CN215921940U

CN215921940U - Electric truck trades electric installation

Info

Publication number: CN215921940U
Application number: CN202120395190.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张振辉; 韩艳伟
Original assignee: Tantalum Platinum Technology Shanghai Co ltd
Current assignee: Tantalum Platinum Technology Shanghai Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-02-23
Filing date: 2021-02-23
Publication date: 2022-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2031-02-23

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery replacing device for an electric truck, which has the action functions of alignment, movement, taking and placing and the like through the cooperation of two sets of robots, wherein the robots directly detach a battery pack on the electric truck to a charging base or move the battery pack from the charging base to an electric automobile, so that unattended battery replacement is realized; the space is fully utilized, the beneficial effects of small occupied space, light weight and reliable alignment are realized, and road transportation and movable station building can be realized; has good economical efficiency.

Description

Electric truck trades electric installation

Technical Field

The utility model discloses a battery replacing device, in particular to a novel truck battery replacing device.

Background

The electric automobile belongs to a new energy automobile, and in the current society with resource shortage and serious environmental pollution, all countries pay attention to the development of the new energy automobile, and the electric automobile technology belongs to the technology proposed earlier. However, due to the scientific and technical level of the society at that time, the electric automobile has high use cost, cannot be popularized and develops for many years. With the maturity of technology, a plurality of problems of electric automobiles are overcome, and the electric automobiles gradually replace the original fuel-powered automobiles and become the key point of development. The core component of the electric automobile is a power battery, the capacity of the power battery is an important factor limiting the development of the electric automobile, and the development of the power battery technology is always inhibited due to the low charging speed, the poor charging effect and the like. Based on the defects of the charging technology, the battery replacement technology of the electric automobile is provided, and the electric power is supplemented in a mode of directly replacing the battery so as to realize the capability of quickly replacing the battery and achieving long-time endurance. An electric truck belongs to one type of electric vehicles, and at present, mainstream merchants such as foreign Tesla, domestic first steam liberation, heavy steam, Shaan steam and the like are developing electric truck models. The truck is heavy, the driving range is long, the energy consumption is larger than that of a passenger car, and the popularity of the conventional electric truck is far lower than that of the passenger car due to the defect of the charging technology. Battery replacement technology is one approach to solve this problem, especially for some vehicles that are usually operated in local areas, such as mine trucks, urban transport trucks, logistics park trucks, etc.

At present, the power conversion of trucks is developed vigorously, and there are many patent technologies granted or applied at present, but these technologies all adopt top lifting and are provided with a moving device (such as CN 110862008A) at each station, and there are main problems:

(1) the top hoisting stress is transmitted to the ground through the upright columns and the cross beams, so that the structure is complex, the equipment is large in size, especially the equipment occupies a large height space, and the equipment is difficult to transport integrally (the height of the equipment is easy to exceed the height limit of a bridge and a culvert of a highway, usually 4.5 m).

(2) Since the position accuracy of the truck when the truck stops is low, the electric switching device is required to automatically align and adjust the posture, adjustment with multiple degrees of freedom is required, and the top hoisting device becomes very complex and occupies more space. At present, error compensation is carried out through flexibility of a chain and a steel wire rope lifting system, alignment errors can be increased, and reliability is reduced.

(3) The battery replacement requirements of part of trucks cannot be met by top hoisting, and the battery pack can be shielded by part of structures on the tops of the part of trucks such as mine trucks, so that the part of trucks cannot be hoisted from the tops.

(4) Each station needs to be provided with a moving device, and the complexity and the cost of the system are increased.

In order to adapt to the condition that part of the truck cannot be hoisted from the top, new technologies are available, such as: grabbing from the side, integrally rotating, and moving to place the battery pack on a station; and then, for example, a stacker (CN111717062A) is adopted to grab the battery pack and then the battery pack is matched with the top to be hoisted and placed to the station. The general disadvantages of these devices are: the mechanism is complicated, the occupied space is large, and the alignment reliability is low.

