CN213662483U

CN213662483U - Harvesting device of small-size potato for irregular mountain region

Info

Publication number: CN213662483U
Application number: CN202022418814.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钱彩霞; 钱成明; 陈吉昆; 陈建林; 周金娥
Original assignee: Qujing Agricultural Technology Center
Current assignee: Qujing Agricultural Technology Center
Priority date: 2020-10-27
Filing date: 2020-10-27
Publication date: 2021-07-13
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-27

Abstract

The utility model discloses a harvesting device for small potatoes used in irregular mountainous regions, which comprises a frame, an excavating mechanism and an earth separating mechanism, wherein the frame comprises a top frame, a bottom frame, wheels, side plates and side plates; the soil separation mechanism comprises a first motor, a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft, wherein two ends of the first rotating shaft and two ends of the second rotating shaft are symmetrically sleeved with conveying belts, and a plurality of sieve rods are arranged between the two conveying belts; the excavating mechanism comprises a mounting plate, a plough shovel, an elastic material guide plate, a second motor, a semicircular gear and an arc gear, a lead screw is mounted on the mounting plate, a sliding block is mounted on the lead screw, a lifting plate is mounted on the sliding block, a shovel frame is mounted at the bottom of a movable rod of the lower portion of the lifting plate, the arc gear is mounted at one end of the plough shovel, the semicircular gear is meshed with the semicircular gear and mounted on one side of the semicircular gear, a connecting rod is mounted at the plane end of the semicircular gear, and a lifting cylinder is mounted between. The device has the advantages of reasonable structure, convenient operation, time and labor saving, strong applicability and thorough potato-soil separation.

Description

Harvesting device of small-size potato for irregular mountain region

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural machine, concretely relates to harvesting apparatus of small-size potato is used in irregular mountain region.

Background

The potato is also called as ground egg, potato, yam, etc., and is the tuber of solanaceae plant. The product can be combined with wheat, rice, corn and sorghum to form five crops in the world. Potatoes are native to the andes mountain area in south america, and the history of artificial cultivation dates back to the south region of peru from 8000 to 5000 years before the first yen. The main production countries of potatoes are China, Russia, India, Ukrainian, America and the like. China is the country with the most total production of potatoes in the world. The potato harvesting mode mainly comprises a manual digging mode and a harvester harvesting mode, in order to improve the harvesting efficiency, the potato is dug mostly by adopting the harvester digging mode at present, the harvesting process mainly comprises the working procedures of digging, potato-soil separation and the like, but the current harvester is mostly suitable for flat land, when the mountain land is dug and harvested, as the mountain land is mostly uneven slope-shaped terrain, the digging depth and angle of a plough shovel can not be adjusted in the using process, time and labor are wasted during digging, the applicability of the harvesting device is poor, the potatoes are easily scratched or incompletely dug, and further the appearance quality of the potatoes is influenced or unnecessary waste is caused; secondly, the dug potatoes and soil are conveyed by an inclined conveyor belt, so that the potato and soil cannot be thoroughly separated. Therefore, the research and development of the harvesting device for the small potatoes in the irregular mountainous regions, which has the advantages of reasonable structural design, convenient operation, time and labor conservation, and capability of improving the applicability of the device and realizing the thorough separation of the potato and the soil, is objectively needed.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the utility model is to provide a structural design is reasonable, convenient operation, labour saving and time saving, can improve the suitability of device, can realize again that potato soil thoroughly separates the harvesting apparatus of small-size potato is used in irregular mountain region.

The utility model aims at realizing the purposes, which comprises a frame, an excavating mechanism and an earth separating mechanism, wherein the frame comprises a top frame, a bottom frame and wheels, the top frame and the bottom frame are arranged symmetrically up and down, the wheels are arranged below the bottom frame, one end between the top frame and the bottom frame is a closed end after being closed by a side plate, the other end is an open end, side plates are arranged on two sides between the top frame and the bottom frame, and a traction frame is arranged on the top frame above the open end; the soil separating mechanism comprises a first motor, a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are symmetrically arranged, two ends of the first rotating shaft and two ends of the second rotating shaft are rotatably installed on the side plates, the first motor is installed at one end of the first rotating shaft, two ends of the first rotating shaft and two ends of the second rotating shaft between the two side plates are symmetrically sleeved with conveying belts, a plurality of sieve rods are installed between the two conveying belts, a material receiving groove is arranged between a bottom frame located below the first rotating shaft and the two side plates, and a collecting door is installed on the side plate on one side of the material receiving groove;

