CN213684262U - Energy efficiency improving device of low-pressure running liquid air energy storage system - Google Patents
Energy efficiency improving device of low-pressure running liquid air energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN213684262U CN213684262U CN202022392660.2U CN202022392660U CN213684262U CN 213684262 U CN213684262 U CN 213684262U CN 202022392660 U CN202022392660 U CN 202022392660U CN 213684262 U CN213684262 U CN 213684262U
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
- F25J2260/30—Integration in an installation using renewable energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses an energy efficiency improving device of a liquid air energy storage system operating at low pressure, which comprises a low-pressure air liquefaction circulation loop and a low-pressure air power generation circulation loop, wherein the low-pressure air liquefaction circulation loop is used for reducing the pressure and liquefying the ambient air at the electricity consumption valley period and storing the ambient air; the low pressure air power generation cycle is used to pressurize and heat the liquefied air during peak demand periods, and then to provide it to the air turbine generator for expansion power generation. The utility model discloses can be on the basis of guaranteeing higher round trip efficiency and electricity generation specific energy, reduce liquid air energy storage system charging and discharge operating pressure to 0.12-3MPa, compare with traditional liquid air energy storage 6-12 MPa's operating pressure and obtained showing and descend, but the investment cost of greatly reduced system is favorable to the popularization of the liquid air energy storage system of little scale.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a novel liquid air energy storage system is a device that can realize high-efficient and low pressure operation of liquid air energy storage system, belongs to the technical field of liquid air energy storage, refrigeration, cold storage, renewable energy and turbine expansion electricity generation.
Background
With the development of a plurality of intermittent renewable energy technologies such as wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy and the like, the development of a large-scale energy storage technology becomes more important. The liquid air energy storage technology is a cryogenic energy storage technology which utilizes liquid air or liquid nitrogen as an energy storage medium. In the electricity consumption valley period, the liquefaction cycle of the liquid air energy storage system works: the air or nitrogen liquefaction cycle is driven by consuming surplus electric power, and the electric energy is stored in the form of liquid air or nitrogen. During the peak period of electricity utilization, the power generation cycle of the liquid air energy storage system works: the stored liquid air or nitrogen drives an air turbine generator to generate electricity after being pressurized, vaporized and heated. Compared with other energy storage modes such as battery energy storage, pumped storage, compressed air energy storage and the like, in recent years, the liquid air energy storage technology has attracted attention and developed due to the advantages of large energy storage capacity, high energy density, no geographical condition restriction on construction, high power generation response speed and the like.
However, in order to improve the round trip efficiency of the system, the operating pressure of the existing liquid air energy storage system is high. In the current research, the working pressure of the liquefaction cycle and the power generation cycle in the liquid air energy storage system is generally 6-12 MPa. The overhigh system operation pressure not only increases the potential safety hazard in the operation process, but also requires main power equipment such as an air compressor, a cryogenic pump, an air turbine generator and the like to operate at high pressure for a long time, thereby causing exponential increase of investment cost and shortening of service life. The higher investment cost further limits the application and popularization of the small-scale liquid air energy storage system. In addition, in the conventional liquid air energy storage system, in order to improve the reciprocating efficiency, both the compression heat recovery of the compressor and the residual cold recovery device of the liquid air are complex, and the miniaturization of the system is further limited.
Therefore, the liquid air energy storage system of low pressure operation is urgently needed, on the basis of guaranteeing the higher round trip efficiency of liquid air energy storage system, the operating pressure of system is effectively reduced, the design and the device of system are simplified, this to improving the security performance of whole system, increase life, reduce system investment cost, the application scenario of extension liquid air energy storage system, it all has important meaning to increase social economic benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The wide demand to current society to liquid air energy storage system low pressure operation, the utility model provides a liquid air energy storage system efficiency hoisting device of low pressure operation, the device have realized liquid air high-quality cold energy and have retrieved and utilize in grades through phase transition cold storage heat exchanger and sensible heat cold storage heat exchanger, have effectively reduced the power consumption of the compressor in the liquefaction circulation to retrieve and utilize solar heat energy to improve the generating energy ratio energy of system through solar collector, be a high-efficient reasonable low pressure liquid air energy storage system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the energy efficiency improving device of the liquid air energy storage system running at low pressure comprises a low-pressure air liquefaction circulation loop and a low-pressure air power generation circulation loop, wherein the low-pressure air liquefaction circulation loop is used for reducing the pressure of ambient air, liquefying the ambient air and storing the ambient air at the electricity consumption valley period; the low pressure air power generation cycle is used to pressurize and heat the liquefied air during peak periods of electricity usage, and then to provide it to the air turbine generator for expansion power generation.
