CN216132663U - Device for testing resistance reduction performance in fracturing fluid gap based on flow field test - Google Patents
Device for testing resistance reduction performance in fracturing fluid gap based on flow field test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for testing the resistance reducing performance in a fracturing fluid joint based on a flow field test, which belongs to the technical field of testing the resistance reducing performance in the fracturing fluid joint and comprises a fluid preparation tank; a visual crack flat plate device; driving the pump; a laser transmitter; a camera; computer for will be at QiFirst average vorticity field data S (i, j, k) of fracturing fluid in all query zones of the lower jth test zone and at QiCorrespondingly comparing second average vorticity field data T (i, j, k) of clean water in all query areas of the jth test area, and calculating to obtain a result QiIn the lower j test areaThe drag reduction rate D (i, j) of the fracturing fluid; and the method is used for calculating the arithmetic mean value of the p multiplied by m resistivity reduction rates to obtain the calculated resistivity reduction rate D of the fracturing fluid. The method can obtain the drag reduction performance in the fracturing fluid gap, and microscopically analyze the reason of the friction resistance, thereby finding out a method for changing the reason.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a technology for testing the resistance reduction performance in a fracturing fluid joint, in particular to a device for testing the resistance reduction performance in the fracturing fluid joint based on a flow field test.
Background
Hydraulic fracturing is an important technology for oil and gas field development and is an important means for increasing production and improving the transformation of oil and gas reservoirs. The main process is that high pressure fluid is pumped into the ground to form crack in the stratum, then the front liquid without proppant grains is injected into the stratum to extend the crack, and the mixture of fracturing liquid and proppant grains is injected to fill certain proppant grains into the crack. After construction is completed, the closed fracture is supported by the proppant particles, so that a channel for oil and gas with high flow conductivity to flow to a well bore is formed.
The friction resistance of the fracturing fluid in the fracture in the fracturing process can cause certain influence on the whole construction fracturing, particularly in a reservoir with longer fracture. The existing research means rarely mention the friction resistance test of the fracturing fluid in the slit, and the only research is only to calculate the pressure fluctuation of the inlet and the outlet of the fracture during the flowing process of the fracturing fluid, but the following two problems exist in the pressure fluctuation: firstly, the pressure loss of the test is not only friction loss, but also pressure loss of the entrance and the exit of the shaft, so that the obtained data can not directly correspond to the friction; secondly, the pressure test is used for judging that the friction can be researched only by different liquid friction from a macroscopic representation, and the reason of the friction is difficult to analyze from a microscopic view, and a method for finding out how to change the reason is difficult to find.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to: the device for testing the drag reduction performance in the fracturing fluid gap based on the flow field test can obtain the drag reduction performance in the fracturing fluid gap, and microscopically analyzes the reason of the friction resistance, so as to find out a method for changing the reason.
The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
a device for testing the resistance reduction performance in a fracturing fluid gap based on a flow field test comprises:
the fluid preparation tank is used for preparing fracturing fluid or clear water containing tracer particles;
the visual crack flat plate device comprises a plurality of visual crack flat plates which are communicated in series and m test areas; each visual crack flat plate is provided with at least one test area, and m is a positive integer;
the inlet of the driving pump is communicated with the liquid preparation tank, the outlet of the driving pump is communicated with the inlet of the visual crack flat plate device, and the driving pump is used for driving fracturing liquid or clear water to discharge Q with the laboratory discharge capacityiFlowing in a visual crack plate device; wherein i is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, p represents the number of laboratory displacements, p is a positive integer;
the laser emitter emits laser into the visual crack flat plate device from the top of the crack of the jth test area to illuminate a flow field in the jth test area; wherein j is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, m;
a camera for acquiring n groups at QiA first tracer particle motion image group for tracer particle movement in fracturing fluid in a jth test area, wherein each first tracer particle motion image group comprises two first tracer particle motion images; which is used to obtain n groups at QiA second tracer particle motion image group for tracer particle movement in the clean water in the jth test area, wherein each second tracer particle motion image group comprises two second tracer particle motion images; the method comprises the following steps that n is the number of groups of a first tracer particle motion image group or a second tracer particle motion image group which are obtained under the condition of the same laboratory discharge capacity in the same test area, and n is a positive integer; at QiThe motion image of the first tracer particle in the t group of the trace particle moving in the fracturing fluid in the jth test area is marked as P (i, j, t) in QiThe motion image of the second tracer particle in the t group of the trace particle moving images in the clean water in the jth test area is recorded as R (i, j, t), wherein t is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, n;