the excavating mechanism is arranged at the opening end and comprises a plough shovel, an elastic material guide plate, a second motor, a semicircular gear and an arc gear, a mounting plate is arranged above the top frame, a mounting groove is processed on one side of the mounting plate along the vertical direction of the mounting plate, a lead screw is vertically arranged in the mounting groove, the second motor is in transmission connection with the upper end of the lead screw, a sliding block is screwed on the lead screw, a lifting plate is horizontally arranged on one side of the sliding block, movable rods are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the lower part of the lifting plate, the lower end of each movable rod penetrates through the lower parts of the two sides of the two conveyor belts, a shovel frame is fixedly arranged at the bottom of each movable rod, the upper end of each elastic material guide plate is positioned between the two side plates above the second rotating shaft, the lower end of each elastic material guide plate is hinged and connected with the upper end of the plough shovel, the arc, the both ends of first loose axle are rotated and are installed first connecting plate, and first connecting plate is installed on the shovel frame, and the one side at the arc gear is installed in the meshing of semicircle gear, and the plane end horizontal installation of semicircle gear has the connecting rod, and it has the second loose axle to wear to change on the connecting rod, and the both ends of second loose axle are rotated and are installed the second connecting plate, and the second connecting plate is installed on the shovel frame, installs the lift cylinder at the top of keeping away from semicircle gear on the connecting rod, and the lift cylinder is installed on the shovel frame.

Further, install 2 at least earth dispersion mechanisms of group on the top frame of earth separating mechanism top, earth dispersion mechanism includes the third motor, central pivot and two direction davits, two direction davits symmetry sets up, the upper end fixed mounting of direction davit is on the top frame between the board of both sides, the mid-mounting of every direction davit has the riser, the lower part of installing between two direction davits is rotated in the central pivot, the fixed disk is installed to the both ends symmetry of the central pivot between two direction davits, many depression bars are installed to the circumference equipartition between two fixed disks, the crisscross polylith briquetting that is provided with on the outer wall of depression bar.

Furthermore, a rubber pad is arranged on the upper surface of the elastic material guide plate.

Furthermore, the sieve rods are uniformly distributed between the two conveyor belts at equal intervals.

Further, what the sideboard was inclined installs row miscellaneous section of thick bamboo, arranges and installs row miscellaneous fan in the miscellaneous section of thick bamboo, arrange the lower one end of miscellaneous section of thick bamboo and be located first pivot and receive the space department between the silo.

Furthermore, a limiting rod is slidably mounted on one end, away from the sliding block, of the lifting plate, scales are arranged on the limiting rod, the upper end of the limiting rod is connected with the mounting plate through a fixing plate, and a limiting block is arranged at the lower end of the limiting rod.

Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages that: firstly, the first motor and the lead screw drive the sliding block, the lifting plate, the movable rod and the shovel frame to ascend or descend, the depth of the shovel frame can be adjusted, and then the problem that the digging angle of the plough shovel can be adjusted can be solved by the up-and-down movement of the lifting cylinder through the meshing arrangement of the arc gear and the semicircular gear; secondly, the plough shovel inserts the underground and shovels out the potato together with earth to pass to on the sieve pole through the elasticity stock guide, the sieve pole removes under the effect of conveyer belt, and carries the potato, has the clearance between the sieve pole, can get rid of the earth that mix with in the potato, and the potato after clearing away earth gets into in the collecting tank under the conveying effect of conveyer belt, and after the collecting tank was filled up to the results a period of time, open the door of gathering, can gather the operation once more after pouring out the potato in the collecting tank. The potato soil separation device has the advantages of reasonable structural design, convenience in operation, time and labor saving, capability of improving the applicability of the device and realizing thorough separation of potato soil, and easiness in popularization and use.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the soil separating mechanism 7 and the frame of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the soil dispersing mechanism 8;

in the figure, 1-wheel, 2-bottom frame, 3-side plate, 4-trash can, 41-trash fan, 5-top frame, 6-side plate, 7-soil separating mechanism, 71-first motor, 72-first rotating shaft, 73-conveyor belt, 74-sieve rod, 75-second rotating shaft, 8-soil dispersing mechanism, 81-lifter, 82-guide hanging column, 83-fixed plate, 84-central rotating shaft, 85-pressure rod, 86-pressure block, 87-third motor, 9-mounting plate, 10-lead screw, 11-slide block, 12-second motor, 13-lifting plate, 14-limiting rod, 15-movable rod, 16-traction frame, 17-elastic guide plate, 18-plough shovel, 19-arc gear, 20-semicircular gear, 21-connecting rod, 22-lifting cylinder, 23-harvesting door, 24-harvesting groove and 25-shovel frame.

