CN215004952U - Weak phase object femtosecond level time resolution imaging device - Google Patents
Weak phase object femtosecond level time resolution imaging device Download PDFInfo
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a femtosecond time resolution imaging device for a weak phase object, which comprises a detection unit and a pumping unit; after the light emitted by the femtosecond laser light source passes through the beam splitter, the transmitted light is used as detection light to enter the detection unit, and the reflected light is used as pump light to enter the pump unit; the detection unit comprises a beam expanding system, a small hole, a 4f system, a vortex filter and a CCD detector; the detection light passes through the beam expanding system to obtain a beam expanding light beam with uniform light intensity distribution, then passes through the small hole and enters the 4f system, a vortex filter for modulating spectrum information is arranged on a focal plane of the 4f system, the emergent light of the 4f system finally reaches the CCD detector for imaging, and a weak phase object is arranged in the beam expanding light beam of the incident small hole; the femtosecond time delay device in the pumping unit controls and adjusts the optical path between the pumping optical path and the detection optical path. The device is applied to detecting weak phase objects in the biological field; high-contrast imaging of weak-phase objects in a dark background and imaging detection of an ultrafast dynamic process are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an imaging technology, in particular to weak phase place object femto second level time resolution image device.
Background
The vortex light is a special light beam with a spiral isophase surface in the transmission process and has a spiral phase factor eimθWherein θ is the azimuth; m is the number of topological charges, also called the number of quanta of orbital angular momentum; i is an imaginary unit. Due to the presence of the phase singularity in the center, the vortex light is distributed in a dark hollow ring shape, namely the amplitude of the central field is zero, and a dark area with zero brightness appears on the cross section of the light beam, and the vortex light is called as optical vortex. Compared with the common Gaussian beam, the vortex light has the advantages of good confidentiality, large transmission capacity, high efficiency, easiness in coding and decoding and the like, and has wide application prospects in the aspects of micro-nano processing, quantum communication, optical tweezers and the like.
In fourier optics, the image of the object field can be changed by placing a spatial filter on the spatial spectral plane of the optical system, changing the amplitude and phase of the spatial frequency. Vortex filtering refers to introducing a spatial filter with a spiral phase factor into a frequency spectrum plane to realize a space for changing an imageAnd (4) a filtering mode. Khonina et al introduced a transmittance function H (ρ, θ) ═ e in the spectrum plane of the 4f system in 1992iθNamely a spatial filter with 1 topological charge number, and realizes uniform image edge enhancement effects through radial Hilbert transform. In 2005, Grover a swartz lander Jr proposed an optical vortex coronagraph technique [ prior art: g.foo, d.m.palacios, and g.a.swartz lander, Optical vortex coronagph, Optics letters (a) 2005:30, 3308-. Meanwhile, it is proved by theory and experiment that the central dark nucleus region obtained by using the vortex filter with m-2 is large compared with the vortex filter with m-1, which means that a wider range of high contrast ratio can be realized.
Although the radial Hilbert transform can play a certain role in the imaging field, the low contrast characteristic obviously limits the application of the radial Hilbert transform in weak phase or weak signal imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitation problem of the existing vortex filtering imaging, a weak phase object femtosecond time resolution imaging device is provided, can be applied to an optical vortex coronagraph for weak phase object imaging, and realizes femtosecond (1fs is 10 ═ fs)-15s) ultra-fast time resolution optical imaging with precision.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that: a femtosecond time-resolved imaging device for a weak-phase object comprises a detection unit and a pumping unit; after the light emitted by the femtosecond laser light source passes through the beam splitter, the transmitted light is used as detection light to enter the detection unit, and the reflected light is used as pump light to enter the pump unit; the detection unit comprises a beam expanding system, a small hole, a 4f system, a vortex filter and a CCD detector; the detection light passes through the beam expanding system to obtain a beam expanding light beam with uniform light intensity distribution, then passes through the small hole and enters the 4f system, a vortex filter for modulating spectrum information is arranged on a focal plane of the 4f system, the emergent light of the 4f system finally reaches the CCD detector for imaging, and the weak phase object is arranged in the beam expanding light beam of the incident small hole; the femtosecond time delay device in the pumping unit controls and adjusts the optical path between the pumping optical path and the detection optical path.
Preferably, the beam expanding system is composed of a concave lens and a convex lens, the beam expanding magnification of the light spot is determined by focal lengths of the two lenses, and the light spot with uniform energy distribution is obtained through the beam expanding system.
Preferably, the 4f system consists of two imaging convex lenses, and the vortex filter is arranged on the confocal plane of the two imaging lenses.
