CN215768856U - Gas discharge tube life detection device - Google Patents
Gas discharge tube life detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN215768856U CN215768856U CN202120721773.4U CN202120721773U CN215768856U CN 215768856 U CN215768856 U CN 215768856U CN 202120721773 U CN202120721773 U CN 202120721773U CN 215768856 U CN215768856 U CN 215768856U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a gas discharge tube life detection device, comprising: an optical acquisition circuit and a control circuit; the light collection circuit is connected with the control circuit; the light collecting circuit is used for collecting a light intensity signal sent by the gas discharge tube when the gas discharge tube is struck by lightning and converting the light intensity signal into an electric signal which can be collected by the control circuit; and the control circuit is used for processing the electric signals generated by the optical acquisition circuit so as to obtain the lightning stroke times and the lightning stroke current value of the gas discharge tube. The utility model uses the characteristic that the gas discharge tube can generate arc light/glow when passing lightning current, collects the light intensity of the gas discharge tube when being struck by lightning through the photosensitive diode, counts the number of times of the lightning strike on the gas discharge tube, the current magnitude of the lightning strike and other information, and indirectly judges the service life of the gas discharge tube.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of lightning protection, in particular to a device and a method for detecting the service life of a gas discharge tube.
Background
In the lightning protection industry, the lightning protection component that commonly uses is piezo-resistor and gas discharge tube, and to piezo-resistor, belongs to voltage limiting type device, because when it passes through the lightning current, self can generate heat, can judge whether there is the flow through of lightning current through the change of self temperature, and then judges its life-span, perhaps thermal trip gear instructs. However, since the gas discharge tube is a switching type device, and has only two states of off and on, and when a lightning current flows, the amount of heat generation is very low, and therefore, it is not practical to detect the discharge tube by a heat generation method similar to that of a varistor. The gas discharge tube is the most commonly used in signal lightning protection products, so it is very important to detect whether the gas discharge tube fails or not.
The interior of the gas discharge tube is filled with inert gas with stable electrical performance and is connected in a circuit to be protected. When certain voltage is applied to two ends of the discharge tube, inert gas in the discharge tube starts to dissociate under the influence of an electric field, when the voltage exceeds the insulation strength of the gas, the gap between electrodes of the discharge tube is subjected to discharge breakdown, the discharge tube is changed from an original open circuit state to a short circuit state, and therefore large current is released and voltage is limited, and then rear-end equipment is protected.
Based on the electrical characteristics of the gas discharge tube, in the prior art, a lightning protection element tester is basically adopted for detecting the performance of the gas discharge tube, but the lightning protection element tester is limited by the reasons of volume and cost, and cannot realize real-time detection, namely on-line real-time monitoring, of the gas discharge tube in an actual application loop.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a device and a method for detecting the service life of a gas discharge tube. The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
a gas discharge tube life detection apparatus comprising: an optical acquisition circuit and a control circuit; the light collection circuit is connected with the control circuit; wherein:
the light collecting circuit is used for collecting a light intensity signal sent by the gas discharge tube when the gas discharge tube is struck by lightning and converting the light intensity signal into an electric signal which can be collected by the control circuit;
and the control circuit is used for processing the electric signals generated by the optical acquisition circuit so as to obtain the lightning stroke times and the lightning stroke current value of the gas discharge tube.
Optionally, the light collection circuit comprises: the circuit comprises a photodiode D1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a triode Q1 and a third resistor R3; wherein:
the anode of the D1 is respectively connected with the first end of the R2 and the base of the Q1; the cathode of the D1 is respectively connected with the second end of the R1 and the control circuit; the collector of the Q1 is connected with the second end of the R3 and the control circuit; the emitter of Q1 is grounded; a first end of the R1 is connected with a first power supply; a second end of R2 is grounded; a first end of R3 is connected to a second power supply.
