CN215417153U - Genetic law and permutation combined teaching aid - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a genetic law and permutation combined teaching aid, which comprises a base and a square shell buckled at the top of the base, wherein a lamp bead is fixedly arranged at the center of the top surface of the base, a battery is embedded at one side of the top surface of the base, and the battery is electrically connected with the lamp bead through a button switch; the bottom surface of the base is embedded with a first magnetic ring positioned outside the button switch, and the top surface of the square shell is embedded with a second magnetic ring which is matched with the first magnetic ring in shape and has the same magnetic field direction; the front side and the back side of the square shell are respectively provided with a serial number mark, a display-recessive shape mark, a male-female mark and a gene order-replacing mark, and the front side of the square shell is respectively rotatably provided with a first shielding plate and a second shielding plate; the right side of the square shell is respectively provided with a socket and a plug-in connector with the same diameter. The utility model realizes the teaching process of dynamic separation and combination by combining teacher demonstration and manual practice of students, can improve the teaching quality and stimulate the learning enthusiasm of the students.

Description

Genetic law and permutation combined teaching aid

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of teaching aids, in particular to a genetic law and permutation combined teaching aid.

Background

In the course of teaching of middle school biology courses, for the teaching of the separation law and the free combination law in the genetic law, a demonstration picture of a teaching material or a blackboard writing and calligraphy genome of a teacher are usually used for demonstration and explanation, however, the way of explaining a dynamic process by referring to a static picture is relatively boring for students and is not easy to understand and master; in the middle school mathematics teaching process, for the teaching of permutation and combination knowledge points, a teacher often draws a certain number of objects in chalk blackboard writing, and the teaching of the combination process is carried out in a way of being guided by circles or arrows.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a teaching aid for genetic law and permutation combination.

In order to realize the effect, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:

a genetic law and permutation combination teaching aid comprises a base and a square shell buckled at the top of the base, wherein a lamp bead positioned in the square shell is fixedly installed in the center of the top surface of the base, a battery is embedded in one side of the top surface of the base, and the battery is electrically connected with the lamp bead through a button switch arranged in the center of the bottom surface of the base;

the bottom surface of the base is embedded with a first magnetic ring positioned outside the button switch, and the top surface of the square shell is embedded with a second magnetic ring which is matched with the first magnetic ring in shape and has the same magnetic field direction;

the front side surface and the rear side surface of the square shell are respectively provided with a serial number mark, a display-recessive shape mark, a female-male mark and a gene order-replacing mark, and the front side surface of the square shell is respectively rotatably provided with a first shielding plate and a second shielding plate;

the right side of the square shell is respectively provided with a socket and a plug-in connector with the same diameter.

Furthermore, the square shell is made of transparent plastic materials.

Furthermore, the square shell and the base form a cube, and the side length of the cube is 50mm to 100 mm.

Furthermore, the rotating shaft of the first shielding plate is located in the middle of the male-female mark, and the first baffle covers one end of the male-female mark.

Furthermore, the front side surface of the square shell is provided with limiting rods positioned on two sides below the rotating shaft of the first baffle plate, and the first baffle plate is lapped on the limiting rods.

Furthermore, the rotating shaft of the second shielding plate is arranged in the middle of the gene generation sequence mark, and a notch is formed in the edge of the second shielding plate.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

the utility model provides a teaching aid for genetic law and permutation combination, which adopts a square box body to represent a dynamically separated or combined object, realizes pairing through insertion, realizes combination through magnetic attraction, represents the expression condition of a visible and invisible shape through illumination or not, represents the initial source of a combined weight object through identification, and combines teacher demonstration and manual practice of students, thereby effectively improving the teaching quality, exciting the learning enthusiasm of the students, being beneficial to enhancing the understanding and memory of the students on knowledge points and being more in line with the teaching requirement of the quality education in the middle school stage.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a second schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the base;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a front view state of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a second front view state of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a three-structure in a front view state according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a front view state four configuration of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a rear view of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram demonstrating the process of separation and combination of a pair of alleles from generation P to generation F1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram demonstrating the separation and combination process of a pair of alleles from generation F1 to generation F2 according to the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating four different digit alignment processes in accordance with the present invention.

