CN215049490U - Waste water biological treatment system - Google Patents
Waste water biological treatment system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN215049490U CN215049490U CN202120636864.8U CN202120636864U CN215049490U CN 215049490 U CN215049490 U CN 215049490U CN 202120636864 U CN202120636864 U CN 202120636864U CN 215049490 U CN215049490 U CN 215049490U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- treatment
- solid
- biological
- liquid separation
- sludge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a biological wastewater treatment system, which comprises a biological treatment device, a solid-liquid separation device, a sludge concentration device and an oxidation treatment device. The biological treatment device is configured to receive an organic wastewater and perform a biological treatment on the organic wastewater. The solid-liquid separation device is connected with the biological treatment device and is configured to carry out solid-liquid separation treatment on the organic sludge generated by the biological treatment. The sludge concentration device is connected with the solid-liquid separation device and is configured to perform concentration treatment on the organic sludge subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment. The oxidation treatment device is connected with the sludge concentration device and is configured to carry out oxidation treatment on the concentrated organic sludge and decompose organic matters released by the oxidation treatment. Therefore, the total mass of the organic sludge can be quickly reduced by more than 30 percent, the sludge cleaning cost is saved, and the secondary pollution in the decrement process is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an organic wastewater treatment system especially relates to a high efficiency, low cost and to environmental friendly biological treatment system of waste water, can be applied to various industries such as in electron industry, the civil life industry, textile industry, the chemical industry, and the homoenergetic reduces the output of organic mud.
Background
The organic sludge is a product after organic sewage treatment, and is a very complex heterogeneous body consisting of organic residues, bacterial cells, inorganic particles, colloids and the like. The organic sludge has the main characteristics of high water content (up to more than 99 percent), high organic matter content, easy decomposition and stink generation, fine particles and small specific gravity, and can be transported by a pump.
With the continuous development of the industrialization level of various countries and the continuous enlargement of the urbanization scale of rural areas, the amount of sludge also increases at an incredible speed. The current bulk disposal method of waste organic sludge, incineration and landfill, can cause many subsequent problems, including air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, etc. In addition, the residual capacity of the domestic citizen landfill is insufficient and close to saturation, if a landfill needs to be newly arranged, because land resources are limited, the landfill is not easy to obtain, and the national environmental protection consciousness is raised, related plans are often choked and difficult to operate; therefore, the temporary amount of sludge in the sewage treatment plant is gradually increased.
The stabilization, harmlessness, reduction and recycling of organic sludge are development directions of organic sludge reduction treatment technologies. The existing reduction technology comprises acid/alkali dissolution reaction, anaerobic biological digestion reaction, ultrasonic wall breaking reaction, high-temperature oxidation reaction and the like, after the cell structure of microorganisms in organic sludge is destroyed, organic components in the microorganisms are often released into the solution, so that the organic pollution degree in the solution is greatly improved, and the problem of environmental pollution is not really solved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that a biological wastewater treatment system capable of reducing organic sludge is provided aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the above technical problem, one of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a biological wastewater treatment system, which comprises a biological treatment device, a first solid-liquid separation device, a sludge concentration device and a first oxidation treatment device. The biological treatment device is configured to receive an organic wastewater and perform a biological treatment on the organic wastewater. The first solid-liquid separation device is connected with the biological treatment device and is configured to carry out solid-liquid separation treatment on the organic sludge generated by the biological treatment. The sludge concentration device is connected with the first solid-liquid separation device and is configured to perform concentration treatment on the organic sludge subjected to the solid-liquid separation treatment. The first oxidation treatment device is connected with the sludge concentration device and is configured to perform oxidation treatment on the organic sludge subjected to the concentration treatment and decompose organic matters released by the oxidation treatment.
Further, the oxidation treatment is an ambient temperature catalytic oxidation treatment using an oxidizing agent and a catalyst. The oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, ozone, chloric acid, perchloric acid or sodium hypochlorite, and the catalyst is an iron catalyst, a vanadium catalyst, a lithium catalyst or activated carbon.
Furthermore, the first solid-liquid separation device is connected with the sludge concentration device through a conveying pipeline, and the conveying pipeline is connected with the biological treatment device through a return pipeline.
Further, the sludge concentration apparatus is connected to the biological treatment apparatus through another return line.
Further, the first solid-liquid separating device discharges a liquid phase generated by the solid-liquid separation treatment through a discharge line, and the sludge thickening device is connected to the discharge line through another discharge line.
Furthermore, the biological wastewater treatment system further comprises a second solid-liquid separation device, wherein the second solid-liquid separation device is connected with the first oxidation treatment device and is configured to perform another solid-liquid separation treatment on the organic sludge subjected to the oxidation treatment.
