CN214142645U

CN214142645U - Fiber opening system

Info

Publication number: CN214142645U
Application number: CN202022454835.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘炳娣; 张伟; 朱凯棋; 冯力
Original assignee: Freudenberg and Vilene Nonwovens Suzhou Co Ltd
Current assignee: Freudenberg and Vilene Nonwovens Suzhou Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-28
Filing date: 2020-10-28
Publication date: 2021-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-28

Abstract

A fiber opening system comprising: the initial opening assembly comprises an inclined nail curtain and a beater, the inclined nail curtain conveys fibers along a first preset path, the beater is arranged on the first preset path and is in contact with the surface of the inclined nail curtain, the surface of the inclined nail curtain is provided with a plurality of carding nails, and the beater comprises a roller and a plurality of needle teeth arranged on the surface of the roller; the roller device is connected with the primary opening assembly through a first conveying pipeline, the first conveying pipeline conveys the fibers along a second preset path, and the roller device comprises a cotton feeding roller and a cotton opening roller which are arranged on the second preset path in a front-back mode; and the packer is connected with the roller device through a second conveying pipeline. The utility model discloses help improving the fluffy degree of fibre, get rid of impurity, guarantee the fibre misce bene.

Description

Fiber opening system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a fiber manufacturing technical field especially relates to a fiber opening system.

Background

The fiber opening is the process of breaking large fiber lumps and blocks into small bundles and small blocks of fibers. The opening of the fiber material was initially carried out manually. For example, for seed cotton, the seed and fiber are separated by hand and the fiber is then fluffed using bowstring. With the advent of machine spinning, there is a need for larger fiber stock reserves and a reduction in the transport volume of the fiber stock, whereby the original manual process is gradually replaced by a mechanized method of opening the fiber stock.

However, existing fiber opening processes remain to be improved.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a problem provide a fibre system of opening helps improving the fluffy degree of fibre, gets rid of impurity, guarantees the fibre misce bene.

In order to solve the above problem, the utility model provides a fiber opening system, include: the initial opening assembly comprises an inclined nail curtain and a beater, the inclined nail curtain conveys fibers along a first preset path, the beater is arranged on the first preset path and is in contact with the surface of the inclined nail curtain, the surface of the inclined nail curtain is provided with a plurality of carding nails, and the beater comprises a roller and a plurality of needle teeth arranged on the surface of the roller; the roller device is connected with the primary opening assembly through a first conveying pipeline, the first conveying pipeline conveys the fibers along a second preset path, and the roller device comprises a cotton feeding roller and a cotton opening roller which are arranged on the second preset path in a front-back mode; and the packer is connected with the roller device through a second conveying pipeline.

Optionally, the fiber opening system further comprises: and the first metal detector is arranged on the first conveying pipeline and is positioned between the initial opening assembly and the roller device.

Optionally, the fiber opening system further comprises: and the second metal detector is arranged on the second conveying pipeline.

Optionally, the fiber opening system further comprises: the fan is arranged on the second conveying pipeline, the first conveying pipeline is communicated with the second conveying pipeline, and the fan is suitable for conveying wind power into the first conveying pipeline and the second conveying pipeline.

Optionally, the roller device further includes: a first motor; the first rotating wheel is arranged on a motor shaft of the first motor; the first annular belt is sleeved on the first rotating wheel and the outer peripheral surface of the cotton feeding roller.

Optionally, the roller device further includes: the rotating shaft is fixedly arranged on the center of the cotton feeding roller; the second rotating wheel is arranged close to the cotton feeding roller; the second annular belt is sleeved on the second rotating wheel and the rotating shaft; the cotton returning roller part, the outer surface of the cotton returning roller part is in surface contact with the second annular belt, and the second annular belt drives the cotton returning roller part to rotate.

Optionally, the outer surface of the cotton returning roller part is provided with a plurality of carding needles.

Optionally, the initial opening assembly further comprises: a conveyor belt adapted to convey fibers to the slanted curtain of staples.