Preferably, the vortex filter is a spiral phase plate with topological charge number equal to +/-2, a vortex half-wave plate or a spatial light modulator.
Preferably, when the vortex filter is a vortex half-wave plate, the light incident on the vortex filter is required to be circularly polarized light.
Preferably, the pumping unit comprises a delay device and a focusing lens, the delay device comprises an electric translation stage with fs-level precision and two reflectors arranged on the electric translation stage, and the pumping light enters the focusing lens for focusing after the optical path of the pumping light is adjusted by the delay device.
Preferably, the 4f system consists of two objective lenses, and the vortex filter is placed on the confocal plane of the two objective lenses.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: the utility model relates to a femto second time resolution imaging device of weak phase object realizes the ultrafast time resolution imaging of weak phase object based on vortex filtering mode, belongs to the brand-new application of frequency spectrum filtering, faces to weak phase object, especially weak phase object, is expected to be applied to the weak phase object in the detection biology field, such as biological cell, transparent biology, etc.; the utility model introduces the ultrafast time resolution system, can realize the time resolution imaging of the ultrafast physical process, and expands the application field of the utility model; by using a pumping detection technology, the relative time delay of the two beams of light is accurately controlled by adjusting the relative optical paths of the two beams of light, and the time resolution precision of imaging can reach the femtosecond level.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a femtosecond time-resolved imaging device for a weak-phase object according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an image of an aperture of the present invention without modulation by a vortex filter;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the corona effect of the dark background obtained by adding the vortex filter;
fig. 4 is the weak phase object imaging diagram of the pump light and the probe light under different time delays.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The weak phase object femtosecond time resolution imaging device comprises a detection unit and a pumping unit; the detection unit part is used for imaging the incident surface weak phase object; the pumping unit part is the utility model discloses optical system provides ultrafast time resolution ability. A vortex filter is added in the detection unit, and a weak phase object is introduced into the incident surface, so that high-contrast imaging of the weak phase object in a dark background can be realized; meanwhile, an ultrafast time resolution optical time delay device is introduced into the pumping unit part, so that the imaging detection of the ultrafast dynamic process of the weak-phase object is realized.
Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the femtosecond time-resolved imaging device for the weak phase object of the present invention. The device comprises a femtosecond laser light source 1, a beam splitter 2, a reflector 3, a reflector 4, a reflector 5, a focusing lens 6, a reflector 7, a reflector 8, a reflector 9, a concave lens 10, a convex lens 11, a quarter wave plate 12, an aperture 14, an imaging lens 15, a vortex filter 16, an imaging lens 17 and an imaging CCD 18. A in the figure is a pumping light path, the pumping light path comprises a time delay device and a focusing lens 6, the time delay device comprises a precise electric translation table and two reflectors 3 and 4 arranged on the precise electric translation table, and the pumping light enters the focusing lens 6 for condensation after being subjected to light path adjustment through the time delay device: a reflector 3 and a reflector 4; and B is a detection light path which comprises a beam expanding system consisting of a reflecting mirror 5, a reflecting mirror 7, a reflecting mirror 8, a reflecting mirror 9, a concave lens 10 and a convex lens 11, a quarter-wave plate 12, a small hole 14, a 4f system consisting of two imaging lenses 15 and 17, a vortex filter 16 and a CCD 18. The linearly polarized light beam of the femtosecond laser source 1 is split into reflected light and transmitted light with different energy proportions after passing through the beam splitter 2. The transmitted light is detection light, the detection light passes through a plurality of reflectors for compensation so as to achieve an optical path difference with a pumping light path, and then sequentially passes through a beam expanding system consisting of a concave lens 10 and a convex lens 11 for beam expanding, the beam expanding magnification of a light spot is determined by the focal lengths of the two lenses, and the aim is to obtain the light spot with uniform energy distribution; the expanded linearly polarized light passes through the quarter-wave plate 12 and then becomes circularly polarized light (note: when the vortex filter is a spiral phase plate, the linearly polarized light does not need to be changed into the circularly polarized light), then passes through the entrance pupil aperture 14, then passes through the imaging lens 15 of the 4f system, the vortex filter 16 and the imaging lens 17 of the 4f system in sequence, and finally is imaged on the CCD 18. Without the introduction of a weak phase object 13 and without the pump light path, the CCD detects a dark background. After introducing the weak phase object 13 between the quarter wave plate 12 and the aperture 14, the weak phase object can be detected in the aforementioned dark background. The reflected light of the beam splitter 2 is pump light, the pump light is focused through the focusing lens 6 after passing through the delay light path, the pump light acts on the weak phase object 13 at the focus, the optical path between the pump light path and the detection light path is controlled, and the time delay between the pump light path and the detection light path can be controlled, so that the change of the weak phase object after interaction along with the time is detected in the dark background, namely, the time resolution of the phase object is realized, and the ultrafast dynamic physical mechanism of the phase object is researched.
