CN214702780U - Tunnel model test device - Google Patents
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- CN214702780U CN214702780U CN202121260358.XU CN202121260358U CN214702780U CN 214702780 U CN214702780 U CN 214702780U CN 202121260358 U CN202121260358 U CN 202121260358U CN 214702780 U CN214702780 U CN 214702780U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a tunnel engineering test technical field discloses a tunnel model test device, include: the mold box, bottom humidification system that soaks, bidirectional loading system and top loading system, the left and right sides and the top of mold box are open, can dismantle in the mold box and be connected with horizontal foraminiferous baffle, form the bottom cavity between the bottom of mold box and the transverse baffle, the tunnel model has been placed in the mold box, bottom humidification system and bottom cavity intercommunication that soaks, bidirectional loading system includes along vertical direction sets up left side clamp plate and the right side clamp plate in the mold box, left side clamp plate and right side clamp plate are along horizontal direction and mold box sliding fit, top loading system sets up in the mold box. The utility model discloses the device can comparatively simulate tunnel complicated various atress condition in natural stratum comprehensively, accords with actual conditions more, has effectively improved the reference value of analogue test to the tunnel research.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a tunnel engineering test technical field, in particular to tunnel model test device.
Background
A tunnel is a building constructed underground, underwater, or in a mountain, with railways or roads constructed for the passage of motor vehicles. With the development of engineering equipment and technology, tunnels have become a very common form of construction. The model test is an important means for developing the related technology of the tunnel, the field tunnel model test is influenced by fields, human factors and the like, the cost is high, the time consumption is long, the indoor tunnel model test has the advantages of low cost, simplicity in operation and the like, the method is an effective method for researching the stress mechanism of the tunnel, the deformation and damage process of the tunnel can be observed visually, and an important basis is provided for the tunnel research.
At present, in a tunnel model loading test, most test devices neglect the effect of underground water on tunnel lining, so that the state of a tunnel in a stratum cannot be comprehensively simulated; the tunnel model device at home and abroad mostly adopts a loading mode of directly applying load to the tunnel lining, neglects the interaction factors of the lining and the surrounding rock of the tunnel in a surrounding rock ground stress field, and cannot accurately simulate the stress deformation condition of the tunnel in the stratum.
Model tests neglecting the influence of underground water and the interaction of the lining and surrounding rock result in incomplete test data and limited reference value for the development of related technologies of tunnels. Therefore, it is necessary to take the underground water effect and the interaction of the tunnel lining and the surrounding rock into consideration in the tunnel model test to improve the reference value of the tunnel-related research.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a tunnel model test device considers lining cutting and country rock interact simultaneously to tunnel lining cutting and country rock are as the simulation object jointly, and the actual deformation characteristic in tunnel has really been simulated more based on the bottom humidification tunnel model test of soil property country rock, has solved tunnel model test in the past and has neglected the groundwater effect and directly apply load tunnel atress deformation to tunnel lining cutting and be not conform to actual problem.
The utility model provides a tunnel model test device, include:
the tunnel lining model comprises a tunnel lining model and surrounding rock simulation materials filled at the periphery of the tunnel lining model, wherein the left side, the right side and the top of the model box are open, a transverse partition plate with holes is detachably connected in the model box, a bottom cavity is formed between the bottom of the model box and the transverse partition plate, the tunnel model is placed in the model box and is placed on the partition plate with holes, and the tunnel model comprises a tunnel lining model and the surrounding rock simulation materials filled at the periphery of the tunnel lining model;
the bottom soaking humidification system is communicated with the bottom cavity and is used for providing water flow or water vapor for the bottom cavity so as to enable the water flow or the water vapor to enter the tunnel model through the partition plate with the holes;
the bidirectional loading system comprises a left pressure plate and a right pressure plate which are arranged in the model box along the vertical direction, the left pressure plate and the right pressure plate are in sliding fit with the model box along the horizontal direction, and the left pressure plate and the right pressure plate respectively move towards the direction close to the tunnel model so as to apply uniform or non-uniform thrust to the left side and the right side of the tunnel model;
and the top loading system is arranged in the model box so as to apply uniform load to the top of the tunnel model.
Optionally, the bottom soaking humidification system comprises:
the first end of the connecting pipeline is communicated with the liquid inlet in the bottom cavity;
and the water flow/water vapor shunt switching control assembly is connected to the second end of the connecting pipeline and is used for introducing water flow or water vapor into the bottom cavity through the connecting pipeline.
