CN214709048U

CN214709048U - Flat plate pneumatic type seedling raising and seeding machine tool soil compaction device

Info

Publication number: CN214709048U
Application number: CN202120691937.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈林涛; 牟向伟; 潘涛; 彭柱菁; 王凯; 邓任洲; 杨硕; 薛俊祥
Original assignee: Guangxi Normal University
Current assignee: Guangxi Normal University
Priority date: 2021-04-06
Filing date: 2021-04-06
Publication date: 2021-11-16
Anticipated expiration: 2031-04-06

Abstract

The utility model relates to a flat plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine bed soil compacting device, which comprises a frame, a compacting mechanism, a transmission motor, a stepping motor and two transmission mechanisms; the two conveying mechanisms are respectively arranged at the front part and the rear part of the frame, the transmission motor and the stepping motor are respectively fixed at the bottom of the frame, the transmission motor is connected with and drives the previous conveying mechanism to carry the hole tray conveyed by the previous process of the seeder and to accelerate the backward conveying, the stepping motor is connected with and drives the next conveying mechanism to carry the hole tray conveyed by the previous conveying mechanism backward and to decelerate the forward conveying and then to position for a preset time, and finally the backward conveying is carried to the next process of the seeder; the compaction mechanism is arranged on the machine frame and can vertically move up and down to compact the soil in the hole on the hole tray. The device ensures higher hole compaction precision, ensures that the seedling roots are solid and not scattered, has regular seedling emergence, complete seedling pot during the transplanting operation, good transplanting effect and popularization and application prospect.

Description

Flat plate pneumatic type seedling raising and seeding machine tool soil compaction device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery, concretely relates to plate pneumatic type sprout cultivation seeder bed soil compaction device.

Background

Rice is one of the main food crops in China. Planting mechanization is a weak link of whole-course mechanization of rice production. At present, the main mode of rice planting is seedling transplantation. The mechanized seedling raising and transplanting of rice mainly comprises blanket seedling mechanical transplanting and pot seedling raising and transplanting. In the traditional conventional rice seedling raising production, the used seedling tray is a blanket tray or a pot blanket tray, the volume of the seedling tray is large, the seeding amount is also large, and the requirements on the soil covering or bed soil compacting operation are not very strict. However, hybrid rice is planted in most areas of China at present, the requirement of hybrid rice seedling raising is high seeding precision, and bed soil compaction is necessary. In addition, most seedling trays for hybrid rice seedling raising are bowl trays, the hole of each seedling tray is small, the required soil covering amount is less, and the quality of seedlings can be influenced if the soil covering is not uniform and no compaction operation is performed.

At present, the pot seedling raising and transplanting has the advantages of light root damage, quick green return, early tillering and large seedling age elasticity, solves the defects of the traditional mechanical seedling transplanting, and has obvious yield increase. In recent years, seedling raising and transplanting of pot seedlings have gradually become a main development direction of mechanized planting of rice. In order to cultivate strong pot seedlings suitable for mechanized transplanting, meet the requirements of simplifying the cultivation technology and reduce the production cost, the seedling raising machine and the pot seedling transplanting machine which are matched with the soft pot seedling tray are mainly developed at present. Generally, the seedling raising machine can realize the procedures of bed soil paving on a soft pot disc, bed soil compaction, precise seeding, surface soil covering, cleaning and the like through one-time operation. The bed soil compaction increases the soil amount in the holes of the soft pot plate, ensures the nutrition of the pot seedlings before planting, ensures that the seedling roots are solid and not scattered, the seedlings emerge neatly, the seedling pot is complete during planting operation, and the transplanting effect is good.

