Background technology
Along with the intelligentized fast development of China's electrical network, the reliability of various smart machine seems extremely important.Wherein the reliability of metal oxide arrester directly affects the safe operation of other equipment in electric power system, and the operating state of therefore monitoring metal oxide arrester becomes and becomes more and more important.
Gapless metal-oxide lighting arrester is primarily of the part such as insulator, resistor disc and dielectric framework composition, and wherein important basic structure is exactly resistor disc, is to be connected by metal zinc oxide resistor disc and/or compose in parallel and without lightning arrester that is in parallel or series spark gap.Zinc oxide resistance sheet has the nonlinear characteristic be highly profitable, and having, the resistance presented under the high voltages such as thunderbolt is very little, a large amount of lightning current and residual voltage is very low of can releasing; Under electrical network normal operating voltage, the resistance that lightning arrester presents is very large, and leakage current only has 50 μ A ~ 150 μ A, and electric current is too small be can be considered without power frequency continued flow.
Because metal oxide arrester does not have discharging gap, zinc oxide resistance sheet bears working voltage for a long time, and has leakage current constantly to flow through each series resistance sheet of lightning arrester, and the size of this electric current depends on the degree of aging of the thermally-stabilised of lightning arrester and resistor disc.Lightning arrester is generally arranged on outdoor, and be easy to make moist, there is filth on aging and surface, this all can make the normal insulation level over the ground of lightning arrester reduce, and leakage current increases, directly breakdown and damage.Therefore, can using a kind of important means of leakage current as monitoring lightning arrester quality condition measuring lightning arrester.
The conventional method of monitoring lightning arrester quality condition carries out periodicity prophylactic tria, under lightning arrester power down mode, namely detect lightning arrester direct current 1mA lower critical action reference voltage U
1mAwith 75% U
1mAunder leakage current, by test can check whether the valve block of lightning arrester makes moist, determine whether its performance meets the requirements.Periodically the measurement result of prophylactic tria accurately and reliably, but the lightning arrester under normal operating conditions all will accept periodically prophylactic tria, causes and detect the wasting of resources, detection efficiency is low.Further, periodically prophylactic tria must make lightning arrester power failure carry out, and adopts the cost of the method monitoring lightning arrester quality condition very high.
Summary of the invention
To be solved by this invention is adopt that the cost of periodically prophylactic tria monitoring lightning arrester quality condition is high, efficiency is low, detect the problem of the wasting of resources.
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of warning circuit of monitoring lightning arrester deterioration, comprise piezo-resistance, choking-winding, the first resistance, current transformer, the second resistance, voltage comparator circuit, NPN triode, electromagnetic relay, fly-wheel diode and voice guard;
One end of described piezo-resistance connects the output of lightning arrester and one end of described choking-winding, the other end of described piezo-resistance connects one end of the primary coil of described current transformer and ground connection, the other end of described choking-winding connects one end of described first resistance, and the other end of described first resistance connects the other end of the primary coil of described current transformer;
One end of the secondary coil of described current transformer connects one end of described second resistance and the input of described voltage comparator circuit, the other end of the secondary coil of described current transformer connects the other end of described second resistance and the emitter of described NPN triode, and the output of described voltage comparator circuit connects the base stage of described NPN triode;
The collector electrode of described NPN triode connects one end of the coil of described electromagnetic relay and the anode of described fly-wheel diode, the negative electrode of described fly-wheel diode connects the other end of the coil of described electromagnetic relay and is suitable for reception first supply voltage, a contact of described electromagnetic relay is suitable for receiving second source voltage, another contact of described electromagnetic relay connects the power end of described voice guard, and described voltage comparator circuit is suitable for controlling described NPN triode ON at the voltage of its input higher than during the threshold voltage preset.
Optionally, the warning circuit of described monitoring lightning arrester deterioration also comprises transient voltage suppressor;
One end of described transient voltage suppressor connects the other end of described choking-winding, the other end ground connection of described transient voltage suppressor.