Further, the low pressure air liquefaction cycle includes: an air/sensible heat storage cold material heat exchanger, an air compressor, an air/phase change storage cold material heat exchanger, a low temperature turbine, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid air storage tank, and a liquid air supply, and configured to: air is pre-cooled by the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger, enters the air compressor, is pressurized by the air compressor, is further cooled by the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger, enters the low-temperature turbine for expansion and pressure reduction, is separated by the gas-liquid separator to obtain liquid air, and is stored in the liquid air storage tank; the gaseous air separated from the gas-liquid separator is returned to the air compressor; the liquid air supply device is connected with the liquid air storage tank and used for supplying liquid air under the condition that the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank is insufficient.
Furthermore, the liquid air supply device is air separation equipment, a small storage tank for liquid products or gas condensation liquefaction equipment.
Further, the low-pressure air liquefaction circulating loop can adopt air or nitrogen working medium.
Further, the low pressure air power generation circulation circuit includes: a cryogenic pump, an air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger, an air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger, a conduction oil circulation pump, a solar collector, an air/conduction fluid heat exchanger, an embedded heater and an air turbine generator and configured to:
liquid air output from the liquid air storage tank is pressurized by the cryogenic pump, and sequentially enters the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger and the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger to release high-grade cold energy, and is heated by the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger and the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger, wherein the high-grade cold energy is mainly stored in the form of latent heat in the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger, and is mainly stored in the form of sensible heat in the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger; the air/heat-conducting fluid heat exchanger is connected with the solar heat collector and the heat-conducting fluid circulating pump to form a heat-conducting loop, pressurized air output by the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger enters the air/heat-conducting fluid heat exchanger, is heated by the heat-conducting fluid and then enters the embedded heater to be further heated to high temperature, and then enters the air turbine generator to be expanded and generate power.
Furthermore, a heat exchange structure in the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger is filled with a sensible heat cold storage material and a performance enhancing material, the working temperature of the heat exchange structure is 85K to 323K, and the mass ratio of the performance enhancing material to the sensible heat cold storage material is (0.1-50): (99.9-50); the heat exchange structure in the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger is filled with a phase change cold storage material and a performance enhancing material, the working temperature of the heat exchange structure is 70K to 100K, and the mass ratio of the performance enhancing material to the sensible heat cold storage material is (0.1-50): (99.9-50).
The sensible heat cold storage material can be one of water, eutectic salt water solution, sand, gravel, pebbles, concrete, metal and metal oxide or a mixture of the water, the eutectic salt water solution and the sand in any proportion; the phase-change cold storage material can be eutectic salt aqueous solution with the molecular formula of CnH2nKetones of O, formula CnH2n+2One or a mixture of alkanes of (a); the performance enhancing material is one or any proportion of graphite, graphene, expanded graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, aluminum and copper.
Further, the heat-conducting fluid is one of a liquid (water, ethylene glycol, heat-conducting silicone oil, propylene glycol, nettle oil, liquid ammonia, and/or any proportion combination thereof), a gas (air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, sulfur hexafluoride, and/or any proportion combination thereof), and a two-phase fluid (gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid-liquid, liquid-solid) which is combined in any proportion.
Further, the air turbine generator may be an isothermal expansion generator or an adiabatic expansion generator.
Preferably, the outlet pressure range of the air compressor and the cryogenic pump is 0.12-3MPa, and the outlet pressure of the air compressor is greater than or equal to the outlet pressure of the cryogenic pump.