Various pot seedling raising machines with bed soil compaction function are developed at home and abroad. An LSPE-6 type rice pot seedling raising machine developed by Japan industry company is matched with a bed soil compacting device, a special seedling tray (hard disk) is matched during operation, the structure of the whole machine and a seeding part is complex, the investment cost of the seedling tray is high, and the machine is not popularized and used in a large area at present. A combined precision seeding and seedling raising machine is developed at the university of eight agricultural reclamation in Heilongjiang, China, and the machining process is complex because not only a rack needs to be added on a tray during operation, but also holes matched with a pot plate need to be machined at the bottom end of the tray. A chain transmission rice hole disk 8 precision seeder developed by Song Jian nong, etc. of Chinese agricultural university mainly adopts a chain 14 and a steel wire to synchronously drive to realize the conveying of a soft pot disk, the pitch of the chain 14 is matched with the center moment of a hole of the soft pot disk, and the effect of precisely hole-aligning seeding and hole-aligning compaction bottom soil is ensured to be achieved by the soft pot disk. The university of south China agriculture Maxu et al has developed a general bed soil compaction device of soft or hard seedling dish, puts into hard tray in advance with soft alms bowl dish and carries out the compaction operation to bed soil, has obtained good effect, but the device operation time cave hole pitch of alms bowl dish and the interval that the compaction roller indicates can produce the accumulation error gradually, can not better synchronous alignment, can damage the seedling dish sometimes and influence the operation reliability.

In summary, at present, foreign hole soil compacting devices are various, hard disks are mainly adopted, the investment cost is high, and large-area production is not available at present. The existing seedling raising machines are limited by chain pitches and can only be used on a single seedling raising seeder and a seedling tray matched with the seeding machine, the bottom soil compaction of the soft disc with a general specification cannot be realized, and the application of the soft disc on the domestic seedling raising machines is limited. Therefore, the development of a plug bed soil compacting device with simple structure and good operation effect is urgently needed at present.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To sum up, for overcoming the not enough of prior art, the utility model aims to solve the technical problem that a plate pneumatic type sprout cultivation seeder bed soil compaction device is provided.

The utility model provides an above-mentioned technical problem's technical scheme as follows: a bed soil compacting device of a flat plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine comprises a frame, a compacting mechanism, a transmission motor, a stepping motor and two transmission mechanisms; the frame is positioned between two adjacent working procedures of the seeder, the two conveying mechanisms are respectively arranged at the front part and the rear part of the frame, the transmission motor and the stepping motor are respectively fixed at the bottom of the frame, the transmission motor is connected with and drives the former conveying mechanism to receive the hole tray conveyed by the last working procedure of the seeder and accelerate the backward conveying, and the stepping motor is connected with and drives the latter conveying mechanism to receive the hole tray conveyed by the former conveying mechanism backward and convey the hole tray backward to the next working procedure of the seeder; the compaction mechanism is arranged on the machine frame and can vertically move up and down to compact the soil in the hole on the hole tray.

The utility model has the advantages that:

(1) the front and rear conveying mechanisms of the device are accelerated and then convey the hole tray in a mode of firstly decelerating and then positioning, so that the precise alignment of the compaction mechanism and the hole tray holes is realized, and the higher hole compaction precision is ensured.

(2) The device has wide applicability, is suitable for hole trays of crops such as rice, vegetables, flowers and the like, has adjustable hole pressing depth, increases the soil amount in the hole of the soft pot tray by compacting bed soil, ensures the nutrition of the pot seedlings before planting, ensures that the seedling roots are solid and not scattered, has neat seedling emergence, and has complete seedling pot and good transplanting effect during planting operation.

(3) The device solves the problems that the manual operation efficiency of the current rice or vegetable seedling raising and sowing hole plate bottom soil hole pressing is low, the fault rate of the roller type hole pressing device controlled by a single chip microcomputer is high, the alignment rate is not high (the hole pitch of the bowl plate and the distance between the pressing roller fingers can gradually generate accumulated errors during operation, the seedling plate can not be well aligned synchronously, the seedling plate can be damaged sometimes, and the operation reliability is influenced), and the consistency of the formed indentation and the appearance of the pressing head is poor, so that the device has the prospect of popularization and application.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the utility model discloses can also do as follows the improvement:

further, the transmission mechanism comprises a driving shaft, a transmission belt and a chain wheel; the driving shaft and the driving shaft are respectively arranged at the front part or the rear part of the rack in a front-back and rotatable manner, and the conveying belt is sleeved on the driving shaft and the driving shaft; and a chain wheel is fixed at one end of the driving shaft, and the transmission motor and the stepping motor are respectively linked with the corresponding chain wheel.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the plug tray is conveyed backwards according to the preset requirement.

