CN116224606A - Space-time combined regulation and control device and method for super-strong ultrashort laser - Google Patents

Space-time combined regulation and control device and method for super-strong ultrashort laser Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116224606A
CN116224606A CN202310108395.6A CN202310108395A CN116224606A CN 116224606 A CN116224606 A CN 116224606A CN 202310108395 A CN202310108395 A CN 202310108395A CN 116224606 A CN116224606 A CN 116224606A
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reflective
laser
time
frequency
cylindrical mirror
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王文鹏
孙丰钰
詹其文
李儒新
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/0977—Reflective elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/0944—Diffractive optical elements, e.g. gratings, holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/0977—Reflective elements
    • G02B27/0983—Reflective elements being curved
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

A space-time regulation shaping device of ultra-short laser comprises: the reflective blazed grating is used for dispersing the frequency of the incident ultra-short laser beam and realizing time-frequency Fourier transform; a reflective cylindrical mirror for correcting the beam quality; and the reflective phase plate is arranged at the focus of the reflective cylindrical mirror and is used for adding a spiral phase on the frequency domain of the light beam, so that the light beam reflected by the reflective phase plate is subjected to inverse time-frequency Fourier transform after passing through the reflective cylindrical mirror and the reflective blazed grating again. The reflective optical element has a higher damage threshold; the method is suitable for the large spot size of the super-strong laser; nonlinear effects caused at relativistic light intensities are avoided.

Description

Space-time combined regulation and control device and method for super-strong ultrashort laser
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of super strength>10 18 W/cm 2 ) The field of ultra-short (30 fs) laser shaping, in particular to a space-time regulation shaping device and a method for ultra-short laser.
Background
Light is a viable information carrier with many applications in data transmission, optical communication, photonics and optoelectronics, utilizing various forms of light-substance interactions. In particular optical measurement techniques including interferometry, spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Traditionally, light fields with simple spatial distribution, such as plane waves and substantially gaussian beams, are used for these applications. In recent years, multiparameter light field modulation has become an emerging approach that allows the three-dimensional distribution of a light beam to be tailored in multiple degrees of freedom (i.e., amplitude, phase, polarization ratio, and ellipticity) with space-time, thereby providing a higher degree of freedom. This will enable high volume information transmission or specific shapes of intensity and phase distribution to achieve the desired optimized light-substance interactions such as super resolution imaging, optical tweezers, optical communication, quantum computation and astronomical physics.
Currently, multiparameter light field modulation is rarely achieved in the relativistic intensity region (typically greater than 10 18 W/cm 2 ) Is proposed and implemented because high intensity, high flux light may destroy conventional transmissive optical lenses or phase plates in the experimental light path. Heretofore, a reflective single spatial phase modulation method has been used to achieve intensities exceeding 10 18 W/cm 2 Is a relativistic spatial vortex laser (i.e., a lager-gaussian mode laser). The large-size reflective phase plate has been designed and realized to be applied to ultra-strong laser-driven high-energy proton acceleration experiments. In future experiments, ultra-strong space-time modulation lasers will also be realized in a similar reflection manner. This would add new degrees of freedom manipulation to ultra-strong laser driven plasma interactions to meet time scale demanding applications such as the generation of spatiotemporal vortex harmonics, the generation of isolated ultrashort electron and radiation pulses for detecting ultrafast dynamics, and the generation of imaging nanostructures.
Currently, at relativistic laser intensities, single spatial phase modulation has been achieved.
In 2017, a.leblanc et al, nature Physics, 5, 440-443, describe an ultra-high intensity optical plasma hologram that uses a plasma hologram to achieve spatial shaping of a beam by initiating plasma expansion and holographic pre-pulse beam focusing on a planar solid target. One of the modulated plasma surfaces can be used for diffracting and spatially shaping a super-intense laser beam in a few picoseconds after ionization.