Optionally, the control circuit comprises: a signal amplification sub-circuit and a single chip microcomputer; wherein:
the cathode of the photosensitive diode D1 is connected with the signal amplification sub-circuit; the signal amplification sub-circuit is connected with an AD port of the singlechip; the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the I/O port of the singlechip;
the signal amplification sub-circuit obtains a voltage analog signal of the photosensitive diode D1, amplifies the voltage analog signal and supplies the amplified voltage analog signal to the single chip microcomputer for AD acquisition;
the singlechip is used for calculating the lightning stroke times of the gas discharge tube through the signal input of the I/O port; the singlechip is used for acquiring the voltage value change of the gas discharge tube under the lightning impact through the signal input of the AD port, and further judging the lightning current; and the single chip microcomputer judges the deterioration degree of the gas discharge tube by counting the number of times of lightning impulse received by the gas discharge tube and the size of lightning current flowing through the gas discharge tube.
Optionally, the signal amplification sub-circuit further comprises:
a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a first operational amplifier AMP1, and a second operational amplifier AMP 2; wherein:
a first end of R4 is connected to a second end of R1; the second end of R4 is respectively connected with the negative input end of AMP1 and the first end of R6; a first end of R5 is connected with the positive input end of AMP1, and a second end of R5 is grounded; a second end of the R6 is respectively connected with an output end of the AMP1 and a negative input end of the AMP 2; the positive input end of AMP2 is respectively connected with the output end of AMP2 and the first end of R7; the second end of the R7 is respectively connected with the AD port of the singlechip and the first end of the R8; the second end of R8 is connected to ground.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: a display unit connected to the control circuit; the display unit is used for displaying the number of lightning strokes, the lightning stroke time, the lightning stroke current value and the deterioration degree of the gas discharge tube.
Optionally, the display unit includes: a PC machine; the single chip microcomputer is connected with the PC.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
the utility model uses the characteristic that the gas discharge tube can generate arc light/glow light when passing lightning current, acquires the light intensity of the gas discharge tube when being struck by lightning through the photosensitive diode, counts the times of the discharge tube being struck by lightning, the current magnitude of the lightning and other information, and indirectly judges the service life of the gas discharge tube, thereby realizing the real-time detection of the gas discharge tube in the actual application loop; the utility model also has the advantages of high detection precision, simple structure, low cost and easy realization.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the utility model will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a life detection apparatus for a gas discharge tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a signal amplification sub-circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the display units according to the embodiment of the utility model.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the utility model, but are not intended to limit the utility model in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the utility model. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment discloses a gas discharge tube life detection apparatus, including: an optical acquisition circuit, a control circuit, a display unit; the light collection circuit, the control circuit and the display unit are connected in sequence;
wherein:
the light collecting circuit is used for collecting a light intensity signal sent by the gas discharge tube when the gas discharge tube is struck by lightning and converting the light intensity signal into an electric signal which can be collected by the control circuit;
and the control circuit is used for processing the electric signals generated by the optical acquisition circuit so as to obtain the lightning stroke times and the lightning stroke current value of the gas discharge tube.
And the display unit is used for displaying the number of lightning strokes, the lightning stroke time, the lightning stroke current and the deterioration degree of the gas discharge tube.
It should be noted that: one of the important phenomena of gas discharge is glow/arc discharge, and the embodiment utilizes the characteristic that when the gas inside the gas discharge tube is impacted by lightning, breakdown discharge is caused to cause the glow/arc discharge, and judges whether lightning stroke occurs and the magnitude of lightning stroke current by collecting the light intensity (namely, light intensity signal) of the glow/arc discharge.
The gas discharge tubes are provided at both ends X1 and X2 of the protected circuit to form a discharge tube protection circuit.
Wherein the light collection circuit comprises: the circuit comprises a photodiode D1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a triode Q1 and a third resistor R3; r1 is a current limiting resistor, R2 is a voltage dividing resistor, and R3 is a pull-up resistor. In this embodiment, the distance between the photodiode and the gas discharge tube is 3 mm. This is merely an example and the utility model is not limited to the described distances.