Optionally, the water flow/water vapor shunt switch control assembly comprises:
the clean water tank is arranged outside the model box, the connecting pipeline comprises a liquid inlet pipe, an air inlet pipe and a liquid discharge pipe, the clean water tank is connected to the first end of the liquid inlet pipe, the second end of the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the liquid inlet, the liquid inlet pipe is sequentially connected with a water pump, a water flow valve, a first one-way valve and a flow meter along the direction from the clean water tank to the liquid inlet, the first end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the liquid inlet pipe between the water pump and the water flow valve, the second end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the liquid inlet pipe between the water flow valve and the first one-way valve, and a water vapor generator water inlet valve, a water vapor generator and a second one-way valve are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipe;
the waste water tank sets up in the mold box outside, the first end and the waste water tank intercommunication of fluid-discharge tube, and the second end of fluid-discharge tube is connected on the feed liquor pipe between flow table and the inlet, is connected with drainage valve on the fluid-discharge tube.
Optionally, the bidirectional loading system includes:
one part of the hydraulic oil cylinder group is connected with the left pressure plate, and the other part of the hydraulic oil cylinder group is connected with the right pressure plate so as to push the left pressure plate or the right pressure plate to move along the horizontal direction;
and the hydraulic control system is connected with the hydraulic oil cylinder group to change the oil pressure in the hydraulic oil cylinder group.
Optionally, the hydraulic cylinder group comprises:
the hydraulic device comprises a model box, a hydraulic oil cylinder I, a hydraulic oil cylinder II, a hydraulic oil cylinder bracket I and a hydraulic oil cylinder II;
no. III hydraulic cylinder and No. IV hydraulic cylinder are fixed on the right side of the model box through cylinder supports respectively, a right side pressing plate is hinged with pistons extending out of the No. III hydraulic cylinder and the No. IV hydraulic cylinder respectively, and the No. I hydraulic cylinder, the No. II hydraulic cylinder, the No. III hydraulic cylinder and the No. IV hydraulic cylinder are connected with a hydraulic control system through connecting pipes respectively.
Optionally, the opposite side surfaces of the left side pressing plate and the right side pressing plate are respectively detachably connected with a pressure gauge, and the pressure gauge is connected with a static strain tester.
Optionally, the top loading system comprises:
the counter pressure plate is fixed at the top of the model box;
the pressurizing air bag is arranged between the counter pressure plate and the tunnel model;
the adjustable pressure air pump is connected with the pressurizing air bag through a gas transmission pipeline.
Optionally, a flexible cushion layer is movably arranged between the pressurizing air bag and the tunnel model.
Optionally, a vertical rib plate is fixed in the bottom cavity, and the vertical rib plate is supported at the lower end of the partition plate with the hole.
Optionally, the mold box comprises: the front panel is fixed at the front end of the supporting frame, the back panel is fixed at the rear end of the supporting frame, the bottom plate is fixed at the bottom end of the supporting frame, and coordinate grids are arranged on the front panel and the back panel.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: the utility model discloses a communicate bottom soaking humidification system can let in water or vapor to the bottom cavity, thereby implement the soaking test or humidification test to the model, simulate the ground water level, the utility model takes tunnel and country rock as the simulation object, has considered the interaction of tunnel and country rock, exert the load to the country rock simulation material, better restore the ground stress field, realized that the tunnel model receives the effect of multidirectional inhomogeneous load in the actual stratum through the two-way loading system, more really simulated the actual atress deformation condition of tunnel, through carrying out even loading to the model top, exert the load to the model top through the top loading system, can more accurately simulate the actual condition, the utility model discloses test device easy operation, it is multiple functional, can more comprehensively simulate the complicated various atress condition of tunnel in the natural stratum, the method is more suitable for actual conditions, and effectively improves the reference value of the simulation test on the tunnel research.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a tunnel model testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a left side view of a tunnel model testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a tunnel model testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a water flow/water vapor shunt switching control assembly of a tunnel model testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic control system of a tunnel model testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a perforated partition plate in a tunnel model testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a closing plate in a tunnel model testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a model box; 2-a support frame; 3-front panel; 4-a back panel; 5-oil cylinder support; no. 6-I hydraulic cylinder; no. 7-II hydraulic oil cylinder; no. 8-III hydraulic oil cylinder; no. 9-IV hydraulic oil cylinder; 10-a piston; 11-left press plate; 12-right press plate; 13-a sliding track; 14-a counter-pressure plate; 15-pressurized air bag; 16-a perforated partition plate; 17-bottom cavity; 18-a liquid inlet; 19-surrounding rock simulation material; 20-tunnel lining model; 21-a sealing ring; 22-a pressure gauge; 23-vertical rib plates; 24-a pressure-adjustable air pump; 25-connecting tube; 26-a hydraulic control system; 260-coarse oil filter; 261-an oil pump; 262-oil tank; 263-third one-way valve; 264-fine oil filter; 265-relief valve; 266-pressure gauge; 267-a directional control valve; 268-an oil inlet line; 269-return line 269; 27-connecting lines; 270-a liquid inlet pipe; 271-an air inlet pipe; 272-drain pipe; 28-a water flow/water vapor shunt switching control assembly; 280-a clear water tank; 281-a water pump; 282-water flow valve; 283-a first one-way valve; 284-flow meter; 285-water steam generator inlet valve; 286-water vapor generator; 287-a second one-way valve; 288-wastewater tank; 289-a drain valve; 29-static strain gauge; 30-imperforate cover plate; 31-an electric motor; 32-gas line.