a computer communicatively connected to the camera; the device is used for dividing each first tracer particle motion image and each second tracer particle motion image into q query areas, wherein q is a positive integer; it is used for the corresponding calculation based on P (i, j, t) to get at QiThe tth first velocity field data U (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query area of the lower jth test area; it is used for the corresponding calculation based on R (i, j, t) to get at QiT second velocity field data V (i, j, k, t) of clean water in a k query area of a lower j test area; it is used for the corresponding calculation based on U (i, j, k, t) to get at QiThe tth first vorticity field data W (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query region of the jth test region; it is used for the corresponding calculation based on V (i, j, k, t) to get at QiT second vorticity field data X (i, j, k, t) of clean water in a k query region of a lower j test region; which is used for being coupled at QiCalculating the arithmetic mean value of all first vorticity field data W (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query area of the jth test area, and correspondingly obtaining the data in QiFirst average vorticity field data S (i, j, k) of fracturing fluid in a kth query zone of a jth lower test zone; which is used for being coupled at QiKth query of the next jth test areaThe arithmetic mean value of all second vorticity field data X (i, j, k, t) of clear water in the region is obtained correspondingly at QiSecond average vorticity field data T (i, j, k) of clear water in a kth query area of a lower jth test area; which is used to be at QiFirst average vorticity field data S (i, j, k) of fracturing fluid in all query zones of the lower jth test zone and at QiCorrespondingly comparing second average vorticity field data T (i, j, k) of clean water in all query areas of the jth test area, and calculating to obtain a result QiDrag reduction D (i, j) of the fracturing fluid in the lower jth test zone, where the result is at QiThe resistance reduction rate of the fracturing fluid in the jth test area is p multiplied by m; the method is used for solving the arithmetic mean value of the p multiplied by m resistivity reduction rates to obtain the calculated resistivity reduction rate D of the fracturing fluid; wherein k is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, q.
Further comprising:
the inlet of the liquid outlet valve is communicated with the liquid preparation tank, and the outlet of the liquid outlet valve is communicated with the inlet of the driving pump;
an inlet pressure gauge, an inlet of which is communicated with an outlet of the driving pump;
and the inlet of the inlet flowmeter is communicated with the outlet of the inlet pressure gauge, and the outlet of the inlet flowmeter is communicated with the inlet of the visual crack flat plate device.
Further comprising:
the inlet of the outlet flowmeter is communicated with the outlet of the visual crack flat plate device;
an outlet pressure gauge, the inlet of which is communicated with the outlet of the outlet flowmeter;
and the inlet of the circulating liquid valve is communicated with the outlet of the outlet pressure gauge, and the outlet of the circulating liquid valve is communicated with the liquid preparation tank.
Further comprising:
and the synchronous signal trigger is electrically connected with the camera and the laser transmitter respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:
the method comprises the steps of scattering trace particles in a flow field, obtaining the motion state of the obtained fluid through laser irradiation, obtaining specific vorticity data of the fracturing fluid in three characteristic spaces in the flowing process of the fracturing fluid in a seam through further processing and analyzing flow field data, and evaluating the specific resistance reduction performance of the fracturing fluid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of 4 visualization fracture flat plates connected in series according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except features and/or steps which are mutually exclusive, unless expressly stated otherwise, with other alternative features which are equivalent or similar in purpose, i.e. each feature is an embodiment of a range of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the device for testing the drag reduction performance in a fracturing fluid fracture based on a flow field test in many embodiments of the present invention includes a fluid distribution tank 1, a drive pump 4, a camera 8, a camera data transmission line 9, a laser emitter 12, a computer 13, and a visual fracture flat plate device 15.
A stirrer is arranged in the liquid preparation tank 1 and is used for preparing fracturing fluid or clear water containing tracer particles. For example, the volume of the dispensing tank 1 may be 300L. Clear water was used as control.
Referring to fig. 2, the visual crack flat plate device 15 includes a plurality of visual crack flat plates and m test areas which are connected in series, each visual crack flat plate is provided with at least one test area, the test areas of the visual crack flat plates jointly form m test areas of the visual crack flat plate device 15, and m is a positive integer. The outlet of the visual crack flat plate device 15 is communicated with the liquid distribution tank 1 to realize fluid circulation. Specifically, in this embodiment, the visual crack flat plate device 15 includes 4 visual crack flat plates that are connected in series with each other to form a crack, and is used for simulating real formation cracks, the 4 visual crack flat plates that are connected in series with each other are respectively a visual crack flat plate i, a visual crack flat plate ii, a visual crack flat plate iii, and a visual crack flat plate iv, and the length of each visual crack flat plate is 1 m. Each visual crack flat plate is provided with 3 test regions, for example, visual crack flat plate i is provided with 3 test regions such as a1, a2, A3, etc., visual crack flat plate ii is provided with 3 test regions such as a4, a5, a6, etc., and so on, that is, the visual crack flat plate device 15 includes 12 test regions in total, that is, m is 12. The size of each test area was 300X 355 mm. The purpose of setting the m test areas is: after flowing through the fracture, the fracturing fluid can generate different flow characteristics at different positions, and in order to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the fracturing fluid, vorticity fields generated in various areas need to be tested, so that a more comprehensive resistance reduction performance index is calculated.