Wherein: the device comprises a base 1, a square shell 2, a first magnetic ring 3, a second magnetic ring 4, a lamp bead 5, a battery 6, a button switch 7, a serial number mark 8, a visible-invisible mark 9, a male-female mark 10, a gene order-replacing mark 11, a first shielding plate 12, a second shielding plate 13, a socket 14, a plug 15 and a limiting rod 16.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the utility model easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the utility model.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, a teaching aid for genetic law and permutation combination includes a base 1 and a square housing 2 fastened to the top of the base 1. Wherein, square casing 2 adopts the square shell structure of bottom open-ended that transparent plastic material made for inside lamp pearl 5 circular telegram of its portion is luminous after, and square casing 2 has good light transmissivity. The square shell 2 is colorless or different colors so as to be distinguished, and the locking of the motion trail of the object and the tracking of the source of the object in the teaching demonstration process are facilitated.

The thickness of a 1-bit square plastic thin plate of the base is the same as that of the wall of the square shell 2, and after the square shell 2 is buckled on the base 1, the square shell 2 and the base 1 form a square body. To facilitate manual separation and assembly operations, the cube has sides of 50mm to 100 mm. In this embodiment, the dimensions of the square housing 2 are: length 50mm, width 50mm, height 48mm, wall thickness 2mm, the dimensional specification of base 1 is: the length is 50mm, the width is 50mm, the height is 2mm, and the two are buckled to form a right cube with the length of 50mm, the width of 50mm and the height of 50 mm.

The center of the top surface of the base 1 is provided with a boss, the top surface of the boss is provided with a lamp bead 5 positioned in the square shell 2, and the lamp bead 5 adopts a low-power direct current bulb or an LED lamp piece. A battery 6 is embedded on one side of the top surface of the boss, and the battery 6 is any one of a lithium battery, a button battery and a dry battery. The battery 6 is electrically connected with the lamp bead 5 through a button switch 7 arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the base 1. The surface of the button switch 7 is flush with the bottom surface of the base 1 or is recessed in the bottom surface of the base 1, so that adverse effects caused by the attachment of the side surfaces in the process of combining different cubes are avoided. The power supply and the power off of the lamp bead 5 are realized through the button switch 7, the lamp bead 5 is powered on to emit light to indicate that the gene is a dominant character gene, and the power off and the light off of the lamp bead 5 indicate that the gene is a negative character gene.

The bottom surface of the base 1 is embedded with a first magnetic ring 3 positioned outside the button switch 7, and the top surface of the square shell 2 is embedded with a second magnetic ring 4 which is matched with the first magnetic ring 3 in shape and has the same magnetic field direction. The surface of the first magnetic ring 3 is flush with the bottom surface of the base 1 or is recessed in the bottom surface of the base 1, and the surface of the second magnetic ring 4 is flush with the top surface of the square shell 2 or is recessed in the top surface of the square shell 2, so that adverse effects caused by the attachment of the side surfaces in the process of combining different cubes are avoided. Because the magnetic field directions of the first magnetic ring 3 and the second magnetic ring 4 are consistent and are respectively positioned on the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the cube, the polarities of the outer surfaces of the two magnetic rings 3 are opposite, when the two cubes are vertically overlapped, automatic adsorption can be realized, and a stand column structure is formed.

The right side surface of the square shell 2 is respectively provided with a socket 14 and a plug 15 with the same diameter, and the central point of the socket 14 and the central point of the plug 15 are respectively and symmetrically distributed at two sides of the vertical middle line of the right side surface of the square shell 2, so that the two same square shells 2 can be connected by the relative matching and plugging of the socket 14 and the plug 15, and the matching of the orthotopic genes is simulated.