Furthermore, baffles are respectively and vertically arranged on the rack corresponding to the outer sides of the conveyor belts.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the plug tray is prevented from falling off the conveyor belt in the conveying process.

Further, the compacting mechanism comprises a base plate, a pressing plate, a cylinder and a vertical rod; the substrate is fixed above the positioning position of the plug tray; the pressing plate is horizontally positioned between the base plate and the positioning position of the hole disk, and the bottom of the pressing plate is provided with hole pressing heads which are in one-to-one correspondence with holes of the hole disk; the cylinder is fixed on the substrate, and a piston of the cylinder is arranged upwards; the vertical rod is vertically arranged, the upper end of the vertical rod is connected with the piston, and the lower end of the vertical rod freely penetrates through the base plate and then is detachably connected with the pressing plate so as to drive the pressing plate to move downwards to compact soil in the hole disc under the driving of the cylinder, or drive the pressing plate to move upwards to reset.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the soil in the holes on the hole plate is compacted.

Furthermore, flanges are arranged on two sides of the position, corresponding to the positioning position of the plug, of the rack in an upward mode, and the base plate is fixed on the flanges.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: and the substrate is mounted according to the preset requirement.

Furthermore, the compaction mechanism also comprises a connecting plate, an upper fixing piece and an air pump; the upper fixing piece is fixed on the piston, the connecting plate is horizontally fixed on the upper fixing piece, and the upper end of the vertical rod is fixedly connected with the connecting plate; the top of the cylinder is provided with a magnetic induction switch which controls the stroke of the piston by inducing the connecting plate; the air pump is arranged on the outer side of the rack and is connected with the air cylinder through an air pipe and provides air pressure for the air cylinder.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the adjustment of the depth of the pressing hole is realized by adjusting the induction intensity and the induction signal range of the magnetic induction switch.

Further, the device also comprises a singlechip fixed on the rack; the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the transmission motor and the stepping motor through a motor controller and a data control line, and further controls the rotating speed of the transmission motor and the rotating speed of the stepping motor.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the rotation speed of the transmission motor and the rotation speed of the stepping motor are controlled, and then the acupoint pressing is carried out in a mode that the acupoint pressing is carried out after the acupoint plate is accelerated and then is decelerated and positioned.

Furthermore, a sensor which triggers the latter conveying mechanism to operate through the induction plug tray is arranged on the rack, and the sensor is arranged on the rack and corresponds to the position of the outer side of the rear end of the former conveying mechanism.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: and the operation of the latter conveying mechanism is realized according to the preset requirement.

Furthermore, the bottom of the rack is provided with a support leg for supporting the rack, and the bottom of the support leg is provided with an adjusting piece for adjusting the rack to be in a horizontal state.

Further, the adjusting piece is an anchor bolt.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the levelness of the rack can be adjusted.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a side view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the transfer mechanism;

fig. 4 is a block diagram of a compaction mechanism.

