CN113524729B - Integrated method for preparing, forming and vacuum negative pressure curing fiber metal plate temperature medium - Google Patents
Integrated method for preparing, forming and vacuum negative pressure curing fiber metal plate temperature medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN113524729B CN113524729B CN202110852003.8A CN202110852003A CN113524729B CN 113524729 B CN113524729 B CN 113524729B CN 202110852003 A CN202110852003 A CN 202110852003A CN 113524729 B CN113524729 B CN 113524729B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation forming-vacuum negative pressure curing integrated method. The method is an integrated process from preparation, forming under a semi-curing state in a 0-100 ℃ temperature medium environment to curing under a vacuum negative pressure environment on a set of die, the die can complete the whole process only by assembling once, the layering or rebound phenomenon of the formed fiber metal laminate in the moving process of conveying to curing is greatly reduced, the forming period of the fiber metal laminate is greatly shortened, and the curing quality is fundamentally improved. The method uses water to replace hydraulic oil as a high-pressure fluid medium in the forming process, the water is cleaner than the oil, pollution is not easy to cause, the die is convenient to clean, the cost is low, and the working procedure is relatively simple. And when water is used as high-pressure liquid, the heat dissipation speed of the hydraulic equipment is high, the service life of the equipment is prolonged, the leakage is not easy to occur, and the maintenance cost of the equipment is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite board forming, in particular to a fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation forming-vacuum negative pressure curing integrated method.
Background
With the high-speed development of automobiles, aerospace, military equipment and other fields, such as automobile gear boxes, air conditioner shells, aircraft engines, bomber bodies and the like, the demand for composite materials with light weight, corrosion resistance and high damage tolerance is more urgent. Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) are based on sandwich composite materials which are produced by laying metal sheets and fiber-reinforced resin materials in succession and then curing them at a specific temperature and pressure. The fiber metal laminate as a novel composite material can fully exert the advantages of metal plates and fiber materials and inhibit respective weak points to a certain extent, and has a plurality of ideal properties such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, good fatigue resistance and the like.
Thermosetting resins generally have the characteristic of decreasing viscosity with increasing temperature at low temperatures ranging from 0 to 100 ℃, with the viscosity of the resin being inversely proportional to its flowability. Hydroforming is a technique in which a rigid die is replaced with a liquid medium (oil, water, and a special fluid medium) to transmit a load, and a fluid is used as a medium to transmit a pressure to a plate material, thereby forming the plate material into a desired curved part.
How to improve the forming limit of the fiber metal laminate is a difficult problem to be solved at present and is a precondition for applying the fiber metal laminate to the manufacturing field of deep cavity parts. The existing forming method of the fiber metal laminate is to form after curing, but because the forming limit of the fiber layer is far lower than that of the metal layer, in the forming process, larger interlaminar shear stress can be generated between the fiber layer and the metal layer, so that the fiber layer can be damaged before reaching the forming limit, and the forming of the fiber metal laminate is not facilitated. The existing fiber metal laminate manufacturing method is suitable for forming and curing in a medium-high temperature (more than 100 ℃) non-vacuum environment, the forming and curing effect is not good, and meanwhile, the temperature requirement is high, so that hydraulic oil is needed for high-pressure liquid. The cost and difficulty of realizing accurate temperature control of hydraulic oil are large, the requirement on equipment is high, the leakage is easy to cause pollution, and the cleaning is troublesome and the price is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation forming-vacuum negative pressure curing integrated method.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is to provide a fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation forming-vacuum negative pressure curing integrated method, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
(1) Installing, debugging and preparing a forming and curing mold: the preparation forming and curing mold comprises a liquid chamber, a first heating unit, a temperature sensor, a first annular sealing ring, a female mold, a second heating unit and a second annular sealing ring;