As shown in fig. 4 to 7, the front side and the back side of the square housing 2 are provided with a serial number mark 8, a explicit-implicit shape mark 9, a male-female mark 10, and a gene order mark 11, and the marks are distributed at the same relative positions on the front side and the back side of the square housing 2, so that the image information of the converted back surface of the front and back sides of the cube is the same. Each mark is a plane image, is used for distinguishing different cubic objects, and can be arranged on the surface of the square shell 2 in a spray printing mode, a film pasting mode, an engraving mode and the like. In this embodiment, each sign adopts the mode of pad pasting to adhere to on square casing 2 to practice thrift the cost, be convenient for change the pad pasting simultaneously, put forward the commonality of cube. The composition and arrangement of the various indicia are described below with reference to the front side only, and the back side is configured with reference to the front side.

Specifically, serial number sign 8 adopts the digital pad pasting, sets up in the middle part of the front flank left side to distinguish different cubes, especially teaching of permutation and combination in the permutation and combination knowledge point in the mathematics, serial number sign 8 still plays the function of digit sequencing. The explicit-implicit character mark 9 adopts a letter film, is arranged below the serial number mark 8, and the square shell 2 with the same color is attached with capital letters or lowercase letters of the same letter to represent the genotype of the allele, for example, A represents an explicit character gene, and a represents an implicit character gene. In this embodiment, only four letters a, B, a, B are needed to correspond to the teaching materials, thereby meeting the teaching requirements. The male-female mark 10 comprises female and male symbols and is arranged on the top of the front side, and the two symbols are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side to represent the sex of a gene male parent in the genetic inheritance of the sexual reproduction organism. The gene order identifier 11 is a letter film, wherein "P" represents "parent", "F1" represents "child generation", and "F2" represents "child generation", and three letters are distributed in a regular triangle and are arranged at the lower right position of the front side.

A first shielding plate 12 and a second shielding plate 13 are rotatably mounted on the front side surface of the square housing 2, respectively. The first shielding plate 12 is a circular thin plate, a rotating shaft is arranged on one side of the edge of the first shielding plate, a shaft hole is formed in the top of the front side face of the square shell 2, and the shaft hole is located at the central point of the horizontal connection of the male symbol and the female symbol. The rotating shaft of the first shielding plate 12 is movably inserted into the shaft hole, so that the first shielding plate 12 can rotate around the rotating shaft, and position switching is realized on two sides of the shaft hole, so that the first shielding plate 12 covers one end of the male-female mark 10, namely, one of the symbols of the male and female marks is covered, and only one of the two symbols of the male and female marks is displayed. Preferably, a shift lever is arranged on the outer side surface of the first shielding plate 12, so that manual transposition operation of the first shielding plate 12 is facilitated.

Furthermore, a limiting rod 16 is arranged on the front side surface of the square housing 2 and is positioned on two sides below the rotating shaft of the first shielding plate 12. When the first shielding plate 12 rotates to the leftmost side, the bottom surface of the first shielding plate 12 is erected on the limiting rod 16 positioned on the left side, and at this time, the symbol "plus" is covered by the first shielding plate 12 alone, as shown in fig. 5; when the first shielding plate 12 rotates to the rightmost side, the bottom surface of the first shielding plate is erected on the limiting rod 16 located on the right side, and at the moment, the symbol "female" is separately covered by the first shielding plate 12, as shown in fig. 4.

The second shielding plate 13 is a thin plate with an approximate heart shape, a notch is formed in the edge of the thin plate, a rotating shaft is arranged in the center of the back surface of the thin plate, and a shaft hole is formed in the bottom of the front side surface of the square shell 2 and is located in the center of a triangle surrounded by the three characters, namely the character "P", "F1" and "F2", of the gene sequence identifier 11. The rotating shaft of the second shielding plate 13 is movably inserted into the shaft hole, so that the second shielding plate 13 can rotate around the rotating shaft to realize position switching, the notch individually corresponds to one of the three characters "P", "F1" and "F2", and the character corresponding to the notch is displayed, and the other two characters are covered, as shown in fig. 5 to 7.