The utility model aims to provide a novel battery replacement device which can realize compact space, is convenient for integral road transportation (including house devices), and has light weight and high reliability.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide a power replacing device and a power replacing method for an electric truck, and the power replacing device and the power replacing method are used for solving the technical problems in the prior art.

The purpose of the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:

an electric truck battery replacement device is arranged under a virtual three-dimensional coordinate system; the device comprises a power supply, a control circuit, sensors and a battery pack; further comprising:

the accommodating space is used for accommodating each device and can be placed on the flat car, and the accommodating space comprises an installation base for installing each device; a plurality of charging machine bases which are arranged on the mounting base and used for placing the battery pack; at least one side of the accommodating space in the X-axis direction is provided with a working port for loading and unloading the battery pack; two rows of charging machine bases are integrally arranged and are respectively arranged at two sides of the accommodating space along the X axial direction; a horizontal rail along the X-axis direction is arranged between the two rows of charger bases; a first robot walking along the rail is arranged on the horizontal rail; a second robot is arranged between the first robot and the working port;

the first robot is provided with a pair of first forks which can extend in the Y-axis direction; and a first elevating mechanism moving in the Z-axis direction; the width between the first forks is greater than the length of the battery pack;

the second robot is arranged on a supporting plate, a plurality of Y-axis walking guide sliding blocks arranged along the Y-axis direction are arranged below the supporting plate, and a Y-axis walking mechanism is arranged between the supporting plate and the mounting base and enables the supporting plate to walk along the Y-axis direction; the supporting plate is connected with the second robot through a Z-axis rotating mechanism;

the second robot is also provided with a pair of telescopic second forks and a second lifting mechanism moving in the Z-axis direction; the width between the second fork forks is larger than the width of the battery pack; the height of the second supporting lug corresponding to the second fork is higher than that of the first supporting lug corresponding to the first fork;

the first robot, the second robot and the sensor are all electrically connected with the control circuit.

The Z-axis rotating mechanism comprises a rotary support and a rotary driving assembly which enables the rotary support to rotate around the Z axis; the rotary support is a rotary bearing, and the rotary driving component is a hydraulic ejector rod or an electric ejector rod. The rotation angle of the rotation mechanism around the Z axis is +/-5 degrees.

The first lifting mechanism and the second lifting mechanism comprise a plurality of groups of connecting rod mechanisms, driving assemblies and guide slideways, and the driving assemblies are electric screw rods or hydraulic cylinders.

Furthermore, the link mechanism is a scissor telescopic arm, the scissor telescopic arm at least comprises a first fork arm, and one end of the first fork arm is a fixed end and is connected with a bottom rotating shaft of the first fork; the other end is a movable end, is connected with the guide slideway in a matching way and slides in the fork arm guide slideway; the driving assembly drives the movable end to slide along the direction of the fork arm guide slideway, so that the supporting plate is lifted.

A supporting shaft is arranged in the middle of the first fork arm, one end of the second fork arm is rotatably connected to the supporting shaft, and the other end of the second fork arm is rotatably connected with the supporting plate.

As an embodiment, the electric screw rod comprises a speed reduction motor and a screw rod device, the screw rod is connected with a pair of screw rod nuts, the nuts are connected with the movable end of the first fork arm, and the movable end of the first fork arm moves along the fork arm guide slideway when the screw rod rotates, so that the up-and-down movement of the upper panel of the elevator is realized.

The first robot is matched with the horizontal guide rail through a plurality of guide rollers, and the horizontal guide rail limits the guide rollers to move in the Y-axis direction. The first robot drives the first robot to walk along the horizontal guide rail through the X-axis walking mechanism; the X-axis walking mechanism comprises an X-axis walking drive and transmission assembly; the X-axis walking drive comprises a driving motor and a speed reducer; the transmission component is selected from a gear and rack transmission component, a chain wheel and chain transmission component, a pulley and a steel wire rope transmission component.

Furthermore, when the transmission assembly is a gear and a rack, the rack is horizontally fixed, a gear matched with the rack is installed on an output shaft of the speed reducing motor, and the movement on the X axis of the first robot is controlled through the forward and reverse rotation of the speed reducing motor.