Optionally, the initial opening assembly further comprises: the conveying belt is sleeved on the third rotating wheel and the fourth rotating wheel; the fifth rotating wheel is arranged on the output end, the inclined nail curtain is encircled to form a ring shape, and the inclined nail curtain is sleeved on the fourth rotating wheel and the fifth rotating wheel.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model have following advantage:

the utility model provides an among the technical scheme of fiber opening system, the subassembly is opened including oblique nail curtain and hired roughneck just, the nail curtain carries fibre along first predetermined route to one side, oblique nail curtain surface has a plurality of carding nails, from this, oblique nail curtain is at the in-process along first predetermined route transport fibre, carding nail can comb the fibre promptly. The beater is arranged on the first preset path and is in contact with the surface of the inclined nail curtain, the beater comprises a roller and a plurality of needle teeth arranged on the surface of the roller, and when the fibers are conveyed to the beater, the needle teeth on the surface of the roller of the beater extend into the space between the adjacent carding nails, so that the fibers between the adjacent carding nails can be further pulled loose. The roller device comprises a cotton feeding roller and a cotton opening roller which are arranged on the second preset path in a front-back mode, the fibers are conveyed to the cotton opening roller through the cotton feeding roller for fine opening, the cotton feeding process is convenient to control, and the risk of fiber blockage at the cotton opening roller is reduced. To sum up, the fiber opening system is helpful to improve the fiber filling power, remove impurities and ensure the uniform mixing of fibers.

In an alternative, the roller device further comprises: the rotating shaft is fixedly arranged on the center of the cotton feeding roller; the second rotating wheel is arranged close to the cotton feeding roller; the second annular belt is sleeved on the second rotating wheel and the rotating shaft; the cotton returning roller part, the outer surface of the cotton returning roller part is in surface contact with the second annular belt, and the second annular belt drives the cotton returning roller part to rotate. The cotton returning roller piece is helpful to prevent blockage caused by the fact that excessive fibers are opened from the initial opening to the fine opening, and the excessive fibers can be returned to the cotton feeding roller to wait for the fine opening at the cotton opening roller again.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fiber opening system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a primary opening assembly of the fiber opening system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a roller device of the fiber opening system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a flow chart of a fiber opening method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

It is known from the background art that the existing fiber opening processes still need to be improved.

The analysis is carried out by combining a fiber opening method, and the process steps mainly comprise: the fiber is beaten by a beater rotating at high speed to loosen the fiber.

The fiber is beaten by a beater, and if the beating times are too many, the fiber is easily damaged and impurities are easily crushed, so that the fiber defects are increased; if the number of times of striking is too small, the degree of loosening of the fibers is low, and a large amount of impurities remain. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve an ideal fiber opening effect by hitting the fibers with a beater.

The inventor researches the above problems and, through creative work, the inventor notices that the opening of the fiber by using the fiber opening system comprising the initial opening assembly and the roller device is helpful to improve the fiber opening degree.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

The following first describes a fiber opening system suitable for the fiber opening method provided by the present invention in detail.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber opening system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, a fiber opening system 100 includes: a primary opening assembly 200; the roller device 300 is connected with the primary opening assembly 200 through a first conveying pipeline 410; and a packer 500 connected to the roller device 300 through a second transfer line 420.

The primary opening assembly 200 is adapted to initially open fibers. The roller device 300 is adapted to finely open the primarily opened fibers. The baler 500 is adapted to bale the fine opened fibers.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a primary opening assembly 200 of the fiber opening system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the primary opening assembly 200 includes an inclined spike cover 210 and a beater 220, the inclined spike cover 210 conveys fibers along a first predetermined path, the beater 220 is disposed on the first predetermined path and contacts with a surface of the inclined spike cover 210, the surface of the inclined spike cover 210 has a plurality of carding spikes 211, and the beater 220 includes a roller 221 and a plurality of pin teeth 222 disposed on a surface of the roller 221.

In the process that the inclined spike curtain 210 conveys the fibers along the first preset path, the carding nails 211 can comb the fibers, so that the fibers are mutually loosened, and the initial opening effect is improved.