Detailed Description

The following further describes the present invention with reference to the attached drawings, but the present invention is not limited in any way, and any changes or improvements based on the teaching of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the utility model discloses a frame, excavation mechanism and earth separating mechanism 7, the frame includes top frame 5, bottom frame 2 and wheel 1, top frame 5 and bottom frame 2 are symmetry setting from top to bottom, and top frame 5 and bottom frame 2 adopt channel-section steel or I-steel preparation, wheel 1 installs in the below of bottom frame 2, and the connection structure of wheel 1 and bottom frame 2 is prior art, one end between top frame 5 and bottom frame 2 is airtight end after sealing through sideboard 3, other end opening end, curb plate 6 is all installed to both sides between top frame 5 and bottom frame 2, installs traction frame 16 on top frame 5 above the opening end;

the soil separating mechanism 7 comprises a first motor 71, a first rotating shaft 72 and a second rotating shaft 75, the first motor is 1 in the prior art, the first rotating shaft 72 and the second rotating shaft 75 are symmetrically arranged, two ends of the first rotating shaft 72 and two ends of the second rotating shaft 75 are rotatably mounted on the side plates 6, the first motor 71 is mounted at one end of the first rotating shaft 72, conveying belts 73 are symmetrically sleeved at two ends of the first rotating shaft 72 and the second rotating shaft 75 between the two side plates 6, a plurality of sieve rods 74 are mounted between the two conveying belts 73, a collecting groove 24 is arranged between the bottom frame 2 and the two side plates 6 below the first rotating shaft 72, a collecting door 23 is mounted on the side plate 6 at one side of the collecting groove 24, and the first motor 71 drives the first rotating shaft 72 to rotate so as to drive the second rotating shaft 75 and the conveying belts 73 to rotate;

the excavating mechanism is arranged at an open end, the excavating mechanism comprises a plow blade 18, an elastic guide plate 17, a second motor 12, a semicircular gear 20 and an arc gear 19, the second motor 12 is in the prior art, a mounting plate 9 is arranged above the top frame 5, a mounting groove is processed along the vertical direction of the mounting plate 9 on one side of the mounting plate 9, a lead screw 10 is vertically arranged in the mounting groove, the second motor 12 is connected with the upper end of the lead screw 10 in a transmission way, a sliding block 11 is screwed on the lead screw 10, a lifting plate 13 is horizontally arranged on one side of the sliding block 11, movable rods 15 are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the lower part of the lifting plate 13, the lower ends of the movable rods 15 are arranged below two sides of the conveying belt 73 in a penetrating way, a shovel frame 25 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the movable rods 15, the upper end of the elastic guide plate 17 is arranged between two side plates 6 above a, the lower extreme of elasticity stock guide 17 is connected with the upper end of plough shovel 18 is articulated, 19 fixed mounting of curved gear is back to the one end of 18 shovel mouths of plough shovel, it has first loose axle to wear to change on the curved gear 19, the both ends of first loose axle are rotated and are installed first connecting plate, first connecting plate is installed on shovel frame 25, the one side at curved gear 19 is installed in the meshing of semicircular gear 20, semicircular gear 20's plane end horizontal installation has connecting rod 21, it has the second loose axle to wear to change on the connecting rod 21, the both ends of second loose axle are rotated and are installed the second connecting plate, the second connecting plate is installed on shovel frame 25, lift cylinder 22 is installed at the top of keeping away from semicircular gear 20 on connecting rod 21, lift cylinder 22 installs on shovel frame 25.