The inlet of the driving pump 4 is communicated with the liquid preparation tank 1, the outlet of the driving pump is communicated with the inlet of the visual crack flat plate device 15, and the driving pump is used for driving fracturing liquid or clear water to discharge volume Q of a laboratoryiFlow within the visual fracture plate apparatus. i is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, p denotes the number of laboratory displacements, p is a positive integer. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the laboratory displacement amounts to 5 groups, i.e., p is 5, and Q is the same for each group1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5. The drive pump 4 may be, but is not limited to, a screw pump.
The laser emitter 12 is disposed above the top of the crack in the first test location, such as the jth test area, and emits laser light to the visual crack plate device 15 from the top of the crack in the jth test area, so as to illuminate the flow field in the jth test area. Wherein j is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, m.
The camera 8 is arranged near a second test position, such as a jth test area, and is perpendicular to the visual crack plate where the jth test area is located. The camera 8 is used for acquiring n groups at QiAnd each group of first tracer particle motion image groups comprises two first tracer particle motion images. The camera 8 is also used to acquire n groups at QiA second tracer particle motion image group for tracer particle movement in the clean water in the jth test area, wherein each second tracer particle motion image group comprises two first tracer particle motion image groupsTwo tracer particle motion images. n is the group number of the first tracer particle motion image group or the second tracer particle motion image group obtained under the condition of the same laboratory discharge capacity in the same test area, and n is a positive integer; at QiThe motion image of the first tracer particle in the t group of the trace particle moving in the fracturing fluid in the jth test area is marked as P (i, j, t) in QiAnd (3) recording a t-th group of second tracer particle motion images of tracer particle movement in clean water in the next j-th test area as R (i, j, t), wherein t is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, n, and n can be a preset value. The camera 8 may be, but is not limited to, an sCMOS camera. For example, at Q1The set 1 first tracer particle motion image for tracer particle movement in the fracturing fluid in the lower 1 test zone is designated as P (1,1,1), at Q1The set 2 of first tracer particle motion images for tracer particle movement in the fracturing fluid in the lower 1 st test zone is designated as P (1,1,2) at Q2The 1 st group of first tracer particle motion images of tracer particle movement in the fracturing fluid in the 1 st test zone is marked as P (2,1,1), and so on; at Q1The set 1 second tracer particle motion image of tracer particle movement in the clean water in the lower 1 test zone is denoted as R (1,1,1), at Q1The second tracer particle motion image of the 2 nd set of tracer particle movements in the clear water in the lower 1 st test zone is denoted as R (1,1,2) at Q2The next 1 st set of second tracer particle motion images of tracer particle movement in the 1 st test zone is denoted as R (2,1,1), and so on.
As used herein, "at QiLower "indicates fracturing fluid or clean water at laboratory discharge QiIn the case of flow, e.g. "at Q1Clean water … …' in the lower test area 1 represents the laboratory discharge Q of clean water1Clear water … … in test zone 1 under flowing conditions, "at Q2Fracturing fluid … … "in the lower test zone 1 means fracturing fluid at laboratory discharge Q2The fracturing fluid … … in test zone 1 with flow, and so on.
The first trace particle motion image group and the second trace particle motion image group acquired by the camera 8 may be stored in a hard disk first for reading during subsequent processing, or may be transmitted to the computer 13 for processing.
The camera 8 is communicatively connected to a computer 13 via a camera data transmission line 9.