The first fork and the second fork are sequentially opened by a fork speed reducing motor, a gear set and a chain wheel.

Furthermore, the upper side of the upper fork assembly is provided with a guide positioning column which is matched with a positioning hole formed in the lower side of a corresponding supporting lug on the battery pack to limit the position of the battery pack on the fork together, so that the battery pack can be conveniently operated to the first robot from the second robot and then accurately placed on the charging base. It is preferable that: two guiding positioning columns are arranged on the upper fork assembly, the heads of the guiding positioning columns are conical, and the battery pack can be automatically guided into the holes and positioned within the error range of +/-20 mm. To compensate for errors between the holes or shafts and prevent over-positioning, one of the positioning holes is a circular positioning hole and the other is a long kidney-shaped positioning hole.

The sensor is a laser distance sensor, the relative position of the battery pack is measured through the sensor, the deviation angle and the distance are calculated through a control circuit (PLC), then the control circuit controls the adjustment of the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, the Z-axis direction and the Z-axis rotation direction, and the battery pack is accurately forked into the designated position of the second fork. Then the second robot resets; the second robot is lifted in the Y-axis direction until the bottom of the battery pack is higher than the upper edge of the first fork, and the second fork reversely extends in the X-axis direction. And the battery pack is put down until the battery pack reaches a specified position above the first fork. The battery pack is carried by the first robot, and the height of the second supporting lug is higher than that of the battery pack staying on the base when the first fork forks the first supporting lug because the height of the first supporting lug is lower than that of the second supporting lug. And then, the first robot moves to an idle charging base in the X direction, and the first robot is lowered in the Z axis direction until the battery pack is parked on the charging base and then the fork is retracted.

The accommodating space is preferably a rectangular box body.

The maximum working distance in the X axial direction of the electric truck battery replacement device is as follows: 15 m; the maximum working distance of the Y axis is 3.2 m: the maximum working distance in the Z-axis direction is as follows: 3.5 m; thus, rapid movement can be achieved by the flatbed trailer, quickly establishing a battery exchange station. The device is particularly suitable for heavy trucks for relatively fixed-point transportation in mining construction sites, ports and docks, logistics parks and short and medium distances.

For clarity of description, the established virtual three-dimensional coordinate system may be set as an X axis along the long side direction of the replacement accommodating space, and a Y axis perpendicular to the X axis on the horizontal plane; the lifting direction vertical to the XY plane is taken as the Z axis.

The technical scheme of the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the robot directly detaches the battery pack on the electric truck onto the charging base or moves the battery pack from the charging base onto the electric vehicle, so that unattended battery replacement is realized;

(2) the space is fully utilized, the beneficial effects of small occupied space, light weight and reliable alignment are realized, and the integral road transportation and movable station building can be realized; has good economical efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second robot according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a Y-axis direction translation mechanism of the second robot;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a Z-direction rotation mechanism of a second robot;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the second fork in an extended position;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second fork;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack configuration;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a first robot according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the lifting mechanism of the first robot;

fig. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 9.

In the figure, 1, an accommodating space; 2. a battery pack; 21. a first support ear; 22. a second support ear; 23. long waist-shaped positioning holes 24 and round positioning holes; 3. a charger base; 4. a first robot; 41. an X-axis travelling mechanism; 411. driving the X-axis to move; 412. a gear; 413-rack; 414. a guide roller; 43. a first fork; 44. a first lifting mechanism; 5. a second robot; 51. a Y-axis travelling mechanism; 511. a Y-axis walking drive 512 and a Y-axis walking guide sliding block; 52. a Z-axis rotating mechanism; 53. a second fork; 531. a lower fork assembly; 532. a middle fork assembly; 533. an upper fork assembly; 534. guiding the positioning column; 535. a fork speed reducing motor, 54 and a second lifting mechanism; 541. a first yoke; 542. a second prong; 543. a yoke guide slide; 55. a swing drive assembly.

Detailed Description

The technical features of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.