Detailed Description
In the following, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the technical solutions of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
At present, in a tunnel model loading test, most test devices neglect the effect of underground water on tunnel lining, so that the state of a tunnel in a stratum cannot be comprehensively simulated; the tunnel model device at home and abroad mostly adopts a loading mode of directly applying load to the tunnel lining, neglects the interaction factors of the lining and the surrounding rock of the tunnel in a surrounding rock ground stress field, and cannot accurately simulate the stress deformation condition of the tunnel in the stratum.
Model tests neglecting the influence of underground water and the interaction of the lining and surrounding rock result in incomplete test data and limited reference value for the development of related technologies of tunnels. Therefore, it is necessary to take the underground water effect and the interaction of the tunnel lining and the surrounding rock into consideration in the tunnel model test to improve the reference value of the tunnel-related research.
As shown in fig. 1-5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel model testing apparatus, including: the model box 1, the bottom soaking and humidifying system, the bidirectional loading system and the top loading system, the left side, the right side and the top of the model box 1 are open, a transverse partition plate with holes 16 is detachably connected in the model box 1, a bottom cavity 17 is formed between the bottom of the model box 1 and the transverse partition plate 16, a tunnel model is placed in the model box 1 and is placed on the partition plate with holes 16, the tunnel model comprises a tunnel lining model 20 and surrounding rock simulation materials 19 filled at the periphery of the tunnel lining model 20, the bottom soaking and humidifying system is communicated with the bottom cavity 17 and is used for providing water flow or water vapor for the bottom cavity 17 so that the water flow or the water vapor can enter the tunnel model through the partition plate with holes 16, the bidirectional loading system comprises a left pressing plate 11 and a right pressing plate 12 which are vertically arranged in the model box 1, the left pressing plate 11 and the right pressing plate 12 are in sliding fit with the model box 1 along the horizontal direction, the left side pressing plate 11 and the right side pressing plate 12 respectively move towards the direction close to the tunnel model to apply uniform or non-uniform thrust to the left and right sides of the tunnel model, and the top loading system is arranged in the model box 1 to apply uniform load to the top of the tunnel model.
The utility model discloses a communicate bottom soaking humidification system can let in water or vapor to the bottom cavity, thereby implement the soaking test or humidification test to the model, simulate the ground water level, the utility model takes tunnel and country rock as the simulation object, has considered the interaction of tunnel and country rock, exert the load to the country rock simulation material, better restore the ground stress field, realized that the tunnel model receives the effect of multidirectional inhomogeneous load in the actual stratum through the two-way loading system, more really simulated the actual atress deformation condition of tunnel, through carrying out even loading to the model top, exert the load to the model top through the top loading system, can more accurately simulate the actual condition, the utility model discloses test device easy operation, it is multiple functional, can more comprehensively simulate the complicated various atress condition of tunnel in the natural stratum, the method is more suitable for actual conditions, and effectively improves the reference value of the simulation test on the tunnel research.
In the present embodiment, the bottom soaking humidification system includes: a connecting pipeline 27 and a water flow/steam shunt switching control assembly 28, wherein a first end of the connecting pipeline 27 is communicated with the liquid inlet 18 in the bottom cavity 17, the water flow/steam shunt switching control assembly 28 is connected to a second end of the connecting pipeline 27, and water flow or steam is introduced into the bottom cavity 17 through the connecting pipeline 27.
Referring specifically to fig. 6, the water/steam shunt switch control assembly 28 includes: a clean water tank 280 and a waste water tank 288, wherein the clean water tank 280 is arranged outside the model box 1, the connecting pipeline 27 comprises a liquid inlet pipe 270, a gas inlet pipe 271 and a liquid outlet pipe 272, the clean water tank 280 is connected with a first end of the liquid inlet pipe 270, a second end of the liquid inlet pipe 270 is communicated with the liquid inlet 18, the liquid inlet pipe 270 is sequentially connected with a water pump 281, a water flow valve 282, a first one-way valve 283 and a flow meter 284 along the direction from the clean water tank 280 to the liquid inlet 18, the first end of the gas inlet pipe 271 is connected with the liquid inlet pipe 270 between the water flow valve 271 and the first one-way valve 283, the second end of the gas inlet pipe 271 is connected with the liquid inlet pipe 270 between the water flow valve 282 and the first one-way valve 283, the gas inlet pipe 271 is sequentially provided with a water vapor generator water inlet valve 285, a water vapor generator 286 and a second one-way valve 287, the waste water tank 288 is arranged outside the model box 1, the first end of the waste water tank 272 is communicated with the waste water tank 288, the second end of the liquid outlet pipe 272 is connected with the liquid inlet pipe 270 between the flow meter 284 and the liquid inlet 18, a drain valve 289 is connected to the drain pipe 272.
