CN215397037U - Fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated die - Google Patents
Fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated die Download PDFInfo
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- CN215397037U CN215397037U CN202121719323.8U CN202121719323U CN215397037U CN 215397037 U CN215397037 U CN 215397037U CN 202121719323 U CN202121719323 U CN 202121719323U CN 215397037 U CN215397037 U CN 215397037U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated die which comprises a liquid chamber, a first heating unit, a temperature sensor, a first annular sealing ring, a female die, a second heating unit and a second annular sealing ring. The die can complete the integrated process from forming the fiber metal laminate in a 0-100 ℃ temperature medium environment to curing in a vacuum negative pressure environment in a preparation and semi-curing state, the die can complete the whole process only by assembling once, the layering or rebound phenomenon of the formed fiber metal laminate in the moving process of conveying to curing is greatly reduced, the forming period of the fiber metal laminate is greatly shortened, and the curing quality is fundamentally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of composite board forming, in particular to a fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated die.
Background
With the high-speed development of automobiles, aerospace, military equipment and other fields, such as automobile gear boxes, air conditioner shells, aircraft engines, bomber bodies and the like, the demand for composite materials with light weight, corrosion resistance and high damage tolerance is more urgent. Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) are based on sandwich composite materials which are produced by laying metal sheets and fiber-reinforced resin materials in succession and then curing them at a specific temperature and pressure. The fiber metal laminate as a novel composite material can fully exert the advantages of metal plates and fiber materials and inhibit respective weak points to a certain extent, and has a plurality of ideal properties such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, good fatigue resistance and the like.
The thermosetting resin generally has the characteristic that the viscosity of the thermosetting resin is reduced along with the temperature rise at a low temperature of 0-100 ℃, and the viscosity of the thermosetting resin is in inverse relation with the fluidity of the thermosetting resin. Hydroforming is a technique that uses a liquid medium (oil, water and a special fluid medium) instead of a rigid die to transfer load and uses fluid as a medium to transfer pressure to a plate material to form the plate material into a part having a desired curved surface shape, and has advantages of short forming cycle, high forming quality, and small spring back.
How to improve the forming limit of the fiber metal laminate is a difficult problem to be solved at present and is a precondition for applying the fiber metal laminate to the manufacturing field of deep cavity parts. The existing forming method of the fiber metal laminate is to form the fiber metal laminate after curing, but because the forming limit of the fiber layer is far lower than that of the metal layer, a larger interlaminar shear stress is generated between the fiber layer and the metal layer in the forming process, so that the fiber layer is damaged before reaching the forming limit, and the forming of the fiber metal laminate is not facilitated. Therefore, a fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated mold is lacked at present.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated die.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is to provide a fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated die which is characterized by comprising a liquid chamber, a first heating unit, a temperature sensor, a first annular sealing ring, a female die, a second heating unit and a second annular sealing ring;
a water through hole is formed on the liquid chamber; the water through port is used for being connected with hydraulic equipment, and liquid injection and liquid withdrawal are carried out through the hydraulic equipment and the water pressure in the mold cavity is controlled; the female die is provided with a micro-scale through hole and a gas pipeline, and the micro-scale through hole is communicated with the gas pipeline; the micro-scale through hole is used for exhausting air in a mold cavity in the forming stage of the fiber metal laminate, and the gas pipeline is used for connecting a vacuum pump and a vacuum pressure gauge; the temperature sensor is arranged in a cavity of the liquid chamber and used for monitoring the temperature of the blank; the heating unit I and the heating unit II are respectively contacted with the outer walls of the liquid chamber and the female die and are respectively used for heating the liquid chamber and the female die;
two rings of annular sealing grooves are formed in the flange surface of the liquid chamber, a first annular sealing ring is arranged in the inner annular sealing groove, and a second annular sealing ring is arranged in the outer annular sealing groove; the height of the first annular sealing ring is not less than the depth of the inner annular sealing groove, and the height of the second annular sealing ring is not less than the depth of the outer annular sealing groove.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that: the die can complete the integrated process from forming the fiber metal laminate in a 0-100 ℃ temperature medium environment to curing in a vacuum negative pressure environment in a preparation and semi-curing state, the die can complete the whole process only by assembling once, the layering or rebound phenomenon of the formed fiber metal laminate in the moving process of conveying to curing is greatly reduced, the forming period of the fiber metal laminate is greatly shortened, and the curing quality is fundamentally improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the mold preparation stage of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the mold forming stage of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the mold curing stage of the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1. a liquid chamber; 2. a water inlet; 3. a first heating unit; 4. a temperature sensor; 5. a blank; 6. a first annular seal ring; 7. a female die; 8. a second heating unit; 9. a microscale through-hole; 10. a gas line; 11. a vacuum pressure gauge; 12. a vacuum pump; 13. a second annular seal ring; 14. and (3) water.