a water opening is formed on the liquid chamber; the water through port is used for being connected with hydraulic equipment, and liquid injection and liquid withdrawal are carried out through the hydraulic equipment and the water pressure in the mold cavity is controlled; the female die is provided with a micro-scale through hole and a gas pipeline, and the micro-scale through hole is communicated with the gas pipeline; the micro-scale through hole is used for exhausting air in a mold cavity in the forming stage of the fiber metal laminate, and the gas pipeline is used for connecting a vacuum pump and a vacuum pressure gauge; the temperature sensor is arranged in a cavity of the liquid chamber and used for monitoring the temperature of the blank; the heating unit I and the heating unit II are respectively contacted with the outer walls of the liquid chamber and the female die and are respectively used for heating the liquid chamber and the female die;
two rings of annular sealing grooves are formed in the flange surface of the liquid chamber, a first annular sealing ring is arranged in the inner annular sealing groove, and a second annular sealing ring is arranged in the outer annular sealing groove; the height of the first annular sealing ring is not less than the depth of the inner annular sealing groove, and the height of the second annular sealing ring is not less than the depth of the outer annular sealing groove;
(2) The preparation stage comprises the following steps: sequentially paving and sticking the metal thin plate, the thermosetting resin thin film and the fiber cloth on the flange surface of the liquid chamber according to the paving and sticking sequence to prepare a blank; the blank is positioned right above the first annular sealing ring and is tightly attached to the first annular sealing ring, the radius of the blank is not smaller than that of the first annular sealing ring, and the blank and the liquid chamber are sealed through the first annular sealing ring; the second annular sealing ring is positioned on the outer side of the blank; then water is injected into the liquid chamber through a water through port;
(3) Setting parameters of a hydroforming process;
(4) Forming and preparing a forming curing mould cavity: the female die descends to press the blank on the flange surface of the liquid chamber; the female die and the liquid chamber are matched, and the sealing between the liquid chamber and the female die is realized through a second annular sealing ring to form a cavity for preparing a forming curing die;
(5) The heating unit heats the liquid chamber, controls the water temperature through monitoring and feedback of the temperature sensor, controls the temperature below 100 ℃ and simultaneously enables the thermosetting resin to be in the viscosity most beneficial to forming, and adjusts the fluidity of the resin through controlling the viscosity to enable the thermosetting resin to be in the optimal forming state;
(6) And (3) a forming stage: continuously injecting water into the liquid chamber through the water through port, applying pressure on the blank by using water as a medium, and deforming the blank under the action of high-pressure water to finish the forming of the fiber metal laminate in a semi-solidified state;
(7) Connecting a vacuum pump and a vacuum pressure gauge with a gas pipeline; the liquid is withdrawn through the water through opening, so that only air is left in the die cavity, and the water through opening is closed;
(8) And (3) a curing stage: controlling a vacuum pump to pump away air in the mold cavity, and monitoring the air pressure in the mold cavity in real time through a vacuum pressure gauge to form a vacuum negative pressure environment in the mold cavity, so as to remove bubbles in the resin and form more uniform resin distribution; and controlling the first heating unit and the second heating unit while vacuumizing, heating the prepared forming curing mould according to the curing temperature requirements of different thermosetting resins, controlling the temperature by monitoring and feedback of a temperature sensor, and transmitting the temperature to the resin layer to enable the thermosetting resins to be in an optimal curing temperature environment, so as to finish curing of the fiber metal laminate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method is an integrated process from preparation, forming under a semi-curing state in a 0-100 ℃ temperature medium environment to curing under a vacuum negative pressure environment on a set of die, the die can complete the whole process only by assembling once, the layering or rebound phenomenon of the formed fiber metal laminate in the moving process of conveying to curing is greatly reduced, the forming period of the fiber metal laminate is greatly shortened, and the curing quality is fundamentally improved.
(2) The method uses water to replace hydraulic oil as a high-pressure fluid medium in the forming process, the water is cleaner than the oil, pollution is not easy to cause, the die is convenient to clean, the cost is low, and the working procedure is relatively simple. And when water is used as high-pressure liquid, the heat dissipation speed of the hydraulic equipment is high, the service life of the equipment is prolonged, the leakage is not easy to occur, and the maintenance cost of the equipment is greatly reduced.