In the embodiment, the accommodating space is a rectangular box body. For clarity of description, the established virtual three-dimensional coordinate system may be set as an X axis along the long side direction of the replacement accommodating space, and a Y axis perpendicular to the X axis on the horizontal plane; the lifting direction vertical to the XY plane is taken as the Z axis.

As shown in fig. 1-11, an electric truck power exchanging device is under a virtual three-dimensional coordinate system; the device comprises a power supply, a control circuit, sensors and a battery pack; further comprising: the accommodating space is used for accommodating each device and can be placed on the flat car, and the accommodating space comprises an installation base for installing each device; a plurality of charging machine bases which are arranged on the mounting base and used for placing the battery pack; at least one side of the accommodating space in the X-axis direction is provided with a working port for loading and unloading the battery pack; two rows of charging machine bases are integrally arranged and are respectively arranged at two sides of the accommodating space along the X axial direction; a horizontal rail along the X-axis direction is arranged between the two rows of charger bases; a first robot walking along the rail is arranged on the horizontal rail; a second robot is arranged between the first robot and the working port; the first robot is provided with a pair of first forks which can extend in the Y-axis direction; and a first elevating mechanism moving in the Z-axis direction; the width between the first forks is greater than the length of the battery pack; the second robot is arranged on a supporting plate, a plurality of Y-axis walking guide sliding blocks arranged along the Y-axis direction are arranged below the supporting plate, and a Y-axis walking mechanism is arranged between the supporting plate and the mounting base and enables the supporting plate to walk along the Y-axis direction; the supporting plate is connected with the second robot through a Z-axis rotating mechanism; the second robot is also provided with a pair of telescopic second forks and a second lifting mechanism moving in the Z-axis direction; the width between the second fork forks is larger than the width of the battery pack; the height of the second supporting lug corresponding to the second fork is higher than that of the first supporting lug corresponding to the first fork; the first robot, the second robot and the sensor are all electrically connected with the control circuit.

As shown in fig. 5, the Z-axis rotating mechanism includes a rotary support and a rotary driving assembly for rotating the rotary support around the Z-axis; the rotary support is a rotary bearing, and the rotary driving component is a hydraulic ejector rod or an electric ejector rod. The rotation angle of the rotation mechanism around the Z axis is +/-5 degrees.

As shown in fig. 3, the first lifting mechanism and the second lifting mechanism include a plurality of sets of link mechanisms, driving assemblies and guiding slideways, and the driving assemblies are electric screw rods or hydraulic cylinders.

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the link mechanism is a telescopic arm of a pair of scissors, the telescopic arm of the pair of scissors at least includes a first fork arm, and one end of the first fork arm is a fixed end and is connected with a bottom rotating shaft of the first fork; the other end is a movable end, is connected with the guide slideway in a matching way and slides in the fork arm guide slideway; the driving assembly drives the movable end to slide along the direction of the fork arm guide slideway, so that the supporting plate is lifted.

In order to increase stability and reduce driving force, a support shaft may be provided from the middle of the first yoke arm, the support shaft being rotatably connected to one end of a second yoke arm, the other end of said second yoke arm being rotatably connected to the support plate.

As shown in fig. 11, the first robot is engaged with the horizontal guide rail through a plurality of guide rollers, and the horizontal guide rail restricts the guide rollers from moving in the Y-axis direction. The first robot drives the first robot to walk along the horizontal guide rail through the X-axis walking mechanism; the X-axis walking mechanism comprises an X-axis walking drive and transmission assembly; the X-axis walking drive comprises a driving motor and a speed reducer; the transmission component is selected from a gear and rack transmission component, a chain wheel and chain transmission component, a pulley and a steel wire rope transmission component.

As shown in fig. 7, the second fork includes a lower fork assembly, a middle fork assembly and an upper fork assembly, which are sequentially opened by a fork speed reduction motor, a gear set and a chain wheel. The upside of going up fork subassembly be provided with the direction reference column, with the locating hole that corresponds support ear downside setting on the battery package matches, restricts the position of battery package on the fork jointly to in operation to first robot from the second robot with the battery package, and then the accuracy is placed on the frame that charges. It is preferable that: two guiding positioning columns are arranged on the upper fork assembly, the heads of the guiding positioning columns are conical, and the battery pack can be automatically guided into the holes and positioned within the error range of +/-20 mm. To compensate for errors between the holes or shafts and prevent over-positioning, one of the positioning holes is a circular positioning hole and the other is a long kidney-shaped positioning hole. The first fork and the second fork in the utility model have the same components and transmission structure.