In 2020, wang Wenpeng et al, physical Review Letter, 125, 034801, describe "hollow plasma acceleration driven by relativistic reflected hollow laser" in which spatial phase modulation of relativistic laser light is achieved using a large-sized reflective phase plate, outputting super-strong lager-gaussian mode laser light. The reflective phase plate has 32 steps, the size is 230 mm multiplied by 170 mm, and the thickness of the phase plate is 150 mm; the article mentions that phase modulation of relativistic lasers using large-sized reflective phase plates is achieved.
In 2022, E.Port et al, journal of Optics, 24,085501, describe the use of a laser to write directly to a spiral phase plasma mirror. The reflector provides a solution for arbitrary spatial beam shaping at ultra-high laser intensities. With orbital angular momentum l=1 and laser intensity of 10 17 Wcm -2 The spatially vortex laser of (c) demonstrates the use of these plasma optics.
However, the above schemes can only realize spatial phase modulation on ultra-short laser. For the space-time phase regulation of ultra-short laser, no related research report exists so far.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to solve the problems that: in order to solve the problems that the current optical element has low laser damage threshold value and overlarge laser spot diameter under the non-relativistic light intensity, is not suitable for the conventional optical element, is easy to cause nonlinear effect due to overlarge laser light intensity and the like, the space-time combined regulation and control under the relativistic field is realized, and the multidimensional (time scale and space scale) control of a new laser mode on substances is realized in the relativistic field.
In order to solve the problems, the technical solution of the invention is as follows:
on the one hand, the invention provides a space-time regulation shaping device of ultra-short laser, which is characterized by comprising:
the reflective blazed grating is used for dispersing the frequency of the incident ultra-short laser beam and realizing time-frequency Fourier transform;
the shaping principle of a reflective cylindrical mirror is that it affects only the divergence or convergence of the axial component (one-dimensional) of the vertical cylindrical lens of light. For correcting the beam quality; including correction for astigmatism and spot shape.
And the reflective phase plate is arranged at the focus of the reflective cylindrical mirror and is used for adding a spiral phase to the frequency domain of the light beam, so that the light beam reflected by the reflective phase plate passes through the reflective cylindrical mirror and the reflective blazed grating again and then realizes the inverse time-frequency Fourier transform.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps:
the laser is used for providing a super-strong ultrashort laser beam;
the reflecting mirror group is used for reflecting the light beam to make the light beam spread in a free space to generate diffraction so as to form space-time optical vortex;
and the off-axis parabolic mirror is used for focusing the light beam and then making the light beam incident to the target table.
Further, the laser outputs a Gaussian laser beam with the laser center wavelength of 800 nanometers, after the laser beam is subjected to multi-slit diffraction and interference of light of a certain specific order of the reflective blazed grating, the laser beam is subjected to frequency dispersion according to different wavelengths, and then is subjected to single axial convergence or divergence through the reflective cylindrical mirror, so that after the time-frequency Fourier transform of the laser beam is realized, the spiral phase of 0 to 2 pi is increased in the frequency domain through the reflective phase plate.
Preferably, the focal spot diameter (> 150 mm) of the ultra-short laser beam is super-strong, and the size of the reflective blazed grating is 380 mm long, 280 mm wide and 50 mm thick; the size of the reflective cylindrical mirror is 230 mm long and 190 mm wide; the reflective phase plate has a dimension of 230 mm long, 170 mm wide and 150 mm thick. To ensure the effect of the optical element on the light field shaping, the dimensions (length and width) of the optical element are larger than 150 mm of the laser focal spot diameter.
Preferably, the reflective blazed grating satisfies 2dsin θ=mλ, where λ is a blaze wavelength, m is a blaze order, and d is a groove period (groove pitch).
Preferably, λ=800 nanometers, m=1, d=570 nanometers.
Preferably, the radius of curvature R, focal length f, refractive index n, and thickness D of the reflective cylindrical mirror satisfy 1/f= (n-1)/R and (n-1) d=r.