Preferably, the amount of liquid air supplied to the liquid air storage tank by the liquid air supply device is equal to the amount of gaseous air separated from the gas-liquid separator.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
1) the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger and the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger realize the efficient recovery, storage and reutilization of cold energy of liquid air, and the appropriate amount of liquid air supplied to the system by the liquid air supply device ensures that the cold energy of an air liquefaction circulation loop is sufficient and higher liquefaction rate is realized under a low-pressure environment (0.12-3MPa), the operating pressure of the liquid air energy storage device in the charging and discharging processes is obviously reduced, and the safety and reliability of the liquid air energy storage system are improved.
2) The utility model discloses a low pressure operation (0.12-3MPa) condition can simplify system design to showing the investment cost who reduces key power equipment among the liquid air energy storage system and improving its life, being favorable to liquid air energy storage system to popularize and use in the scene is used to little scale.
3) The utility model discloses can carry out the precooling through air/sensible heat cold-storage material heat exchanger to the air that gets into air compressor at the air liquefaction circulation stage, show the compression power consumption that has reduced air compressor.
4) The utility model discloses can be in the air power generation circulation stage, through utilizing the solar thermal energy of low-grade, the electricity generation specific energy that promotes liquid air energy storage system is showing and comes and goes efficiency, is favorable to promoting liquid air energy storage system and renewable energy's integration.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy efficiency improving device of a liquid air energy storage system operating at low pressure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of specific work generated by the embodiment of FIG. 1 using an adiabatic expansion generator;
FIG. 3 is the specific work of power generation for the embodiment of FIG. 1 when using an isothermal expansion generator;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the liquid air supply apparatus of the embodiment of FIG. 1 when it is a large air separation plant already existing in an iron works;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the liquid air supply assembly of FIG. 1 in the form of a small tank for purchased liquid product;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the liquid air supply apparatus of the embodiment of FIG. 1 as a small-sized gas condensing and liquefying apparatus;
description of reference numerals:
101-air compressor, 102-low temperature turbine, 103-gas-liquid separator, 104-liquid air storage tank, 105-liquid air supply device, 201-cryogenic pump, 202-air/heat-conducting fluid heat exchanger, 203-solar heat collector, 204-heat-conducting oil circulating pump, 205-embedded heater, 206-air turbine generator, 300-air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger, 400-air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy efficiency improving apparatus of the low-pressure operating liquid air energy storage system of the present embodiment operates according to the following steps:
the low-pressure air liquefaction circulation loop works in the electricity consumption valley period: after the ambient air is purified, the ambient air enters the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger 300 for precooling; the precooled air is mixed with the gaseous air separated from the gas-liquid separator 103 and then enters the air compressor 101 for pressurization; the pressurized air at the outlet of the air compressor 101 is further cooled to low temperature through an air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger 400, enters a low-temperature turbine 102 for expansion and pressure reduction, is separated through a gas-liquid separator 103 to obtain liquid air, and is stored in a liquid air storage tank 104; at the same time, liquid air supply device 105 will supply a certain amount of liquid air to liquid air storage tank 104; the liquid air make-up device 105 supplies an amount of liquid air to the liquid air storage tank 104 equal to the amount of gaseous air separated from the gas-liquid separator 102.
The liquid air supply 105 may be an air separation plant, a liquid product storage tank, or a gas condensing liquefaction plant.
During the peak period of power utilization, the low-pressure air power generation circulation loop works: liquid air at the outlet of the liquid air storage tank 104 is pressurized to a certain pressure by the cryogenic pump 201, and then sequentially enters the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger 400 and the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger 300 to release high-grade cold energy, and meanwhile, the phase change cold storage material in the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger 400 and the sensible heat cold storage material in the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger 300 store the high-grade cold energy in a grading manner; in the daytime, the heat-conducting fluid enters the solar heat collector 203 through the heat-conducting oil circulating pump 204 to store solar heat energy, and then enters the air/heat-conducting fluid heat exchanger 202 to heat pressurized air at the outlet of the air/phase-change cold-storage material heat exchanger 400; at night, the solar heat collector 203 cannot collect heat energy, the heat conducting oil circulating pump 204 stops working, and the temperature of air passing through the air/heat conducting fluid heat exchanger 202 is kept unchanged; the air at the outlet of the air/heat transfer fluid heat exchanger 202 enters the embedded heater 205, is further heated to a high temperature, and then enters the air turbine generator 206 to be expanded and generate power.