In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:

1. the device comprises a rack, 2, a transmission motor, 3, a stepping motor, 4, a driving shaft, 5, a driving shaft, 6, a conveying belt, 7, a chain wheel, 8, a hole disc, 9, a baffle, 10, a base plate, 11, a pressing plate, 12, a cylinder, 13, a vertical rod, 14, a hole pressing head, 15, a piston, 16, a connecting plate, 17, an upper fixing piece, 18, an air pump, 19, an air pipe, 20, a single chip microcomputer, 21, a sensor, 22, supporting legs, 23 and foundation bolts.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, the examples given are only intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in figure 1, the flat-plate type pneumatic seedling raising and sowing machine soil compacting device comprises a frame 1, a compacting mechanism, a transmission motor 2, a stepping motor 3 and two transmission mechanisms. Frame 1 is in between two adjacent processes of seeder, two transport mechanism sets up respectively anterior and rear portion in the frame 1, drive motor 2 with step motor 3 is fixed respectively 1 bottom in the frame, and drive motor 2 connects and drives preceding one transport mechanism accepts the cave dish 8 that a last process of seeder was carried and is come and carry backward with higher speed, step motor 3 connects and drives the back one transport mechanism accepts preceding one cave dish 8 that transport mechanism carried backward and fix a position the time of predetermineeing after slowing down earlier, carry the next process of giving the seeder backward at last. The compacting mechanism is arranged on the machine frame 1 at a position corresponding to the position of the hole tray 8, and can vertically move up and down to compact the soil in the hole on the hole tray 8 during the positioning of the hole tray 8. The device also comprises a singlechip 20 fixed on the frame 1. The single chip microcomputer 20 is respectively connected with the transmission motor 2 and the stepping motor 3 through a motor controller and a data control line, and further controls the rotating speed of the transmission motor 2 and the rotating speed of the stepping motor 3. The bottom of the frame 1 is provided with a supporting leg 22 for supporting the frame, the bottom of the supporting leg 22 is provided with an adjusting piece for adjusting the frame 1 to a horizontal state, preferably: the adjustment member is an anchor bolt 23. The frame 1 is provided with a sensor 21 which triggers the next conveying mechanism to operate through the induction plug 8, and the sensor 21 is arranged on the frame 1 and corresponds to the position of the outer side of the rear end of the previous conveying mechanism.

As shown in fig. 3, the transfer mechanism includes a drive shaft 4, a drive shaft 5, a transfer belt 6, and a sprocket 7. The driving shaft 4 and the driving shaft 5 are respectively arranged at the front part or the rear part of the rack 1 in a front-back and rotatable mode, and the conveying belt 6 is sleeved on the driving shaft 4 and the driving shaft 5. And a chain wheel 7 is fixed at one end of the driving shaft 4, and the transmission motor 2 and the stepping motor 3 are respectively linked with the corresponding chain wheel 7. Baffles 9 are respectively vertically arranged on the rack 1 corresponding to the outer sides of the conveyor belts 6.

As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the compacting mechanism includes a base plate 10, a pressing plate 11, a cylinder 12, and an upright 13. The base plate 10 is fixed above the positioning position of the plug 8, and the specific steps are as follows: flanges are arranged upwards on two sides of the position, corresponding to the positioning position of the plug 8, of the machine frame 1, and the base plate 10 is fixed on the flanges. The pressing plate 11 is horizontally positioned between the base plate 10 and the positioning position of the cavity plate 8, and the bottom of the pressing plate is provided with cavity pressing heads 14 which are in one-to-one correspondence with the cavities of the cavity plate 8. The cylinder 12 is fixed to the base plate 10 with its piston 15 facing upward. The upright rod 13 is vertically arranged, the upper end of the upright rod 13 is connected with the piston 15, and the lower end of the upright rod 13 freely penetrates through the base plate 10 and then is detachably connected with the pressing plate 11 so as to drive the pressing plate 11 to move downwards under the driving of the cylinder 12 to compact the soil in the hole on the plug 8, or drive the pressing plate 11 to move upwards to reset. The hole pressing heads 14 are uniformly distributed and fixed on the pressing plate 11 in a matrix form, the hole pressing heads correspond to the hole number of the hole tray 8 applied in seedling raising operation one by one, the pressing plate 11 with the hole pressing heads 14 can be replaced according to different seedling raising trays, and the hole pressing plate is further suitable for hole trays 8 of different specifications of crops such as vegetables, rice, flowers and the like.