Wherein:
the anode of the D1 is respectively connected with the first end of the R2 and the base of the Q1; the cathode of the D1 is respectively connected with the second end of the R1 and the control circuit; the collector of the Q1 is connected with the second end of the R3 and the control circuit; the emitter of Q1 is grounded; a first end of the R1 is connected with a first power supply; a second end of R2 is grounded; a first end of R3 is connected to a second power supply. In this embodiment, the first power supply is 5V, and the second power supply is 3.3V. Here, the present invention is only by way of example, and the values of the first power source and the second power source are not limited thereto.
When no lightning current is impacted, a gas discharge tube in the discharge tube protection circuit is not broken down, the photosensitive diode D1 does not detect a light source, the D1 is cut off, the triode Q1 is also cut off, and a collector (C electrode) of the triode Q1 outputs high level due to the existence of a pull-up resistor R3; when lightning current impacts, a gas discharge tube in the discharge tube protection circuit is broken down, a glow arc phenomenon is generated in the breakdown process, after the photosensitive diode detects light, the diode D1 is conducted, the R1, the D1 and the R2 divide the voltage, the base electrode of the triode Q1 is conducted with the positive direction of the emitting electrode (BE pole), and the collector electrode outputs low level.
Wherein the control circuit comprises: a signal amplification sub-circuit and a single chip microcomputer; in this embodiment, the single chip microcomputer model is STM32F103C8T 6. The utility model is not limited to the type of the single chip microcomputer.
Wherein:
the cathode of the photosensitive diode D1 is connected with the signal amplification sub-circuit; the signal amplification sub-circuit is connected with an AD port of the singlechip; the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the I/O port of the singlechip;
the signal amplification sub-circuit obtains a voltage analog signal of the photosensitive diode D1, amplifies the voltage analog signal and supplies the amplified voltage analog signal to the single chip microcomputer for AD acquisition;
the singlechip is used for calculating the lightning stroke times of the gas discharge tube through the signal input of the I/O port; the singlechip is used for acquiring the voltage value change of the gas discharge tube under the lightning impact through the signal input of the AD port, and further judging the lightning current; and the single chip microcomputer judges the deterioration degree of the gas discharge tube by counting the number of times of lightning impulse received by the gas discharge tube and the size of lightning current flowing through the gas discharge tube.
In the optical acquisition circuit, two signals are sent to the control circuit, wherein one signal is a logic high-low level (defined as DI) output by a collector (C pole) of a triode Q1 and is directly sent to an I/O port of a singlechip; the other path is a voltage analog signal of a photosensitive diode D1, and the analog signal needs to be processed to obtain a voltage signal (defined as AI here) which is then sent to an AD port of the singlechip.
Because the lightning strike current impact time in the circuit is very short, the logic level detection of the singlechip adopts an interruption detection mode, so that the hardware resource of the singlechip is saved on one hand, and the detection speed is improved on the other hand. And for the collection of the analog voltage, a DMA mode is adopted, a threshold level is set, and once the voltage exceeds the threshold voltage, the single chip microcomputer reads an AD conversion result from the memory and judges the voltage value. Therefore, whether lightning stroke occurs or not is detected through the DI, and the magnitude of lightning stroke current is judged through the AI. It should be noted that setting the threshold level is only an optional processing manner, and is intended to reduce resource consumption of the single chip microcomputer. In other embodiments, the threshold may not be set, and a full acquisition mode may be adopted. Therefore, the utility model does not limit the specific working mode of the singlechip.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 2, the signal amplifying sub-circuit further comprises:
a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a first operational amplifier AMP1, and a second operational amplifier AMP 2; wherein:
a first end of R4 is connected to a second end of R1; the second end of R4 is respectively connected with the negative input end of AMP1 and the first end of R6; a first end of R5 is connected with the positive input end of AMP1, and a second end of R5 is grounded; a second end of the R6 is respectively connected with an output end of the AMP1 and a negative input end of the AMP 2; the positive input end of AMP2 is respectively connected with the output end of AMP2 and the first end of R7; the second end of the R7 is respectively connected with the AD port of the singlechip and the first end of the R8; the second end of R8 is connected to ground.
