CN214426631U - Resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter measurement calibrating device - Google Patents
Resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter measurement calibrating device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A metering and calibrating device for a resistance strain type reinforcing steel bar meter. The device comprises a resistance strain type steel bar meter, a constant-temperature water tank, a platinum resistance thermometer clamping device, a static resistance strain gauge, a digital multimeter, a standard load device and an upper computer; the utility model has the advantages that: the current situation to at present domestic no special resistance strain gauge bar mechanical properties measurement calibration method, the utility model provides a resistance strain gauge bar measurement calibration device and method has solved the influence of ambient temperature influence to resistance strain gauge bar measurement accuracy, provides the technical basis for instrument production unit to resistance strain gauge bar before dispatching from the factory performance test, also provides effectual method for the field data correction of application unit, has promoted resistance strain gauge bar measurement accuracy and data reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of traffic water conservancy diversion, highway engineering structure monitoring equipment measurement calibration, in particular to resistance strain gauge rebar meter measurement calibrating device.
Background
In the fields of transportation and water transportation and highway engineering, the infrastructures and structures such as bridges and dams are influenced by external environment, material characteristics of the infrastructures and structural design and other factors in the process of construction and long-term use, so that damage accumulation and resistance attenuation are inevitably generated, the service life of the infrastructures is reduced, disastrous accidents are caused if existing potential safety hazards are not checked in time, and serious casualties and economic losses are caused, so that the health monitoring of important structures and infrastructures becomes a research hotspot of water transportation and highway engineering. The reinforcing steel bar is one of main bearing members of modern water transportation and highway engineering structures, is easily damaged under the influence of factors such as environmental corrosion, fatigue and material aging, takes strain and stress as one of important parameters for reacting material and structural mechanical characteristics, can obtain strength reserve information of the member according to strain distribution conditions in the material and the structure, determines stress concentration of the local position of the member and the actual load condition of the member, and has great monitoring significance.
The resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter is a sensor for converting the strain quantity, namely the size change on the reinforcing bar into the resistance change, and is widely applied in the industry by the characteristics of high precision, high reliability and the like. The surface of the reinforcing steel bar can generate micro deformation (elongation or shortening) after the reinforcing steel bar is loaded, so that the resistance value of the bridge resistor fixedly integrated with the reinforcing steel bar is changed, and the change rate of the resistance value is proportional to the deformation of the reinforcing steel bar. The change of the resistance is measured, and the strain of the surface of the steel bar and the corresponding stress can be calculated according to a formula. At present, no standard and measurement technical specification documents specially aiming at the resistance strain type steel bar meter exist at home and abroad, and published standard documents such as a metal sticking type resistance strain gauge (GB/T13992-2010) and a total specification of the resistance strain type pressure sensor (GB/T18806-2002) are provided, wherein the former mainly adopts a cantilever beam structure to stipulate and verify measurement performance parameters and indexes of the resistance strain type sensor, and the latter adopts a mode of simultaneously pressurizing and comparing with a standard pressure sensor to verify the parameter indexes such as linearity, and the like. The reinforcement meter related to the reinforcement meter of the 2 nd part of the reinforcement meter of the dam monitoring instrument (GB/T3409.1-2008) and the differential resistance reinforcement meter (GB/T3409-.
Therefore, the device and the method for calibrating the measurement of the resistance strain type steel bar meter are researched, the influence of the environmental temperature on the calibration result of the resistance strain type steel bar meter is reduced, the high-precision calibration of the mechanical property of the resistance strain type steel bar meter is realized, and the device and the method have important significance for improving the product quality of the resistance strain type steel bar meter.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problem, an object of the utility model is to provide a resistance strain gauge measurement calibrating device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides a resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter measurement calibrating device which comprises a resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter, a constant temperature water tank, a platinum resistance thermometer clamping device, a static resistance strain gauge, a digital multimeter, a standard load device and an upper computer; the resistance strain type steel bar meter is vertically placed in a constant-temperature water tank during temperature calibration, is fixed on the standard load device during mechanical property calibration, and is electrically connected with the static resistance strain meter; the platinum resistance thermometer is vertically placed in the constant-temperature water tank through the platinum resistance thermometer clamping device and is electrically connected with the digital multimeter; and the standard load device is electrically connected with the upper computer.