The use process of the teaching aid for demonstrating the genetic law and part of knowledge points in the permutation and combination is explained below.

(1) Simulation demonstration of the separation law:

as shown in FIG. 9, the demonstration of crossing between parents (P generation) homozygote (AA × AA) with a pair of relative traits (A-a) is shown. In the demonstration experiment, in order to meet the rules of gene separation and free combination (determining paired genetic factors of a certain character, which are separated from each other and do not interfere with each other in the meiosis process, so that gametes only have one of the paired genetic factors, thereby generating gametes with two types and equal in number, and being independently inherited to offspring, namely the separation rule of Mendel), the female parent (female parent) selects 2 groups of gene pairs, namely cubes corresponding to 4A genes; likewise, the female parent(s) selected 2 sets of gene pairs, i.e. cubes corresponding to 4 a genes. In this manner, each gamete of the female has an equal chance of pairing with each gamete of the male.

Specifically, the female parent (male parent) is a dominant gene pair of an upper group A-A and a lower group A-A, two cubes of each group are oppositely matched and spliced with a splicing head 15 through a splicing port 14, the upper group and the lower group are adsorbed through magnetic rings, and lamp beads 5 in the four cubes are electrified and lightened; the number corresponding to the serial number mark 8 is '1', and the letter corresponding to the explicit-implicit shape mark 9 is 'A'; the symbol corresponding to the male-female identifier 10 is the female; the character corresponding to the gene order identifier 11 is "P". The male parent (female) is a recessive gene pair of the upper and lower groups a-a, two cubes of each group are oppositely matched and spliced with the splicing head 15 through the splicing port 14, the upper and lower groups are adsorbed through the magnetic ring, and the lamp beads 5 in the four cubes are not lightened; the number corresponding to the serial number mark 8 is '2', and the letter corresponding to the explicit-implicit shape mark 9 is 'a'; the symbol corresponding to the female-male mark 10 is 'male'; the character corresponding to the gene order identifier 11 is "P".

8 cubes can be obtained through manual splitting, two groups of A gene P generation gametes (1A-male parent) and two groups of a gene P generation gametes (2 a-male parent), and the number of the gametes in each group is 2. Combining one of a group of A gene P generation gametes with any one of a group of a gene P generation gametes to obtain a first filial generation heterozygote (1A-male-2 a-female), and adjusting a character corresponding to the gene generation mark 11 to be F1 after combination; then, combining the other one of the group of A gene P generation gametes with any one of the other group of a gene P generation gametes to obtain a second filial generation heterozygote (1A-male-2 a-male), and adjusting the character corresponding to the gene generation sequence identifier 11 to be F1 after combination; then combining one of the other group of A gene P generation gametes with the rest one of the group of a gene P generation gametes to obtain a third filial generation heterozygote (1A-male-2 a-male), and adjusting the character corresponding to the gene sequence identifier 11 to be F1 after combination; and finally, combining the remaining one of the group of A gene P gametes with the remaining one of the group of a gene P gametes to obtain a fourth filial generation heterozygote (1A-male-2 a-male), and adjusting the character corresponding to the gene generation mark 11 to be F1 after combination. Finally, four sub-generation (F1 generation) hybrids (A-a) are obtained, wherein the four hybrids all contain A, and the corresponding lamp beads all emit light, so that the dominant characters are represented by F1, and the separation and free combination process of a pair of relative character genes from a homozygote parent to a first filial generation can be simulated.