Furthermore, the biological wastewater treatment system further comprises a second oxidation treatment device, wherein the second oxidation treatment device is connected with the second solid-liquid separation device and is configured to perform another oxidation treatment on a solid phase generated by the another solid-liquid separation treatment and decompose organic matters released by the another oxidation treatment.
Further, the biological treatment apparatus receives the organic wastewater through a feed line. The second oxidation treatment device discharges the liquid phase subjected to the other oxidation treatment through a further discharge line, and the further discharge line is connected to the feed line through a further return line.
Furthermore, the other oxidation treatment is a normal temperature catalytic oxidation treatment, which uses an oxidant and a catalyst, wherein the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, ozone, chloric acid, perchloric acid or sodium hypochlorite, and the catalyst is an iron-based catalyst, a vanadium-based catalyst, a lithium-based catalyst or activated carbon.
Further, the biological treatment device has a plurality of biological carriers therein.
To sum up, the utility model discloses a waste water biological treatment system, it can carry out concentrated treatment through "sludge concentration device configuration with the organic sludge who handles through solid-liquid separation" and "oxidation treatment device carries out oxidation treatment through the configuration with the organic sludge who handles through the concentration to with the technical characteristic that the organic matter that oxidation treatment released decomposes", with the total quality of quick reduction organic sludge, make the clear expense of mud more sparingly, and avoid the decrement process to produce secondary pollution.
More specifically, the oxidation treatment device introduces an oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, chloric acid, perchloric acid, sodium hypochlorite and the like and a catalyst such as an iron-based catalyst, a vanadium-based catalyst, a lithium-based catalyst, activated carbon and the like at the same time, and carries out normal-temperature catalytic oxidation treatment on the concentrated organic sludge so as to rapidly oxidize, break the wall and dissolve biological cells in the organic sludge and decompose most organic matters derived in the process. Therefore, the total mass of the sludge can be reduced, and the cleaning and transportation amount of the sludge is reduced.
For a further understanding of the nature and technical content of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, which are provided for reference and illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a biological wastewater treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is another configuration diagram of a biological wastewater treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing one of the wastewater biological treatment systems according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is another configuration diagram of a biological wastewater treatment system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is a description of the embodiments of the "biological wastewater treatment system" disclosed in the present application with reference to specific examples, and those skilled in the art can understand the advantages and effects of the present application from the disclosure of the present application. The present invention may be practiced or carried out in other different embodiments, and various modifications and changes may be made in the details of this description based on the different points of view and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The drawings of the present invention are merely schematic illustrations, and are not drawn to scale, but are described in advance. The following embodiments will further explain the related art of the present invention in detail, but the disclosure is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, the term "or" as used herein should be taken to include any one or combination of more of the associated listed items as the case may be.
First embodiment
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a schematic view of a biological wastewater treatment system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the biological wastewater treatment system Z comprises a biological treatment device 1, a first solid-liquid separation device 2, a sludge concentration device 3 and a first oxidation treatment device 4. In the system configuration, the first solid-liquid separation device 2 is connected with the biological treatment device 1, the sludge concentration device 3 is connected with the first solid-liquid separation device 2, and the first oxidation treatment device 4 is connected with the sludge concentration device 3.
In use, the biological treatment apparatus 1 may be configured to receive organic wastewater to be treated and to biologically treat the organic wastewater; the organic wastewater may be first subjected to one or more pretreatment processes, including physical treatment (e.g., screening, homogenization, etc.) and chemical treatment (e.g., chemical coagulation, chemical precipitation, neutralization, adsorption, etc.), and then introduced into the biological treatment apparatus 1. Thereafter, the first solid-liquid separation device 2 first performs solid-liquid separation treatment on the organic sludge (or called biological sludge) generated by the biological treatment, the sludge concentration device 3 then performs concentration treatment on the organic sludge subjected to the solid-liquid separation treatment, and the first oxidation treatment device 4 further performs oxidation treatment on the organic sludge subjected to the concentration treatment and decomposes organic substances released by the oxidation treatment. Therefore, the total mass of the organic sludge can be quickly reduced by more than 30 percent, the sludge cleaning cost is saved, and the secondary pollution in the decrement process is avoided.