The resistance strain type steel bar meter comprises steel bars and a resistance strain type sensor; the middle part of the resistance strain type sensor is fixed outside the steel bar, the axis direction of the fixed part is parallel to the axis direction of the steel bar, and two ends of the resistance strain type sensor are connected to the static resistance strain gauge.
In the constant-temperature water tank, a resistance strain type sensor in the resistance strain type reinforcing steel bar meter and a measurement point of a platinum resistance thermometer are arranged at the same height.
The platinum resistance thermometer adopts a four-wire first-class or second-class standard platinum resistance thermometer.
The utility model has the advantages that: the current situation to at present domestic no special resistance strain gauge bar mechanical properties measurement calibration method, the utility model provides a resistance strain gauge bar measurement calibration device and method has solved the influence of ambient temperature influence to resistance strain gauge bar measurement accuracy, provides the technical basis for instrument production unit to resistance strain gauge bar before dispatching from the factory performance test, also provides effectual method for the field data correction of application unit, has promoted resistance strain gauge bar measurement accuracy and data reliability.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
Fig. 1 is the utility model provides a resistance strain gauge reinforcing bar meter measurement calibrating device structure picture.
Fig. 2 is the utility model provides a resistance strain gauge reinforcing bar meter measurement calibration method flow chart.
Fig. 3 is the utility model provides a resistance strain gauge structure picture among resistance strain gauge measurement calibrating device.
FIG. 4 is a least square straight line fitting result diagram of the strain measurement value of the resistance strain type steel bar gauge and the temperature standard value of the temperature measurement point corresponding to the platinum resistance thermometer.
FIG. 5 is a least square fitting result graph of a standard load value output by a standard load device and a temperature corrected strain value output by a corresponding load measuring point of a resistance strain type reinforcing steel meter.
Detailed Description
The following describes the measurement and calibration device and method of the resistance strain gauge with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model provides a resistance strain gauge steel bar meter measures calibrating device includes resistance strain gauge steel bar meter 10, constant temperature basin 20, platinum resistance thermometer 30, platinum resistance thermometer clamping device 40, static resistance strain gauge 50, digital multimeter 60, standard load device 70 and host computer 80; the resistance strain type steel bar meter 10 is vertically placed in a constant-temperature water tank 20 during temperature calibration, is fixed on the standard load device 70 during mechanical property calibration, and is electrically connected with the static resistance strain gauge 50; the platinum resistance thermometer 30 is vertically placed in the constant-temperature water tank 20 through a platinum resistance thermometer holding device 40 and is electrically connected with the digital multimeter 60; the standard load device 70 is electrically connected with the upper computer 80.
The resistance strain type steel bar meter 10 comprises a steel bar 101 and a resistance strain type sensor 102; the middle part of the resistance strain type sensor 102 is fixed outside the steel bar 101, the axial direction of the fixed part is parallel to the axial direction of the steel bar 101, and two ends of the fixed part are connected to the static resistance strain gauge 50.
In the constant-temperature water tank 20, the resistance strain gauge 102 of the resistance strain gauge 10 is disposed at the same height as the measurement point of the platinum resistance thermometer 30.
The platinum resistance thermometer 30 is a four-wire first-class or second-class standard platinum resistance thermometer.
The temperature variation range of the constant temperature water tank 20 is minus 5 to plus 100 ℃, the temperature fluctuation degree is plus or minus 0.05 ℃, and the temperature uniformity degree is plus or minus 0.05 ℃.
The strain measuring range of the resistance strain type reinforcing steel bar measuring and calibrating device is-1500- + 1500 mu epsilon, when the diameter of the selected reinforcing steel bar 101 is 14mm, the material is 304 steel, and the shape is deformed steel bar, the measuring uncertainty is U-0.20 kN, and k-2.