The compacting mechanism further comprises a connecting plate 16, an upper fixing member 17 and an air pump 18. The upper fixing part 17 is fixed on the piston 15, the connecting plate 16 is horizontally fixed on the upper fixing part 17, and the upper end of the upright rod 13 is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 16. The top of the cylinder 12 is provided with a magnetic induction switch for controlling the stroke of the piston 15 by inducing the connecting plate 16. The air pump 18 is disposed outside the frame 1, is connected to the air cylinder 12 through an air pipe 19, and supplies air pressure to the air cylinder 12.

This compaction device installs on the seeder bed, belongs to one of them part of sprout cultivation seeder (consequently the one end of frame 1 sets up the stabilizer blade 22 can), and its main completion work does: the earth covering of the plug 8 is compacted. The last process of the compaction device is completed by the soil pouring device and the soil sweeping device of the seedling raising and seeding machine: uniformly covering soil on the hole tray 8 by shaking the nutrient soil prepared in proportion, and sweeping the redundant soil by using a soil sweeping device; the next procedure is completed by a precise seed metering device of the seedling raising seeder: and finely discharging the seeds into a sowing hole. The working process of the device is explained in a complete way as follows:

the hole disk 8 enters the previous conveying mechanism of the compaction device after being processed by the soil pouring device and the soil sweeping device of the seedling raising and seeding machine: the plug 8 is received by the conveyor belt 6 of the previous conveying mechanism, and the conveyor belt 6 of the previous conveying mechanism is accelerated and driven by the transmission motor 2 under the control of the single chip microcomputer 20, so that the plug 8 is conveyed backwards in an accelerated manner, and the plug 8 is prevented from being blocked due to accumulation at the position. When the hole disc 8 moves backwards with higher speed to the rear part of the conveyor belt 6 of the previous conveying mechanism, namely, the hole disc 8 is sensed by the sensor 21, the sensor 21 senses that the hole disc 8 sends a signal to the single chip microcomputer 20, the single chip microcomputer 20 controls the stepping motor 3 to rotate at a low speed for a preset number of turns and then stop, namely, the conveyor belt 6 of the next conveying mechanism bears the hole disc 8 and conveys backwards at a low speed for a preset distance to position the hole disc 8, the position where the hole disc 8 is positioned just corresponds to the compacting mechanism, and the hole disc 8 is accurately aligned up and down with the hole pressing head 14 on the pressing plate 11. After the cave dish 8 is fixed a position, the compacting mechanism starts, and its cylinder 12 pulls down connecting plate 16, and then drives clamp plate 11 through pole setting 13 and pushes down for press cave head 14 to impress corresponding cave downthehole soil and carry out the compaction, and through the magnetic induction switch through adjusting cylinder 12 top adjust the cave degree of depth of pressing. After the hole pressing is finished, the air cylinder 12 pulls up the connecting plate 16 to drive the pressing plate 11 to move upwards through the upright rod 13 for resetting, then the single chip microcomputer 20 controls the stepping motor 3 to rotate, and the hole disc 8 after the hole pressing is finished is conveyed backwards to the next station through the conveying belt 6 of the latter conveying mechanism, namely the precision seed sowing device of the seedling raising and sowing machine. By this, one duty cycle ends.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bed soil compacting device of a flat plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine is characterized by comprising a frame (1), a compacting mechanism, a transmission motor (2), a stepping motor (3) and two conveying mechanisms; the machine frame (1) is positioned between two adjacent working procedures of the seeding machine, the two conveying mechanisms are respectively arranged at the front part and the rear part of the machine frame (1), the transmission motor (2) and the stepping motor (3) are respectively fixed at the bottom of the machine frame (1), the transmission motor (2) is connected with and drives the former conveying mechanism to receive the hole tray (8) conveyed by the former working procedure of the seeding machine and accelerate the backward conveying, and the stepping motor (3) is connected with and drives the latter conveying mechanism to receive the hole tray (8) conveyed by the former conveying mechanism backward and convey the same backward to the next working procedure of the seeding machine; the compaction mechanism is arranged on the machine frame (1) and can vertically move up and down to compact the soil in the holes on the hole tray (8).