(3) In the forming process, water in the cavity of the liquid chamber is heated to enable the resin to be at a temperature suitable for forming, at the moment, the resin has the optimal fluidity suitable for hydraulic forming, and in the state, the fiber layer and the metal layer are not completely bonded, so that the fiber metal laminate is not easy to tear and is easy to form; meanwhile, certain beneficial slippage can be generated between the fiber layer and the metal layer in the forming process, so that the aim of reducing the interlaminar shear stress between the fiber layer and the metal layer is fulfilled, and the forming limit of the fiber metal layer plate is effectively improved.
(4) The method can realize the forming at the low temperature of 0-100 ℃, improves the forming height of the fiber metal laminate and provides a feasible scheme for realizing the automation of producing deep-cavity parts of the fiber metal laminate in a low-temperature environment. The influence of temperature on the fluidity is relatively large, the fluidity is too high, and resin can flow out from the interlayer, so that the molding is not facilitated; if the fluidity is too low, the resin distribution is not uniform during molding, which affects the molding quality.
(5) Accurate temperature control, especially slow temperature gradient control and constant temperature control, is realized, and the viscosity and the fluidity of the resin are favorably controlled. In the curing process, the heat preservation process in the first stage can ensure that the resin is redistributed more uniformly between the fiber cloth and the metal layer with certain fluidity, thereby improving the curing performance; the second stage of the heat preservation process is the curing temperature environment required by the thermosetting resin. At the moment, the vacuum degree of the vacuum negative pressure environment is too high, the resin fluidity is too large, the resin can flow out from the layers during curing, the curing performance is influenced, and the curing effect is poor when the vacuum degree is too low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the preparation phase of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the forming stage of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the curing stage of the process of the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1. a liquid chamber; 2. a water inlet; 3. a first heating unit; 4. a temperature sensor; 5. a blank; 6. a first annular seal ring; 7. a female die; 8. a second heating unit; 9. a microscale through-hole; 10. a gas line; 11. a vacuum pressure gauge; 12. a vacuum pump; 13. a second annular seal ring; 14. and (3) water.
Detailed Description
Specific examples of the present invention are given below. The specific examples are only intended to illustrate the invention in further detail and do not limit the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.
The invention provides a fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation forming-vacuum negative pressure curing integrated method (method for short), which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Installing, debugging and preparing a forming and curing mold: the preparation forming and curing mold comprises a liquid chamber 1, a first heating unit 3, a temperature sensor 4, a first annular sealing ring 6, a female mold 7, a second heating unit 8 and a second annular sealing ring 13;
the liquid chamber 1 and the female die 7 are respectively fixed and positioned with a lower beam and an upper beam of the hydraulic press; a water through port 2 is formed in the liquid chamber 1, the water through port 2 is used for being connected with hydraulic equipment, liquid injection and liquid withdrawal are carried out through the hydraulic equipment, and the water pressure in the mold cavity is controlled; the female die 7 is provided with a microscale through hole 9 and a gas pipeline 10, and the microscale through hole 9 is communicated with the gas pipeline 10; the microscale through hole 9 is used for exhausting air in a mold cavity in the forming stage of the fiber metal laminate, the gas pipeline 10 is used for connecting a vacuum pump 12 and a vacuum pressure gauge 11, and the vacuum pressure gauge 11 is used for measuring the air pressure in the mold cavity; the temperature sensor 4 is arranged in the cavity of the liquid chamber 1, is close to the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1, can be tightly attached to the blank 5 during measurement, and accurately monitors the temperature of the blank 5; the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 8 are respectively in contact with the outer walls of the liquid chamber 1 and the female die 7 and are respectively used for heating the liquid chamber 1 and the female die 7;
two rings of annular sealing grooves are formed in the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1, a first annular sealing ring 6 is arranged in the inner annular sealing groove, and a second annular sealing ring 13 is arranged in the outer annular sealing groove; the height of the first annular sealing ring 6 is not less than the depth of the inner annular sealing groove, and the upper end face of the first annular sealing ring 6 extends out of the outer side of the annular sealing groove; the height of the second annular sealing ring 13 is not less than the depth of the outer annular sealing groove;
preferably, in step (1), the micro-scale through holes 9 are small enough that the fiber metal laminate is not formed within the micro-scale through holes 9.