As shown in fig. 2, the measurement calibration method using the measurement calibration apparatus for a resistance strain gauge steel bar meter includes the following steps performed in sequence:
step 001: adjusting the experimental environment to 23 +/-2 ℃, standing the resistance strain type rebar meter 10 for 24 hours, connecting the resistance strain type rebar meter 10 to a digital multimeter 60, adjusting the digital multimeter 60 to a resistance level, preheating for 30 minutes, reading the resistance value output by the resistance strain type rebar meter 10 in a zero-load state at equal time intervals by the digital multimeter 60 within 10min, recording data to be not less than 5, and calculating the resistance deviation R of the resistance strain type rebar meter 10 according to the formula (1)DAs a result of the calibration of the resistance deviation of the resistance strain gauge 10;
in the formula:
RBthe nominal resistance value, Ω, output by the resistance strain gauge 10;
step 002: if the resistance deviation R of the resistance strain gauge 10DGreater than a set resistance deviation threshold RTIf so, the resistance strain type reinforcing steel bar meter 10 is unqualified, the step 001 is repeated after a new resistance strain type reinforcing steel bar meter 10 is replaced, and otherwise, the step 003 is switched to;
step 003: vertically placing a resistance strain type steel bar meter 10 in a constant-temperature water tank 20, fixing the upper end of a platinum resistance thermometer 30 on a platinum resistance thermometer clamping device 40, placing the lower part of the platinum resistance thermometer in the constant-temperature water tank 20, enabling the platinum resistance thermometer 30 and the measurement point of a resistance strain type sensor 102 in the resistance strain type steel bar meter 10 to be arranged in a same height mode, connecting two ends of the resistance strain type sensor 102 to a static resistance strain gauge 50, connecting the platinum resistance thermometer 30 to a digital multimeter 60, adjusting the digital multimeter 60 to a resistance level, and initializing a serial port of an upper computer 80;
step 004: adjusting the temperature of the water in the constant-temperature water tank 20 to 0 ℃, after stabilizing for 30 minutes, reading the temperature value at the height of the resistance strain type sensor 102 in the constant-temperature water tank 20, which is measured by the platinum resistance thermometer 30 displayed by the digital multimeter 60, and reading the strain value in the zero-load state output by the resistance strain type sensor 102 in the resistance strain type steel bar meter 10 from the static resistance strain meter 50;
then, taking every 10 ℃ as a first-stage temperature measuring point, gradually increasing the water temperature in the constant-temperature water tank 20 to 60 ℃, and after the water temperature is stabilized for 30 minutes at each stage of temperature measuring point, sequentially recording the measuring data of the platinum resistance thermometer 30 and the resistance strain type sensor 102 according to the mode;
then, from 60 ℃, taking every 10 ℃ as a first-stage temperature measuring point, gradually reducing the water temperature in the constant-temperature water tank 20 to 0 ℃, and after the temperature in each stage of temperature measuring point is stabilized for 30 minutes, sequentially recording the measuring data of the platinum resistance thermometer 30 and the resistance strain type sensor 102 according to the mode;
averaging corresponding measurement data of the platinum resistance thermometer 30 and the resistance strain type sensor 102 at each temperature measurement point in the temperature rising and lowering processes, and respectively taking the average value as respective final measurement value, and taking the temperature value at the height of the platinum resistance thermometer 30 and the resistance strain type sensor 102 in the constant temperature water tank 20 at 0 ℃ as an initial temperature value TR0The strain value outputted from the resistance strain type sensor 102 at 0 ℃ is used as the initial strain value εT0；
Step 005: taking the resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter 10 out of the constant-temperature water tank 20, fixing the upper end and the lower end of a reinforcing bar 101 on the standard load device 70, taking the platinum resistance thermometer 30 fixed on the platinum resistance thermometer clamping device 40 out of the constant-temperature water tank 20, placing the platinum resistance thermometer in the vicinity of the standard load device 70, preloading the resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter 10 by using the standard load device 70 within the measuring range of the resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter 10, recovering the resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter 10 to a zero load state and stabilizing, and reading a strain value output by the resistance strain type sensor 102 demodulated by the static resistance strain meter 50;