Ui in the signal processing circuit is the cathode voltage value of the photosensitive diode, and is subjected to two-stage amplification processing, wherein in the first stage, an operational amplifier AMP1, resistors R4, R5 and R6 form a reverse proportion operational amplification circuit, and in the second stage, the operational amplifier forms a voltage follower which has an isolation effect. Because the reference voltage of the singlechip is 3.3V, the output Uo of the operational amplifier is subjected to voltage division through two resistors R7 and R8 and then is sent to an AD port of the singlechip.
As shown in fig. 3, wherein the display unit includes: a PC machine; the single chip microcomputer is connected with the PC. In specific implementation, the two are not directly connected, but connected by the following way: the single chip microcomputer is connected with 485-to-Ethernet equipment through RS485, the 485-to-Ethernet equipment is connected with the switch through a network cable, and the switch is connected with the PC through the network cable. The switch is a commonly used network switch. And the PC is provided with iCore management software. Wherein, the SPD is a surge protector.
The design idea of the embodiment is based on the research and demonstration of the Thomson theory on the glow arc discharge tube, the theory verifies that different critical breakdown electric field intensities Ec exist for different gap media, and when the electric field E in the gap is lower than Ec, the gap cannot be broken down. In the thomson criterion, the ionization coefficient α increases with the increase in the applied electric field intensity E, and the ionization effect of electrons also increases. Based on the thought, the gas discharge tube can generate different light intensities when being impacted by lightning strike currents of different magnitudes, the light intensity can be increased along with the increase of the lightning strike currents, and a certain relation is met, namely, the voltage value of the gas discharge tube under the lightning strike and the lightning strike current value meet a certain relation.
The relationship between the voltage value of the gas discharge tube when struck by lightning and the value of the lightning strike current can be obtained in advance. The obtaining mode can adopt a large amount of tests, and the experimental regularity existing between the light intensity emitted by the gas discharge tube when being impacted and the lightning current is found out through a statistical method, so that the relation between the voltage value of the gas discharge tube when being impacted by lightning and the lightning current value is obtained. In other embodiments, the relationship between the two can be obtained by other methods, and the utility model is not limited thereto.
And the singlechip can calculate the corresponding lightning current value according to the relation through the voltage value. The larger the voltage value is, the higher the light intensity is, and the more serious the lightning stroke is.
The control circuit sends the collected lightning stroke information (whether lightning stroke exists or not and the magnitude of the lightning stroke current) to 485-conversion Ethernet equipment through an R485 interface, and then the lightning stroke information is uploaded to a PC through a switch, and the frequency of lightning stroke, the time of the lightning stroke, the magnitude of the lightning stroke current and the degradation degree of the gas discharge tube in the operation process of the equipment are displayed on a display screen of the PC.
The embodiment also discloses a method for detecting the service life of the gas discharge tube, which is applied to the device and comprises the following steps:
s1: the gas power generation tube is struck by lightning;
s2: d1 is conducted, and Q1 is conducted; two paths of signals are generated and are respectively input from an AD port and an I/O port of the singlechip;
s3: the single chip microcomputer inputs and calculates the number of lightning strokes through an I/O port;
s4: the singlechip is used for acquiring the voltage value change of the gas discharge tube under the lightning impact through the signal input of the AD port, and further judging the lightning current; the single chip microcomputer judges the deterioration degree of the gas discharge tube by counting the number of times of lightning impulse on the gas discharge tube and the size of lightning current flowing through the gas discharge tube;
s5: the singlechip sends the information of the lightning stroke frequency, the lightning stroke current, the lightning stroke time and the deterioration degree of the gas discharge tube to the PC for display.