Optionally, the warning circuit of described monitoring lightning arrester deterioration also comprises the first voltage stabilizing didoe and the second voltage stabilizing didoe;
The anode of described first voltage stabilizing didoe connects the other end of described choking-winding, and the negative electrode of described first voltage stabilizing didoe connects the negative electrode of described second voltage stabilizing didoe, the plus earth of described second voltage stabilizing didoe.
Optionally, the warning circuit of described monitoring lightning arrester deterioration also comprises filter capacitor;
One end of described filter capacitor connects the output of described voltage comparator circuit, and the other end of described filter capacitor connects the other end of described second resistance.
Optionally, described voltage comparator circuit is voltage compare chip, gas discharge tube or two-way admittance diode.
Optionally, described electromagnetic relay is dynamic circuit connector type electromagnetic relay.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
The warning circuit of monitoring lightning arrester provided by the invention deterioration comprises two current circuits: a current circuit connects the output of lightning arrester directly to ground by piezo-resistance, the thunder-strike current that when being struck by lightning for transmission line of releasing, lightning arrester is released; Another current circuit is made up of devices such as choking-winding, the first resistance, current transformer, the second resistance, voltage comparator circuit, NPN triode, electromagnetic relay, fly-wheel diode and voice guards, for the leakage current of lightning arrester of releasing, and control described voice guard when the leakage current peak value of lightning arrester is greater than the current value of setting and carry out sounding alarm.Patrolling transmission line personnel are by checking described voice guard whether sounding, can judge that lightning arrester is the need of carrying out periodicity prophylactic tria intuitively, thus save detection resource, raising detection efficiency, alleviate lightning arrester power failure proof strength, strengthen the reliability of electrical network.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, to the detailed description further of the present invention's do, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Fig. 1 is a kind of electrical block diagram of monitoring the warning circuit of lightning arrester deterioration that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and the warning circuit of described monitoring lightning arrester deterioration comprises piezo-resistance R10, choking-winding L11, the first resistance R11, current transformer L12, the second resistance R12, voltage comparator circuit 11, NPN triode Q1, electromagnetic relay JH1, sustained diode 11 and voice guard 12.
Particularly, one end of described piezo-resistance R10 connects the output of lightning arrester 10 and one end of described choking-winding L11, the other end of described piezo-resistance R10 connects one end of the primary coil of described current transformer L12 and ground connection, the other end of described choking-winding L11 connects one end of described first resistance R11, and the other end of described first resistance R11 connects the other end of the primary coil of described current transformer L12; One end of the secondary coil of described current transformer L12 connects described one end of second resistance R12 and the input of described voltage comparator circuit 10, the other end of the secondary coil of described current transformer L12 connects the other end of described second resistance R12 and the emitter of described NPN triode Q1, and the output of described voltage comparator circuit 11 connects the base stage of described NPN triode Q1; The collector electrode of described NPN triode Q1 connects one end of the coil of described electromagnetic relay JH1 and the anode of described sustained diode 11, the negative electrode of described sustained diode 11 connects the other end of the coil of described electromagnetic relay JH1 and is suitable for reception first supply voltage VCC1, a contact of described electromagnetic relay JH1 is suitable for receiving second source voltage VCC2, and another contact of described electromagnetic relay JH1 connects the power end of described voice guard 12.
The collector electrode that described first supply voltage VCC1 is suitable for described NPN triode Q1 is powered, and can be 5V voltage; Described second source voltage VCC2 is suitable for described voice guard 12 and powers, and can be that direct voltage also for 220V alternating voltage, specifically can be determined according to the power demands of described voice guard 12.Described first supply voltage VCC1 and described second source voltage VCC2 can be provided by transmission line electric supply installation, such as solar cell etc.Further, described electromagnetic relay JH1 is dynamic circuit connector type electromagnetic relay, and when namely not having electric current to flow through the coil of described electromagnetic relay JH1, two contacts of described electromagnetic relay JH1 remain open state.Described voltage comparator circuit 11 is suitable for controlling described NPN triode Q1 conducting at the voltage of its input higher than during the threshold voltage preset, and described threshold voltage sets according to the leakage current standard of lightning arrester 10.Described voltage comparator circuit 11 can be voltage compare chip, gas discharge tube or two-way admittance diode, and the present invention is not construed as limiting this.