The computer 13 is configured to divide each of the first trace particle motion image and the second trace particle motion image into q query regions, where q is a positive integer. The computer 13 is used for obtaining the corresponding calculation result in Q based on P (i, j, t)iAnd the tth first velocity field data U (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query area of the lower jth test area. The computer 13 is used for obtaining the corresponding calculation result in Q based on R (i, j, t)iT-th second velocity field data V (i, j, k, t) of fresh water in a k-th query region of the lower j-th test region. The computer 13 is used for obtaining the corresponding calculation result in Q based on U (i, j, k, t)iAnd the tth first vorticity field data W (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query area of the lower jth test area. The computer 13 is used for obtaining the corresponding calculation result in Q based on V (i, j, k, t)iAnd (3) t second vorticity field data X (i, j, k, t) of clean water in a k query region of the lower j test region. Computer 13 is used for registering at QiCalculating the arithmetic mean value of all first vorticity field data W (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query area of the jth test area, and correspondingly obtaining the data in QiAnd (3) first average vorticity field data S (i, j, k) of the fracturing fluid in a kth query zone of the lower jth test zone. Computer 13 is used for registering at QiCalculating the arithmetic mean value of all second vorticity field data X (i, j, k, t) of clean water in the kth query area of the jth test area, and correspondingly obtaining the data in QiAnd (4) second average vorticity field data T (i, j, k) of clear water in a k-th query area of the lower j-th test area. Computer 13 is used to be at QiFirst average vorticity field data S (i, j, k) of fracturing fluid in all query zones of the lower jth test zone and at QiCorrespondingly comparing second average vorticity field data T (i, j, k) of clean water in all query areas of the jth test area, and calculating to obtain a result QiDrag reduction D (i, j) of the fracturing fluid in the lower jth test zone, where the result is at QiThe resistance reduction rate of the fracturing fluid in the jth test area is p multiplied by m in total. The computer 13 is used for calculating an arithmetic mean value of the p multiplied by m resistivity reduction rates to obtain a calculated resistivity reduction rate D of the fracturing fluid; wherein k is 1,2、3、4、……、q。
Example 2
The present embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiments, except that the present embodiment further includes a liquid outlet valve 2, an inlet pressure gauge 5, and an inlet flow meter 6.
The liquid outlet valve 2 is connected in series between the liquid distribution tank 1 and the drive pump 4, specifically, an inlet of the liquid outlet valve 2 is communicated with the liquid distribution tank 1, and an outlet of the liquid outlet valve 2 is communicated with an inlet of the drive pump 4. An inlet pressure gauge 5 and an inlet flow meter 6 are sequentially connected in series between the inlet of the visual crack flat plate device 15 and the driving pump 4. Specifically, the inlet of the inlet pressure gauge 5 is communicated with the outlet of the driving pump 4; the inlet of the inlet flow meter 6 is communicated with the outlet of the inlet pressure gauge 5, and the outlet of the inlet flow meter 6 is communicated with the inlet of the visual crack plate device 15.
The liquid distribution tank 1, the liquid outlet valve 2, the driving pump 4, the inlet pressure gauge 5 and the inlet flowmeter 6 are communicated in sequence through the injection pipeline 3.
Example 3
This embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment except that it further includes an outlet flow meter 16, an outlet pressure gauge 17, and a circulating liquid valve 19.
An outlet flowmeter 16, an outlet pressure gauge 17 and a circulating liquid valve 19 are sequentially connected in series between the outlet of the visual crack flat plate device 15 and the liquid preparation tank 1. Specifically, the inlet of the outlet flow meter 16 is communicated with the outlet of the visual crack flat plate device 15, and the inlet of the outlet pressure gauge 17 is communicated with the outlet of the outlet flow meter 16; the inlet of the circulating liquid valve 19 is connected to the outlet of the outlet pressure gauge 17, and the outlet thereof is connected to the liquid preparation tank 1.
The outlet of the visual crack flat plate device 15, an outlet flow meter 16, an outlet pressure gauge 17, a circulating liquid valve 19 and the liquid preparation tank 1 are sequentially communicated through an outlet pipeline 18.
Example 4
This embodiment is substantially the same as the previous embodiment, except that the present embodiment further includes a synchronization signal flip-flop 10.
The synchronization signal trigger 10 is electrically connected with the camera 8 and the laser transmitter 12 respectively. Specifically, the synchronization signal trigger 10 is electrically connected to the camera 8 via the camera excitation line 7, and the synchronization signal trigger 10 is electrically connected to the laser emitter 12 via the laser excitation line 11.
In the foregoing embodiment, the flow conversion value and criterion are established according to the reynolds similarity criterion by using the established fracture size and the real fracture size, and each type of liquid experiment is performed according to the laboratory discharge QiAnd setting p groups of laboratory displacements to take vortex loss and turbulence under different displacement working conditions into consideration. For example, set Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5Test at 5 sets of laboratory displacements, where Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5Sequentially corresponds to the site 5m3/min、8m3/min、12m3/min、15m3/min、18m3And/min. Laboratory discharge capacity QiThe specific numerical value is determined by utilizing the Reynolds similarity principle and combining the size of a laboratory device and the discharge capacity Q of a laboratoryiCalculated by formula (1);
in the formula (1), QiThe unit of (A) is L/min; v. offThe unit is cubic meter per minute for the site discharge capacity; h isfThe height of the artificial crack is measured in meters; w is afThe width of the artificial crack is in mm; h iseThe height of the visual crack flat plate device is measured in meters; w is aeThe width between the fracture plates is visualized in mm.