When a humidification test is carried out, a water inlet valve 285 of the steam generator is opened, a water flow valve 282 and a water discharge valve 289 are closed, a power supply of a water pump 281 and a power supply of a steam generator 286 are connected, the water pump 281 conveys water to the steam generator 286, and generated steam is introduced into a cavity 17 at the bottom of the model box 1 through a second one-way valve 287 and a flow meter 284 by virtue of an air inlet pipe 271; when a water immersion test is carried out, a water inlet valve 285 and a water discharge valve 289 of the water vapor generator are closed, a water flow valve 282 is opened, a power supply of a water pump 281 is connected, and water flows into a bottom cavity 17 of the model box 1 through a liquid inlet pipe 270, the water flow valve 282, a first one-way valve 283 and a flow meter 284; after the test is finished, the power supply of the water pump 281 and the water vapor generator 286 is cut off, the drainage valve 289 is opened, and residual accumulated water in the cavity 17 at the bottom of the model box 1 is drained into the wastewater tank 288 through the drainage valve 289 through the drainage pipe 272 under the action of gravity.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 7, the bidirectional loading system includes: hydraulic cylinder group and hydraulic control system 26, a part of hydraulic cylinder group is connected with left side clamp plate 11, and another part is connected with right side clamp plate 12 to promote left side clamp plate 11 or right side clamp plate 12 to move along the horizontal direction, and hydraulic control system 26 is connected with hydraulic cylinder group, in order to change the oil pressure in the hydraulic cylinder group, and hydraulic cylinder group includes: no. I hydraulic cylinder 6 and No. II hydraulic cylinder 7, No. III hydraulic cylinder 8 and No. IV hydraulic cylinder 9, No. I hydraulic cylinder 6 and No. II hydraulic cylinder 7 are fixed in the left side of model case 1 through hydro-cylinder support 5 respectively, left side clamp plate 11 is articulated with the piston 10 that No. I hydraulic cylinder 6 and No. II hydraulic cylinder 7 stretched out respectively, No. III hydraulic cylinder 8 and No. IV hydraulic cylinder 9 are fixed in the right side of model case 1 through hydro-cylinder support 5 respectively, right side clamp plate 12 is articulated with the piston 10 that No. III hydraulic cylinder 8 and No. IV hydraulic cylinder 9 stretched out respectively, No. I hydraulic cylinder 6, No. II hydraulic cylinder 7, No. III hydraulic cylinder 8 and No. IV hydraulic cylinder 9 are connected through connecting pipe 25 with hydraulic control system 26 respectively, connecting pipe 25 is pressure rubber tube.
Specifically, the hydraulic control system 26 is composed of a coarse oil filter 260, an oil pump 261, an oil tank 262, a third check valve 263, a fine oil filter 264, an overflow valve 265, a pressure gauge 266, a direction control valve 267, a cylinder, a piston 10, and a connecting pipe 25 connecting these elements. Each oil cylinder is connected with a corresponding directional control valve 267 through a connecting pipe 25, two pipelines are arranged between the directional control valve 267 and an oil tank 262 and respectively comprise an oil inlet pipeline 268 and an oil return pipeline 269, the oil inlet pipeline 268 is connected with a pressure gauge 266, then four oil inlet pipelines 268 are connected in parallel and then are sequentially connected with a third one-way valve 263, an oil pump 261 and a coarse oil filter 260, the coarse oil filter 260 is installed at the outlet of the oil tank 262, the third one-way valve 263 is installed at the outlet of the oil pump 261, the oil pump 261 is also connected with a motor 31, four oil return pipelines 269 are connected in parallel and then are connected in series with a fine oil filter 264 and then are connected to the oil tank 262, an overflow valve 265 is connected between the outlet of the restrictor and the oil return pipeline 269, the oil pressure in the four hydraulic oil cylinders is changed through a hydraulic control system 26, the expansion speed and the direction of the piston 10 are adjusted, and bidirectional uneven loading of the pressure plate is achieved. The contact positions of the left side pressing plate 11 and the right side pressing plate 12 with the partition plate with the holes, the front panel 3 and the back panel 4 are respectively provided with a sealing ring 21, water seepage can be effectively prevented when the tunnel model is subjected to a water immersion and humidification test, the loading speed of the left side pressing plate 11 and the right side pressing plate 12 is adjusted through an overflow valve 265, the loading direction is controlled through a direction control valve 267, and the operation is simple and convenient and the pressure value is stable.
