CN215120569U - Microbial fuel cell energy collection circuit with maximum power tracking function and high efficiency - Google Patents
Microbial fuel cell energy collection circuit with maximum power tracking function and high efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN215120569U CN215120569U CN202121100782.8U CN202121100782U CN215120569U CN 215120569 U CN215120569 U CN 215120569U CN 202121100782 U CN202121100782 U CN 202121100782U CN 215120569 U CN215120569 U CN 215120569U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a microbial fuel cell energy collecting circuit with maximum power tracking function and high efficiency, which takes a microbial fuel cell as an energy source, and the battery of the form has the biggest advantages of wide raw material source, cleanness and environmental protection, and can provide continuous electric energy while improving the ecological environment; according to the polarization curve and the power density curve of the microbial fuel cell, the working point of the microbial fuel cell can be controlled within a certain range by using the hysteresis comparison circuit, so that the active energy collection of the microbial fuel cell is realized; the boost circuit fused with the switched capacitor network boosts the output voltage of the microbial fuel cell by using the input inductor to reach the voltage value required by the load, and meanwhile, the switched capacitor network structure replaces a diode in a traditional boost converter, so that the energy loss of the circuit is reduced, and the energy conversion efficiency of the microbial fuel cell is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fuel cell field, especially a microbial fuel cell energy collecting circuit with maximum power tracking function, efficient.
Background
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are devices that convert carbohydrates into electrical energy using microorganisms as biocatalysts, and rich organic substances contained in domestic and industrial sewage and wastewater can be used as raw material sources thereof to directly obtain electrical energy therefrom, and are a green renewable energy utilization technology with great development prospects. MFC has incomparable advantages over other new energy development technologies: the raw materials have wide sources, and biomass energy with rich reserves can be utilized; secondly, the raw materials can be directly converted into electric energy, and the electric energy conversion efficiency is high and can reach 90 percent to the maximum; the operation can be carried out under the ambient conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, the cost is low, and the safety is good; and fourthly, the cleaning and environmental protection are realized, no harmful gas is generated, no waste gas treatment is needed, and the like.
In recent years, as the consumption of traditional fossil energy is rapidly increased, the climate environment is extremely deteriorated, the development and application of novel energy are urgent, and the research of microbial fuel cells becomes a hotspot in the field of new energy.
Through the research of the structure and the electricity generating mechanism of a single microbial fuel cell, certain research results are provided on the aspects of cathode and anode materials, substrate concentration, structure optimization and the like which affect the output power of the microbial fuel cell, but the influence on the improvement of the output power of the MFC is limited, and how to collect energy by replacing an external resistor through an energy collecting circuit and reasonably utilize the low-energy output of an MFC system becomes a new research idea for the development and utilization of the MFC.
The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT for short) method is widely applied to the MFC energy collecting circuit, and currently, methods for realizing the Maximum Power Point Tracking function of the MFC mainly include a disturbance observation method, an incremental conductance method, a current scanning method, a constant voltage method (open circuit voltage method), and the like. As shown in fig. 1 (a), an energy harvesting circuit which is currently effective is constituted by a hysteresis comparator and an inductive booster circuit, and it is considered that the output power is maximum when the output voltage of the MFC is equal to half the open circuit voltage. In an actual circuit test, a diode in the circuit structure occupies a large energy loss in an energy conversion process, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the whole circuit is reduced, in order to solve the problem, the diode is replaced by a synchronous switch tube in fig. 1 (b), and the switch tubes S1 and S2 are controlled to be alternately conducted according to a certain rule through a complex control circuit, so that the conversion efficiency of the circuit is effectively improved, but the method needs to design a complex control circuit, and the control circuit occupies a large energy consumption in an electric energy conversion process, so that the requirement of an MFC energy collection system is not completely met.
Aiming at the problem of large energy loss of a diode in an energy collecting circuit, how to find a solution which is simple in structure and suitable for the energy collecting circuit of the microbial fuel cell still needs to be deeply researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a high efficiency microbial fuel cell energy collecting circuit with maximum power tracking function, which overcomes the problem of large energy consumption of the diode in the conventional microbial fuel cell energy collecting circuit.
The utility model discloses a following scheme realizes: a microbial fuel cell energy collection circuit with a maximum power tracking function and high efficiency comprises a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), a hysteresis comparison circuit, a fused switch capacitor network booster circuit and a load; the input end of the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit is connected with the microbial fuel cell, and the output end of the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit is connected with the load; the hysteresis comparison circuit is connected with the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit.