In the foregoing embodiment, the computer 13 performs correlation analysis on the first trace particle motion image group and the second trace particle motion image group respectively through fourier transform to obtain U (i, j, k, t) and V (i, j, k, t). In the correlation analysis, for example, the pixels of the query area are 64 × 64 pixels, and if the pixels of the first tracer particle motion image and the second tracer particle motion image acquired by the camera 8 are 2560 × 2160 pixels, one of the first tracer particle motion image and the second tracer particle motion image can be divided into 1350 query areas, that is, q is 1350. The query region may be understood as 1350 data points, or 1350 grids. The 1350 query regions in each of the first tracer particle motion picture and the second tracer particle motion picture can represent the flow characteristics of the small flow region.
The first tracer particle motion image group comprises two first tracer particle motion images, the second tracer particle motion image group comprises two second tracer particle motion images, when the camera acquires corresponding images, a time interval exists between the two images in each group, through comparison, the displacement of the same tracer particle in the two images can be obtained, and the displacement is divided by the time interval, so that the velocity field data of the corresponding tracer particle can be obtained, and the velocity field data of the corresponding fluid can be obtained.
In the foregoing embodiment, the computer 13 calculates W (i, j, k, t) by using the basic vorticity calculation formula and combining with the Q criterion through the formula (2) and the formula (3);
in the formula (2), U (i, j, k, t, x) and U (i, j, k, t, y) correspond to the component speeds of U (i, j, k, t) in the x and y directions, respectively.
When the vortex amount is positive, the vortex direction is anticlockwise; conversely, when the vorticity is negative, the vortex direction is characterized as clockwise. The magnitude of the absolute value of the vorticity represents the strength of the vortex structure, and the stronger vortex structure has larger influence on the peripheral flow field. The vorticity calculation method is simpler, but can generate false identification on a region with a larger velocity gradient as can be seen from the definition formula of the vortex. Therefore, when the vortex identification of the flow field is carried out, the real vortex structure and the shearing flow field need to be effectively distinguished, and the vortex structure information can be effectively obtained.
Judging the vorticity field data by adopting a Q criterion, and calculating by the formula (3);
in the formula (3), QWDetermining a number for a first Q criterion; sn，1And ss，1Respectively corresponding to the tensile deformation and the shear deformation of the fracturing fluid, and respectively corresponding to the tensile deformation and the shear deformation obtained by calculation through the formula (4) and the formula (5);
in the flow field vortex structure judgment, vortex amount calculation and Q criterion calculation need to be carried out simultaneously, and when the vortex amount calculation is not 0 and Q is higher than QW>And 0, judging that the vortex structure exists in the fluid particle area. The eddy amount is a quantitative index for evaluating the flow resistance reduction rate of the fracturing fluid in the whole crack, the larger the eddy amount is, the stronger eddy structure exists in the fluid at the position, and a large amount of fluid energy is lost in the eddy structure, so that the local flow driving pressure difference is increased, and the flowing friction resistance is increased. Therefore, the stronger the vorticity in the flow field is, the poorer the resistance reduction performance is; the drag reduction performance of the liquid can be quantitatively judged according to the comparison of the average vorticity of different liquids in the same pumping rate and the same area.
In the foregoing embodiment, the computer 13 calculates X (i, j, k, t) by using a basic vorticity calculation formula and combining with a Q criterion through the formula (6) and the formula (7);
in the formula (6), V (i, j, k, t, x) and V (i, j, k, t, y) correspond to the component speeds of V (i, j, k, t) in the x and y directions respectively;
judging the vorticity field data by adopting a Q criterion, and calculating by the formula (7);
in the formula (7), QxDetermining a number for a second Q criterion; sn，2And ss，2Respectively corresponding to tensile deformation and shear deformation of the clear water, and respectively corresponding to the tensile deformation and the shear deformation obtained by calculation through a formula (8) and a formula (9);
in the above embodiments, the fluid flow in the fracture is an unsteady flow due to the complexity of the flow in the fracture. To demonstrate the regularity of such unsteady flows, the fracturing fluid or clean water is set at a certain laboratory displacement such as QiAnd acquiring n groups of first tracer particle motion image groups and n groups of second tracer particle motion image groups respectively in a certain testing area, such as the jth testing area. The computer 13 obtains S (i, j, k) by calculation using equation (10);
in the foregoing embodiment, the computer 13 calculates T (i, j, k) by equation (11);
in the foregoing embodiment, the computer 13 calculates Q by the equation (12) respectivelyiThe drag reduction rate D (i, j) of the fracturing fluid in the jth test area;
in the foregoing embodiment, the computer 13 obtains the calculated drag reduction rate D of the fracturing fluid by calculating according to formula (13);
the working process of testing by adopting the utility model comprises the following steps:
Before step 2, a tracing particle concentration optimization experiment can be performed, the optimal tracing particle concentration under the working condition is obtained through a flow field tracing particle distribution illumination experiment under different tracing particle concentration conditions, and the optimal particle concentration obtained through the experiment is 15g/m3The optimum particle concentration is taken as the predetermined concentration; the preferred test for trace particle concentration was performed with the aim of: if the particle concentration is too high, particle overexposure can occur in the flow field; if the particle concentration is small, the situation that particles in the query area are few occurs, and the test accuracy is low; this parameter is the optimal particle concentration obtained by extensive experimental optimization; the optimization method comprises the following steps: and carrying out experiments under the condition of tracer particles with different concentrations, and determining the optimal tracer particle concentration through subsequent analysis of the collected image.