The working principle of the device is as follows: firstly, a traction mechanism is arranged on a traction frame 16, power is provided by agricultural traction machinery such as a tractor and the like, then a second motor 12 is started, the second motor 12 drives a screw rod 10 to rotate, when the screw rod 10 rotates, a slide block 11 drives a lifting plate 13 to move up and down along the screw rod 10, so that the lifting plate 13 drives a shovel frame 25 to move up and down through a movable rod 15, the depth of the shovel frame 25 can be adjusted, at the moment, a lifting cylinder 22 is started, the lifting cylinder 22 drives a connecting rod 21 to rotate along a second movable shaft, further, a semicircular gear 20 is driven to rotate in an arc shape by taking the second movable shaft as a center, further, an arc-shaped gear 19 is driven to drive a plough shovel 18 to adjust the angle along the first movable shaft, after the angle is adjusted to a required angle, the traction mechanism drives a device to integrally operate, the plough shovel 18 is inserted underground to shovel potatoes and soil together, and is transmitted to a sieve, sieve pole 74 removes under the effect of conveyer belt 73 to carry the potato, there is the clearance between the sieve pole 74, can get rid of the earth that is mingled with in the potato, the potato behind the earth of cleaing away gets into under the transport effect of conveyer belt 73 and receives in silo 24, and after gathering a period of time and receiving silo 24 and filling up, open and gather door 23, can carry out the effect of gathering again after pouring out the potato in receiving silo 24. This device both can realize ploughing 18 and excavate the problem of angularly adjustable, labour saving and time saving, the effectual suitability that strengthens harvesting device, thorough having avoided the potato scar to appear or having excavated the incomplete condition, guaranteed the appearance quality of results potato, can realize moreover that earth and potato quick, thoroughly separate, the effect of use is better.

Further, for the separation of earth and potato is more high-efficient, install 2 at least earth dispersion devices 8 of group on the top frame 5 of earth separation device 7 top, earth dispersion devices 8 includes third motor 87, central pivot 84 and two direction davits 82, and third motor 87 is prior art, and two direction davits 82 symmetry set up, the upper end fixed mounting of direction davit 82 is on the top frame 5 between both sides board 6, and the mid-mounting of every direction davit 82 has riser 81, and riser 81 can be hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder, central pivot 84 rotates the lower part of installing between two direction davits 82, and fixed disk 83 is installed to the both ends symmetry of central pivot 84 between two direction davits 82, and many depression bars 85 are installed to the circumference equipartition between two fixed disks 83, crisscross on depression bar 85's the outer wall and be provided with polylith briquetting 86, when the potatoes are moved to the lower part of the soil dispersing mechanism 8 on the sieve rod 74, the third motor 87 drives the central rotating shaft 84 to rotate, so that the pressing rod 85 and the pressing block 86 are driven to rotate, the pressing rod 85 and the pressing block 86 can roll large soil blocks possibly mixed in the potatoes, the soil is separated again after rolling, and the harvested potatoes are cleaner.

Further, in order to avoid damage of the excavated potatoes due to skin breakage in the conveying process of the elastic material guide plate 17, a rubber pad is mounted on the upper surface of the elastic material guide plate 17.

Further, in order to improve the efficiency of the soil separation, it is avoided that smaller potatoes fall again into the ground from the space between the screen bars 74, said screen bars 74 being evenly distributed at equal intervals between the two conveyor belts 73,

further, what incline on the sideboard 3 installs row miscellaneous section of thick bamboo 4, installs row miscellaneous fan 41 in row miscellaneous section of thick bamboo 4, row the lower one end of miscellaneous section of thick bamboo 4 is located the space department between first pivot 72 and the receipts silo 24, probably contains debris such as weeds, straw in the potato after the excavation, and after potato and earth separation, at the in-process that falls into and receive silo 24, open row miscellaneous fan 41, arrange miscellaneous fan 41 and can inhale row miscellaneous section of thick bamboo 4 with debris such as weeds, straw to the cleanliness factor of the collection of further improvement potato.

Further, in order to guarantee the stability of the lifting plate 13 in the ascending or descending process, sliding mounting has a limiting rod 14 on the lifting plate 13 in one end of keeping away from the slider 11, be provided with the scale on the limiting rod 14, utilize the scale can observe the size of 18 degree of depth regulations of plough shovel, the upper end of limiting rod 14 is passed through the fixed plate and is connected with mounting panel 9, the lower extreme of limiting rod 14 is provided with the stopper.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a harvesting apparatus of small-size potato for irregular mountain region, includes frame, excavation mechanism and earth separating mechanism (7), its characterized in that:

the frame comprises a top frame (5), a bottom frame (2) and wheels (1), wherein the top frame (5) and the bottom frame (2) are arranged in an up-down symmetrical mode, the wheels (1) are installed below the bottom frame (2), one end between the top frame (5) and the bottom frame (2) is a closed end after being closed through a side plate (3), the other end of the top frame is an open end, side plates (6) are installed on two sides between the top frame (5) and the bottom frame (2), and a traction frame (16) is installed on the top frame (5) above the open end;