Furthermore, the fused switched capacitor network booster circuit comprises a first inductor L1A switch tube S and a first capacitor C1A first diode D1A second diode D2A second capacitor C2A second inductor L2And an output capacitor C; the first inductor L1And the second capacitor C2One end of the integrated switch capacitor network booster circuit is used as the input end of the integrated switch capacitor network booster circuit and is respectively connected with the microbial fuel cell; two ends of the output capacitor C are used as the output end of the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit and are connected with the load; one end of the microbial fuel cell is respectively connected with the first inductor L1One end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with one input end of the hysteresis comparator circuit; the first inductor L1With the collector of the switching tube S and the first capacitor C, respectively1And the first diode D1Connecting an anode; the emitter of the switch tube S is respectively connected with one end of the microbial fuel cell and the second capacitor C2One end of the second diode D2The cathode of (a) is connected; the first capacitor C1Respectively with the second inductance L2And the second diode D2The anode of (2) is connected; the second capacitor C2And the other end of each of the first and second diodes D1Is connected with one end of the output capacitor C; the other end of the output capacitor C and the second inductor L2The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected; and the grid electrode of the switching tube S is connected with the output end of the hysteresis comparison circuit.
Further, the hysteresis comparison circuit comprises a hysteresis comparator, an inverter and a first resistor R1(ii) a The positive input end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with one end of the microbial fuel cell, and the negative input end of the hysteresis comparator is input with a reference voltage VREF(ii) a The first resistor R1Is connected to the hysteresis comparator, the first resistor R1The other end of the first and second electrodes is grounded; the output end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the positive input end of the phase inverter, the reverse input end of the phase inverter is grounded, and the output end of the phase inverter is used as the output end of the hysteresis comparison circuit and is connected with the grid electrode of the switch tube S.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
the utility model utilizes the energy supplied by the microbial cell to realize the active energy collection of the microbial fuel cell by matching with the hysteresis comparison circuit; meanwhile, the switch capacitor network replaces a traditional booster circuit diode, so that the energy loss of the diode is reduced, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved; after the circuit is initialized, the whole circuit stably provides energy for the load after working normally.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a prior art microbial fuel cell energy collection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein fig. 1 (a) is a hysteresis comparison energy collection circuit, and fig. 1 (b) is a synchronous hysteresis comparison energy collection circuit.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the energy collection circuit of the microbial fuel cell with maximum power tracking function and high efficiency according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows an operating state 1 of the energy collecting circuit of the microbial fuel cell with maximum power tracking and high efficiency according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows an operating state 2 of the energy collecting circuit of the microbial fuel cell with maximum power tracking and high efficiency according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows an energy harvesting circuit test waveform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows the input/output energy collected by the conventional energy collecting circuit and the energy collecting circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows a conventional energy collection circuit and the energy collection efficiency of the energy collection circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a microbial fuel cell energy harvesting circuit with a maximum power tracking function and high efficiency, which includes a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), a hysteresis comparison circuit, a fused switched capacitor network voltage boost circuit, and a load; the input end of the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit is connected with the microbial fuel cell, and the output end of the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit is connected with the load; the hysteresis comparison circuit is connected with the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit.
In this embodiment, the fused switched capacitor network voltage boost circuit includes a first inductor L1A switch tube S and a first capacitor C1A first diode D1A second diode D2A second capacitor C2A second inductor L2And an output capacitor C; the first inductor L1And the second capacitor C2One end of the integrated switch capacitor network booster circuit is used as the input end of the integrated switch capacitor network booster circuit and is respectively connected with the microbial fuel cell; two ends of the output capacitor C are used as the output end of the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit and are connected with the load; one end of the microbial fuel cell is respectively connected with the first inductor L1One end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with one input end of the hysteresis comparator circuit; the first inductor L1With the collector of the switching tube S and the first capacitor C, respectively1And the first diode D1Connecting an anode; the emitter of the switch tube S is respectively connected with one end of the microbial fuel cell and the second capacitor C2One end of the second diode D2The cathode of (a) is connected; the first capacitor C1Respectively with the second inductance L2And the second diode D2The anode of (2) is connected; the second capacitor C2And the other end of each of the first and second diodes D1Is connected with one end of the output capacitor C; the other end of the output capacitor C and the second inductor L2The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected; the grid of the switch tube S is compared with the hysteresisThe output ends of the paths are connected.
In this embodiment, the hysteresis comparison circuit includes a hysteresis comparator, an inverter, and a first resistor R1(ii) a The positive input end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with one end of the microbial fuel cell, and the negative input end of the hysteresis comparator is input with a reference voltage VREF(ii) a The first resistor R1Is connected to the hysteresis comparator, the first resistor R1The other end of the first and second electrodes is grounded; the output end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the positive input end of the phase inverter, the reverse input end of the phase inverter is grounded, and the output end of the phase inverter is used as the output end of the hysteresis comparison circuit and is connected with the grid electrode of the switch tube S.