Preferably, in the step (1), the first annular sealing ring 6 and the second annular sealing ring 13 are both made of high-temperature-resistant materials, the first annular sealing ring 6 is made of rubber, and the second annular sealing ring 13 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene; the hydraulic equipment is a hydraulic pump or a pressure cylinder.
(2) The preparation stage comprises: the method comprises the following steps of pretreating the surface of a metal sheet, removing impurities such as an oxide film and oil stains on the surface, and enabling the metal surface to generate micro-nano-scale holes so as to facilitate resin to be immersed and increase the interlayer bonding strength of a fiber metal laminate; then sequentially paving and pasting the metal thin plate, the thermosetting resin thin film and the fiber cloth on the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1 according to the paving and pasting sequence to prepare a blank 5 with the thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm, namely a semi-solidified fiber metal laminate; the blank 5 is positioned right above the first annular sealing ring 6 and is tightly attached to the first annular sealing ring 6, and the radius of the blank is not less than that of the first annular sealing ring 6; the blank 5 and the liquid chamber 1 are sealed through a first annular sealing ring 6, so that liquid is prevented from overflowing to reduce the pressure of the liquid chamber, and water is prevented from overflowing to soak thermosetting resin, so that the forming result is influenced; the second annular sealing ring 13 is positioned on the outer side of the blank 5, and the radius of the second annular sealing ring 13 is larger than that of the blank 5; then water is injected into the liquid chamber 1 through the water through port 2 until the liquid level is 1-2 mm lower than the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1;
preferably, in the step (2), the pretreatment comprises acid-base washing, alcohol wiping and anodic oxidation treatment; acid-base washing is used for removing the oxide film on the surface of the metal; the alcohol wiping is used for removing impurities such as oil stains on the surface of the metal; the anodic oxidation treatment is used for generating a new thin oxidation film on the metal surface, and a plurality of micro-nano scale holes exist in the oxidation film, so that resin can be conveniently immersed to increase the interlayer bonding strength of the fiber metal laminate.
Preferably, in the step (2), the metal sheet is made of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy or titanium alloy, and has a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm; the thermosetting resin film is made of epoxy resin or phenolic resin and has the thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm; the fiber cloth is made of glass fiber or carbon fiber and has a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm.
(3) Setting parameters of a hydroforming process; the parameters comprise blank pressing force, liquid chamber pressure and liquid medium temperature;
(4) Forming a forming and curing mold cavity: controlling a hydraulic machine to enable the female die 7 to move downwards, and pressing the blank 5 on the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1 according to a preset blank pressing force; the female die 7 and the liquid chamber 1 are matched, and the sealing between the liquid chamber 1 and the female die 7 is realized through a second annular sealing ring 13 to form a cavity of the preparation forming curing die;
(5) The PLC system controls the heating unit I3 to heat the liquid chamber 1, the water temperature is accurately controlled through monitoring and feedback of the temperature sensor 4, the temperature is controlled below 100 ℃, meanwhile, the thermosetting resin is in the viscosity most beneficial to forming, and the fluidity of the resin is adjusted through controlling the viscosity to enable the resin to be in the optimal forming state; the viscosity most favorable for forming is 1000mpa · s; the resin viscosity is reduced and the fluidity is increased along with the temperature rise, when the resin viscosity is 1000mpa · s, the fluidity of the resin is in the optimal forming state, and the metal sheet and the fiber cloth can generate certain beneficial slippage in the forming process, so that the forming limit of the fiber metal laminate is improved;
(6) And (3) forming: continuously injecting water with the same temperature as that in the step (5) into the liquid chamber 1 through the water inlet 2 by using hydraulic equipment, taking the water as a medium to apply pressure on the blank 5, and deforming the blank 5 under the action of a high-pressure water body to finish the forming of the fiber metal laminate in a semi-solidified state;
(7) Connecting a vacuum pump 12 and a vacuum pressure gauge 11 with a gas pipeline 10; controlling the hydraulic equipment to withdraw liquid through the water through port 2 to enable only air to be left in the die cavity, and closing the water through port 2;
(8) And (3) curing: controlling a vacuum pump 12 to pump away air in the mold cavity, and monitoring the air pressure in the mold cavity in real time through a vacuum pressure gauge 11 to form a vacuum negative pressure environment in the mold cavity so as to remove bubbles in the resin and form more uniform resin distribution; and the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 8 are controlled during vacuumizing, the whole prepared forming and curing mould is heated according to the curing temperature requirements of different thermosetting resins, the temperature is controlled through monitoring and feedback of the temperature sensor 4, and the temperature is transmitted to the resin layer, so that the thermosetting resin is in the optimal curing temperature environment, and the curing of the fiber metal laminate is completed.