Specifically, the opposite sides of the left side pressing plate 11 and the right side pressing plate 12 are respectively detachably connected with a pressure gauge 22, the pressure gauge 22 is connected with a static strain tester 29, and the pressure gauge 22 is a resistance type miniature soil pressure gauge in the embodiment.
When the left press plate 11 and the right press plate 12 apply bidirectional non-uniform loads, the oil pump 261 is driven by the motor 31 to suck oil from the oil tank 262, hydraulic oil enters the oil pump 261 through the coarse oil filter 260, the oil enters the pump cavity from the inlet low pressure to the outlet high pressure, the pressure value can be measured by the pressure gauge 266, the oil is divided into four hydraulic cylinders through the third one-way valve 263 through the oil inlet pipeline 268, the oil pressure is adjusted through the overflow valve 265, and enters the left cavities of the No. I hydraulic cylinder 6 and the No. II hydraulic cylinder 7 and the right cavities of the No. III hydraulic cylinder 8 and the No. IV hydraulic cylinder 9 through the direction control valve 267, the piston 10 is pushed to enable the left press plate 11 to move rightwards, and the right press plate 12 moves leftwards; the different oil pressures in the four hydraulic oil cylinders are adjusted, so that the moving speeds of the pistons 10 are different, the pressing plate can advance at various angles, and further the bidirectional non-uniform loading is realized. When the left side pressing plate 11 and the right side pressing plate 12 stop applying load, the direction control valve is adjusted, oil in the pressure rubber tube 25 enters the right cavity of the No. I hydraulic oil cylinder 6 and the No. II hydraulic oil cylinder 7 and the left cavity of the No. III hydraulic oil cylinder 8 and the No. IV hydraulic oil cylinder 9 through the direction control valve 267, the piston 10 is pushed to enable the left side pressing plate 11 and the right side pressing plate 12 to move in opposite directions when being loaded, and the oil in the oil cavity on the other side is discharged back to the oil tank 262 through the direction control valve 267, the oil return line 269 and the fine oil filter 264.
In this embodiment, the top loading system includes: the pressure regulating device comprises a counter pressure plate 14, a pressurizing air bag 15 and an adjustable pressure air pump 24, wherein the counter pressure plate 14 is fixed at the top of a model box 1, the pressurizing air bag 15 is placed between the counter pressure plate 14 and a tunnel model, the adjustable pressure air pump 24 is connected with the pressurizing air bag 15 through an air pipeline 32, when a top vertical load is applied, a power supply of the adjustable pressure air pump 24 is switched on, the air pressure is regulated to a design pressure value, the power supply of the adjustable pressure air pump 24 is switched off after the loading is finished, the gas in the pressurizing air bag 15 is released, the pressurizing air bag 15 is withdrawn, the air pipeline 32 of a top loading system is connected through a quick connector, the connection is convenient and quick, the disassembly is convenient, the length of the air pipeline 32 can be freely regulated, the magnitude of the gas pressure value in the pressurizing air bag 15 is mainly controlled through the adjustable pressure air pump 24, when the gas pressure in the pressurizing air bag 15 reaches a set pressure value of the adjustable pressure air pump 24, the inflation of the pressurizing air bag 15 is automatically stopped, when the volume of the pressurizing air bag 15 is increased due to the deformation of the model, the internal pressure of the pressurizing air bag 15 is reduced, the pressure-adjustable air pump 24 automatically transmits air to the inside of the pressurizing air bag 15, and the internal air pressure is adjusted to a preset value.
Optionally, a flexible cushion layer is movably arranged between the pressurizing air bag 15 and the tunnel model, and the flexible cushion layer can be additionally arranged between the pressurizing air bag 15 and the tunnel model according to the height of the tunnel model, so that the pressurizing air bag 15 is uniformly and stably pressurized.
Optionally, a vertical rib plate 23 is fixed in the bottom cavity 17, the vertical rib plate 23 is supported at the lower end of the partition plate 16 with holes, and the vertical rib plate 23 does not affect the communication of the cavity, so that water flow or water vapor can flow conveniently.