the soil separating mechanism (7) comprises a first motor (71), a first rotating shaft (72) and a second rotating shaft (75), the first rotating shaft (72) and the second rotating shaft (75) are symmetrically arranged, two ends of the first rotating shaft (72) and two ends of the second rotating shaft (75) are rotatably mounted on the side plates (6), the first motor (71) is mounted at one end of the first rotating shaft (72), conveying belts (73) are symmetrically sleeved at two ends of the first rotating shaft (72) and the second rotating shaft (75) between the two side plates (6), a plurality of sieve rods (74) are mounted between the two conveying belts (73), a material receiving groove (24) is arranged between the bottom frame (2) below the first rotating shaft (72) and the two side plates (6), and a collecting door (23) is mounted on the side plate (6) at one side of the material receiving groove (24);

the digging mechanism is arranged at the open end, the digging mechanism comprises a plough shovel (18), an elastic material guide plate (17), a second motor (12), a semicircular gear (20) and an arc gear (19), a mounting plate (9) is installed above the top frame (5), a mounting groove is machined in one side of the mounting plate (9) along the vertical direction of the mounting plate (9), a lead screw (10) is vertically installed in the mounting groove, the second motor (12) is connected with the upper end of the lead screw (10) in a transmission manner, a sliding block (11) is screwed on the lead screw (10), a lifting plate (13) is horizontally installed on one side of the sliding block (11), movable rods (15) are symmetrically installed on the two sides of the lower portion of the lifting plate (13), the lower ends of the movable rods (15) penetrate through the lower portions of the two sides of the two conveying belts (73), and a shovel frame (25) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the movable rods (15, the upper end of elasticity stock guide (17) is located between both sides board (6) of second pivot (75) top, the lower extreme of elasticity stock guide (17) is connected with the upper end of plough shovel (18) is articulated, arc gear (19) fixed mounting is in the one end of plough shovel (18) shovel mouth dorsad, it has first loose axle to wear to change on arc gear (19), the both ends of first loose axle are rotated and are installed first connecting plate, first connecting plate is installed on shovel frame (25), semicircular gear (20) meshing is installed in one side of arc gear (19), the plane end horizontal installation of semicircular gear (20) has connecting rod (21), it has the second loose axle to wear to change on connecting rod (21), the both ends of second loose axle are rotated and are installed the second connecting plate, the second connecting plate is installed on shovel frame (25), lift cylinder (22) are installed at the top of keeping away from semicircular gear (20) on connecting rod (21), the lifting cylinder (22) is arranged on the shovel frame (25).

2. A harvesting device of small potatoes for irregular mountainous regions as set forth in claim 1, wherein: at least 2 groups of soil dispersing mechanisms (8) are arranged on the top frame (5) above the soil separating mechanism (7), the soil dispersing mechanism (8) comprises a third motor (87), a central rotating shaft (84) and two guide hanging columns (82), the two guide hanging columns (82) are symmetrically arranged, the upper ends of the guide suspension posts (82) are fixedly arranged on the top frame (5) between the two side plates (6), the middle part of each guide suspension post (82) is provided with a lifter (81), the central rotating shaft (84) is rotatably arranged at the lower part between the two guide hanging columns (82), fixed disks (83) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of a central rotating shaft (84) between the two guide hanging columns (82), a plurality of pressure rods (85) are uniformly arranged on the circumference between the two fixed disks (83), the outer wall of the pressure lever (85) is provided with a plurality of pressing blocks (86) in a staggered manner.

3. A harvesting device of small potatoes for irregular mountainous regions as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and a rubber pad is arranged on the upper surface of the elastic material guide plate (17).

4. A harvesting device of small potatoes for irregular mountainous regions as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the sieve rods (74) are evenly distributed between the two conveyor belts (73) at equal intervals.

5. A harvesting device of small potatoes for irregular mountainous regions as set forth in claim 1, wherein: what incline was installed on sideboard (3) row miscellaneous section of thick bamboo (4), install in row miscellaneous section of thick bamboo (4) and arrange miscellaneous fan (41), arrange the space department that the lower one end of miscellaneous section of thick bamboo (4) is located first pivot (72) and receives between silo (24).

6. A harvesting device of small potatoes for irregular mountainous regions as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a safety device for a vehicle, including lifter plate (13), lifter plate (13) go up the one end slidable mounting that keeps away from slider (11) has gag lever post (14), be provided with the scale on gag lever post (14), the upper end of gag lever post (14) is passed through the fixed plate and is connected with mounting panel (9), the lower extreme of gag lever post (14) is provided with the stopper.