The following are the parameters of the example, which uses a titanium sapphire femtosecond laser source with a center wavelength of 796 nm. The weak phase object of the embodiment adopts a plasma filament formed by focusing femtosecond laser on air as a research object. When the femtosecond strong laser is transmitted in the air, the plasma filament is generated under the combined action of the self-focusing effect, the plasma defocusing effect generated by ionization and other physical effects, and at the moment, the energy of the femtosecond laser reaches dynamic balance and forms a slender plasma filament. The plasma filament can cause weak change of the refractive index, and is an ideal weak-phase object.
The femtosecond laser source 1 emits pulsed light with a central wavelength of 796nm, a pulse width of 35fs, a repetition frequency of 1kHz, and a horizontal polarization, and the pulsed light is incident on a beam splitter 2 with a reflectivity of 75% and a transmittance of 25% and is split into reflected light and transmitted light. The transmitted light passes through a plurality of reflectors to compensate for the optical path difference with the pumping light path A, and then passes through a concave lens 10 with the focal length of-10 cm and a convex lens 11 with the focal length of 40cm to obtain an expanded light beam, wherein the diameter of a light spot is expanded by 4 times. This embodiment uses a vortex half-wave plate as a filter, and therefore needs to convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. The expanded linearly polarized light enters the quarter-wave plate to become circularly polarized light, and then passes through the small hole 14 with the diameter of 2 mm. The circularly polarized light enters a 4f system, and passes through an imaging lens 15 with a focal length of 30cm, a vortex half-wave plate (vortex filter 16) with a vortex topological charge number m of 2, an imaging objective lens 17 with a focal length of 30cm and an imaging CCD18 with a pixel size of 3.69 mu m multiplied by 3.69 mu m in sequence. Wherein, the weak phase object 13 and the small hole 14 should be in the same object plane as much as possible to obtain better imaging effect; the vortex half-wave plate is placed on the confocal plane of the imaging lenses 15 and 17 to modulate the spectral information (the focal lengths of the two imaging lenses are not required to be the same). In the case of no introduction of weak phase objects and no vortex half-wave plate, the CCD18 detects a normal pinhole image, as shown in fig. 2; under the condition of introducing no weak phase object and adding a vortex half-wave plate, the frequency spectrum information of the aperture at the focal plane of a 4f system is modulated, at the moment, a coronal imaging picture is detected by the CCD18 on an imaging surface, as shown in FIG. 3, the light intensity in the aperture is 0, and the detection light is diffracted to the outside of the aperture. When a weak phase object, i.e., a plasma filament, is introduced, a light pattern is detected on the imaging plane CCD18, as shown in fig. 4, for different delays. The forming light path of the plasma filament is as follows: the femtosecond laser is reflected by the beam splitter 2, then sequentially passes through the time delay device and the focusing lens 6 of the pumping light path A, and finally forms a plasma filament at the focus of the lens 6. This embodiment uses a 33fs precision motorized translation stage delay (translation stage minimum step size is 0.005mm, since the incident and return passes the delay line twice, the minimum step size provides an optical path difference between the two beams of light of 0.005mm x 2, divided by the speed of light in air of 3 x 108m/s, and the precision of the time delay between the two pump detection beams is 33 fs. ) The step length of the translation stage can be set on software to control the optical path difference between the pumping optical path A and the detection optical path B, so as to change the time delay between the pumping optical path A and the detection optical path B; the focusing lens 6 has a focal length of 10 cm. When a weak phase object plasma filament is introduced and the optical paths of the two paths A and B are equal, a bright line appears in the originally detected dark background of the CCD18, the bright line is caused by the fact that the plasma introduces refractive index variation, the phase of a detection light incident surface is changed, and the weak phase object imaging of the plasma by the detection optical path can be considered at the moment. Further, by adjusting the optical path difference between the pumping optical path and the detection optical path, the dynamic formation process and the decay process after formation of the plasma can be detected. Fig. 4 is a plasma filament image with time delays of 1.163ps, 1.578ps, 2.076ps and 2.574ps for the probe light and the pump light, respectively, demonstrating the formation and evolution of the plasma filament.