The primary opening assembly 200 further comprises: a conveyor belt 231, said conveyor belt 231 adapted to convey fibers to said inclined curtain 210.

In this embodiment, the primary opening assembly 200 further includes: a third rotating wheel 230 and a fourth rotating wheel 240 which are arranged at intervals, wherein the first predetermined path has an input end and an output end which are opposite to each other, the third rotating wheel 230 is arranged on the input end, the fourth rotating wheel 240 is arranged between the input end and the output end, and the conveying belt 231 is sleeved on the third rotating wheel 230 and the fourth rotating wheel 240; the fifth rotating wheel 250 is disposed on the output end, the oblique nail curtain 210 is enclosed into a ring shape, and the oblique nail curtain 210 is sleeved on the fourth rotating wheel 240 and the fifth rotating wheel 250.

The straight line with an arrow in fig. 2 indicates the fiber conveying direction.

In this embodiment, the conveyor belt 231 is looped. The third pulley 230 and the fourth pulley 240 are spaced apart from each other on the same horizontal plane along which the fiber is conveyed by the conveyor belt 231.

In this embodiment, the fifth wheel 250 is located obliquely above the fourth wheel 240. The angled curtain 210 transports the fibers up the angled surface. A first included angle α is formed between the conveying belt 231 and the inclined nail curtain 210, and the first included angle α is an obtuse angle.

In this embodiment, the carding nails 211 are arranged in rows across the surface of the slanted curtain 210, with the adjacent rows being equally spaced. Adjacent ones of the comb pins 211 in the same row are equally spaced.

In this embodiment, the material of the comb nails 211 is metal.

The inclined curtain of staples 210 transports the fibers upward along the inclined surface, the fibers on the surface of the inclined curtain of staples 210 have a tendency to move downward along the inclined surface under the gravity, and the fibers are combed by the carding pins 211 while rolling downward with respect to the surface of the inclined curtain of staples 210, whereby the carding pins 211 can release the fibers.

It should be noted that, since the speed of the fibers rolling downward relative to the surface of the oblique nail curtain 210 is small compared to the speed of the oblique nail curtain 210 moving upward along the oblique surface, the fibers can finally reach the output end of the first predetermined path under the carrying action of the oblique nail curtain 210.

The surface of the roller 221 is fixedly provided with a plurality of fixing strips (not shown in the figure) arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction. The fixing strip extends along the length direction of the roller 221 from one end of the roller 221 to the other end. The pins 222 are spaced apart on the strip. The roller 221 rotates to make the pin gear 222 on the fixing strip contact with the surface of the slanted curtain 210 in turn.

When the fibers are transported to the beater 220, the pin teeth 222 on the surface of the drum 221 of the beater 220 extend between the adjacent comb nails 211, and the pin teeth 222 and the comb nails 211 are relatively moved, so that the pin teeth 222 can further loosen the fibers between the adjacent comb nails 211 and promote the separation of impurities between the fibers from the fibers.

In this embodiment, the needle teeth 222 are made of metal.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2 in combination, in this embodiment, the fiber opening system 100 further includes: the first metal detector 610 is arranged on the first conveying pipeline 410 and is positioned between the initial opening assembly 200 and the roller device 300.

During the initial opening process, the carding wire 211 or the pin teeth 222 may be broken and incorporated into the fibers. Since the carding nails 211 and the pins 222 are made of metal, the first metal detector 610 can detect whether the broken carding nails 211 or the pins 222 are in the fiber by detecting whether the metal material exists in the fiber after the initial opening, so as to ensure that the broken carding nails 211 or the pins 222 in the fiber can be removed in time, and prevent the broken carding nails 211 or the pins 222 from moving along with the fiber and further causing damage to the roller device 300 in the fine opening process. In addition, the first metal detector 610 can also detect other metal impurities in the fiber, which helps to improve the quality of the fiber.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a roller device 300 of the fiber opening system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 3, the first conveying line 410 (refer to fig. 1) conveys the fibers along a second predetermined path. The roller device 300 comprises a cotton feeding roller 310 and a cotton opening roller 320 which are respectively arranged on the second predetermined path in the front-back direction. The feed roll 310 is adapted to convey the fibers to the opening roll 320, and the opening roll 320 is adapted to finely open the fibers.