Described piezo-resistance R10 is when the output end voltage of lightning arrester 10 is lower than its pressure sensitive voltage, and the electric current flowing through described piezo-resistance R10 is very little, and described piezo-resistance R10 is equivalent to a valve shut; When the output end voltage of lightning arrester 10 is not less than the pressure sensitive voltage of described piezo-resistance R10, the electric current flowing through described piezo-resistance R10 increases sharply, and is equivalent to valve open.Described choking-winding L11 is equivalent to wire with the leakage current of lightning arrester 10 of releasing when transmission line is struck by lightning, the thunder-strike current that impedance increase stops lightning arrester 10 to be released when transmission line is struck by lightning flows through.Described first resistance R11 is for limiting the electric current of the primary coil flowing through described current transformer L12, described current transformer L12 can be the current transformer of 1:1 for primary and secondary turns ratio, high-precision monitoring current can be obtained, and by the circuit of rear end and lightning arrester 10 electrical isolation.The current conversion flowing through the secondary coil of described current transformer L12 is monitoring voltage by described second resistance R12, and described monitoring voltage and the threshold voltage preset compare by described voltage comparator circuit 11.
Below the operation principle of the warning circuit of the monitoring lightning arrester deterioration of the present embodiment is described:
When transmission line is struck by lightning, lightning arrester 10 action, thunder-strike current of releasing within the very short time.According to the characteristic of piezo-resistance and choking-winding, lightning arrester 10 thunder-strike current of releasing is released to greatly by described piezo-resistance R10.
When transmission line is struck by lightning, lightning arrester 10 is failure to actuate, described piezo-resistance R10 presents high impedance status, and the leakage current of lightning arrester 10 is released to greatly by the loop that the primary coil of described choking-winding L11, described first resistance R11 and described current transformer L12 is formed.If the quality condition of lightning arrester 10 is good, the current peak flowing through the secondary coil of described current transformer L12 is very little, the monitoring voltage peak value correspondingly changed into through described second resistance R12 is also very little, lower than described pre-determined threshold voltage, described NPN triode Q1 is in cut-off state, no current flows through the coil of described electromagnetic relay JH1, and two contacts of described electromagnetic relay JH1 are in off-state, and described voice guard 12 to be powered not sounding because of non-transformer, on the contrary, if lightning arrester 10 is because making moist, there are quality problems in the reason such as aging, the leakage current peak value of lightning arrester 10 increases, the current peak flowing through the secondary coil of described current transformer L12 increases, the monitoring voltage peak value correspondingly changed into through described second resistance R12 increases, higher than described pre-determined threshold voltage, described voltage comparator circuit 11 controls described NPN triode Q1 conducting, electric current is had to flow through the coil of described electromagnetic relay JH1, two contacts of described electromagnetic relay JH1 connect, described second source voltage VCC2 is that described voice guard 12 is powered, described voice guard 12 sounding alarm.
The warning circuit of the monitoring lightning arrester deterioration that this enforcement provides, to be released by described piezo-resistance R10 the thunder-strike current of lightning arrester 10, the leakage current of lightning arrester 10 of being released by the primary coil of described choking-winding L11, described first resistance R11 and described current transformer L12.If quality problems appear in lightning arrester 10, when the peak value of the leakage current of lightning arrester 10 arrives, described voice guard 12 sounding once.Patrolling transmission line personnel are by checking described voice guard 12 whether sounding, can judge that lightning arrester 10 is the need of carrying out periodicity prophylactic tria intuitively, thus save detection resource, raising detection efficiency, alleviate lightning arrester power failure proof strength, strengthen the reliability of electrical network.