Step 4, laser emitted by the laser emitter 12 is injected from the top of the crack of the 1 st test areaIn the visual crack plate device 15, a flow field in a1 st test region in the visual crack plate device 15 is illuminated, a camera is aligned with the flow field in the 1 st test region, specifically, for example, a camera 8 is aligned with a camera data acquisition region 14 of the flow field in the 1 st test region, the camera acquires n groups of first tracer particle motion image groups of tracer particles in fracturing fluid in the 1 st test region, where the acquired first tracer particle motion image groups are P (1,1,1), P (1,1,2), … …, and P (1,1, n) in sequence; the fracturing fluid then continues in a visual fracture plate apparatus with Q1The laser emitted by the laser emitter 12 is emitted into the visual crack flat plate device 15 from the top of the crack of the 2 nd test area, the flow field in the 2 nd test area in the visual crack flat plate device is illuminated, the camera is aligned with the flow field in the 2 nd test area, the camera 8 acquires n groups of first tracer particle motion image groups of tracer particles in the fracturing fluid of the 2 nd test area, and the obtained first tracer particle motion image groups are respectively P (1,2,1), P (1,2,2), … … and P (1,2, n); repeating the steps until P (1, m,1), P (1, m,2), … … and P (1, m, n) are obtained; wherein each group of first tracer particle motion image groups comprises two first tracer particle motion images.
After the camera 8 and the laser emitter 12 are placed at the testing position, the laser intensity is adjusted to 30%, the camera aperture is adjusted to 5.6, the laser frequency is adjusted to 15Hz, and the number of groups for collecting the first tracing particle motion image group and the second tracing particle motion image group is n groups, specifically, for example, n is 100 in advance, so that the number of groups for collecting the first tracing particle motion image group and the second tracing particle motion image group is 100 groups. The laser intensity and the camera aperture are the keys influencing the imaging quality, and the optimal laser intensity and the optimal camera aperture are obtained through a large number of illumination experiments; the laser frequency is selected for the time precision of speed and vorticity identification, and the best time discrimination precision can be realized by setting the laser frequency as the maximum value which can be borne by equipment; the setting basis that the group number of the first tracer particle motion image group and the second tracer particle motion image group is 100 is as follows: the flow in the experiment is an unsteady flow, so that the speed and vorticity measured in a certain test area by each laboratory displacement need to be averaged by 100 time steps in the experiment process, so as to reflect the average turbulence degree of the laboratory displacement and the test area.
And 6, replacing the fracturing fluid in the step 2 with clear water, and respectively obtaining a second tracer particle motion image group according to the modes from the step 3 to the step 5.
Step 7, dividing each first tracer particle motion image and each second tracer particle motion image into q query areas respectively, wherein q is a positive integer; based on P (i, j, t), the correspondence is calculated to be at QiThe tth first velocity field data U (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query area of the lower jth test area; based on R (i, j, t), the correspondence is calculated to be at QiT second velocity field data V (i, j, k, t) of clean water in a k query area of a lower j test area; based on U (i, j, k, t), the correspondence is calculated to be at QiThe tth first vorticity field data W (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query region of the jth test region; based on V (i, j, k, t), the correspondence is calculated to be at QiT second vorticity field data X (i, j, k, t) of clean water in a k query region of a lower j test region; to at QiCalculating the arithmetic mean value of all first vorticity field data W (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query area of the jth test area, and correspondingly obtaining the data in QiFirst average vorticity field data S (i, j, k) of fracturing fluid in a kth query zone of a jth lower test zone; to at QiCalculating the arithmetic mean value of all second vorticity field data X (i, j, k, t) of clean water in the kth query area of the jth test area, and correspondingly obtaining the data in QiSecond average vorticity field data T (i, j, k) of clear water in a kth query area of a lower jth test area; will be at QiAll of the lower jth test areaQuerying first mean vorticity field data S (i, j, k) of fracturing fluid in a zone and data at QiCorrespondingly comparing second average vorticity field data T (i, j, k) of clean water in all query areas of the jth test area, and calculating to obtain a result QiDrag reduction D (i, j) of the fracturing fluid in the lower jth test zone, where the result is at QiThe resistance reduction rate of the fracturing fluid in the jth test area is p multiplied by m; calculating an arithmetic mean value of the p multiplied by m resistance reducing rates to obtain a calculated resistance reducing rate D of the fracturing fluid; wherein k is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, q.