the preloading method is that in the measuring range of the resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter 10, 10% of full measuring range is used as a first-stage load measuring point, the load is gradually added to a full-measuring-range load value, each stage is at least stable for 3min, a standard load value applied by a standard load device 70 and a corresponding strain value output by a resistance strain type sensor 102 on the resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter 10 are recorded, the environment temperature value near the resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter 10 measured by a platinum resistance thermometer 30 at the corresponding load measuring point is synchronously recorded, then the load is gradually reduced from the full-measuring-range load value to a zero-load state according to the method, the measured values are recorded, and the measurement is carried out for 3 times in a circulating manner;
step 006: relative initial temperature value T of each temperature measurement point in constant-temperature water tank 20 measured by platinum resistance thermometer 30R0Change amount of (Δ T)Ri(ΔTRi＝TRi-TR0I ═ 0, 1,2,3, 4, 5, 6) as an independent variable, and the strain value ε at each temperature measurement point such as the platinum resistance thermometer 30 in the constant-temperature water bath 20 measured by the resistance strain type sensor 102TiRelative initial strain value εT0Amount of change of (delta epsilon)Ti(ΔεTi＝εTi-εT0I is 0, 1,2,3, 4, 5, 6) as a dependent variable, and performing least square linear fitting according to the formula (2), thereby establishing a corresponding relationship between the temperature value measured by the platinum resistance thermometer 30 and the strain value output by the resistance strain type sensor 102;
ΔεTi＝kT×ΔTRi+bT (2)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
kT-temperature sensitivity factor;
bTthe resistance strain type sensor 102 on the least square straight line measures the strain variation, mu epsilon, of the constant temperature water tank 20 at a temperature value of 0 ℃ when the platinum resistance thermometer 30 measures the strain variation;
step 007: electrifying the platinum in step 005Ambient temperature value T at each level of load measurement point measured by resistance thermometer 30Rij(i 1,2, … …, 10, j 1,2,3, … …, 6) is substituted into the formula (1), and the strain change amount Δ ∈ of the resistance strain gauge sensor 102 due to the change in the ambient temperature at each stage of the load measuring point is calculatedTij(i＝1，2，……，10，j＝1，2，3，……，6)；
Calculating the strain value lambda measured by the resistance strain type sensor 102 in the 3-cycle measurement process of each level of load measurement point according to the formula (3)ijThe amount of change in strain Δ ∈ from the output of the resistance strain gauge sensor 102 due to a change in ambient temperatureTijAn average of the differences;
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Δεithe average value of the temperature-corrected strain, μ ∈, output by the resistance strain gauge sensor 102 on the resistance strain gauge 10 during 3-cycle measurement at the i-th-stage load measurement point (i ═ 1,2,3, … …, 10);
εijthe strain value μ ∈ output by the resistance strain gauge sensor 102 on the resistance strain gauge rebar gauge 10 during the ith-level load measurement point (i ═ 1,2,3, … …, 10) and the jth (j ═ 1,2,3, … …, m) measurement;
ΔεTijthe amount of change in strain (i ═ 1,2, … …, 10, j ═ 1,2,3, … …, 6), μ ∈ output by the resistance strain gauge sensor 102 due to changes in ambient temperature;
m is the number of times of measuring the loading and unloading strokes, and m is 6;
strain value delta epsilon outputted by resistance strain type sensor 102 on resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter 10iAs independent variable, the average value F of the load applied by the standard load device 70 is usediAnd (3) performing least square linear fitting according to a formula (5) as a dependent variable, and calculating to obtain a load measurement value of the resistance strain type reinforcing steel bar meter 10:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
FPithe standard load applied by each level of load measuring point during the loading stroke of the standard load device 70, kN;
FMithe standard load applied by each level of load measuring point during the load reduction stroke of the standard load device 70 is kN;
FWi＝k×Δεi+C (5)
in the formula:
FWion the least squares line with Δ εiCorresponding Fi(i＝0，1，2，3，4，5，6)，με；
k is the strain sensitive coefficient of the resistance strain type reinforcing steel bar meter 10, kN/mu epsilon;
c is the load measurement value kN of the resistance strain type reinforcing steel bar meter 10 in the free state;
step 007: calculating the load measurement value F of the resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter 10 according to the formula (6)WiAverage value F of load applied by standard load device 70iMaximum error delta betweenL：
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
FFSthe full-scale load value, kN, of the resistance strain gauge rebar gauge 10.