Preferably, the radius of curvature r=25 mm, the refractive index n=1.5, the thickness d=50 mm, and the focal length f=50 mm of the reflective cylindrical mirror.
Preferably, the reflective phase plate has 32 steps, the 32 steps carrying a phase range of 0 to 2 pi.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a space-time regulation shaping method of the ultra-short laser, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the incident ultra-short laser beam is dispersed in frequency through the reflective blazed grating, so that time-frequency Fourier transform is realized;
correcting the beam quality by a reflective cylindrical mirror; including correction for astigmatism and spot shape.
And adding a spiral phase to the light beam frequency domain through a reflective phase plate, so that the light beam reflected by the reflective phase plate passes through the reflective cylindrical mirror and the reflective blazed grating again, and then the time-frequency inverse Fourier transform is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the super-strong laser can be modulated by the reflective blazed grating, the reflective cylindrical mirror and the reflective phase plate in the two dimensions of time and space, so that the space-time optical vortex is generated.
2. The reflective optical element has high laser damage threshold, so that the reflective optical element can bear ultrahigh laser intensity and cannot be damaged;
3. spot size (diameter 150 mm) suitable for super laser;
4. the influence caused by nonlinear effects, such as optical harmonic wave, frequency multiplication and the like, can be reduced by plating the antireflection film, so that the quality of laser is further ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the light path of an embodiment 1 of the spatial-temporal modulation shaping device of the ultra-short laser of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the reflective blazed grating in embodiment 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a reflecting cylindrical mirror in embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reflective phase plate in embodiment 1;
fig. 5 is a light path diagram of an application embodiment of the spatial-temporal control shaping device of the ultra-short laser of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to the drawings, fig. 1 is a light path diagram of an embodiment 1 of a space-time adjusting and shaping device for ultra-short laser according to the present invention, in which ultra-short laser (peak power>10 18 W/cm 2 Laser pulse width-30 fs) focal spot diameter>150 microns).
For reflective gratings, blazed wavelength, groove spacing, and blazed order are three fundamental characteristics of blazed gratings. It is desirable to have the majority of the optical power at the designed diffraction order while minimizing the loss of optical power at other levels, especially the zero order. This minimizes light loss and the size of the grating area is larger than the focal spot size before focusing. The dimensions used in this example were 380 mm long by 280 mm wide and 50 mm thick. The blazed grating satisfies 2dsin θ=mλ, the blaze wavelength λ is 800 nm, the blaze order m is 1, and the groove period (groove pitch) d is 570 nm, see fig. 2.
For a reflective cylindrical mirror, it is necessary to design parameters such as radius of curvature, lens thickness, lens refractive index, and lens focal length. Also, the size is larger than the focal spot size before focusing. The dimensions used in this example were 230 mm long and 190 mm wide. The radius of curvature r=25 mm, the refractive index n=1.5, and the cylindrical mirror thickness d=50 mm satisfy (n-1) d=r. Focal length f=50 mm, radius of curvature R, and refractive index n satisfy 1/f= (n-1)/R, see fig. 3.
The reflective phase plate has 32 steps, the 32 steps carrying a phase in the range 0 to 2 pi, a dimension of 230 mm long by 170 mm wide and 150 mm thick, see fig. 4, which provides a spiral phase of l=1.