The maximum working distance in the X axial direction of the electric truck battery replacement device is as follows: 15 m; the maximum working distance of the Y axis is 3.2 m: the maximum working distance in the Z-axis direction is as follows: 0.6 m; thus, rapid movement can be achieved by the flatbed trailer, quickly establishing a battery exchange station. The device is particularly suitable for heavy trucks for relatively fixed-point transportation in mining construction sites, ports and docks, logistics parks and short and medium distances.

When the battery pack is taken and placed, the truck stops to a designated position according to the requirement; pressing a start button; measuring the size of the battery pack in the height direction by a Z-direction distance measuring laser sensor at the top of the truck; the second robot lifting mechanism adjusts the height of the lifting mechanism according to the measured height of the battery pack, so that the height of the photoelectric pipe penetrating device on the robot is consistent with the center height of the reflecting plate on the battery pack (at the moment, the height direction of the cargo fork of the robot is lower than that of the battery pack, and the height direction has an extending condition); the second robot moves left and right along the Y direction, and stops when the photoelectric sensor detects the reflector on the battery pack, and the Y direction of the robot is aligned to the battery pack; and two laser ranging sensors on two sides of the second robot measure the distance between the second robot and the battery pack, so that the deflection angle between the battery pack and the theoretical position is obtained.

And according to the measured deflection angle, the Z-axis rotating mechanism of the second robot rotates and the Y-direction translation mechanism slightly moves until the distances measured by the two distance measuring sensors are equal and the photoelectric sensors are aligned with the reflecting plate of the battery pack. The second robot is now aligned with the battery pack in the Z-direction, the Y-direction, the X-direction is parallel to the battery pack, and the distance to the battery pack in the X-direction has been measured.

The second fork of the second robot extends towards the direction of the truck, and stops when reaching a required value (determined according to the distance measured by the distance measuring sensor); a second fork of the second robot rises and stops when reaching a set value; and the second pallet fork of the second robot is retracted to the middle position and stopped, and the position states of the Y direction, the Z direction and the Z-axis rotating direction of the second robot need to be stored.

The Z-axis rotating mechanism and the Y-axis travelling mechanism of the second robot act simultaneously to return to the original position, the second fork of the second robot extends towards the first fork, so that the battery pack reaches the position right above the first fork, the second lifting mechanism of the second robot descends until the battery pack falls onto the first fork, the second fork is completely separated from the battery pack, and the second fork of the second robot retracts to the middle position.

The first robot determines a target battery pack station according to a management system instruction and drives to a corresponding position along the X direction; a first fork of the first robot extends to a specified station and stops when reaching a set position; the first fork of the first robot descends until the fork is completely separated from the battery pack; the first forks of the first robot are retracted to a neutral position.

When the battery pack is loaded onto the electric automobile, the first robot determines a target rechargeable battery pack station (which is fully charged) according to an instruction of the management system, and then moves to a corresponding position along the X direction; a first fork of the first robot stretches towards an appointed station and reaches the lower part of the battery pack;

the first fork of the first robot rises and stops when rising to a set height; retracting the first fork of the first robot to a neutral position; the first robot carries the battery pack and moves towards the second robot until reaching the end point position; the second fork of the second robot extends in the direction of the first fork.

The lifting mechanism of the second robot rises until the battery pack is completely separated from the first fork; the second fork of the second robot retracts to the middle position; the second robot moves simultaneously in the Y-direction translation, Z-direction lifting and Z-axis rotation to recover the stored memory posture; the second fork extends in the direction of the truck.