The fibers are conveyed to the opening roller 320 by the cotton feeding roller 310 for fine opening, so that the cotton feeding process is controlled conveniently, and the risk of fiber blockage at the opening roller 320 is reduced.

In this embodiment, an arc-shaped plate 330 is disposed on the periphery of the opening roller 320, and a plurality of carding teeth (not shown in the figure) are disposed on a surface of the arc-shaped plate 330 facing the opening roller 320, and the carding teeth are used for dividing the fibers moving to a gap between the arc-shaped plate 330 and the opening roller 320, so that the fibers are more fluffy, and further removing impurities between the fibers.

In this embodiment, the gap between the arc-shaped plate 330 and the opening roller 320 is 1mm to 1.5 mm.

In this embodiment, the roller device 300 further includes: a first motor 340; a first pulley 341 disposed on a motor shaft of the first motor 340; the first endless belt 351 is sleeved on the first wheel 341 and the outer circumferential surface of the cotton feeding roller 310.

The first motor 340 drives the first rotating wheel 341 to rotate, and the first endless belt 351 moves and drives the cotton feeding roller 310 to rotate. By controlling the first motor 340, the cotton feeding roller 310 can be controlled to rotate clockwise.

In this embodiment, the roller device 300 further includes: a first auxiliary runner 381, said first auxiliary runner 381 being provided on the surface of said first endless belt 351 and being adapted to modulate the shape of said first endless belt 351.

In this embodiment, the roller device 300 further includes: the rotating shaft 360 is fixedly arranged on the center of the cotton feeding roller 310; a second wheel 342 disposed adjacent to the feed roll 310; a second endless belt 352, wherein the second endless belt 352 is sleeved on the second wheel 342 and the rotating shaft 360; the outer surface of the cotton returning roller 370 is in contact with the surface of the second annular belt 352, and the second annular belt 352 drives the cotton returning roller 370 to rotate.

The shaft 360 rotates with the feed roll 310. Because one end of the second endless belt 352 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 360, the rotating shaft 360 rotates to drive the second endless belt 352 to move, and the second endless belt 352 further drives the cotton returning roller 370 to rotate.

The opening roller 320 is positioned at one side of the cotton feeding roller 310, and the cotton returning roller 370 is positioned at the other side of the cotton feeding roller 310.

In this embodiment, the opening roll 320 is located at the right side of the feed roll 310, and the cotton return roller 370 is located at the left side of the feed roll 310. When the cotton feeding roller 310 rotates clockwise, the fiber at the cotton feeding roller 310 is conveyed towards the cotton opening roller 320, and when the cotton feeding roller 310 rotates anticlockwise, the fiber at the cotton feeding roller 310 is conveyed towards the cotton returning roller 370.

The cotton return roller 370 helps to reduce the risk of cotton jam caused by too much fiber to be finely opened at the opening roller 320.

At the feed roll 310, by adjusting the rotation direction of the feed roll 310, part of the fibers are conveyed to the opening roll 320 for fine opening, and the other part of the fibers are conveyed to the cotton return roller member 370 through the second endless belt 352. After the fiber jam at the opening roller 320 is improved, the fibers at the cotton returning roller 370 return to the cotton feeding roller 310 through the second endless belt 352 and then reach the opening roller 320 for fine opening. The cotton return piece 370 thus helps to reduce the risk of cotton blocking.

In this embodiment, the outer surface of the cotton roller 370 has a plurality of carding wires 371. During the fibers transmitted to the cotton returning roller 370 rotate along with the cotton returning roller 370, the carding wire 371 further releases the fibers, thereby improving the uniformity of fiber mixing.

In this embodiment, the roller device 300 further includes: the second auxiliary wheel 382, the second endless belt 352 is not only sleeved on the second wheel 342 and the rotating shaft 360, but also sleeved on the second auxiliary wheel 382.