Preferably, the embodiment further provides a working method of a microbial fuel cell energy collection circuit with a maximum power tracking function and high efficiency, wherein according to a polarization curve and a power density curve of a microbial fuel cell, the output voltage of an MFC is controlled to be 316-390 mV by the hysteresis comparison circuit, so that the MFC works near the maximum energy output voltage value, and the output energy of the MFC is maximum at the time; the hysteresis comparison circuit passes through a first resistor R1At a reference voltage VREFA hysteresis range is generated, thereby setting the upper limit voltage VthHAnd a lower limit voltage VthLThe set 2 threshold voltages enable the output voltage V of the MFC to be adjustedMFCIs controlled at VthL～VthHTo (c) to (d);
in a switching cycle and in a working state 1, the input voltage of the MFC is greater than the upper limit voltage VthHThen, a high level signal is generated at the output end of the hysteresis comparator after passing through the hysteresis comparator, a signal enhanced high level is output after passing through the phase inverter, the high level can turn on the switch tube S, and at the moment, the current of the booster circuit fused with the switch capacitor network flows through the first inductor L1A path formed by the switching tube S for the first inductor L1Charging is carried out, and MFC electric energy is stored in the first inductor L1Upper, lower simultaneous diode D1、D2Cut-off, fuse second in switched capacitor network boost circuitA capacitor C1A second capacitor C2The series discharge provides energy to the load, and the MFC is connected with the first inductor L due to the conduction of the switch tube S1The current in a path formed by the switching tube S is increased, so that the voltage at two ends of the internal resistance of the MFC is increased, the output voltage of the MFC is continuously reduced, and the power density of the MFC is reduced; when the output voltage of the MFC is reduced to the lower limit voltage VthLWhen the switch is in the working state 2, the hysteresis comparison circuit outputs a low level signal to turn off the inverter, so that the switch tube S is cut off, and the first inductor L1Discharge is started while the diode D is on1、D2On, the first capacitor C1A second capacitor C2Charging in parallel; the switch tube S is cut off, the MFC stops discharging the circuit, the voltage generated at two ends of the internal resistance of the MFC is reduced, the output voltage of the MFC is continuously increased again until the voltage is greater than the upper limit voltage VthHThe method is repeated continuously, works in the state 1 and the state 2 alternately, and continuously finishes the collection of the energy of the microbial fuel cell. As shown in fig. 5.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the working state of the working state 1 is: the switch tube S is conducted and the first diode D is connected1A second diode D2Off, the first capacitance C1A second capacitor C2Discharging in series;
the working state 1 is as follows: the switch tube S is turned off and the first diode D is turned off1A second diode D2On, the first capacitor C1A second capacitor C2And charging in parallel.
Preferably, the main body of the energy collecting circuit of the microbial fuel cell of the embodiment is a boost converter fused with a switched capacitor network, and the hysteresis comparison circuit controls the output voltage of the MFC within a certain range according to the polarization curve and the power density curve of the microbial fuel cell, so that the MFC works near the maximum voltage value of energy output. The hysteresis comparison circuit passes through a first resistor R1At a reference voltage VREFA hysteresis range is generated, thereby setting the upper limit voltage VthHAnd a lower limit voltage VthLThe set 2 threshold voltages can be used to control the output voltage V of the MFCMFCIs controlled at VthL～VthHIn the meantime.
The operating principle of the circuit is shown in fig. 3, in a switching period, in the working state 1, the input voltage of the MFC is greater than the upper limit voltage VthHWhen the MFC is charged, a high level signal is generated at the output end of the hysteresis comparator after passing through the hysteresis comparator, a signal enhanced high level is output after passing through the phase inverter, the high level can turn on the switching tube S, at the moment, the current of the DC-DC converter flows through a path formed by the inductor L1 and the switching tube S to charge the inductor L1, the electric energy of the MFC is stored on the inductor, and meanwhile, the diode D is used for storing the electric energy of the MFC1、D2Capacitor C in cut-off, switched capacitor network1、C2Discharging in series to provide energy to the load. Because the switch tube S is conducted, the current in a path formed by the MFC, the inductor L1 and the switch tube S is increased, so that the voltage at two ends of the internal resistance of the MFC is increased, the output voltage of the MFC is continuously reduced, and the power density of the MFC is also reduced. When the output voltage of the MFC is reduced to the lower limit voltage VthLAt this time, in the working state 2 (as shown in fig. 4), the hysteresis comparator circuit outputs a low level signal to turn off the inverter, so that the switch tube S is turned off, the inductor L1 starts to discharge, and the diode D starts to discharge1、D2On, the capacitance C1、C2And charging in parallel. The switch tube S is cut off, the MFC stops discharging the circuit, the voltage generated at two ends of the internal resistance of the MFC is reduced, the output voltage of the MFC is continuously increased again until the voltage is greater than the upper limit voltage VthHThe method is repeated continuously, and the state 1 and the state 2 are operated alternately.
Use traditional energy collection circuit and the utility model discloses energy collection circuit carries out microbial fuel cell energy collection test comparison in 30 minutes operating time with microbial fuel cell as energy supply source, respectively to microbial fuel cell's output voltage VMFCOutput current I of microbial fuel cellMFC And the voltage C at two ends of the energy collection 5.5V and 1F super capacitor0Measurements were taken and used to calculate the input energy E generated by the MFC over 30 minutesinOutput energy EoutAnd the conversion efficiency eta, and the calculation method thereof is shown in formulas (1-1) - (1-3).
Wherein
The average of the values is indicated.
After the experiment is carried out for 30 minutes, the collected data information is calculated according to the formulas (1-1) - (1-3), the traditional energy collecting circuit shown in fig. 6 is drawn, the energy change condition of the microbial fuel cell is collected by the energy collecting circuit, the energy input by the traditional energy collecting circuit is 5.05J, the energy stored in the super capacitor through the traditional energy collecting circuit is 1.65J, the energy input by the energy collecting circuit is 5.14J, and the energy stored in the super capacitor through the energy collecting circuit is 3.56J.
As shown in fig. 7, the energy conversion efficiency of the conventional energy collection circuit in 30 minutes, the microbial fuel cell collected by the energy collection circuit of the present invention is shown, and compared with the conventional energy collection circuit, the energy conversion efficiency of the energy collection circuit of the present invention can reach 88.2% at most, and the conversion efficiency at the end of the test is improved from 46.3% to 69.8%.
It is worth mentioning that the utility model protects a hardware structure, as for the control method does not require protection. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any equivalent changes and modifications made according to the present invention do not exceed the scope of the present invention, and all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A microbial fuel cell energy collection circuit with maximum power tracking function and high efficiency is characterized in that: the system comprises a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), a hysteresis comparison circuit, a fused switch capacitor network booster circuit and a load; the input end of the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit is connected with the microbial fuel cell, and the output end of the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit is connected with the load; the hysteresis comparison circuit is connected with the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit.
2. The microbial fuel cell energy harvesting circuit with maximum power tracking and high efficiency of claim 1, wherein: the fused switched capacitor network booster circuit comprises a first inductor L1A switch tube S and a first capacitor C1A first diode D1A second diode D2A second capacitor C2A second inductor L2And an output capacitor C; the first inductor L1And the second capacitor C2One end of the integrated switch capacitor network booster circuit is used as the input end of the integrated switch capacitor network booster circuit and is respectively connected with the microbial fuel cell; two ends of the output capacitor C are used as the output end of the fused switch capacitor network booster circuit and are connected with the load; one end of the microbial fuel cell is respectively connected with the first inductor L1One end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with one input end of the hysteresis comparator circuit; the first inductor L1With the collector of the switching tube S and the first capacitor C, respectively1And the first diode D1Connecting an anode; the emitter of the switch tube S is respectively connected with one end of the microbial fuel cell and the second capacitor C2One end of the second diode D2The cathode of (a) is connected; the first capacitor C1Respectively with the second inductance L2And the second diode D2The anode of (2) is connected; the secondCapacitor C2And the other end of each of the first and second diodes D1Is connected with one end of the output capacitor C; the other end of the output capacitor C and the second inductor L2The other end of the first and second connecting rods is connected; and the grid electrode of the switching tube S is connected with the output end of the hysteresis comparison circuit.
3. The microbial fuel cell energy harvesting circuit with maximum power tracking and high efficiency of claim 2, wherein: the hysteresis comparison circuit comprises a hysteresis comparator, an inverter and a first resistor R1(ii) a The positive input end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with one end of the microbial fuel cell, and the negative input end of the hysteresis comparator is input with a reference voltage VREF(ii) a The first resistor R1Is connected to the hysteresis comparator, the first resistor R1The other end of the first and second electrodes is grounded; the output end of the hysteresis comparator is connected with the positive input end of the phase inverter, the reverse input end of the phase inverter is grounded, and the output end of the phase inverter is used as the output end of the hysteresis comparison circuit and is connected with the grid electrode of the switch tube S.
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| CN202121100782.8U CN215120569U (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | Microbial fuel cell energy collection circuit with maximum power tracking function and high efficiency |
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| CN202121100782.8U CN215120569U (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | Microbial fuel cell energy collection circuit with maximum power tracking function and high efficiency |
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