The lifting mechanism of the second robot descends until the battery pack is in place, and the second fork is completely separated from the battery pack; the second fork returns to the middle position; the second robot moves to return to the zero position simultaneously in the Y direction translation, Z axis rotation and Z direction lifting.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an electric truck trades electric installation which characterized in that: under a virtual three-dimensional coordinate system; the device comprises a power supply, a control circuit, sensors and a battery pack; further comprising:

2. The electric truck power exchanging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the Z-axis rotating mechanism comprises a rotary support and a rotary driving assembly which enables the rotary support to rotate around the Z axis; the rotary support is a rotary bearing, and the rotary driving component is a hydraulic ejector rod or an electric ejector rod.

3. The electric truck power exchanging device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the rotation angle of the rotation mechanism around the Z axis is +/-5 degrees.

4. The electric truck power exchanging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first lifting mechanism and the second lifting mechanism comprise a plurality of groups of link mechanisms, driving assemblies and guide slideways, and the driving assemblies are electric screw rods or hydraulic oil cylinders.

5. The electric truck power exchanging device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the connecting rod mechanism is a scissor telescopic arm, the scissor telescopic arm at least comprises a first fork arm, and one end of the first fork arm is a fixed end and is connected with a bottom rotating shaft of the first fork; the other end is a movable end, is connected with the guide slideway in a matching way and slides in the fork arm guide slideway; the driving assembly drives the movable end to slide along the direction of the fork arm guide slideway, so that the supporting plate is lifted.

6. The electric truck power exchanging device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: a supporting shaft can be arranged in the middle of the first fork arm, one end of the second fork arm is rotatably connected to the supporting shaft, and the other end of the second fork arm is rotatably connected with the supporting plate.

7. The electric truck power exchanging device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the electric screw rod comprises a speed reducing motor and a screw rod device, the screw rod is connected with a pair of screw rod nuts, the nuts are connected with the movable end of the first fork arm, and the movable end of the first fork arm moves along the fork arm guide slideway when the screw rod rotates, so that the upper panel of the elevator can move up and down.

8. The electric truck power exchanging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first robot is matched with the horizontal guide rail through a plurality of guide rollers, and the horizontal guide rail limits the guide rollers to move in the Y-axis direction; the first robot drives the first robot to walk along the horizontal guide rail through the X-axis walking mechanism; the X-axis walking mechanism comprises an X-axis walking drive and transmission assembly; the X-axis walking drive comprises a driving motor and a speed reducer; the transmission component is selected from a gear and rack transmission component, a chain wheel and chain transmission component, a pulley and a steel wire rope transmission component.

9. The electric power replacing device for the electric truck as claimed in claim 8, wherein: when the transmission assembly is a gear and a rack, the rack is horizontally fixed, a gear matched with the rack is installed on an output shaft of the gear motor, and the movement on the X axis of the first robot is controlled through the forward and reverse rotation of the gear motor.

10. The electric truck power exchanging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first fork and the second fork are sequentially opened by a speed reducing motor, a gear set and a chain wheel.

11. The electric power replacing device for the electric truck as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the upside of going up fork subassembly be provided with the direction reference column, with the locating hole that corresponds support ear downside setting on the battery package matches, restricts the position of battery package on the fork jointly to in operation to first robot from the second robot with the battery package, and then the accuracy is placed on the frame that charges.

12. The electric power replacing device for the electric truck as claimed in claim 11, wherein: the upper fork assembly is provided with two guide positioning columns, the heads of the guide positioning columns are conical, and the battery pack can be automatically guided into the holes and positioned within an error range of +/-20 mm; one of the positioning holes is a circular positioning hole, and the other positioning hole is a long waist-shaped positioning hole.

13. The electric truck power exchanging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the maximum X-axis working distance of the electric truck battery replacement device is as follows: 15 m; the maximum working distance of the Y axis is 3.2 m: the maximum working distance in the Z-axis direction is as follows: 3.5 m.

14. The electric truck power exchanging device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: the accommodating space is a cuboid box body; the truck battery replacement station is suitable for realizing rapid movement through the road flat trailer so as to rapidly establish the truck battery replacement station, and is particularly suitable for replacing heavy electric truck batteries in the scenes of mining, container terminals, relatively fixed transportation of medium and short distance routes and the like.