Referring to fig. 1, in this embodiment, the fiber opening system 100 further includes: the fan 700 is disposed on the second conveying pipeline 420, the first conveying pipeline 410 is communicated with the second conveying pipeline 420, and the fan 700 is adapted to convey wind power into the first conveying pipeline 410 and the second conveying pipeline 420.

The primarily opened fibers move along the first conveying pipeline 410 and the second conveying pipeline 420 under the action of wind power conveyed by the fan 700.

The fiber opening system 100 further includes: and a second metal detector 620 disposed on the second conveying pipe 420.

Second metal detector 620 can detect and accomplish after the essence is opened whether there is metallic impurity in the fibre, is convenient for in time clear away metallic impurity, prevents that metallic impurity from mixing influence the fibre quality in the fibre to avoid metallic impurity to follow the fibre removes and then causes baling press 500 damage in the baling process.

Referring to fig. 4, the present invention also provides a fiber opening method implemented by using the above fiber opening system 100.

Step S11 is performed to primarily open the fibers using the primary opening assembly 200.

In this embodiment, the fibers are chemical fibers with a purity of 100%. The chemical fiber material is light and thin, and is not easy to form balls after being washed.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4 in combination, in the present embodiment, the primary opening assembly 200 includes a slanted spike curtain 210 and a beater 220, the slanted spike curtain 210 conveys the fibers along a first predetermined path, the beater 220 is disposed on the first predetermined path and contacts with a surface of the slanted spike curtain 210, the slanted spike curtain 210 has a plurality of carding spikes 211 on a surface thereof, and the beater 220 includes a roller 221 and a plurality of pins 222 disposed on a surface of the roller 221.

In this embodiment, in the primary opening process, the carding nails 211 and the needle teeth 222 comb the fibers.

When the fibers are conveyed to the beater 220, the pin teeth 222 on the surface of the roller 221 of the beater 220 extend into the space between the adjacent carding nails 211, so that the fibers between the adjacent carding nails 211 can be further torn loose, the connecting force between the fibers and impurities can be damaged, and the purposes of further loosening the fibers and removing the impurities can be achieved; thus, the carding nails 211 and the needle teeth 222 cooperate to improve the carding effect of the initial opening stage on the fibers.

In other embodiments, the pin teeth 222 may also strike the fibers transported to the beater 220 to loosen the fibers.

In this embodiment, the speed of the oblique nail curtain 210 is 1200rpm to 1500rpm, so as to ensure the pre-loosening effect of the oblique nail curtain 210 on the fibers.

In this embodiment, before carrying out the initial opening to the fibre, still include: and spraying an antistatic agent on the surface of the fiber.

When the ambient humidity is low, static electricity is easily generated in the fibers. Spraying the antistatic agent helps to suppress static electricity generation.

In the embodiment, in the process of primary opening of the fibers, feeding and stopping feeding are performed in a circulating mode, wherein the feeding operation time is 3-5 s, and the feeding stopping time is 3-5 s, so that the risk of cotton blockage is reduced.

Referring to fig. 4, after the initial opening, the step S12 is performed to transfer the fiber along a second predetermined path through the first transfer path, and the fiber is finely opened by the roller device 300.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the roller device 300 includes a feeding roller 310 and an opening roller 320, which are respectively disposed on the second predetermined path.

The feed roll 310 is adapted to convey the fibers to the opening roll 320, and the opening roll 320 is adapted to finely open the fibers to decompose the fasciculate fibers into single fibers and remove fine impurities remained in the fibers, so that the single fibers are fully mixed.

In this embodiment, in order to prevent the broken carding nails 211 or the needle teeth 222 from being mixed into the fibers and avoid other metal impurities from being mixed into the fibers, after the initial opening and before the fine opening, the method further includes: and carrying out first metal impurity detection on the fiber.

In this embodiment, the periphery of the opening roller 320 is provided with an arc-shaped plate 330, a plurality of carding teeth (not shown in the figure) are arranged on the surface of the arc-shaped plate 330 facing the opening roller 320, and a gap between the arc-shaped plate 330 and the opening roller 320 is 1mm to 1.5mm, so as to ensure the effect of the carding teeth on the fibers passing through the gap.