The solar heat collector 203 and the conduction oil circulating pump 204 only work in the peak electricity utilization period in the daytime; the embedded heater 205 may operate during peak electricity usage periods throughout the day; the solar heat collector 203 and the embedded heater 205 can heat air to high temperature, so that the power generation specific energy of the system is improved; the activation and deactivation of the solar collector 203 and the embedded heater 205, as well as the operating temperature, may be adjusted according to the specific power requirements.
The outlet pressure of the air compressor 101 and the cryogenic pump 201 is in the range of 0.12-3MPa, and it is necessary to ensure that the outlet pressure of the air compressor 101 is greater than or equal to the outlet pressure of the cryogenic pump 201.
The air turbine generator 206 may employ an isothermal expansion generator or an adiabatic expansion generator. Fig. 2 shows the power generation ratio work under different generator inlet air temperature and generator air expansion ratio conditions when the air turbine generator 206 is an adiabatic expansion generator in the liquid air energy storage system energy efficiency improving apparatus for low-pressure operation shown in fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the power generation ratio work under different conditions of the air inlet air temperature and the air expansion ratio of the generator when the air turbine generator 206 is an isothermal expansion generator in the energy efficiency improving apparatus of the liquid air energy storage system operating at low pressure shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a first embodiment of the energy efficiency improving apparatus of the low-pressure operating liquid air energy storage system shown in fig. 1, which is configured with an existing iron works, and the liquid air supply apparatus 105 is an existing air-separation device in the iron works. The steel plant generally builds supporting air separation plant and supplies the needs of self factory to use, in order to guarantee abundant supply, air separation plant's capacity can be more than the factory needs gas volume surplus, and this part product generally can be produced with the form of liquid product, and partly is as emergent deposit, and the remainder can be directly to marketing. The purity of liquid products in steel plants is general, and the sale condition is not good. Therefore, a set of small liquid air energy storage system operating at low pressure can be invested and constructed near the air separation equipment of a steel plant, and the problems of surplus liquid products and market sales are solved. Specifically, the liquefied product output of the large air separation plant 105 is connected to the lower left input of the liquefied air storage tank 104 to replenish the liquefied air storage tank 104 with liquefied product.
Assuming that a set of low-voltage running liquid air energy storage system with energy storage capacity of 1MWh is built in an existing steel plant, excess liquid products of in-plant air-conditioning equipment are used as liquid air supply of the low-voltage running liquid air energy storage system energy efficiency improving device, an isothermal expansion generator is adopted in a low-voltage air power generation cycle, the temperature of air at the inlet of the generator is set to be 400K, and the electricity price adopts Jiangsu labor-saving power utilization electricity price (shown in table 1). In the electricity consumption valley period (8 hours/day), the low-pressure air is liquefied and circularly operated, in the electricity consumption peak period (8 hours/day), the low-pressure air is used for generating electricity and circularly operated, and the operation condition and the system performance are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 approximate price of electricity for large industrial users in Jiangsu province
Table 2 figure 4 system performance parameters
Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of the energy efficiency improving apparatus of the low-pressure-operated liquid air energy storage system shown in fig. 1, wherein the liquid air supplying apparatus 105 is a liquid product storage tank (liquid nitrogen or liquid air) directly purchased from the market. Specifically, the right side output of the liquefied product tank 105 is connected to the left side input of the liquefied air tank 104 to replenish the liquefied air tank 104 with liquefied product.
Fig. 6 is a third embodiment of the energy efficiency improving apparatus of the liquid air energy storage system operating at low pressure shown in fig. 1, wherein the liquid air supply device 105 is a gas condensation liquefying device. Specifically, the right output end of the gas condensing and liquefying device 105 is connected with the left lower input end of the liquid air storage tank 104, and supplies liquid products to the liquid air storage tank 104. The gas condensing and liquefying equipment is operated only in the electricity consumption valley period to produce liquid products.