Referring to fig. 4, 8, 9, mold box 1 includes: the front panel 3 is fixed at the front end of the supporting frame 2, the back panel 4 is fixed at the rear end of the supporting frame 2, the bottom panel is fixed at the bottom end of the supporting frame 2, the front panel 3 and the back panel 4 are both provided with coordinate grids, in the embodiment, the main body of the model box 1 is welded, the strength is high, and the water seepage can be effectively prevented, the supporting frame 2 is welded by a cubic stainless steel pipe, a steel plate is welded at the lower edge of the bottom frame of the model box 1, a movable perforated partition plate 16 which covers blocks is arranged on the upper edge of the bottom frame and is supported by a vertical ribbed plate 23 welded on the bottom panel, a communicated bottom cavity 17 is formed at the bottom of the model box 1, the requirements of a water immersion and humidification test are met, the front panel 3 and the back panel 4 are made of thickened toughened glass, the coordinate grids are arranged on the two plates, the deformation and damage process of the tunnel lining model 20 is observed through the coordinate grids, recording the damage position and the damage process, arranging clamping grooves with the height of two centimeters at the inner rings of the frames at the front side and the rear side of the model box 1 for fixing toughened glass, filling gaps between the toughened glass and the clamping grooves with sealant, welding two metal cross beams on the frames at the two sides for fixing the oil cylinder support 5, wherein the thickness of a transverse clapboard 16 is 10mm, the thickness of a single transverse clapboard 16 is 50 holes with the diameter of 5 multiplied by 10, the hole diameter is 20mm, the hole center distance is 55mm, in addition, 5 pore-free cover plates 30 with the same size are customized, and the transverse clapboard 16 is replaced when a tunnel model test is carried out under the condition without underground water.
The utility model discloses in can be through soaking humidification test simulation groundwater, consider lining cutting and country rock interact simultaneously to tunnel lining and country rock are as the simulation object jointly, and the actual deformation characteristic in tunnel has really been simulated more based on the bottom humidification tunnel model test of soil property country rock, has solved tunnel model test in the past and has neglected the groundwater effect and directly exert load tunnel atress deformation to tunnel lining and be not conform to actual problem. The bottom soaking humidification system leads water vapor into the cavity 17 at the bottom of the model box 1 through the water flow/water vapor shunt switching control component 28 to realize the humidification test of the tunnel model; when water flow is introduced into the cavity 17 at the bottom of the model box 1, the soaking test of the tunnel model is realized; meanwhile, the tunnel model test without the influence of underground water can be completed by replacing the cover plate of the bottom cavity 17, and the operation is simple, convenient and effective.
The method and the principle are as follows:
(1) the utility model discloses step as follows when carrying out the bottom humidification tunnel model test based on soil property country rock:
step one, selecting a clapboard 16 with holes to cover a bottom cavity 17 of a model box 1;
and step two, debugging the water flow/water vapor shunt switching control assembly 28, checking the hydraulic control system 26 and the adjustable pressure air pump 24, and ensuring normal operation.
Step three, filling soil gradually according to the tunnel model designed by the test, filling in layers in order to keep the homogeneity of the slope as much as possible, tamping layer by layer, putting the tunnel lining model 20 when filling to the design height of the bottom of the tunnel lining model 20, and then filling the residual surrounding rock simulation material 19 to the design height;
after the filling of the tunnel model is finished, according to the pressure value set in the test scheme, starting the hydraulic control system 26 and the pressure-adjustable air pump 24, applying lateral load and top vertical load simultaneously, and connecting the resistance-type miniature soil pressure gauge 22 with a static strain tester 29 for collecting pressure change;
introducing steam into the cavity 17 at the bottom of the model box 1 through the water flow/steam shunt switching control component 28 to carry out a humidification test;
in the humidifying process, observing and recording data of a static strain gauge 29, and observing and recording deformation and damage conditions of the tunnel lining model 20 and the surrounding rock model through coordinate grids on the front panel 3 and the back panel 4;
and seventhly, after the observation is finished, stopping introducing the water vapor into the bottom cavity 17 of the model box 1, and discharging residual accumulated water in the bottom cavity 17. And (3) closing the pressure-adjustable air pump 24, removing the top vertical load, then operating the hydraulic control system 26, adjusting the direction control valve 267 to return the piston 10, returning the left pressure plate 11 and the right pressure plate 12 to the original positions, cleaning the surrounding rock simulation material 19 and the tunnel lining model 20 in the model box 1, processing test data, and finishing the tunnel model test.
(2) The utility model discloses step as follows when carrying out the tunnel model test that soaks in bottom based on soil property country rock:
step one, selecting a clapboard 16 with holes to cover a bottom cavity 17 of a model box 1;
and step two, debugging the water flow/water vapor shunt switching control assembly 28, checking the hydraulic control system 26 and the adjustable pressure air pump 24, and ensuring normal operation.