Preferably, in the step (8), the optimal curing temperature environment is a process of heating, heat preservation, heating again to the curing temperature, heat preservation again and cooling again; in the process of heating and curing the thermosetting resin, a two-stage heat preservation process is carried out, and the two-stage heat preservation process can be realized through the real-time monitoring of the first heating unit 3, the second heating unit 8 and the temperature sensor 4; the heat preservation process in the first stage can ensure that the resin is redistributed more uniformly between the fiber cloth and the metal layer with certain fluidity, thereby improving the curing performance; the second stage of the heat preservation process is the curing temperature environment required by the thermosetting resin.
Example 1
The metal sheet of the embodiment adopts aluminum alloy, and the thickness is 0.5mm; the thermosetting resin film is an epoxy resin film, and the thickness of the epoxy resin film is 0.3mm; the fiber cloth is glass fiber cloth with the thickness of 0.4mm; the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) Installing, debugging and preparing a forming and curing mold; the first annular sealing ring 6 is made of rubber, and the second annular sealing ring 13 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene;
(2) The preparation stage comprises the following steps: carrying out acid-base washing, alcohol washing and anodic oxidation pretreatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet; sequentially paving and pasting the aluminum alloy thin plate, the epoxy resin film and the glass fiber cloth on the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1 according to the paving and pasting sequence to prepare a blank 5 with the thickness of 1.2mm, namely a semi-solidified fiber metal laminate; the blank 5 is positioned right above the first annular sealing ring 6 and is tightly attached to the first annular sealing ring 6, the radius of the blank is not smaller than that of the first annular sealing ring 6, and the blank 5 and the liquid chamber 1 are sealed through the first annular sealing ring 6; the second annular sealing ring 13 is positioned on the outer side of the blank 5; water is injected into the liquid chamber 1 through the water through port 2 until the liquid level is 1-2 mm lower than the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1.
(3) Setting parameters of a hydroforming process;
(4) Forming a cavity for preparing a forming curing mold;
(5) The heating unit I3 is controlled by a PLC system to heat the liquid chamber 1, the water temperature is controlled by monitoring and feedback of the temperature sensor 4, the epoxy resin is heated to the temperature of 1000mpa & s of viscosity, and the temperature of the epoxy resin is 40 ℃;
(6) A forming stage;
(7) Connecting a vacuum pump 12 and a vacuum pressure gauge 11 with a gas pipeline 10; controlling hydraulic equipment to withdraw liquid through the water through opening 2 to enable only air to be reserved inside the die cavity, and closing the water through opening 2;
(8) And (3) curing: controlling the hydraulic machine to continuously apply a large enough blank holder force to the female die 7 to tightly press the blank 5, so that the integral sealing effect of the die is ensured; controlling a vacuum pump 12 to pump away air in the mold cavity, and monitoring in real time through a vacuum pressure gauge 11 to enable a vacuum negative pressure environment to be formed in the mold cavity, wherein the pressure is-2 MPa to-1 MPa; and controlling the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 8 while vacuumizing, heating to 80 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min by real-time monitoring of the temperature sensor 4, then preserving heat for 30min, heating to 125 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 90min, and naturally cooling to finish the solidification of the fiber metal laminate.