2. The flat plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine bed soil compacting device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a driving shaft (4), a driving shaft (5), a conveyor belt (6) and a chain wheel (7); the driving shaft (4) and the driving shaft (5) are respectively arranged at the front part or the rear part of the rack (1) in a front-back and rotatable manner, and the conveying belt (6) is sleeved on the driving shaft (4) and the driving shaft (5); and a chain wheel (7) is fixed at one end of the driving shaft (4), and the transmission motor (2) and the stepping motor (3) are respectively linked with the corresponding chain wheel (7).

3. The flat plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine bed soil compacting device according to claim 2, characterized in that baffles (9) are respectively vertically arranged on the frame (1) corresponding to the outer sides of the conveyor belts (6).

4. The flat plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine bed soil compacting device according to claim 1, wherein the compacting mechanism comprises a base plate (10), a pressing plate (11), a cylinder (12) and a vertical rod (13); the base plate (10) is fixed above the positioning position of the plug tray (8); the pressing plate (11) is horizontally positioned between the base plate (10) and the positioning position of the hole disc (8), and the bottom of the pressing plate is provided with hole pressing heads (14) which are in one-to-one correspondence with holes of the hole disc (8); the cylinder (12) is fixed on the base plate (10), and a piston (15) of the cylinder is arranged upwards; the vertical rod (13) is vertically arranged, the upper end of the vertical rod (13) is connected with the piston (15), and the lower end of the vertical rod freely penetrates through the base plate (10) and then is detachably connected with the pressing plate (11) so as to drive the pressing plate (11) to move downwards to compact soil in a hole on the plug (8) under the driving of the cylinder (12), or drive the pressing plate (11) to move upwards to reset.

5. The flat plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine bed soil compacting device according to claim 4, characterized in that flanges are arranged on two sides of the position, corresponding to the positioning position of the hole tray (8), of the frame (1) and are upwards, and the base plate (10) is fixed on the flanges.

6. The flat plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine bed soil compacting device according to claim 4, wherein the compacting mechanism further comprises a connecting plate (16), an upper fixing member (17) and an air pump (18); the upper fixing piece (17) is fixed on the piston (15), the connecting plate (16) is horizontally fixed on the upper fixing piece (17), and the upper end of the upright rod (13) is fixedly connected with the connecting plate (16); the top of the cylinder (12) is provided with a magnetic induction switch which controls the stroke of the piston (15) by inducing the connecting plate (16); the air pump (18) is arranged on the outer side of the frame (1) and is connected with the air cylinder (12) through an air pipe (19) and provides air pressure for the air cylinder (12).

7. The flat-plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine bed soil compacting device according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a single chip microcomputer (20) fixed on the frame (1); the single chip microcomputer (20) is respectively connected with the transmission motor (2) and the stepping motor (3) through a motor controller and a data control line, and then the rotating speeds of the transmission motor (2) and the stepping motor (3) are controlled.

8. The flat plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine bed soil compacting device according to claim 1, characterized in that a sensor (21) which triggers the operation of the latter conveying mechanism through an induction hole disc (8) is arranged on the frame (1), and the sensor (21) is arranged on the frame (1) and corresponds to the position outside the rear end of the former conveying mechanism.

9. The flat plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine bed soil compacting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the bottom of the frame (1) is provided with a supporting leg (22) for supporting the frame, and the bottom of the supporting leg (22) is provided with an adjusting piece for adjusting the frame (1) to a horizontal state.

10. The flat plate type pneumatic seedling raising and seeding machine bed soil compacting device according to claim 9, wherein the adjusting member is a foundation bolt (23).