In this embodiment, the first conveying pipeline conveys the fibers by means of wind power generated by a fan 700, the speed of the fan 700 is 1800 rpm-2000 rpm, and the risk of cotton blockage is reduced while the fiber opening effect is ensured.

In this example, the opening roll 320 speed was 1500rpm to 1800rpm, and fiber bulk was improved and fiber damage was reduced.

In the embodiment, the speed of the cotton feeding roller 310 is 5m/min to 7m/min, so that on one hand, sufficient fiber supply at the cotton opening roller 320 is ensured; on the other hand, the risk of jamming at the opening roll 320 is reduced.

In the embodiment, in order to reduce the risk of cotton blockage, the feeding and the stopping of the feeding are circularly carried out in the fine opening process of the fibers, wherein the feeding operation time is 3-5 s, and the feeding stopping time is 3-5 s.

After the fine opening, step S13 is performed to bale the fibers.

In this embodiment, in order to clear away in time the metal impurities that fibre probably introduced in the fine process of opening, the fine back of opening, and before the packing, still include: and carrying out second metal impurity detection on the fiber.

The fiber opening method can obtain the filling power of 550in³/30g～570in³30g of fibres.

In conclusion, the fiber opening method is beneficial to improving the fiber filling power, removing impurities and ensuring that the fibers are uniformly mixed. The fiber is used for the clothing filling material, and has good fluffiness, so that the fiber can play a good warm-keeping effect.

Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fiber opening system, comprising:

the initial opening assembly comprises an inclined nail curtain and a beater, the inclined nail curtain conveys fibers along a first preset path, the beater is arranged on the first preset path and is in contact with the surface of the inclined nail curtain, the surface of the inclined nail curtain is provided with a plurality of carding nails, and the beater comprises a roller and a plurality of needle teeth arranged on the surface of the roller;

the roller device is connected with the primary opening assembly through a first conveying pipeline, the first conveying pipeline conveys the fibers along a second preset path, and the roller device comprises a cotton feeding roller and a cotton opening roller which are arranged on the second preset path in a front-back mode;

and the packer is connected with the roller device through a second conveying pipeline.

2. The fiber opening system of claim 1, further comprising: and the first metal detector is arranged on the first conveying pipeline and is positioned between the initial opening assembly and the roller device.

3. The fiber opening system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: and the second metal detector is arranged on the second conveying pipeline.

4. The fiber opening system of claim 1, further comprising: the fan is arranged on the second conveying pipeline, the first conveying pipeline is communicated with the second conveying pipeline, and the fan is suitable for conveying wind power into the first conveying pipeline and the second conveying pipeline.

5. The fiber opening system of claim 1, wherein the roller assembly further comprises:

a first motor;

the first rotating wheel is arranged on a motor shaft of the first motor;

the first annular belt is sleeved on the first rotating wheel and the outer peripheral surface of the cotton feeding roller.

6. The fiber opening system of claim 5, wherein the roller assembly further comprises:

the rotating shaft is fixedly arranged on the center of the cotton feeding roller;

the second rotating wheel is arranged close to the cotton feeding roller;

the second annular belt is sleeved on the second rotating wheel and the rotating shaft;

the cotton returning roller part, the outer surface of the cotton returning roller part is in surface contact with the second annular belt, and the second annular belt drives the cotton returning roller part to rotate.

7. The fiber opening system of claim 6, wherein the outer surface of the cotton return roller member has a plurality of carding wires.

8. The fiber opening system of claim 1, wherein the primary opening assembly further comprises:

a conveyor belt adapted to convey fibers to the slanted curtain of staples.

9. The fiber opening system of claim 8, wherein the primary opening assembly further comprises:

the conveying belt is sleeved on the third rotating wheel and the fourth rotating wheel;

the fifth rotating wheel is arranged on the output end, the inclined nail curtain is encircled to form a ring shape, and the inclined nail curtain is sleeved on the fourth rotating wheel and the fifth rotating wheel.