-26 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Visual experimental device for simulating temporary hydraulic fracture plugging of fiber diverter |
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| CN205990899U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-03-01 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Visual experimental apparatus for temporary plugging agent steering and proppant settlement simulation |
| CN107202866A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-26 | 北京大学 | A kind of diverting agent temporarily blocks up henchnmrk test device and its method of work and application |
| CN107976520A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-01 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司 | Nearly well band temporarily blocks up simulating lab test device and method |
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