When the device works, the deformed steel bar type resistance strain type steel bar meter 10 with the section diameter of 16mm is selected for verification, as shown in fig. 3, the measuring range of the resistance strain type steel bar meter 10 is 0-30 kN, the nominal resistance is 120 omega, the resistance strain type steel bar meter 10 is firstly connected to the digital multimeter 60, and the resistance deviation R of the digital multimeter 60 is detectedDMeasurements were made as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 resistance strain gauge resistance measurement
The resistance deviation of the resistance strain gauge 10 is calculated according to the formula (1), and comprises the following components:
normally, a resistance deviation threshold R is setTThe nominal resistance value is 0.5%, so the resistance strain gauge 10 selected in this example is acceptable.
And then, correcting the temperature of the resistance strain type steel bar meter 10, taking the platinum resistance thermometer 30 as a measurement standard device, placing the platinum resistance thermometer 30 and the resistance strain type sensor 102 on the resistance strain type steel bar meter 10 in a constant-temperature water tank 20 at the same height, performing temperature rise and temperature drop tests within the range of 0-60 ℃ by taking 10 ℃ as a first-stage temperature measurement point, averaging the measurement data of each sensor in the temperature rise and temperature drop process at each stage temperature measurement point to obtain a final measurement value, wherein the measurement data is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 measurement data of various sensors in constant-temperature water tank
| Serial number | Platinum resistance thermometer measuring standard temperature value (DEG C) | Resistance strain type sensor measuring strain value (mu epsilon) |
| 1 | 0.0293 | -13 |
| 2 | 10.0278 | -7 |
| 3 | 20.0252 | 0 |
| 4 | 30.0191 | 11 |
| 5 | 40.0112 | 23 |
| 6 | 50.0007 | 37 |
| 7 | 60.0011 | 51 |
The corresponding relationship between the standard temperature value measured by the platinum resistance thermometer 30 and the strain value measured by the resistance strain gauge sensor 102 when the temperature measurement point is corresponding to the height of the platinum resistance thermometer 30 in the constant temperature water tank 30 is established according to the formula (2), as shown in fig. 4, there are:
ΔεTi＝1.082×ΔTRi-17.89
(9)
thereby obtaining Delta epsilonTiThe values of (A) are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 temperature correction values for resistance strain gauge sensors
| Serial number | Strain measuring value (mu epsilon) of resistance strain type sensor | Resistance strain type sensor strain correction value (mu epsilon) |
| 1 | -13 | -17.8583 |
| 2 | -7 | -7.0399 |
| 3 | 0 | 3.7773 |
| 4 | 11 | 14.5907 |
| 5 | 23 | 25.4021 |
| 6 | 37 | 36.2108 |
| 7 | 51 | 47.0312 |
Fixing the resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter 10 on the standard loading device 70, selecting a 0.1-level microcomputer control superposition type force standard machine, wherein the measurement range is 0-100 kN, and the step-by-step loading-unloading is carried out according to 10% of full range (F.S) within the measurement range of 0-30 kN of the resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter, and the measurement data is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 load value during Loading-unloading of resistance strain type reinforcing bar gauge
During the measurement, the laboratory temperature is kept within 23 ± 2 ℃, and when the temperature reaches the upper limit of 25 ℃, the temperature can be obtained according to the formula (8):
ΔεTi＝1.082×(25-0)-17.89＝9.16με
then when the temperature reaches the lower limit of 21 ℃, it can be obtained according to equation (8):
ΔεTi＝1.082×(21-0)-17.89＝4.832με
when the temperature is maintained at 23 ℃, it can be obtained according to equation (8):
ΔεTi＝1.082×(23-0)-17.89＝6.996με