Before step S4, the method further includes the following steps:
the relationship between the voltage value of the gas discharge tube when the gas discharge tube is impacted by lightning and the lightning stroke current value is obtained in advance.
In the embodiment, the performance of the discharge tube is judged in an indirect mode by collecting the arc light of the gas discharge tube in the lightning stroke during working and counting the lightning stroke times/the lightning stroke current, when the lightning stroke times exceed a certain numerical value (defined according to the technical specification of the discharge tube), the performance of the discharge tube is considered to be degraded, and a user is prompted to change the performance of the discharge tube through a PC (personal computer) so as to ensure that rear-end equipment is well protected.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the utility model. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (6)
1. A gas discharge tube life detection apparatus, comprising: an optical acquisition circuit and a control circuit; the light collection circuit is connected with the control circuit; wherein:
the light collecting circuit is used for collecting a light intensity signal sent by the gas discharge tube when the gas discharge tube is struck by lightning and converting the light intensity signal into an electric signal which can be collected by the control circuit;
and the control circuit is used for processing the electric signals generated by the optical acquisition circuit so as to obtain the lightning stroke times and the lightning stroke current value of the gas discharge tube.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light collection circuit comprises: the circuit comprises a photodiode D1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a triode Q1 and a third resistor R3; wherein:
the anode of the D1 is respectively connected with the first end of the R2 and the base of the Q1; the cathode of the D1 is respectively connected with the second end of the R1 and the control circuit; the collector of the Q1 is connected with the second end of the R3 and the control circuit; the emitter of Q1 is grounded; a first end of the R1 is connected with a first power supply; a second end of R2 is grounded; a first end of R3 is connected to a second power supply.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the control circuit comprises: a signal amplification sub-circuit and a single chip microcomputer; wherein:
the cathode of the photosensitive diode D1 is connected with the signal amplification sub-circuit; the signal amplification sub-circuit is connected with an AD port of the singlechip; the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the I/O port of the singlechip;
the signal amplification sub-circuit obtains a voltage analog signal of the photosensitive diode D1, amplifies the voltage analog signal and supplies the amplified voltage analog signal to the single chip microcomputer for AD acquisition;
the singlechip is used for calculating the lightning stroke times of the gas discharge tube through the signal input of the I/O port; the singlechip is used for acquiring the voltage value change of the gas discharge tube under the lightning impact through the signal input of the AD port, and further judging the lightning current; and the single chip microcomputer judges the deterioration degree of the gas discharge tube by counting the number of times of lightning impulse received by the gas discharge tube and the size of lightning current flowing through the gas discharge tube.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the signal amplification sub-circuit further comprises:
a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a first operational amplifier AMP1, and a second operational amplifier AMP 2; wherein:
a first end of R4 is connected to a second end of R1; the second end of R4 is respectively connected with the negative input end of AMP1 and the first end of R6; a first end of R5 is connected with the positive input end of AMP1, and a second end of R5 is grounded; a second end of the R6 is respectively connected with an output end of the AMP1 and a negative input end of the AMP 2; the positive input end of AMP2 is respectively connected with the output end of AMP2 and the first end of R7; the second end of the R7 is respectively connected with the AD port of the singlechip and the first end of the R8; the second end of R8 is connected to ground.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising: a display unit connected to the control circuit; the display unit is used for displaying the number of lightning strokes, the lightning stroke time, the lightning stroke current value and the deterioration degree of the gas discharge tube.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the display unit comprises: a PC machine; the single chip microcomputer is connected with the PC.
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| CN202120721773.4U CN215768856U (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Gas discharge tube life detection device |
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| CN202120721773.4U CN215768856U (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Gas discharge tube life detection device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111610386A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2020-09-01 | 深圳抛物线科技有限公司 | Method for calculating service life of surge protector |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111610386A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2020-09-01 | 深圳抛物线科技有限公司 | Method for calculating service life of surge protector |
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