The other working process for testing by adopting the utility model comprises the following steps:
step 4, laser emitted by a laser emitter 12 is emitted into the visual crack flat plate device from the top of the crack of the 1 st test area, a flow field in the 1 st test area in the visual crack flat plate device 15 is illuminated, a camera 8 is aligned with the flow field in the 1 st test area, and the camera acquires n groups of second tracer particle motion image groups of tracer particles in clean water in the 1 st test area, wherein the obtained second tracer particle motion image groups are respectively R (1,1,1), R (1,1,2), … … and R (1,1, n); the clear water then continues with Q in the visual crack plate apparatus1The laser emitted by the laser emitter is emitted into the visual crack flat plate device from the top of the crack of the 2 nd test area, the flow field in the 2 nd test area in the visual crack flat plate device is illuminated, and the camera is aligned with the flow field in the 2 nd test areaThe camera acquires n sets of second tracer particle motion image sets of tracer particles in the clean water in the 2 nd test area, wherein the acquired second tracer particle motion image sets are respectively R (1,2,1), R (1,2,2), … … and R (1,2, n); repeating the steps until R (1, m,1), R (1, m,2), … … and R (1, m, n) are obtained; each group of second tracer particle motion image groups comprises two second tracer particle motion images;
step 7, dividing each first tracer particle motion image and each second tracer particle motion image into q query areas respectively, wherein q is a positive integer; based on P (i, j, t), the correspondence is calculated to be at QiThe tth first velocity field data U (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query area of the lower jth test area; based on R (i, j, t), the correspondence is calculated to be at QiT second velocity field data V (i, j, k, t) of clean water in a k query area of a lower j test area; based on U (i, j, k, t), the correspondence is calculated to be at QiThe tth first vorticity field data W (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query region of the jth test region; based on V (i, j, k, t), the correspondence is calculated to be at QiT second vorticity field data X (i, j, k, t) of clean water in a k query region of a lower j test region; to at QiCalculating the arithmetic mean value of all first vorticity field data W (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query area of the jth test area, and correspondingly obtaining the data in QiFirst average vorticity field data S (i, j, k) of fracturing fluid in a kth query zone of a jth lower test zone; to at QiCalculating the arithmetic mean value of all second vorticity field data X (i, j, k, t) of clean water in the kth query area of the lower jth test area, and correspondinglyIs obtained at QiSecond average vorticity field data T (i, j, k) of clear water in a kth query area of a lower jth test area; will be at QiFirst average vorticity field data S (i, j, k) of fracturing fluid in all query zones of the lower jth test zone and at QiCorrespondingly comparing second average vorticity field data T (i, j, k) of clean water in all query areas of the jth test area, and calculating to obtain a result QiDrag reduction D (i, j) of the fracturing fluid in the lower jth test zone, where the result is at QiThe resistance reduction rate of the fracturing fluid in the jth test area is p multiplied by m; calculating an arithmetic mean value of the p multiplied by m resistance reducing rates to obtain a calculated resistance reducing rate D of the fracturing fluid; wherein k is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, q.
For the specific calculation of the step 7, refer to the foregoing embodiments.
The utility model can test different kinds of fracturing fluids.
The utility model is integrally divided into two flows, one is a fracturing fluid and clear water pumping flow, and the other is a PIV (including intersection and laser emitter) data acquisition flow. The fracturing pumping flow mainly comprises four processes of liquid preparation (preparation of fracturing liquid containing tracer particles), circulation (evacuation and determination of standard tracer particle concentration), experimental parameter confirmation (mainly pumping discharge capacity), formal pumping and the like. PIV data acquisition mainly comprises test preparation (test area division, laser and camera placement), test parameter optimization confirmation (including laser intensity, camera aperture, test group number, laser frequency and the like).