Fig. 2 is the electrical block diagram of the warning circuit of the another kind monitoring lightning arrester deterioration that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and the warning circuit of described monitoring lightning arrester deterioration comprises piezo-resistance R20, choking-winding L21, the first resistance R21, current transformer L22, the second resistance R22, voltage comparator circuit 21, NPN triode Q2, electromagnetic relay JH2, sustained diode 21, voice guard 22 and transient voltage suppressor D22.The syndeton of described piezo-resistance R20, described choking-winding L21, described first resistance R21, described current transformer L22, described second resistance R22, described voltage comparator circuit 21, described NPN triode Q2, described electromagnetic relay JH2, described sustained diode 21 and described voice guard 22 and the function embodiment corresponding with Fig. 1 similar, do not repeat them here.One end of described transient voltage suppressor D22 connects the other end of described choking-winding L21, the other end ground connection of described transient voltage suppressor D22.
Compared with the embodiment that Fig. 1 is corresponding; the warning circuit of the monitoring lightning arrester deterioration of the present embodiment connects described transient voltage suppressor D22 between the other end and ground of described choking-winding L21; described current transformer L22 can be protected further from the damage of thunderbolt, improve the reliability of the warning circuit of monitoring lightning arrester deterioration further.
Fig. 3 is the electrical block diagram of the warning circuit of the another kind monitoring lightning arrester deterioration that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and the warning circuit of described monitoring lightning arrester deterioration comprises piezo-resistance R30, choking-winding L31, the first resistance R31, current transformer L32, the second resistance R32, voltage comparator circuit 31, NPN triode Q3, electromagnetic relay JH3, sustained diode 31, voice guard 32, first voltage stabilizing didoe D32 and the second voltage stabilizing didoe D33.The syndeton of described piezo-resistance R30, described choking-winding L31, described first resistance R31, described current transformer L32, described second resistance R32, described voltage comparator circuit 31, described NPN triode Q3, described electromagnetic relay JH3, described sustained diode 31 and described voice guard 32 and the function embodiment corresponding with Fig. 1 similar, do not repeat them here.The anode of described first voltage stabilizing didoe D32 connects the other end of described choking-winding L31, and the negative electrode of described first voltage stabilizing didoe D32 connects the negative electrode of described second voltage stabilizing didoe D33, the plus earth of described second voltage stabilizing didoe D33.
Compared with the embodiment that Fig. 1 is corresponding; the warning circuit of the monitoring lightning arrester deterioration of the present embodiment connects described first voltage stabilizing didoe D32 and described second voltage stabilizing didoe D33 between the other end and ground of described choking-winding L21; described current transformer L32 can be protected further from the damage of thunderbolt, improve the reliability of the warning circuit of monitoring lightning arrester deterioration further.
Fig. 4 is the electrical block diagram of the warning circuit of the another kind monitoring lightning arrester deterioration that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and the warning circuit of described monitoring lightning arrester deterioration comprises piezo-resistance R40, choking-winding L41, the first resistance R41, current transformer L42, the second resistance R42, voltage comparator circuit 41, NPN triode Q4, electromagnetic relay JH4, sustained diode 41, voice guard 42 and filter capacitor C1.The syndeton of described piezo-resistance R40, described choking-winding L41, described first resistance R41, described current transformer L42, described second resistance R42, described voltage comparator circuit 41, described NPN triode Q4, described electromagnetic relay JH4, described sustained diode 41 and described voice guard 42 and the function embodiment corresponding with Fig. 1 similar, do not repeat them here.One end of described filter capacitor C1 connects the output of described voltage comparator circuit 41, and the other end of described filter capacitor C1 connects the other end of described second resistance R42.
Compared with the embodiment that Fig. 1 is corresponding, the warning circuit of the monitoring lightning arrester deterioration of the present embodiment connects described filter capacitor C1 between the output and the other end of described second resistance R42 of described voltage comparator circuit 41, filtering can be carried out to the output end voltage of described voltage comparator circuit 41, improve the accuracy triggering described NPN triode Q4 conducting.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not do any pro forma restriction to the present invention, every any simple modification, equivalent variations done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, all falls within protection scope of the present invention.