Example 2
The metal sheet of the embodiment adopts aluminum alloy, and the thickness is 0.5mm; the thermosetting resin film is a phenolic resin film, and the thickness of the thermosetting resin film is 0.3mm; the fiber cloth is made of glass fiber and has the thickness of 0.4mm; the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) Mounting, debugging and preparing a forming and curing mold;
(2) The preparation stage comprises the following steps: carrying out acid-base washing, alcohol washing and anodic oxidation pretreatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet; sequentially paving and pasting an aluminum alloy thin plate, a phenolic resin film and glass fiber cloth on the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1 according to the paving and pasting sequence to prepare a blank 5 with the thickness of 1.2mm, namely a semi-solidified fiber metal laminate; the blank 5 is positioned right above the first annular sealing ring 6 and is tightly attached to the first annular sealing ring 6, the radius of the blank is not smaller than that of the first annular sealing ring 6, and the blank 5 and the liquid chamber 1 are sealed through the first annular sealing ring 6; the second annular sealing ring 13 is positioned on the outer side of the blank 5; water is injected into the liquid chamber 1 through the water through port 2 until the liquid level is 1-2 mm lower than the flange surface of the liquid chamber 1;
(3) Setting parameters of a hydroforming process;
(4) Forming a cavity for preparing a forming curing mold;
(5) The heating unit I3 is controlled by a PLC system to heat the liquid chamber 1, the water temperature is controlled by monitoring and feedback of the temperature sensor 4, and the temperature is heated to the temperature at which the viscosity of the phenolic resin is 1000mpa · s, and the temperature of the phenolic resin is 53 ℃;
(6) A forming stage;
(7) A vacuum pump 12 and a vacuum pressure gauge 11 are connected with a gas pipeline 10; controlling the hydraulic equipment to withdraw liquid through the water through port 2 to enable only air to be left in the die cavity, and closing the water through port 2;
(8) And (3) curing: controlling the hydraulic machine to continuously apply a large enough blank holder force to the female die 7 to tightly press the blank 5, so that the integral sealing effect of the die is ensured; controlling a vacuum pump 12 to pump away air in the mold cavity, and monitoring in real time through a vacuum pressure gauge 11 to enable a vacuum negative pressure environment to be formed in the mold cavity, wherein the pressure is-2 MPa to-1 MPa; and controlling the first heating unit 3 and the second heating unit 8 while vacuumizing, heating to 130 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min by real-time monitoring of the temperature sensor 4, then preserving heat for 5min, heating to 150 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 180min, and naturally cooling to finish the curing of the fiber metal laminate.
The invention is applicable to the prior art where nothing is said.
Claims (9)
1. A fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation forming-vacuum negative pressure curing integrated method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Installing, debugging and preparing a forming and curing mold: the preparation forming and curing mold comprises a liquid chamber, a first heating unit, a temperature sensor, a first annular sealing ring, a female mold, a second heating unit and a second annular sealing ring;
a water through hole is formed on the liquid chamber; the water through port is used for being connected with hydraulic equipment, and liquid injection and liquid withdrawal are carried out through the hydraulic equipment and the water pressure in the mold cavity is controlled; the female die is provided with a micro-scale through hole and a gas pipeline, and the micro-scale through hole is communicated with the gas pipeline; the micro-scale through hole is used for exhausting air in a mold cavity in the forming stage of the fiber metal laminate, and the gas pipeline is used for connecting a vacuum pump and a vacuum pressure gauge; the temperature sensor is arranged in a cavity of the liquid chamber and used for monitoring the temperature of the blank; the heating unit I and the heating unit II are respectively contacted with the outer walls of the liquid chamber and the female die and are respectively used for heating the liquid chamber and the female die;
two rings of annular sealing grooves are formed in the flange surface of the liquid chamber, a first annular sealing ring is arranged in the inner annular sealing groove, and a second annular sealing ring is arranged in the outer annular sealing groove; the height of the first annular sealing ring is not less than the depth of the inner annular sealing groove, and the height of the second annular sealing ring is not less than the depth of the outer annular sealing groove;
(2) The preparation stage comprises the following steps: sequentially paving and pasting the metal thin plate, the thermosetting resin thin film and the fiber cloth on a flange surface of the liquid chamber according to the paving and pasting sequence to prepare a blank; the blank is positioned right above the first annular sealing ring and is tightly attached to the first annular sealing ring, the radius of the blank is not smaller than that of the first annular sealing ring, and the blank and the liquid chamber are sealed through the first annular sealing ring; the second annular sealing ring is positioned on the outer side of the blank; then water is injected into the liquid chamber through a water through port;
the thermosetting resin film is made of epoxy resin or phenolic resin;