The vortex half-wave plate is adopted as the vortex filter 16, and the circular polarized light can be introduced into a geometric phase after being incident on the vortex half-wave plate, so that emergent light carries a spiral phase factor. Obtaining Jones matrix expression of vortex light usable light field by circularly polarized light through a vortex half-wave plate:
which represents the incident circularly polarized light and,the method is a Jones matrix expression of the vortex half-wave plate, wherein m is the topological charge number of vortex, and alpha is the radial angle of the vortex half-wave plate in the fast axis direction. In this embodiment, a vortex half-wave plate with m being 2 is used, and the output light field after the circularly polarized light enters the vortex half-wave plate 16 is obtained as
From equation (1), the output light field after circularly polarized light is incident on the vortex half-wave plate 16 is carriedHelical phase factor ei2αIt becomes vortex rotation and the polarization state becomes reverse circular polarization. Introducing a helical phase factor ei2αAfter modulating the 4f system frequency spectrum surface information, the output light field of the aperture with the diameter of 2mm on the imaging surface is:
wherein R is the pore radius, E2(r, θ) is the outgoing light field in polar coordinates. As can be seen from the expression, the light fields inside the small holes are all zero, and the light fields outside the small holes are 1/r2And (4) distribution. The light intensity diffracts outside the aperture, obtaining the dark background of fig. 3.
The vortex topological charge number m is +2 or-2, which respectively indicates whether the vortex light beam phase rotates anticlockwise or clockwise around the central axis, so that the output light field on the final dark background imaging surface is:
in fig. 1, if the plasma optical fiber is used as the weak phase object, the focusing lens 6 may have other focal lengths to form the plasma optical fiber; if other weak phase objects are used, the focusing lens 6 may not be needed if the laser energy is sufficient to interact with the weak phase object. The imaging lens 15 and the imaging lens 17 of the 4f system can be replaced by two objective lenses, in which case the imaging resolution of the system is higher. The vortex filter is a spiral phase plate with topological charge number equal to 2, a vortex half-wave plate or a spatial light modulator. The vortex filter needs to be placed at the confocal plane, i.e. the spectral plane position, of the 4f system, where if a vortex half-wave plate is used, it is required that the light incident to the vortex filter is circularly polarized.
The above-mentioned embodiments only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A femtosecond time-resolved imaging device for a weak-phase object is characterized by comprising a detection unit and a pumping unit; after the light emitted by the femtosecond laser light source passes through the beam splitter, the transmitted light is used as detection light to enter the detection unit, and the reflected light is used as pump light to enter the pump unit; the detection unit comprises a beam expanding system, a small hole, a 4f system, a vortex filter and a CCD detector; the detection light passes through the beam expanding system to obtain a beam expanding light beam with uniform light intensity distribution, then passes through the small hole and enters the 4f system, a vortex filter for modulating spectrum information is arranged on a focal plane of the 4f system, the emergent light of the 4f system finally reaches the CCD detector for imaging, and the weak phase object is arranged in the beam expanding light beam of the incident small hole; the femtosecond time delay device in the pumping unit controls and adjusts the optical path between the pumping optical path and the detection optical path.
2. The femtosecond time-resolved imaging device for the weak-phase object as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beam expanding system is composed of a concave lens and a convex lens, the beam expanding magnification of the light spot is determined by the focal lengths of the two lenses, and the light passes through the beam expanding system to obtain the light spot with uniform energy distribution.
3. The femtosecond time-resolved imaging device for the weak-phase object according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the 4f system is composed of two convex imaging lenses, and the vortex filter is placed on the confocal plane of the two convex imaging lenses.
4. The weak-phase object femtosecond-level time-resolved imaging device according to claim 3, wherein the vortex filter is a spiral phase plate, a vortex half-wave plate or a spatial light modulator with topological charge number equal to ± 2.
5. The femtosecond time-resolved imaging device for the weak-phase object according to claim 4, wherein when the vortex filter is a vortex half-wave plate, the light incident on the vortex filter is required to be circularly polarized light.
6. The femtosecond time-resolved imaging device for the weak-phase object according to claim 1, wherein the pumping unit comprises a time delay device and a focusing lens, the time delay device comprises an electric translation stage with fs level precision and two reflectors arranged thereon, and the pumping light enters the focusing lens for condensation after being subjected to optical path adjustment through the time delay device.
7. The weak-phase object femtosecond-level time-resolved imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the 4f system is composed of two objective lenses, and a vortex filter is placed on a confocal plane of the two objective lenses.
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CN114217454A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-03-22 | 华中科技大学 | Design and implementation method of spatial frequency spectrum modulation device based on diffraction optical element |
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CN114217454A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-03-22 | 华中科技大学 | Design and implementation method of spatial frequency spectrum modulation device based on diffraction optical element |
CN114217454B (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-06-10 | 华中科技大学 | Design and implementation method of spatial frequency spectrum modulation device based on diffraction optical element |
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