in this embodiment, for convenience of calculation, the strain variation of 23 ℃ at the upper limit of the temperature variation is temporarily taken as Δ ∈Ti jA value of, i.e. let ofTi jWhen the measured value is 9.16. mu. epsilon, Δ ε is calculated by the following equation (3)iThe results are shown in Table 5, and F is calculated according to formula (4)iThe results are also shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Strain variation and standard load of resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter during loading-unloading process
| Load (kN) | Standard load value Fi(kN) | Resistance strain type reinforcing bar meter strain variation value delta epsiloni(με) |
| 0 | 0.024 | -4.49333 |
| 1×10％F·S | 3.013 | 206.84 |
| 2×10％F·S | 6.015 | 437.0067 |
| 3×10％F·S | 9.012 | 669.6733 |
| 4×10％F·S | 12.017 | 899.0067 |
| 5×10％F·S | 15.011 | 1128.673 |
| 6×10％F·S | 18.021 | 1358.007 |
| 7×10％F·S | 21.019 | 1587.173 |
| 8×10％F·S | 24.020 | 1817.673 |
| 9×10％F·S | 27.023 | 2049.173 |
| 10×10％F·S | 30.018 | 2274.84 |
Calculating a standard load value F according to the formula (5)iStrain measured value delta epsilon of resistance strain type reinforcing bar meteriThe correspondence between them, as shown in fig. 5, includes:
FWi＝0.013×Δεi+0.227
(9)
each level of the standard loading value F applied to the standard loading device 70iThe temperature compensated load values measured by the resistance strain gauge 10 are shown in table 6.
Table 6 standard load value and measured load value at each load measuring point
Then according to equation (6) there is:
when the method is used on site, the k and C values are generally provided for a user unit, if the method is not used for carrying out stable compensation calibration, the strain change value of the resistance strain type reinforcing steel bar meter 10 is to be measured at 25 DEG CThere is a change in strain Δ ε due to a change in temperatureTi jWhen the load measurement value of the resistance strain type rebar gauge 10 is 9.16 mu epsilon, an error of 0.013 × 9.16-0.12 kN exists, so that the accuracy and the reliability of field measurement data are affected.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to implement the present invention accordingly, the scope of the present invention should not be limited by the embodiment, that is, all equivalent changes or modifications made by the spirit of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a resistance strain gauge rebar meter measurement calibrating device which characterized in that: the measuring and calibrating device of the resistance strain type steel bar meter comprises a resistance strain type steel bar meter (10), a constant-temperature water tank (20), a platinum resistance thermometer (30), a platinum resistance thermometer clamping device (40), a static resistance strain meter (50), a digital multimeter (60), a standard load device (70) and an upper computer (80); the resistance strain type steel bar meter (10) is vertically placed in a constant-temperature water tank (20) during temperature calibration, is fixed on the standard load device (70) during mechanical property calibration, and is electrically connected with a static resistance strain gauge (50); the platinum resistance thermometer (30) is vertically placed in the constant-temperature water tank (20) through a platinum resistance thermometer clamping device (40) and is electrically connected with the digital multimeter (60); the standard load device (70) is electrically connected with the upper computer (80).
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the resistance strain type steel bar meter (10) comprises a steel bar (101) and a resistance strain type sensor (102); the middle part of the resistance strain type sensor (102) is fixed outside the steel bar (101), the axial direction of the fixed part is parallel to the axial direction of the steel bar (101), and two ends of the fixed part are connected to the static resistance strain gauge (50).
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: in the constant-temperature water tank (20), a resistance strain type sensor (102) in a resistance strain type reinforcing steel bar meter (10) and a measurement point of a platinum resistance thermometer (30) are arranged to be equal in height.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the platinum resistance thermometer (30) adopts a four-wire first-class or second-class standard platinum resistance thermometer.
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