In this embodiment, the biological treatment apparatus 1 can receive the organic wastewater through a feeding line P1, and remove organic substances (such as soluble organic substances) in the wastewater by using the metabolism of microorganisms, i.e., microorganisms decompose and grow the organic substances in the wastewater as food. Preferably, the biological treatment apparatus 1 may have a biological carrier 11 therein, and the biological carrier 11 may have any shape to provide more space for the attachment and growth of microorganisms and to increase the residence time of microorganisms, thereby increasing the amount of microorganisms per unit volume. Thus, the biological treatment apparatus 1 can have a better biological treatment effect. In some embodiments, the wastewater biological treatment system Z may further comprise a raw water storage tank (not shown) for storing the organic wastewater to be treated. And the raw water tank may be connected to the biological treatment apparatus 1 through the feed line P1.
The first solid-liquid separation device 2 can be connected with the biological treatment device 1 through a conveying pipeline P2 to receive the organic sludge generated by the biological treatment device 1 and separate the organic sludge solids from the wastewater by using a proper solid-liquid separation mode; the first solid-liquid separation device 2 may comprise a settling tank, a flotation tank or a membrane filter. The sludge concentration device 3 can be connected with the first solid-liquid separation device 2 through a conveying pipeline P2 to receive the organic sludge after solid-liquid separation treatment and further separate the liquid phase remained in the organic sludge by utilizing a gravity concentration mode. The above description is only a possible embodiment and is not intended to limit the present invention.
The first oxidation treatment device 4 can be connected to the sludge concentration device 3 through a delivery line P2 to receive the concentrated organic sludge and simultaneously introduce an oxidant and a catalyst to perform normal temperature catalytic oxidation treatment on the concentrated organic sludge, wherein the catalyst can improve the oxidation effect. The oxidant can be hydrogen peroxide, ozone, chloric acid, perchloric acid or sodium hypochlorite, and the catalyst can be iron catalyst, vanadium catalyst, lithium catalyst or activated carbon to improve the oxidation effect. In practice, the oxidant and the catalyst may be introduced into the first oxidation treatment unit 4 in quantitative amounts through feed lines (not numbered). The above description is only a possible embodiment and is not intended to limit the present invention.
The organic sludge treated by the first oxidation treatment apparatus 4 can be directly discharged as a final product, and is sent to a designated place for disposal (e.g., landfill or incineration) by a entrepreneur, or is returned to the biological treatment apparatus 1 through a return line P3 (first return line). It is worth noting that in the process of the normal temperature catalytic oxidation treatment, the cell structure of the microorganism can be destroyed, and the released organic matter can be oxidized and decomposed. Therefore, the total mass of the organic sludge can be quickly reduced by more than 30 percent, the sludge cleaning cost is saved, and the secondary pollution generated in the decrement process is avoided. In addition, since the first oxidation treatment device 4 oxidizes the organic sludge at normal temperature, the purpose of reducing energy consumption can be achieved.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of a biological wastewater treatment system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, from the viewpoint of practicality and economic efficiency, a transfer line P2 disposed between the sludge concentration device 3 and the first solid-liquid separation device 2 may be connected to the biological treatment device 1 through another return line P3 (second return line), and the sludge concentration device 3 may be connected to the biological treatment device 1 through another return line P3 (third return line). Thus, when the amount of the organic sludge in the biological treatment apparatus 1 does not reach the required level, the organic sludge separated by the first solid-liquid separation device 2 or the sludge concentration device 3 can be returned to the biological treatment apparatus 1 through the transfer line P2 and the above-mentioned one or two return lines P3 for recycling treatment. Further, the first solid-liquid separation device 2 may discharge the liquid phase generated by the solid-liquid separation treatment through a discharge line P4 (first discharge line), and the sludge thickening device 3 may be connected to a discharge line P4 (first discharge line) of the first solid-liquid separation device 2 through another discharge line P4 (second discharge line) to discharge the liquid phase separated by the thickening treatment.
Second embodiment
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, there are shown diagrams of a biological wastewater treatment system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the wastewater biological treatment system Z mainly includes a biological treatment device 1, a first solid-liquid separation device 2, a sludge concentration device 3 and a first oxidation treatment device 4. The first solid-liquid separation device 2 is connected with the biological treatment device 1, the sludge concentration device 3 is connected with the first solid-liquid separation device 2, and the first oxidation treatment device 4 is connected with the sludge concentration device 3. The technical details of the biological treatment device 1, the first solid-liquid separation device 2, the sludge concentration device 3 and the first oxidation treatment device 4 have been described in the first embodiment, and thus are not described herein again.