(3) Setting parameters of a hydroforming process;
(4) Forming a forming and curing mold cavity: the female die descends to press the blank on the flange surface of the liquid chamber; the female die and the liquid chamber are matched, and the sealing between the liquid chamber and the female die is realized through a second annular sealing ring to form a cavity for preparing a forming curing die;
(5) The heating unit heats the liquid chamber, controls the water temperature through monitoring and feedback of the temperature sensor, controls the temperature below 100 ℃ and simultaneously enables the thermosetting resin to be at a viscosity of 1000mpa.s which is most beneficial to forming, and adjusts the flowability of the thermosetting resin through controlling the viscosity to enable the thermosetting resin to be in an optimal forming state;
(6) And (3) forming: continuously injecting water with the same temperature as the step (5) into the liquid chamber through the water through port, taking the water as a medium to apply pressure on the blank, and deforming the blank under the action of high-pressure water to finish the forming of the fiber metal laminate in a semi-solidified state;
(7) Connecting a vacuum pump and a vacuum pressure gauge with a gas pipeline; the liquid is withdrawn through the water through opening, so that only air is left in the die cavity, and the water through opening is closed;
(8) And (3) a curing stage: controlling a vacuum pump to pump away air in the mold cavity, and monitoring the air pressure in the mold cavity in real time through a vacuum pressure gauge to form a vacuum negative pressure environment in the mold cavity, so as to remove bubbles in the thermosetting resin and form more uniform thermosetting resin distribution; and controlling the first heating unit and the second heating unit while vacuumizing, heating the prepared forming and curing mould according to the curing temperature requirements of different thermosetting resins, controlling the temperature through monitoring and feedback of a temperature sensor, and transmitting the temperature to the thermosetting resin layer to enable the thermosetting resin to be in an optimal curing temperature environment so as to finish curing of the fiber metal laminate.
2. The integrated fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation molding-vacuum negative pressure curing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the water passage port is opened at the bottom position of the side face of the liquid chamber; the temperature sensor is close to the flange surface of the liquid chamber.
3. The integrated fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation and forming-vacuum negative pressure curing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the first annular sealing ring and the second annular sealing ring are made of high temperature resistant materials, the first annular sealing ring is made of rubber, and the second annular sealing ring is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
4. The integrated fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation and forming-vacuum negative pressure curing method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), the surface of the metal sheet is pretreated to remove the surface oxide film and impurities and to make the metal surface generate micro-nano scale holes so as to facilitate the impregnation of thermosetting resin to increase the interlayer bonding strength of the fiber metal laminate; the pretreatment comprises acid-base washing, alcohol wiping and anodic oxidation treatment.
5. The fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation forming-vacuum negative pressure curing integrated method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), the metal sheet is made of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy or titanium alloy, and the thickness is 0.2 to 0.5mm; the thickness of the thermosetting resin film is 0.1 to 0.3mm; the material of the fiber cloth is glass fiber or carbon fiber, and the thickness of the fiber cloth is 0.1 to 0.5mm.
6. The integrated fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation and forming-vacuum negative pressure curing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), water is injected into the liquid chamber through the water through port until the liquid level is 1 to 2mm lower than the flange surface of the liquid chamber.
7. The integrated fiber-metal laminate warm media forming-vacuum negative pressure curing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the parameters include a blank holding force, a liquid chamber pressure and a liquid media temperature.
8. The integrated fiber-metal laminate warm medium preparation, forming and vacuum negative pressure curing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), when the viscosity of the thermosetting resin is 1000mpa.s, the flowability of the thermosetting resin is in the optimum forming state, and the metal thin plate and the fiber cloth can generate a certain beneficial slip during the forming process, thereby increasing the forming limit of the fiber-metal laminate.
9. The integrated fiber metal laminate warm medium preparation and forming-vacuum negative pressure curing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (8), the optimal curing temperature environment is a process of temperature rise, temperature preservation, temperature re-rise, temperature re-preservation and temperature re-reduction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110852003.8A CN113524729B (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2021-07-27 | Integrated method for preparing, forming and vacuum negative pressure curing fiber metal plate temperature medium |
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