Detailed Description
Specific examples of the present invention are given below. The specific examples are only intended to illustrate the utility model in further detail and do not limit the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.
The utility model provides a fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated die (referred to as a die for short), which is characterized by comprising a liquid chamber 1, a heating unit I3, a temperature sensor 4, a first annular sealing ring 6, a female die 7, a heating unit II 8 and a second annular sealing ring 13;
the liquid chamber 1 and the female die 7 are respectively fixed and positioned with a lower beam and an upper beam of the hydraulic machine; a water through port 2 is formed in the liquid chamber 1, the water through port 2 is used for being connected with hydraulic equipment, liquid injection and liquid withdrawal are carried out through the hydraulic equipment, and the water pressure in the mold cavity is controlled; the female die 7 is provided with a microscale through hole 9 and a gas pipeline 10, and the microscale through hole 9 is communicated with the gas pipeline 10; the microscale through hole 9 is used for exhausting air in a mold cavity in the forming stage of the fiber metal laminate, the gas pipeline 10 is used for connecting a vacuum pump 12 and a vacuum pressure gauge 11, and the vacuum pressure gauge 11 is used for measuring the air pressure in the mold cavity; the temperature sensor 4 is arranged in the cavity of the liquid chamber 1 and is close to the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1, so that the temperature sensor can be tightly attached to the blank 5 during measurement, and the temperature of the blank 5 can be accurately monitored; the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 8 are respectively in contact with the outer walls of the liquid chamber 1 and the female die 7 and are respectively used for heating the liquid chamber 1 and the female die 7;
two rings of annular sealing grooves are formed in the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1, a first annular sealing ring 6 is arranged in the inner annular sealing groove, and a second annular sealing ring 13 is arranged in the outer annular sealing groove; the height of the first annular sealing ring 6 is not less than the depth of the inner annular sealing groove, and the upper end face of the first annular sealing ring 6 extends out of the outer side of the annular sealing groove; the height of the second annular sealing ring 13 is not less than the depth of the outer annular sealing groove;
preferably, the micro-scale via holes 9 are small enough that the fiber metal laminate will not form within the micro-scale via holes 9.
Preferably, the first annular sealing ring 6 and the second annular sealing ring 13 are made of high-temperature-resistant materials, the first annular sealing ring 6 is made of rubber, and the second annular sealing ring 13 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene; the hydraulic equipment is a hydraulic pump or a pressure cylinder.
The working process of the utility model is as follows:
(1) installing, debugging and preparing a forming and curing mold;
(2) the preparation stage comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of pretreating the surface of a metal sheet, removing impurities such as an oxide film and oil stains on the surface, and enabling the metal surface to generate micro-nano-scale holes so as to facilitate resin to be immersed and increase the interlayer bonding strength of a fiber metal laminate; sequentially paving and pasting the metal thin plate, the thermosetting resin thin film and the fiber cloth on the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1 according to the paving and pasting sequence to prepare a blank 5 with the thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm, namely a semi-solidified fiber metal laminate; the blank 5 is positioned right above the first annular sealing ring 6 and is tightly attached to the first annular sealing ring 6, and the radius of the blank is not less than that of the first annular sealing ring 6; the blank 5 and the liquid chamber 1 are sealed through a first annular sealing ring 6, so that liquid is prevented from overflowing to reduce the pressure of the liquid chamber, and water is prevented from overflowing to soak thermosetting resin, so that the forming result is influenced; the second annular sealing ring 13 is positioned on the outer side of the blank 5, and the radius of the second annular sealing ring 13 is larger than that of the blank 5; then, water is injected into the liquid chamber 1 through the water through port 2 until the liquid level is 1-2 mm lower than the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1;
preferably, in the step (2), the pretreatment comprises acid-base washing, alcohol wiping and anodic oxidation treatment; acid-base washing is used for removing the oxide film on the surface of the metal; the alcohol wiping is used for removing impurities such as oil stains on the surface of the metal; the anodic oxidation treatment is used for generating a new thin oxidation film on the metal surface, and a plurality of micro-nano scale holes exist in the oxidation film, so that resin can be conveniently immersed to increase the interlayer bonding strength of the fiber metal laminate.
Preferably, in the step (2), the metal sheet is made of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy or titanium alloy, and has a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm; the thermosetting resin film is made of epoxy resin or phenolic resin and has a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm; the fiber cloth is made of glass fiber or carbon fiber, and the thickness of the fiber cloth is 0.1-0.5 mm.
(3) Setting parameters of a hydroforming process; the parameters comprise blank pressing force, liquid chamber pressure and liquid medium temperature;
(4) forming a forming and curing mold cavity: controlling a hydraulic machine to enable the female die 7 to move downwards, and pressing the blank 5 on the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1 according to a preset blank pressing force; the female die 7 and the liquid chamber 1 are matched, and the liquid chamber 1 and the female die 7 are sealed through a second annular sealing ring 13 to form a cavity of the forming curing die;
(5) the PLC system controls the heating unit I3 to heat the liquid chamber 1, the water temperature is accurately controlled through monitoring and feedback of the temperature sensor 4, the temperature is controlled below 100 ℃, meanwhile, the thermosetting resin is in the viscosity most beneficial to forming, and the fluidity of the resin is adjusted through controlling the viscosity to enable the resin to be in the optimal forming state; the viscosity most favorable for forming was 1000 mPa.s; the resin viscosity is reduced and the fluidity is increased along with the temperature rise, when the resin viscosity is 1000mpa · s, the fluidity of the resin is in the optimal forming state, and the metal sheet and the fiber cloth can generate certain beneficial slippage in the forming process, so that the forming limit of the fiber metal laminate is improved;
(6) and (3) forming: continuously injecting water with the same temperature as the step (5) into the liquid chamber 1 through the water inlet 2 by using hydraulic equipment, acting the pressure on the blank 5 by using the water as a medium, and deforming the blank 5 under the action of a high-pressure water body to finish the forming of the fiber metal laminate in a semi-solidified state;
(7) connecting a vacuum pump 12 and a vacuum pressure gauge 11 with a gas pipeline 10; controlling the hydraulic equipment to withdraw liquid through the water through port 2 to enable only air to be left in the die cavity, and closing the water through port 2;
(8) and (3) curing: controlling a vacuum pump 12 to pump away air in the mold cavity, and monitoring the air pressure in the mold cavity in real time through a vacuum pressure gauge 11 to form a vacuum negative pressure environment in the mold cavity so as to remove bubbles in the resin and form more uniform resin distribution; and the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 8 are controlled during vacuumizing, the whole prepared forming and curing mould is heated according to the curing temperature requirements of different thermosetting resins, the temperature is controlled through monitoring and feedback of the temperature sensor 4, and the temperature is transmitted to the resin layer, so that the thermosetting resin is in the optimal curing temperature environment, and the curing of the fiber metal laminate is completed.
Preferably, in the step (8), the optimal curing temperature environment is a process of heating, heat preservation, heating again to the curing temperature, heat preservation again and cooling again; in the process of heating and curing the thermosetting resin, a two-stage heat preservation process is carried out, and the two-stage heat preservation process can be realized through the real-time monitoring of the first heating unit 3, the second heating unit 8 and the temperature sensor 4; in the heat preservation process in the first stage, the resin can be redistributed between the fiber cloth and the metal layer more uniformly with certain fluidity, and the curing performance is improved; the second stage of the heat preservation process is the curing temperature environment required by the thermosetting resin.
Example 1
The metal sheet of the embodiment adopts aluminum alloy, and the thickness is 0.5 mm; the thermosetting resin film is an epoxy resin film, and the thickness of the epoxy resin film is 0.3 mm; the fiber cloth is glass fiber cloth with the thickness of 0.4 mm; the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) installing, debugging and preparing a forming and curing mold; the first annular sealing ring 6 is made of rubber, and the second annular sealing ring 13 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene;
(2) the preparation stage comprises the following steps: carrying out acid-base washing, alcohol washing and anodic oxidation pretreatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet; sequentially paving and pasting the aluminum alloy thin plate, the epoxy resin film and the glass fiber cloth on the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1 according to the paving and pasting sequence to prepare a blank 5 with the thickness of 1.2mm, namely a semi-solidified fiber metal laminate; the blank 5 is positioned right above the first annular sealing ring 6 and is tightly attached to the first annular sealing ring 6, the radius of the blank is not smaller than that of the first annular sealing ring 6, and the blank 5 and the liquid chamber 1 are sealed through the first annular sealing ring 6; the second annular sealing ring 13 is positioned on the outer side of the blank 5; and water is injected into the liquid chamber 1 through the water through port 2 until the liquid level is 1-2 mm lower than the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1.
(3) Setting parameters of a hydroforming process;
(4) forming a cavity for preparing a forming curing mold;
(5) the heating unit I3 is controlled by a PLC system to heat the liquid chamber 1, the water temperature is controlled by monitoring and feedback of the temperature sensor 4, the epoxy resin is heated to the temperature of 1000mpa & s of viscosity, and the temperature of the epoxy resin is 40 ℃;
(6) a forming stage;
(7) connecting a vacuum pump 12 and a vacuum pressure gauge 11 with a gas pipeline 10; controlling the hydraulic equipment to withdraw liquid through the water through port 2 to enable only air to be left in the die cavity, and closing the water through port 2;
(8) and (3) curing: controlling the hydraulic machine to continuously apply a large enough blank holder force to the female die 7 to tightly press the blank 5, so that the integral sealing effect of the die is ensured; controlling a vacuum pump 12 to pump away air in the mold cavity, and monitoring in real time through a vacuum pressure gauge 11 to enable a vacuum negative pressure environment to be formed in the mold cavity, wherein the pressure is-2 MPa to-1 MPa; and controlling the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 8 while vacuumizing, heating to 80 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min by real-time monitoring of the temperature sensor 4, then preserving heat for 30min, heating to 125 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90min, and naturally cooling to finish the solidification of the fiber metal laminate.