The reason why the high-speed fluid generates friction resistance in the fracture such as the fracturing fluid and the clean water mentioned above is mainly due to the turbulent flow effect generated after the fluid is in strong action with the wall surface. In view of the above, the utility model effectively captures the small vortex structure in the flowing process of the fracturing fluid, realizes the micro explanation of the causes of the friction resistance in different fracture joints of the fracturing fluid, and can further evaluate and optimize the fracturing fluid.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a damping capability test device in fracturing fluid seam based on flow field test which characterized in that includes:
the fluid preparation tank is used for preparing fracturing fluid or clear water containing tracer particles;
the visual crack flat plate device comprises a plurality of visual crack flat plates which are communicated in series and m test areas; each visual crack flat plate is provided with at least one test area, and m is a positive integer;
the inlet of the driving pump is communicated with the liquid preparation tank, the outlet of the driving pump is communicated with the inlet of the visual crack flat plate device, and the driving pump is used for driving fracturing liquid or clear water to discharge Q with the laboratory discharge capacityiFlowing in a visual crack plate device; wherein i is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, p represents the number of laboratory displacements, p is a positive integer;
the laser emitter emits laser into the visual crack flat plate device from the top of the crack of the jth test area to illuminate a flow field in the jth test area; wherein j is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, m;
a camera for acquiring n groups at QiA first tracer particle motion image group for tracer particle movement in fracturing fluid in a jth test area, wherein each first tracer particle motion image group comprises two first tracer particle motion images; which is used to obtain n groups at QiA second tracer particle motion image group for tracer particle movement in the clean water in the jth test area, wherein each second tracer particle motion image group comprises two second tracer particle motion images; the method comprises the following steps that n is the number of groups of a first tracer particle motion image group or a second tracer particle motion image group which are obtained under the condition of the same laboratory discharge capacity in the same test area, and n is a positive integer; at QiThe motion image of the first tracer particle in the t group of the trace particle moving in the fracturing fluid in the jth test area is marked as P (i, j, t) in QiAnd (3) recording the motion images of the second tracer particles in the t group of the trace particles moving in the clean water in the jth test area as R (i, j, t), wherein t is 1,2, 3, 4, … …,n；
A computer communicatively connected to the camera; the device is used for dividing each first tracer particle motion image and each second tracer particle motion image into q query areas, wherein q is a positive integer; it is used for the corresponding calculation based on P (i, j, t) to get at QiThe tth first velocity field data U (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query area of the lower jth test area; it is used for the corresponding calculation based on R (i, j, t) to get at QiT second velocity field data V (i, j, k, t) of clean water in a k query area of a lower j test area; it is used for the corresponding calculation based on U (i, j, k, t) to get at QiThe tth first vorticity field data W (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query region of the jth test region; it is used for the corresponding calculation based on V (i, j, k, t) to get at QiT second vorticity field data X (i, j, k, t) of clean water in a k query region of a lower j test region; which is used for being coupled at QiCalculating the arithmetic mean value of all first vorticity field data W (i, j, k, t) of the fracturing fluid in the kth query area of the jth test area, and correspondingly obtaining the data in QiFirst average vorticity field data S (i, j, k) of fracturing fluid in a kth query zone of a jth lower test zone; which is used for being coupled at QiCalculating the arithmetic mean value of all second vorticity field data X (i, j, k, t) of clean water in the kth query area of the jth test area, and correspondingly obtaining the data in QiSecond average vorticity field data T (i, j, k) of clear water in a kth query area of a lower jth test area; which is used to be at QiFirst average vorticity field data S (i, j, k) of fracturing fluid in all query zones of the lower jth test zone and at QiCorrespondingly comparing second average vorticity field data T (i, j, k) of clean water in all query areas of the jth test area, and calculating to obtain a result QiDrag reduction D (i, j) of the fracturing fluid in the lower jth test zone, where the result is at QiThe resistance reduction rate of the fracturing fluid in the jth test area is p multiplied by m; the method is used for solving the arithmetic mean value of the p multiplied by m resistivity reduction rates to obtain the calculated resistivity reduction rate D of the fracturing fluid; wherein k is 1,2, 3, 4, … …, q.
2. The device for testing the drag reduction performance in a fracturing fluid joint based on the flow field test of claim 1, further comprising:
the inlet of the liquid outlet valve is communicated with the liquid preparation tank, and the outlet of the liquid outlet valve is communicated with the inlet of the driving pump;
an inlet pressure gauge, an inlet of which is communicated with an outlet of the driving pump;
and the inlet of the inlet flowmeter is communicated with the outlet of the inlet pressure gauge, and the outlet of the inlet flowmeter is communicated with the inlet of the visual crack flat plate device.
3. The device for testing the drag reduction performance in a fracturing fluid joint based on the flow field test of claim 1, further comprising:
the inlet of the outlet flowmeter is communicated with the outlet of the visual crack flat plate device;
an outlet pressure gauge, the inlet of which is communicated with the outlet of the outlet flowmeter;
and the inlet of the circulating liquid valve is communicated with the outlet of the outlet pressure gauge, and the outlet of the circulating liquid valve is communicated with the liquid preparation tank.
4. The device for testing the drag reduction performance in a fracturing fluid joint based on the flow field test of claim 1, further comprising:
and the synchronous signal trigger is electrically connected with the camera and the laser transmitter respectively.
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| CN113551873A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-10-26 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Device and method for testing drag reduction performance in fracturing fluid gap based on flow field test |
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| CN113551873A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-10-26 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Device and method for testing drag reduction performance in fracturing fluid gap based on flow field test |
| CN113551873B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2024-05-24 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Device and method for testing drag reduction performance in fracturing fluid seam based on flow field test |
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