The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the present invention is not limited to the technical means disclosed by the above embodiments, but also includes the technical scheme formed by the arbitrary combination of the above technical features.
Claims (9)
1. The energy efficiency improving device of the liquid air energy storage system running at low pressure is characterized by comprising a low-pressure air liquefaction circulation loop and a low-pressure air power generation circulation loop, wherein the low-pressure air liquefaction circulation loop is used for reducing the pressure of ambient air, liquefying the ambient air and storing the ambient air in a power utilization valley period; the low-pressure air power generation circulation loop is used for pressurizing and heating liquefied air during peak electricity utilization period and then providing the liquefied air for the air turbine generator to generate power through expansion.
2. The liquid air energy storage system energy efficiency improving device according to claim 1, wherein the low-pressure air liquefaction circulation loop comprises: an air/sensible heat storage cold material heat exchanger, an air compressor, an air/phase change storage cold material heat exchanger, a low temperature turbine, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid air storage tank, and a liquid air supply, and configured to:
air is pre-cooled by the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger, enters the air compressor, is pressurized by the air compressor, is further cooled by the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger, enters the low-temperature turbine for expansion and pressure reduction, is separated by the gas-liquid separator to obtain liquid air, and is stored in the liquid air storage tank; the gaseous air separated from the gas-liquid separator is returned to the air compressor; the liquid air supply device is connected with the liquid air storage tank and used for supplying liquid air under the condition that the liquid air in the liquid air storage tank is insufficient.
3. The liquid air energy storage system energy efficiency improving device according to claim 2, wherein the low-pressure air power generation circulation loop comprises: a cryogenic pump, an air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger, an air/sensible cold storage material heat exchanger, a heat transfer fluid circulation pump, a solar thermal collector, an air/heat transfer fluid heat exchanger, an embedded heater and an air turbine generator and configured to:
liquid air output from the liquid air storage tank is pressurized by the cryogenic pump, and sequentially enters the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger and the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger to release high-grade cold energy, and is heated by the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger and the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger, wherein the high-grade cold energy is mainly stored in the form of latent heat in the air/phase change cold storage material heat exchanger, and is mainly stored in the form of sensible heat in the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger; the air/heat-conducting fluid heat exchanger is connected with the solar heat collector and the heat-conducting fluid circulating pump to form a heat-conducting loop, pressurized air output by the air/sensible heat cold storage material heat exchanger enters the air/heat-conducting fluid heat exchanger, is heated by the heat-conducting fluid and then enters the embedded heater to be further heated to high temperature, and then enters the air turbine generator to be expanded and generate power.
4. The energy efficiency improving device for the liquid air energy storage system according to claim 2, wherein the liquid air supply device is an air separation device, a small liquid product storage tank or a gas condensation liquefaction device.
5. The energy efficiency improving device for the liquid air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the low-pressure air liquefaction circulating loop adopts air or nitrogen working medium.
6. The liquid air energy storage system energy efficiency improving device according to claim 3, wherein the heat transfer fluid is one of liquid, gas or two-phase fluid combined in any proportion.
7. The liquid air energy storage system energy efficiency improving device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the air turbine generator is an isothermal expansion generator or an adiabatic expansion generator.
8. The liquid air energy storage system energy efficiency improving device according to claim 3, wherein the outlet pressure of the air compressor and the outlet pressure of the cryogenic pump are both in the range of 0.12-3MPa, and the outlet pressure of the air compressor is greater than or equal to the outlet pressure of the cryogenic pump.
9. The liquid air energy storage system energy efficiency improving device according to claim 3, wherein the liquid air replenishing device replenishes the liquid air storage tank with an amount of liquid air equal to the amount of gaseous air separated from the gas-liquid separator.
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| CN112282881A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-29 | 丁玉龙 | Energy efficiency improving device of low-pressure running liquid air energy storage system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112282881A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-29 | 丁玉龙 | Energy efficiency improving device of low-pressure running liquid air energy storage system |
| CN112282881B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-12-27 | 丁玉龙 | Energy efficiency improving device of liquid air energy storage system operating at low pressure |
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