Example 2
The metal sheet of the embodiment adopts aluminum alloy, and the thickness is 0.5 mm; the thermosetting resin film is a phenolic resin film, and the thickness of the thermosetting resin film is 0.3 mm; the fiber cloth is made of glass fiber and has the thickness of 0.4 mm; the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) installing, debugging and preparing a forming and curing mold;
(2) the preparation stage comprises the following steps: carrying out acid-base washing, alcohol washing and anodic oxidation pretreatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet; sequentially paving and pasting an aluminum alloy thin plate, a phenolic resin film and glass fiber cloth on the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1 according to the paving and pasting sequence to prepare a blank 5 with the thickness of 1.2mm, namely a semi-solidified fiber metal laminate; the blank 5 is positioned right above the first annular sealing ring 6 and is tightly attached to the first annular sealing ring 6, the radius of the blank is not smaller than that of the first annular sealing ring 6, and the blank 5 and the liquid chamber 1 are sealed through the first annular sealing ring 6; the second annular sealing ring 13 is positioned on the outer side of the blank 5; water is injected into the liquid chamber 1 through the water through port 2 until the liquid level is 1-2 mm lower than the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1;
(3) setting parameters of a hydroforming process;
(4) forming a cavity for preparing a forming curing mold;
(5) the heating unit I3 is controlled by a PLC system to heat the liquid chamber 1, the water temperature is controlled by monitoring and feedback of the temperature sensor 4, and the temperature is heated to the temperature at which the viscosity of the phenolic resin is 1000mpa · s, and the temperature of the phenolic resin is 53 ℃;
(6) a forming stage;
(7) connecting a vacuum pump 12 and a vacuum pressure gauge 11 with a gas pipeline 10; controlling the hydraulic equipment to withdraw liquid through the water through port 2 to enable only air to be left in the die cavity, and closing the water through port 2;
(8) and (3) curing: controlling the hydraulic machine to continuously apply a large enough blank holder force to the female die 7 to tightly press the blank 5, so that the integral sealing effect of the die is ensured; controlling a vacuum pump 12 to pump away air in the mold cavity, and monitoring in real time through a vacuum pressure gauge 11 to enable a vacuum negative pressure environment to be formed in the mold cavity, wherein the pressure is-2 MPa to-1 MPa; and controlling the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 8 while vacuumizing, heating to 130 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min through real-time monitoring of the temperature sensor 4, then preserving heat for 5min, heating to 150 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 180min, and then naturally cooling to finish curing of the fiber metal laminate.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (3)
1. A fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated die is characterized by comprising a liquid chamber, a first heating unit, a temperature sensor, a first annular sealing ring, a female die, a second heating unit and a second annular sealing ring;
a water through hole is formed on the liquid chamber; the water through port is used for being connected with hydraulic equipment, and liquid injection and liquid withdrawal are carried out through the hydraulic equipment and the water pressure in the mold cavity is controlled; the female die is provided with a micro-scale through hole and a gas pipeline, and the micro-scale through hole is communicated with the gas pipeline; the micro-scale through hole is used for exhausting air in a mold cavity in the forming stage of the fiber metal laminate, and the gas pipeline is used for connecting a vacuum pump and a vacuum pressure gauge; the temperature sensor is arranged in a cavity of the liquid chamber and used for monitoring the temperature of the blank; the heating unit I and the heating unit II are respectively contacted with the outer walls of the liquid chamber and the female die and are respectively used for heating the liquid chamber and the female die;
two rings of annular sealing grooves are formed in the flange surface of the liquid chamber, a first annular sealing ring is arranged in the inner annular sealing groove, and a second annular sealing ring is arranged in the outer annular sealing groove; the height of the first annular sealing ring is not less than the depth of the inner annular sealing groove, and the height of the second annular sealing ring is not less than the depth of the outer annular sealing groove.
2. The fiber metal laminate preparing, forming and curing integrated mold according to claim 1, wherein a water passage opening is formed at a bottom position of a side surface of the liquid chamber; the temperature sensor is close to the flange surface of the liquid chamber.
3. The integrated mold for preparing, forming and curing the fiber metal laminate according to claim 1, wherein the first annular sealing ring and the second annular sealing ring are made of high temperature resistant material, the first annular sealing ring is made of rubber, and the second annular sealing ring is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121719323.8U CN215397037U (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2021-07-27 | Fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated die |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121719323.8U CN215397037U (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2021-07-27 | Fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated die |
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| CN215397037U true CN215397037U (en) | 2022-01-04 |
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| CN202121719323.8U Active CN215397037U (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2021-07-27 | Fiber metal laminate preparation, forming and curing integrated die |
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