As shown in FIG. 10, a demonstration procedure for crossing the parental (generation F1) hybrid (Aa × Aa) parent with a pair of relative traits (A-a) was performed. In the demonstration experiment, in order to meet the rule of gene separation and free combination and facilitate the tracking of the flow direction of the dominant gene (A) and the recessive gene (a), the heterozygote parents obtained in the previous experiment are selected. Female parent (female parent) selects 2 groups of gene pairs, namely a cube corresponding to 2A genes and a cube of two a genes; likewise, the female parent(s) select 2 sets of gene pairs, i.e. cubes corresponding to 2a genes and cubes of two a genes. In this manner, each gamete of the female has an equal chance of pairing with each gamete of the male.

Specifically, a female parent (male parent) is a gene pair of an upper group A-a and a lower group A-a, two cubes of the A-a in each group are oppositely matched and spliced with a splicing head 15 through a splicing port 14, the upper group and the lower group are adsorbed by a magnetic ring, lamp beads 5 in the cubes corresponding to the two A genes are electrified and lightened, a number corresponding to a serial number mark 8 is '1', a letter corresponding to a explicit-implicit shape mark 9 is 'A', and a symbol corresponding to a female-male mark 10 is 'female'; the character corresponding to the gene sequence identifier 11 is 'F1'; the lamp beads 5 in the cube corresponding to the two genes a are not lightened, the number corresponding to the serial number mark 8 is '2', the letter corresponding to the explicit-implicit shape mark 9 is 'a', and the symbol corresponding to the female-male mark 10 is 'female'; the character corresponding to the gene order identifier 11 is "F1". The corresponding symbol of the male parent (male) female-male mark 10 is 'male', and the rest settings are the same as those of the female parent (female).

8 cubes can be obtained through manual splitting, one group of A gene F1 generation gametes (1A-male), one group of a gene P generation gametes (2 a-female), the other group of A gene F1 generation gametes (1A-male) and the other group of a gene P generation gametes (2 a-male), and the number of gametes in each group is 2. Combining one of the 1A-female-parent gene gametes with any one of the 1A-male-parent gene gametes to obtain a first sub-second hybrid (1A-female-1A-male), and adjusting the character corresponding to the gene generation mark 11 to be F2 after combination; then, combining the other 1A-female parent gamete with any one of the 2 a-male parent gametes to obtain a second generation heterozygote (1A-female-2 a-), and adjusting the character corresponding to the gene generation sequence identifier 11 to be F2 after combination; then combining one of the 2 a-female parent gamete with the rest of the 1A-male parent gamete to obtain a third child hybrid (1A-female-2 a-) and adjusting the character corresponding to the gene generation identifier 11 to be F2 after combination; and finally, combining the remaining one of the 2 a-female gamete and the remaining one of the 2 a-male gamete to obtain a fourth-generation hybrid (2 a-female-2 a-male), and adjusting the character corresponding to the gene generation mark 11 to be F2 after combination. Finally, four sub-second generation (F2 generation) heterozygotes are obtained, and of the four heterozygotes, a dominant homozygote (A-A): dominant hybrid (A-a): recessive homozygote (a-a) is 1: 2: 1, dominant trait (a): recessive trait (a) 3: 1, the separation and free combination process of a pair of relative character genes from the first filial generation to the second filial generation can be simulated.

Obviously, more sets of trait genomes can be selected, and the demonstration process of separation and free combination of multiple sets of relative trait genes is completed by adopting the same method. Different characters can be visually shown by setting different colors for the square shell 2; different genotypes can be indicated by setting different letters for the explicit-implicit expression marks 9.

(2) Simulation demonstration of permutation and combination:

in this embodiment, the analog demonstration is composed of four numbers "1", "2", "3" and "4" to form a number of four-digit even numbers which are not repeated, so that a sufficient number of cubes is provided, and the numbers corresponding to the serial number 8 are set to "1", "2", "3" and "4", respectively.