Fig. 5 is a light path diagram of an application embodiment of the spatial-temporal regulation shaping device of the ultra-short laser, and as shown in the drawing, the spatial-temporal regulation shaping device comprises a laser 1, a reflective blazed grating 2, a reflective cylindrical mirror 3, a reflective phase plate 4, mirror groups 5 and 6, an off-axis parabolic mirror 7 and a target table 8. The laser 1 outputs Gaussian mode laser with the laser center wavelength of 800 nanometers, and after the laser is diffracted and interfered by light multi-slit of a certain specific order of the reflective blazed grating 2 in sequence, the laser after the grating is subjected to frequency dispersion according to different wavelengths; the optical characteristics of the single axial converging or diverging light beam are carried out through the reflecting cylindrical mirror 3, so that the laser carries out a time-frequency Fourier transform process; the spiral phase of 0 to 2 pi is increased in the frequency domain through the reflective phase plate 4, then the reflection is sequentially carried out through the reflective cylindrical mirror 3, the reflective blazed grating 2 realizes the inverse time-frequency Fourier transform, and the diffraction is generated through the reflection of the high-reflectivity reflecting mirror groups 5 and 6 in free space propagation, so that space-time optical vortex is formed, and the laser is focused on the target table 8 after being focused through the off-axis parabolic mirror 7. On one hand, the diameter of the laser focal spot is larger, and about 150 mm, the large-size blazed grating can be used for modulating the focal spot; on the other hand, under the action of strong light, nonlinear effect is generated due to nonlinear polarization of the medium, and the reflective optical element can greatly reduce the influence of optical harmonic waves, frequency multiplication and the like caused by the nonlinear effect through a film plating technology, so that the quality of laser is ensured.
The space-time phase modulation method for realizing the ultra-strong ultra-short laser by utilizing the reflective blazed grating and the reflective cylindrical mirror by utilizing the reflective phase plate comprises the following steps:
1) Manufacturing a required device on a quartz substrate by utilizing a binary optical processing technology; namely, corresponding mask pictures are manufactured according to the structure and parameters of each element, and then required elements (reflective blazed gratings, reflective cylindrical mirrors and reflective phase plates) are manufactured through photoetching and etching processes.
2) Plating a corresponding antireflection film on the incident surface of the device according to the 800 nm center wavelength of the laser;
3) Three reflective optical elements are sequentially combined and placed in the optical path according to fig. 5, in this embodiment, the distance between the reflective blazed grating and the reflective cylindrical mirror is the focal length of the reflective cylindrical mirror, and the distance between the reflective cylindrical mirror and the reflective phase plate is the focal length of the reflective cylindrical mirror.
Application examples:
the light path characteristic and its structure include laser 1, large-size reflective blazed grating 2, large-size reflective cylindrical mirror 3, large-size reflective phase plate 4, reflectors 5,6, off-axis parabolic mirror 7 and target 8. The laser 1 outputs laser, which sequentially passes through a large-size reflective blazed grating 2, a large-size reflective cylindrical mirror 3 performs time-frequency Fourier transform, a large-size reflective phase plate 4 increases the spiral phase on the frequency domain, the laser is sequentially reflected through the large-size reflective cylindrical mirror 3, the large-size reflective blazed grating 2 realizes time-frequency Fourier inverse transform, and the laser is reflected through high-reflectivity reflectors 5 and 6 to propagate in free space to generate diffraction, so that space-time optical vortex is formed, and the laser is focused on a target table 8 after being focused through an off-axis parabolic mirror (7). The laser 1 outputs Gaussian mode laser with a laser center wavelength of 800 nanometers; after light multi-slit diffraction and interference of a certain specific order of the large-size reflective blazed grating 2, the laser after grating is subjected to frequency dispersion according to different wavelengths; the optical characteristics of the single axial converging or diverging light beam are carried out by the large-size reflecting cylindrical mirror 3, so that the laser carries out the time-frequency Fourier transform process; the spiral phase of 0 to 2 pi is increased in the frequency domain by the large-size reflective phase plate 4. On one hand, the diameter of the laser focal spot is larger, and the large-size blazed grating can be used for modulating the focal spot at 150 mm; on the other hand, under the action of strong light, nonlinear effect is generated due to nonlinear polarization of the medium, and the reflective optical element can greatly reduce the influence of optical harmonic waves, frequency multiplication and the like caused by the nonlinear effect through a film plating technology, so that the quality of laser is ensured.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a superstrong ultrashort laser space-time regulation and control shaping device which characterized in that includes:
the reflective blazed grating is used for dispersing the frequency of the incident ultra-short laser beam and realizing time-frequency Fourier transform;
a reflective cylindrical mirror affecting the divergence or convergence of the axial component (one-dimensional) of the vertical cylindrical lens of light for correcting the beam quality, including correcting astigmatism and spot shape;
and the reflective phase plate is arranged at the focus of the reflective cylindrical mirror and is used for adding a spiral phase to the frequency domain of the light beam, so that the light beam reflected by the reflective phase plate passes through the reflective cylindrical mirror and the reflective blazed grating again and then realizes the inverse time-frequency Fourier transform.