Step three, filling soil gradually according to the tunnel model designed by the test, filling in layers in order to keep the homogeneity of the slope as much as possible, tamping layer by layer, putting the tunnel lining model 20 when filling to the design height of the bottom of the tunnel lining model 20, and then filling the residual surrounding rock simulation material 19 to the design height;
after the filling of the tunnel model is finished, according to the pressure value set in the test scheme, starting the hydraulic control system 26 and the pressure-adjustable air pump 24, applying lateral load and top vertical load at the same time, and connecting the pressure gauge 22 with a static strain tester 29 to collect pressure change;
introducing water flow into the cavity 17 at the bottom of the model box 1 through the water flow/water vapor shunt conversion control component 28 to carry out a humidification test;
in the humidifying process, observing and recording data of a static strain gauge 29, and observing and recording deformation and damage conditions of the tunnel lining model 20 and the surrounding rock model through coordinate grids on the front panel 3 and the back panel 4;
step seven, after the observation is finished, stopping introducing water flow into the bottom cavity 17 of the model box 1, and discharging residual accumulated water in the bottom cavity 17; and (3) closing the pressure-adjustable air pump 24, removing the top vertical load, then operating the hydraulic control system 26, adjusting the direction control valve 267 to return the piston 10, returning the left pressure plate 11 and the right pressure plate 12 to the original positions, cleaning the surrounding rock simulation material 19 and the tunnel lining model 20 in the model box 1, processing test data, and finishing the tunnel model test.
(3) The utility model discloses step as follows when carrying out the tunnel model test of the no groundwater influence based on soil property country rock:
step one, selecting a hole-free cover plate 30 to cover a bottom cavity 17 of a model box 1;
and step two, debugging the water flow/water vapor shunt switching control assembly 28, checking the hydraulic control system 26 and the adjustable pressure air pump 24, and ensuring normal operation.
Step three, filling soil gradually according to the tunnel model designed by the test, filling in layers in order to keep the homogeneity of the soil as much as possible, tamping layer by layer, putting the tunnel lining model 20 when filling to the design height of the bottom of the tunnel lining model 20, and then filling the residual surrounding rock simulation material 19 to the design height;
after the filling of the tunnel model is finished, according to the pressure value set in the test scheme, starting the hydraulic control system 26 and the pressure-adjustable air pump 24, applying lateral load and top vertical load simultaneously, and connecting the resistance-type miniature soil pressure gauge 22 with a static strain tester 29 for collecting pressure change;
in the loading process, observing and recording data of the static strain gauge 29, and observing and recording deformation and damage conditions of the tunnel lining model 20 and the surrounding rock model through coordinate grids on the front panel 3 and the back panel 4;
and step six, after the observation is finished, closing the pressure-adjustable air pump 24, removing the top vertical load, then operating the hydraulic control system 26, returning the piston 10 by the direction-adjusting control valve 267, returning the pressure plates on the two sides to the original position, cleaning the surrounding rock simulation material 19 and the tunnel lining model 20 in the model box 1, processing the test data, and finishing the tunnel model test.
The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any changes that can be considered by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel model test device, characterized by comprising:
the tunnel model comprises a model box (1), the left side, the right side and the top of the model box are open, a transverse partition plate (16) with holes is detachably connected in the model box (1), a bottom cavity (17) is formed between the bottom of the model box (1) and the partition plate (16) with holes, a tunnel model is placed in the model box (1) and placed on the partition plate (16) with holes, and the tunnel model comprises a tunnel lining model (20) and surrounding rock simulation materials (19) filled on the periphery of the tunnel lining model (20);
a bottom flooding humidification system in communication with said bottom cavity (17) for providing a flow of water or steam to said bottom cavity (17) to permeate said perforated partition (16) into said tunnel formwork;
the bidirectional loading system comprises a left pressure plate (11) and a right pressure plate (12) which are arranged in the model box (1) along the vertical direction, wherein the left pressure plate (11) and the right pressure plate (12) are in sliding fit with the model box (1) along the horizontal direction, and the left pressure plate (11) and the right pressure plate (12) respectively move towards the direction close to the tunnel model so as to apply uniform or non-uniform thrust to the left side and the right side of the tunnel model;
a top loading system disposed within the mould box (1) to apply a uniform load to the top of the tunnel mould.
2. The tunnel model test rig of claim 1, wherein the bottom flooding humidification system comprises:
a connecting pipeline (27), the first end of which is communicated with the liquid inlet (18) in the bottom cavity (17);
and the water flow/water vapor shunt switching control component (28) is connected to the second end of the connecting pipeline (27), and water flow or water vapor is introduced into the bottom cavity (17) through the connecting pipeline (27).