The parity is determined by setting the value of the bit, the optional cube is "2" or "4", the subsequent process is continued by taking the demonstration process of the number "2" as an example, and the demonstration process of the number "4" can refer to the demonstration process of the number "2".

After the cube of the number 2 is selected, the lamp bead 5 is lightened, then the number in ten positions is determined, obviously, three choices of 1, 3 and 4 are provided, then the cubes of two numbers 2 are arranged, and the number of the cubes of the number 2 is 3; now the number "1"Selecting a corresponding cube, lighting a lamp bead 5, placing the lamp bead on the top of one number 2, adsorbing the lamp bead together through a magnetic ring, and then positioning the numbers on hundreds of positions, wherein the numbers are obviously selected from 3 and 4, and the combination of the number 2 and the number 1 is added; selecting a digit 3 on one hundred positions of the combination, and lighting the lamp beads, and selecting a digit 4 only on thousand positions and lighting the lamp beads to finish the arrangement of the first group of digits; and selecting a digit 4 on the other combination in a hundred positions, and lighting the lamp beads, and selecting a digit 3 only in a thousand positions and lighting the lamp beads to finish the arrangement of the second group of digits. In the same way, the setting of hundreds and thousands digits of the combination of the number "2" and the number "3" and the setting of hundreds and thousands digits of the combination of the number "2" and the number "4" are completed, and six combinations of "4312", "3412", "4132", "1432", "3142" and "1342" are finally obtained; similarly, six combinations of "3214", "2314", "3124", "1324", "2134" and "1234" can be obtained, and the results of the permutation can be verified, wherein the total of the combinations is 12

By adopting the manual real exercise and dynamic demonstration mode, the practical ability of students can be improved, the learning interest of students can be stimulated, and the students can watch static pictures and listen to teacher language description and cooperate with brain and sea imagination relatively, so that the students can understand the practical ability and learn more intuitively and easily, the students can make impression more profound, and the teaching aid has excellent promotion effect on understanding and learning of theoretical knowledge.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a hereditary law and permutation combined teaching aid which characterized in that: the lamp comprises a base (1) and a square shell (2) buckled at the top of the base (1), wherein a lamp bead (5) positioned in the square shell (2) is fixedly installed at the center of the top surface of the base (1), a battery (6) is embedded at one side of the top surface of the base (1), and the battery (6) is electrically connected with the lamp bead (5) through a button switch (7) arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the base (1);

a first magnetic ring (3) positioned on the outer side of the button switch (7) is embedded in the bottom surface of the base (1), and a second magnetic ring (4) which is matched with the first magnetic ring (3) in shape and has the same magnetic field direction is embedded in the top surface of the square shell (2);

the front side and the rear side of the square shell (2) are respectively provided with a serial number mark (8), a display-recessive shape mark (9), a female-male mark (10) and a gene order mark (11), and the front side of the square shell (2) is respectively rotatably provided with a first shielding plate (12) and a second shielding plate (13);

the right side surface of the square shell (2) is respectively provided with a socket (14) and a plug-in connector (15) with the same diameter.

2. The combined teaching aid of genetic law and permutation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the square shell (2) is made of transparent plastic materials.

3. A combined genetic law and permutation teaching aid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein: the square shell (2) and the base (1) form a cube, and the side length of the cube is 50-100 mm.

4. The combined teaching aid of genetic law and permutation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rotating shaft of the first shielding plate (12) is located in the middle of the male-female mark (10), and the first shielding plate (12) covers one end of the male-female mark (10).

5. The combined teaching aid of genetic law and permutation as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the front side surface of the square shell (2) is provided with a limiting rod (16) which is positioned on two sides below the rotating shaft of the first shielding plate (12), and the first shielding plate (12) is lapped on the limiting rod (16).

6. The combined teaching aid of genetic law and permutation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rotating shaft of the second shielding plate (13) is arranged in the middle of the gene generation sequence mark (11), and a notch is formed in the edge of the second shielding plate (13).

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