2. The super-short laser space-time control shaping device of claim 1, further comprising:
the laser is used for providing a super-strong ultrashort laser beam;
the reflecting mirror group is used for reflecting the light beam to make the light beam spread in a free space to generate diffraction so as to form space-time optical vortex;
and the off-axis parabolic mirror is used for focusing the light beam and then making the light beam incident to the target table.
3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laser outputs a gaussian laser beam with a laser center wavelength of 800 nm, after the laser beam is subjected to multi-slit diffraction and interference of light of a specific order of the reflective blazed grating, the laser beam is subjected to frequency dispersion according to different wavelengths, and then is subjected to single axial convergence or divergence by the reflective cylindrical mirror, so that after time-frequency fourier transformation of the laser beam is realized, a spiral phase of 0 to 2 pi is increased in a frequency domain by the reflective phase plate.
4. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the super-short laser beam has a focal spot diameter (> 150 mm), and the reflective blazed grating has a length of 380 mm, a width of 280 mm, and a thickness of 50 mm; the size of the reflective cylindrical mirror is 230 mm long and 190 mm wide; the reflective phase plate has a dimension of 230 mm long, 170 mm wide and 150 mm thick.
5. The super-ultra-short laser space-time modulation shaping device according to claim 4, wherein the reflective blazed grating satisfies 2dsin θ=mλ, where λ is a blazed wavelength, m is a blazed order, and d is a groove period (groove pitch).
6. The super-ultra-short laser space-time modulation shaping device according to claim 5, wherein λ=800 nm, m=1, d=570 nm.
7. The device of claim 4, wherein the radius of curvature R, the focal length f, the refractive index n, and the thickness D of the reflective cylindrical mirror satisfy 1/f= (n-1)/R and (n-1) d=r.
8. The super-ultra-short laser space-time modulation shaping device according to claim 7, wherein the radius of curvature r=25 mm, the refractive index n=1.5, the thickness d=50 mm, and the focal length f=50 mm of the reflective cylindrical mirror.
9. The super-ultra-short laser space-time regulation shaping device according to claim 4, wherein the reflective phase plate has 32 steps, and the phase range carried by the 32 steps is 0 to 2 pi.
10. A method for shaping the temporal and spatial modulation of a device for shaping the temporal and spatial modulation of ultra-short lasers according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
the incident ultra-short laser beam is dispersed in frequency through the reflective blazed grating, so that time-frequency Fourier transform is realized;
by means of a reflective cylindrical mirror, influencing the divergence or convergence of the axial component (one-dimensional) of the vertical cylindrical lens of light for correcting the beam quality, including correcting astigmatism and spot shape;
and adding a spiral phase to the light beam frequency domain through a reflective phase plate, so that the light beam reflected by the reflective phase plate passes through the reflective cylindrical mirror and the reflective blazed grating again, and then the time-frequency inverse Fourier transform is realized.
CN202310108395.6A 2023-02-10 2023-02-10 Space-time combined regulation and control device and method for super-strong ultrashort laser Pending CN116224606A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117075354A (en) * 2023-09-14 2023-11-17 上海交通大学 Device for generating high contrast relativity vortex rotation and space wave front diagnosis method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117075354A (en) * 2023-09-14 2023-11-17 上海交通大学 Device for generating high contrast relativity vortex rotation and space wave front diagnosis method

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