3. The tunnel model test apparatus of claim 2, wherein the water/steam shunt switch control assembly (28) comprises:
the clean water tank (280) is arranged outside the model box (1), the connecting pipeline (27) comprises a liquid inlet pipe (270), an air inlet pipe (271) and a liquid discharge pipe (272), the clean water tank (280) is connected to the first end of the liquid inlet pipe (270), the second end of the liquid inlet pipe (270) is communicated with the liquid inlet (18), the liquid inlet pipe (270) is sequentially connected with a water pump (281), a water flow valve (282), a first one-way valve (283) and a flow meter (284) in the direction from the clean water tank (280) to the liquid inlet (18), the first end of the air inlet pipe (271) is connected to the liquid inlet pipe (270) between the water pump (281) and the water flow valve (282), the second end of the air inlet pipe (271) is connected to the liquid inlet pipe (270) between the water flow valve (282) and the first one-way valve (283), and a water steam generator water inlet valve (285) and a water discharge pipe (272) are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipe (271), A water vapor generator (286) and a second one-way valve (287);
the waste water tank (288) is arranged outside the model box (1), a first end of the liquid discharge pipe (272) is communicated with the waste water tank (288), a second end of the liquid discharge pipe (272) is connected to the liquid inlet pipe (270) between the flow meter (284) and the liquid inlet (18), and the liquid discharge pipe (272) is connected with a water discharge valve (289).
4. The tunnel model testing apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the bidirectional loading system comprises:
one part of the hydraulic oil cylinder group is connected with the left pressure plate (11), and the other part of the hydraulic oil cylinder group is connected with the right pressure plate (12) so as to push the left pressure plate (11) or the right pressure plate (12) to move along the horizontal direction;
a hydraulic control system (26) connected to the hydraulic cylinder bank to vary oil pressure therein.
5. A tunnel model testing apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein the hydraulic cylinder group includes:
the hydraulic cylinder I (6) and the hydraulic cylinder II (7) are respectively fixed on the left side of the model box (1) through a cylinder support (5), and the left side pressure plate (11) is respectively hinged with a piston (10) extending out of the hydraulic cylinder I (6) and the hydraulic cylinder II (7);
the hydraulic control die comprises a hydraulic control system (26), a hydraulic control system (6), a hydraulic control system (7), a hydraulic control system (8), a hydraulic control system (9), a hydraulic control system (8), a hydraulic control piston (10), a hydraulic cylinder I (8), a hydraulic cylinder II (7), a hydraulic control piston (8), a hydraulic control piston (9), a hydraulic cylinder IV (9), a hydraulic cylinder III (8), a hydraulic control piston (10), a hydraulic cylinder support (5), a hydraulic control piston (10), a hydraulic control piston (7), a hydraulic control piston (9), a hydraulic control piston (7), a hydraulic control piston (9) and a hydraulic control piston (9).
6. The tunnel model test device according to claim 4, wherein the opposite sides of the left side press plate (11) and the right side press plate (12) are respectively detachably connected with a pressure gauge (22), and the pressure gauge (22) is connected with a static strain tester (29).
7. The tunnel model testing apparatus of claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the top loading system comprises:
a counter plate (14) fixed to the top of the mold box (1);
a pressurizing air bag (15) placed between the counter pressure plate (14) and the tunnel model;
the adjustable pressure air pump (24) is connected with the pressurizing air bag (15) through an air pipeline (32).
8. A tunnel model testing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that a flexible cushion is movably arranged between the pressurizing air bag (15) and the tunnel model.
9. A tunnel model testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a vertical rib (23) is fixed in the bottom cavity (17), the vertical rib (23) being supported at a lower end of the perforated partition plate (16).
10. A tunnel model test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the model box (1) comprises: the solar cell panel comprises a front panel (3), a back panel (4), a bottom plate and a supporting frame (2), wherein the front panel (3) is fixed at the front end of the supporting frame (2), the back panel (4) is fixed at the rear end of the supporting frame (2), the bottom plate is fixed at the bottom end of the supporting frame (2), and coordinate grids are arranged on the front panel (3) and the back panel (4).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116482320A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-07-25 | 深圳市勘察研究院有限公司 | Tunnel water burst effect monitoring model test device and test method for groundwater environment |
| WO2024066869A1 (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2024-04-04 | 南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司工程建设管理分公司 | Water filling and drainage test method and device for prefabricated crack-containing reinforced concrete lining pressure tunnel |
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2021
- 2021-06-07 CN CN202121260358.XU patent/CN214702780U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024066869A1 (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2024-04-04 | 南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司工程建设管理分公司 | Water filling and drainage test method and device for prefabricated crack-containing reinforced concrete lining pressure tunnel |
| CN116482320A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-07-25 | 深圳市勘察研究院有限公司 | Tunnel water burst effect monitoring model test device and test method for groundwater environment |
| CN116482320B (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2024-01-26 | 深圳市勘察研究院有限公司 | Tunnel water burst effect monitoring model test device and test method for groundwater environment |
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