The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment mainly in that the biological wastewater treatment system Z may further include a second solid-liquid separation device 5. The second solid-liquid separation device 5 is connected to the first oxidation treatment device 4, and is configured to perform a solid-liquid separation treatment (second solid-liquid separation treatment) on the organic sludge treated by the first oxidation treatment device 4. More specifically, the second solid-liquid separation device 5 can be connected to the first oxidation treatment device 4 through a delivery line P2 to receive the organic sludge treated by the first oxidation treatment device 4 and remove a certain proportion (> 10%) of the liquid phase by a suitable solid-liquid separation method; the second solid-liquid separation device 5 may comprise a plate-and-frame dehydrator or a centrifugal dehydrator. The above description is only a possible embodiment and is not intended to limit the present invention.
Further, the second solid-liquid separation device 5 may be connected to the biological treatment device 1 and the first oxidation treatment device 4 through a further return line P3 (fourth return line); accordingly, the solid phase removed by the second solid-liquid separation device 5 can be returned to the biological treatment device 1 or the first oxidation treatment device 4 for recycling treatment so as to reach the desired sludge quality standard.
The biological wastewater treatment system Z can also comprise a second oxidation treatment device 6 according to actual needs. The second oxidation treatment device 6 is connected to the second solid-liquid separation device 5, and is configured to perform oxidation treatment (second oxidation treatment) on the solid phase removed by the second solid-liquid separation device 5. More specifically, the second oxidation treatment device 6 can be connected to the second solid-liquid separation device 5 through a delivery line P2 to receive the solid phase removed by the second solid-liquid separation device 5, and simultaneously introduce an oxidant and a catalyst to perform normal temperature catalytic oxidation treatment on the solid phase, wherein the catalyst can improve the oxidation effect.
In this embodiment, the room-temperature catalytic oxidation treatment performed by the second oxidation treatment device 6 can also destroy the cell structure of the microorganism and oxidize and decompose the organic substances released therefrom. Wherein the oxidant can be hydrogen peroxide, ozone, chloric acid, perchloric acid or sodium hypochlorite, and the catalyst can be iron catalyst, vanadium catalyst, lithium catalyst or activated carbon to improve the oxidation effect. In practice, the oxidant and the catalyst may be introduced into the second oxidation treatment unit 6 in quantitative amounts through a feed line (not numbered). The above description is only a possible embodiment and is not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in order to improve the practicability and economic efficiency of the wastewater biological treatment system Z, the second oxidation treatment device 6 can be connected to the biological treatment device 1 through another return line P3 (a fifth return line) to guide the solid phase treated by the second oxidation treatment device 6 back to the biological treatment device 1 for recycling treatment. Further, the second solid-liquid separation device 5 may be connected to the discharge line P4 (first discharge line) of the first solid-liquid separation device 2 through a further discharge line P4 (third discharge line), and the second oxidation treatment device 6 may be connected to the discharge line P4 (first discharge line) of the first solid-liquid separation device 2 through a further discharge line P4 (fourth discharge line). In this way, the liquid phase separated by the second solid-liquid separation device 5 and the second oxidation treatment device 6 can be combined with the liquid phase separated by the first solid-liquid separation device 2 and discharged, thereby improving the economic benefit.
Advantageous effects of the embodiments
To sum up, the utility model discloses a waste water biological treatment system, it can carry out concentrated treatment through "sludge concentration device configuration with the organic sludge who handles through solid-liquid separation" and "oxidation treatment device carries out oxidation treatment through the configuration with the organic sludge who handles through the concentration to with the technical characteristic of the organic matter decomposition that oxidation treatment released" with the moisture content (reduction sludge amount) of quick reduction organic sludge, make the clear expense of transporting of mud save more, and avoid excess sludge to produce secondary pollution.
The technical effect of reducing the water content of the organic sludge is illustrated by the experimental data in table 1 as follows:
TABLE 1 reduction of organic sludge by room-temperature oxidative cracking
In table 1, SV30 represents a sludge sedimentation index, defined as: the volume of 1000ml of sludge settled within 30 minutes; SS represents Suspended solids (Suspended Solid); VSS denotes Volatile Solid (Volatile Suspended Solid), sCOD denotes Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand).
The above disclosure is only a preferred and feasible embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, so that all the equivalent technical changes made by the contents of the specification and the drawings are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A biological wastewater treatment system, comprising:
a biological treatment device configured to receive an organic wastewater and perform a biological treatment on the organic wastewater;
a first solid-liquid separation device connected with the biological treatment device and configured to perform solid-liquid separation treatment on the organic sludge generated by the biological treatment;
a sludge concentration device which is connected with the first solid-liquid separation device and is configured to carry out concentration treatment on the organic sludge subjected to the solid-liquid separation treatment; and
the first oxidation treatment device is connected with the sludge concentration device and is configured to carry out oxidation treatment on the organic sludge subjected to the concentration treatment and decompose organic matters released by the oxidation treatment.
2. The biological wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the oxidation treatment is a catalytic oxidation treatment at room temperature, which uses an oxidant and a catalyst, the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, ozone, chloric acid, perchloric acid or sodium hypochlorite, and the catalyst is an iron-based catalyst, a vanadium-based catalyst, a lithium-based catalyst or activated carbon.
3. The biological wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the first solid-liquid separator is connected to the sludge thickener via a transfer line, and the transfer line is connected to the biological treatment apparatus via a return line.
4. The biological wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the sludge concentration device is connected to the biological treatment device through another return line.
5. The biological wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the first solid-liquid separation device discharges a liquid phase produced by the solid-liquid separation treatment through a discharge line, and the sludge concentration device is connected to the discharge line through another discharge line.
6. The biological wastewater treatment system according to claim 1, further comprising a second solid-liquid separation device connected to the first oxidation treatment device and configured to perform another solid-liquid separation treatment on the organic sludge subjected to the oxidation treatment.
7. The biological wastewater treatment system according to claim 6, further comprising a second oxidation treatment unit connected to the second solid-liquid separation unit and configured to perform another oxidation treatment on a solid phase generated by the another solid-liquid separation treatment and decompose organic substances released by the another oxidation treatment.
8. The biological wastewater treatment system according to claim 7, wherein said biological treatment means receives said organic wastewater through a feed line; the second oxidation treatment device discharges the liquid phase subjected to the further oxidation treatment through a further discharge line, and the further discharge line is connected to the feed line through a further return line.
9. The biological wastewater treatment system according to claim 7, wherein the another oxidation treatment is a normal temperature catalytic oxidation treatment using an oxidant and a catalyst, the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, ozone, chloric acid, perchloric acid or sodium hypochlorite, and the catalyst is an iron-based catalyst, a vanadium-based catalyst, a lithium-based catalyst or activated carbon.
10. The biological wastewater treatment system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological treatment device has a plurality of biological supports therein.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202120636864.8U CN215049490U (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2021-03-29 | Waste water biological treatment system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202120636864.8U CN215049490U (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2021-03-29 | Waste water biological treatment system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN215049490U true CN215049490U (en) | 2021-12-07 |
Family
ID=79151892
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202120636864.8U Active CN215049490U (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2021-03-29 | Waste water biological treatment system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN215049490U (en) |
-
2021
- 2021-03-29 CN CN202120636864.8U patent/CN215049490U/en active Active
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4610977B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for treating sludge return water | |
CN103359876A (en) | Harmless dimethylacetamide wastewater treatment method | |
CN207861965U (en) | A kind of multistage out-phase three-dimensional electrochemical reaction unit for waste water treatment | |
CN208038252U (en) | A kind of waste water removes the device of COD | |
JP2013123706A (en) | System and method for treating waste water containing suspended organic matter | |
CN215049490U (en) | Waste water biological treatment system | |
CN205222944U (en) | Sewage treatment system | |
JP4667890B2 (en) | Organic waste treatment methods | |
CN215102679U (en) | Sewage treatment system that standard transformation was carried in town sewage factory | |
JP2006239625A (en) | Method and equipment for treating organic waste | |
CN212425814U (en) | Advanced treatment system for aromatic and heterocyclic compound wastewater | |
JP3600566B2 (en) | Method for treating organic waste and method for producing biogas | |
CN212050969U (en) | Wet garbage treatment system | |
CN211497322U (en) | Treatment device for refuse landfill penetrating fluid | |
CN112811738A (en) | Multi-stage purification treatment method for waste water of refuse landfill | |
CN203373242U (en) | Oil refining wastewater biochemical treatment system | |
KR102131743B1 (en) | Bio-reactor for sewage treatment and sewage treatment system comprising the same | |
CN112707593A (en) | Synthetic ammonia wastewater treatment system and treatment method | |
CN110117137A (en) | A kind of method and system of Sinomenine production sewage treatment | |
TWM616350U (en) | Wastewater biological treatment system | |
KR100666605B1 (en) | Wastewater treatment method for reducing waste-sludge utilizing an anaerobic digestion reactor and wastewater treatment system thereof | |
JP2006326438A (en) | Apparatus and method for treating sludge | |
CN110615550A (en) | Water recycling technology for fine garbage sorting process | |
CN115385520B (en) | Urban sewage treatment method for efficiently recycling ammonia | |
CN109796110A (en) | A kind of oxidation treatment method of oil refining waste water |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |