CN213534705U - Combined buffer with pyramid platform - Google Patents

Abstract

A combined buffer with a pyramid platform comprises a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge-shaped mechanisms and a group of connecting pieces, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanisms and the connecting pieces are arranged in a shell; the energy absorber comprises a group of macromolecule elastic elements and a group of metal spacers; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block, a hollow pyramid platform, a wedge block and an upper cavity of the shell; the coupling comprises a mandrel, a nut and a thread coupling anti-loosening element; the energy absorber and the wedge mechanism are fixedly connected with the shell through the connecting piece. The beneficial effects are that: compared with the existing elastomer buffer, the energy absorption rate is higher, and the dynamic performance is better than that of the existing elastomer buffer; the use and maintenance operation are simple, and the reliability is high.

Description

Combined buffer with pyramid platform

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of mechanical engineering, especially, relate to damping and mechanical equipment who mitigatees the impact, in particular to car coupler buffer for rolling stock.

Background

In the current freight locomotive and vehicle coupler buffers applied at home and abroad, the vapor-liquid and cement buffers have better buffering performance but general reliability; the rubber buffer has lower capacity; the all-steel friction type buffer has high reliability, but has unstable buffering performance and large discreteness; the friction daub and the friction hydraulic buffer have excellent buffering performance, but the two types of buffers have complicated structures and poor reliability.

The high polymer elastomer (TPEE) buffer has good ageing resistance, sensitivity to temperature far lower than that of rubber, strong vibration absorption capacity, stable buffering and stable performance; the maximum resistance is high; the capacity is large; the absorption rate is high; the reliability is high; the temperature application range is wide. However, the absorption rate of the buffer is about 70%, and the requirement of the modern rolling stock on the high energy absorption rate of the buffer cannot be met.

In the prior art, the energy absorption rate of the invention patent 'polymer elastic element and metal friction element combined buffer' with the application number of 201510736219.2 and the invention patent 'polymer elastic element and wedge mechanism combined buffer' with the application number of 201610868232.8 are both higher than that of a polymer elastomer (TPEE) buffer, but other performances have room for improvement.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at further improving the energy absorption rate of polymer elastomer buffer, providing the advantage that has current polymer elastomer buffer simultaneously to have the buffer of good dynamic performance, overcome prior art's not enough.

The technical scheme of the utility model as follows: a combined buffer with a pyramid platform comprises a group of energy absorbers, a wedge-shaped mechanism and a connecting piece, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanism and the connecting piece are arranged in a shell; the inner part of the shell is composed of a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated with each other, the bottom of the lower cavity is sealed, a circular step through hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the lower cavity, and the top of the upper cavity is opened; the energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements and a group of metal spacers, the high polymer elastic elements are hollow cylinders with cambered upper and lower surfaces, and the centers of the cylinders are provided with elastic element center holes; the metal spacer is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the high polymer elastic element, and a center hole of the metal spacer is formed in the center of the thin sheet; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block, a wedge block and an upper cavity of the shell; the connecting piece comprises a mandrel, a nut and a thread connection anti-loosening piece, and is a connecting mechanism of the shell, the energy absorbing body and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel is provided with a shaft shoulder which is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell to play a role in axial positioning, the other end of the mandrel is provided with an external thread, and the external thread is matched with the nut and forms thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening piece; one end of the mandrel with a shoulder is arranged in a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell, the other end of the mandrel penetrates through the shell and is arranged at the top of the shell, the metal spacer, the polymer elastic element, the wedge block and the hollow pressing block are sequentially arranged on the mandrel, the metal spacer, the polymer elastic element, the wedge block and the hollow pressing block are fixedly connected with the shell through nuts and thread connection anti-loosening pieces, the metal spacer, the polymer elastic element and the hollow pressing block are arranged on the mandrel through respective central holes, the central holes of the metal spacer and the hollow pressing block are in clearance fit with the mandrel, the axis of the central hole of the polymer elastic element is superposed with the axis of the mandrel, and a gap is reserved; the wedge block and the hollow pressing block are positioned in the upper cavity of the shell, and the energy absorber consisting of the polymer elastic element and the metal spacer is positioned in the lower cavity of the shell; the method is characterized in that: the combined buffer with the frustum pyramid also comprises a hollow frustum pyramid;

the upper chamber of the shell is a cylinder body formed by enclosing n isosceles trapezoid planes, n is more than or equal to 4, the long side of each trapezoid plane is arranged above, and the short side is arranged below, so that an inverted pyramid-shaped cylinder body is formed;

the hollow pyramid platform is a component of the wedge-shaped mechanism, the hollow pyramid platform of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a hollow n-shaped pyramid platform, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of a cavity at the upper part of the shell, the upper surface and the lower surface of the hollow pyramid platform are horizontal planes, each side surface of the hollow pyramid platform is a trapezoidal plane, the trapezoidal plane is an isosceles trapezoidal inclined plane with a longer upper side and a shorter lower side, an included angle between the isosceles trapezoidal inclined plane and the horizontal plane is alpha, alpha is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 89 degrees, the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform is attached to an inclined plane on the inner surface of a wedge block, a central hole is formed in the center of the hollow pyramid platform, the hollow pyramid platform is installed on a mandrel through the central hole and is positioned between the hollow pressing block;

the hollow pressing block of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a hollow n prism, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of a cavity at the upper part of the shell, the bottom of the hollow pressing block is sealed, a pressing block center hole is formed in the center of the bottom, the upper part of the hollow pressing block is opened, and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block is a horizontal plane;

the wedge-shaped mechanism is characterized in that i wedges are taken as a group, n is not less than i and not less than 2, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of a cavity at the upper part of the shell, i wedges are arranged between a hollow pyramid platform and a metal spacer, the wedges are polyhedrons, the outer surface of each polyhedron is an inclined plane attached to the inner surface of the cavity at the upper part of the shell, the inclined plane inclines downwards and inwards from the upper side, the included angle between the inclined plane and a vertical plane is gamma which is not less than 0 degree and not more than 89 degrees, two side surfaces of each polyhedron are planes with the same shape, the upper surface and the lower surface of each polyhedron are horizontal planes, the inner surface of each polyhedron is an inclined plane or a folding plane formed by connecting, the inclined plane of the inner surface of the polyhedron is a plane which is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper edge of the upper horizontal plane of the polyhedron, and the included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle alpha between the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform and the horizontal plane; the wedge block inner surface vertical plane in the folding surface of the polyhedron inner surface is a vertical plane from the lower side of the polyhedron to the upper side, the wedge block inner surface inclined plane in the folding surface of the polyhedron inner surface is a plane connecting the upper horizontal plane and the inner surface vertical plane of the wedge block polyhedron, the wedge block inner surface inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block, the included angle between the wedge block inner surface inclined plane and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block is equal to the included angle alpha between the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform and the horizontal plane, the wedge block inner surface inclined plane in the folding surface is a surface attached to the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform, a gap is reserved between every two adjacent wedge blocks, and.

Take combination formula buffer of pyramid platform, its characterized in that: the inner surface and the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron are equal-width surfaces or unequal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface; the inner surface and the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron are unequal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface, and the width of the inner surface is 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface.

The inner surface and the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron are rectangular or trapezoidal, and when the inner surface and the outer surface are trapezoidal, the long side of the trapezoid is arranged above, and the short side is arranged below. The side surface of the wedge polyhedron is quadrilateral or pentagonal, and is trapezoidal when the inner surface of the wedge polyhedron is an inclined plane; when the inner surface of the wedge polyhedron is a folding surface, the side surface of the wedge polyhedron is a pentagon.

Take combination formula buffer of pyramid platform, its characterized in that: one hollow frustum and a set of i piece voussoirs are one set of frustum integrated configuration, frustum integrated configuration's cover number is k, and k is the positive integer of more than or equal to 1, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection, and the frustum integrated configuration definition of the superiors is the kth cover, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection's form is: the upper surface of a k hollow frustum of the kth set of frustum combined structure is attached to the lower surface of the hollow pressing block, the side surface of the k hollow frustum is attached to an inclined plane of the inner surface of k groups of i wedge blocks, and the lower surface of the k groups of i wedge blocks is attached to the upper surface of a k-1 hollow frustum of the kth-1 set of frustum combined structure; the side surface of a k-1 hollow frustum of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of a k-1 group of i wedge blocks, and the lower surface of the k-1 group of i wedge blocks of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is attached to the upper surface of a k-2 hollow frustum of the k-2 set of frustum combined structure; by analogy, the side surface of a k-j hollow frustum of the k-j set of frustum combined structure is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of the k-j sets of i wedges, the lower surface of the k-j sets of i wedges of the frustum combined structure is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer, and j is a positive integer smaller than k by 1.

Take combination formula buffer of pyramid platform, its characterized in that: in the frustum combined structure of the series connection, a fixed connection structure or a split structure is arranged between the upper surface of the hollow frustum on the uppermost layer and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block, and the fixed connection structure between the hollow frustum and the hollow pressing block is made into a whole or fixedly connected by a fastener.

Take combination formula buffer of pyramid platform, its characterized in that: the taper of the inverted frustum pyramid-shaped cylinder of the upper cavity of the shell is the same as the inclination angle gamma of the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron; the lower cavity of the shell is a cylindrical cylinder or an n-prism cylinder, and n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell.

Take combination formula buffer of pyramid platform, its characterized in that: the combined buffer with the frustum comprises a mandrel, a set of frustum combined structures, a set of energy storage elements and a set of frustum combined structures, wherein each set of frustum combined structure comprises one set of energy storage element, each energy storage element is an elastic element, each elastic element is provided with a central hole, each elastic element is installed on the mandrel through the corresponding central hole, and each energy storage element is located in a space between the mandrel and the upper surface of the hollow frustum lower surface, the inner surface of the wedge block, the other hollow frustum or the upper surface of the uppermost layer metal spacer.

Take combination formula buffer of pyramid platform, its characterized in that: the elastic element of the energy storage element is any one of a metal cylindrical spiral spring, a metal conical spiral spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a polymer elastic body or a viscoelastic body.

Take combination formula buffer of pyramid platform, its characterized in that: and the gap between two adjacent wedges is 5-100 mm.

The utility model discloses a theory of operation is:

when impact load acts on the hollow pressing block along the axial direction, the hollow pressing block pushes the hollow frustum, the hollow frustum pushes the wedge block, and the wedge block pushes the metal spacer and the high-molecular elastic element assembly, so that the axial load acts on the bottom of the shell through the metal spacer. In the process, the inclined plane on the side surface of the hollow frustum and the inclined plane on the inner surface of the wedge block are mutually extruded to generate relative motion and friction; the outer surface of the wedge block and the inner surface of the upper cavity of the shell are mutually extruded to generate relative motion and friction; friction on these faces dissipates energy, thereby increasing the energy absorption rate of the bumper; at the same time, the axial force from the wedge causes the polymeric elastic element assembly to undergo axial compression deformation to absorb impact energy, and the radial friction between the metal spacer and the polymeric elastic element will also consume a portion of the impact energy. After the axial impact load disappears, the macromolecule elastic element recovers to deform to push the wedge block, the hollow pyramid platform and the hollow pressing block to move from bottom to top; meanwhile, the energy storage element is compressed and deformed to store part of energy in the rebound process, rebound impact is relieved, and finally all elements are restored to the state before being subjected to impact load.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the impact energy consumed by the wedge-shaped mechanism consisting of the hollow pressing block, the hollow frustum, the wedge block and the inner surface of the upper cavity of the shell greatly improves the energy absorption rate of the buffer.

2. The compressed energy storage element generates micro-elongation when bearing impact load, so that the impact on the elements below the energy storage element is reduced; in the rebound process, the energy storage element is compressed and deformed to store part of energy in the rebound process, and rebound impact is relieved; therefore, the buffer of the present invention has better dynamic performance than the prior elastomer buffer.

3. The buffer has wide application range, can be used as a locomotive car coupler buffer, and can also be applied to vibration reduction and buffering equipment in other industries such as mining machinery, metallurgical machinery, petroleum machinery and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the hollow pressing block and the hollow frustum of the pyramid-shaped combined buffer of the present invention

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the hollow pressing block with a set of frustum combined structure of the present invention, which is integrated with the hollow frustum and has a frustum combined structure

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the energy-storage-element-containing hollow pressing block and hollow frustum combined structure of the present invention, showing a split combined type buffer with frustum

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the energy storage device-containing hollow pressing block integrated with the hollow frustum of the present invention, the hollow pressing block and the hollow frustum of the present invention have a combined structure of a set of frustum of pyramid

FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a housing having four identical isosceles trapezoidal upper chambers

FIG. 6 is a side view schematic of FIG. 5

FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of FIG. 5

FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a hollow square prism

FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of FIG. 8

FIG. 10 is a schematic front view of a hollow square prism formed by a hollow pressing block and a hollow frustum pyramid

FIG. 11 is a schematic top view of FIG. 10

FIG. 12 is a schematic front view of a hollow pyramid-shaped platform being a hollow regular square pyramid-shaped platform

FIG. 13 is a top schematic view of FIG. 12

FIG. 14 is a front view of a wedge having an inner surface with an equal width and an outer surface formed by an inclined plane and a vertical plane

FIG. 14-1 is a front view of a wedge having an inner surface with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface, the inner surface being formed by an inclined plane and a vertical plane

FIG. 15 is a side schematic view of FIG. 14

FIG. 15-1 is a side view schematic of FIG. 14-1

FIG. 16 is a top schematic view of FIG. 14

FIG. 16-1 is a schematic top view of FIG. 14-1

FIG. 17 is a front view of a wedge having an inner surface formed by inclined planes and an inner surface and an outer surface having the same width

FIG. 17-1 is a front view of a wedge having an inner surface formed by inclined planes and a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface

FIG. 18 is a side schematic view of FIG. 17

FIG. 18-1 is a side view schematic of FIG. 17-1

FIG. 19 is a top schematic view of FIG. 17

FIG. 19-1 is a schematic top view of FIG. 17-1

FIG. 20 is a schematic front view of a housing with six identical isosceles trapezoidal surfaces in the upper chamber

FIG. 21 is a side schematic view of FIG. 20

FIG. 22 is a top schematic view of FIG. 20

FIG. 23 is a schematic front view of a hollow regular hexagonal prism as a hollow press block

FIG. 24 is a side schematic view of FIG. 23

FIG. 25 is a top schematic view of FIG. 23

FIG. 26 is a schematic front view of a hollow pyramid-shaped platform being a hollow regular hexagonal pyramid-shaped platform

FIG. 27 is a side schematic view of FIG. 26

FIG. 28 is a top schematic view of FIG. 26

FIG. 29 is a schematic view of the structure of the hollow pressing block with two sets of frustum combined structures of the present invention, which is a split combined type buffer with frustum made of the hollow frustum on the top layer

FIG. 30 is a schematic view of the structure of the hollow pressing block with two sets of frustum combined structures of the present invention integrated with the hollow frustum on the top layer, and the combined type buffer with the frustum

FIG. 31 is a schematic structural view of the energy-storage-element-containing hollow pressing block and the upper-layer hollow frustum of the combined pyramid buffer of the present invention, showing that the hollow pressing block and the upper-layer hollow frustum are made into separate bodies

FIG. 32 is a schematic structural view of the energy-storage-element-containing hollow pressing block and the hollow frustum on the top layer of the combined pyramid buffer of the present invention, wherein the hollow pressing block and the hollow frustum on the top layer are integrally formed, and the combined pyramid buffer is provided with two sets of pyramid combined structures

In the figure, 1, a housing; 2. a metal spacer; 3. an elastic element; 4. a wedge block; 5. a hollow pyramid platform; 6. hollow pressing blocks; 7. a mandrel; 8. a nut; 9. the anti-loose piece is connected in a threaded manner; 10. an energy storage element.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The combined buffer with the pyramid platform comprises a group of energy absorbers, a wedge-shaped mechanism and a connecting piece, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanism and the connecting piece are arranged in a shell 1; the interior of the shell 1 consists of a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated with each other, the bottom of the lower cavity is sealed, a circular stepped through hole is formed in the center of the bottom, and the top of the upper cavity is opened; the energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements 3 and a group of metal spacers 2, the high polymer elastic elements 3 are hollow cylinders with cambered upper and lower surfaces, and the centers of the cylinders are provided with elastic element center holes; the metal spacer 2 is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer 2 is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the high polymer elastic element 3, and a metal spacer central hole is formed in the center of the thin sheet; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block 6, a hollow pyramid platform 5, a wedge block 4 and an upper cavity of the shell 1; the connecting piece comprises a mandrel 7, a nut 8 and a thread connection anti-loosening piece 9, and is a connecting mechanism of the shell 1, the energy absorbing body and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel 7 is provided with a shaft shoulder which is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell 1 to play an axial positioning role, the other end of the mandrel 7 is provided with an external thread which is matched with the nut 8 and forms thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening piece 9; one end of the mandrel 7 with a shaft shoulder is arranged in a central circular step through hole at the bottom of the shell 1, the other end passes through the shell 1 and is arranged at the top of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the macromolecular elastic element 3, the wedge block 4, the hollow pyramid platform 5 and the hollow pressing block 6 are sequentially arranged on the mandrel 7, the metal spacer 2, the polymer elastic element 3, the wedge 4, the hollow pyramid platform 5 and the hollow pressing block 6 are fixedly connected with the shell 1 through a nut 8 and a thread connection anti-loosening piece 9, the metal spacer 2, the polymer elastic element 3, the hollow frustum 5 and the hollow pressing block 6 are arranged on the mandrel 7 through respective central holes, the central holes of the metal spacer 2, the central holes of the hollow frustum 5 and the central holes of the hollow pressing block 6 are in clearance fit with the mandrel 7, the axis of the central hole of the polymer elastic element is superposed with the axis of the mandrel 7, and a clearance is reserved between the central hole of the polymer elastic element 3 and the mandrel 7; the wedge 4, the hollow pyramid platform 5 and the hollow pressing block 6 are positioned in the upper cavity of the shell 1, and the energy absorber composed of the polymer elastic element 3 and the metal spacer 2 is positioned in the lower cavity of the shell 1; the upper chamber of the shell 1 is a cylinder body formed by n isosceles trapezoid planes in a surrounding way, n is more than or equal to 4, the long side of each trapezoid plane is arranged above, and the short side is arranged below, so that an inverted pyramid-shaped cylinder body is formed;

the hollow pyramid platform 5 is a hollow n-shaped pyramid platform, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of a cavity at the upper part of the shell, the upper surface and the lower surface of the hollow pyramid platform 5 are horizontal planes, each side surface of the hollow pyramid platform 5 is a trapezoidal plane, the trapezoidal plane is an isosceles trapezoidal inclined plane with a longer upper side and a shorter lower side, an included angle between the isosceles trapezoidal inclined plane and the horizontal plane is alpha, alpha is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform 5 is attached to an inclined plane of the inner surface of the wedge block 4, a central hole is formed in the center of the hollow pyramid platform 5, the hollow pyramid platform 5 is installed on the mandrel 7 through the central hole and is positioned between the hollow pressing block 6 and the metal spacer 2;

the hollow pressing block 6 is a hollow n-prism, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 is sealed, a pressing block center hole is formed in the center of the bottom, the upper part of the hollow pressing block 6 is opened, and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 is a horizontal plane;

the wedge blocks 4 are a group of i blocks, n is more than or equal to i and more than or equal to 2, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell, the i blocks of wedge blocks 4 are arranged between the hollow pyramid platform 5 and the metal spacer 2, the wedge blocks 4 are polyhedrons, the outer surfaces of the polyhedrons are inclined planes which are attached to the inner surface of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the inclined planes incline downwards and inwards from the upper side, the included angle between each inclined plane and a vertical plane is gamma, the included angle between each inclined plane and the corresponding vertical plane is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 89 degrees, two side surfaces of the polyhedrons are planes with the same shape, the upper surface and the lower surface of each polyhedron are horizontal planes, the inner surfaces of the polyhedrons are inclined planes or folding planes formed by connecting the inclined planes of the inner surfaces of the wedge blocks and the vertical planes of the inner; the wedge block inner surface vertical plane in the folding surface of the polyhedron inner surface is a vertical plane from the lower edge of the polyhedron to the upper side, the wedge block inner surface inclined plane in the folding surface of the polyhedron inner surface is a plane connecting the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block 4 and the inner surface vertical plane, the wedge block inner surface inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block, the included angle between the wedge block inner surface inclined plane and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block is equal to the included angle alpha between the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform 5 and the horizontal plane, the wedge block inner surface inclined plane in the folding surface is a surface jointed with the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform 5, a gap is reserved between two adjacent wedge blocks 4, and the gap between two adjacent; there is a space between the inner surface of the wedge 4 and the spindle 7. The inner and outer surfaces of the polyhedron of the wedge 4 are rectangular or trapezoidal, and when the inner and outer surfaces are trapezoidal, the long side of the trapezoid is above and the short side is below. The inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 4 are equal-width surfaces or unequal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface. When the inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 4 are different widths, namely the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide, the width of the inner surface is 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface. The side surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block 4 is quadrilateral or pentagonal, and when the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block 4 is an inclined plane, the side surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block 4 is trapezoidal; when the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 4 is a fold, the side of the polyhedron of the wedge 4 is a pentagon.

One hollow frustum 5 and a set of i piece voussoir 4 are one set of frustum integrated configuration, and frustum integrated configuration's cover number is k, and k is the positive integer of more than or equal to 1, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection, and the frustum integrated configuration definition of the superiors is the kth cover, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection's form is: the upper surface of a k hollow frustum 5 of the kth set of frustum combined structure is attached to the lower surface of a hollow pressing block 6, the side surface of the k hollow frustum 5 is attached to an inclined plane of the inner surface of k groups of i wedge blocks 4, and the lower surface of the k groups of i wedge blocks 4 is attached to the upper surface of a k-1 hollow frustum 5 of the kth-1 set of frustum combined structure; the side surface of a k-1 hollow frustum 5 of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of a k-1 group of i wedge blocks 4, and the lower surface of the k-1 group of i wedge blocks 4 of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is attached to the upper surface of a k-2 hollow frustum 5 of the k-2 set of frustum combined structure; by analogy, the side surface of a k-j hollow frustum 5 of the k-j set of frustum combined structure is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of the k-j groups of i wedge blocks 4, the lower surface of the k-j groups of i wedge blocks 4 of the k-j set of frustum combined structure is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer 2, and j is a positive integer smaller than k by 1. In the serially connected frustum combined structure, a fixed connection structure or a split structure is arranged between the upper surface of the hollow frustum 5 at the uppermost layer and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6. The fixed connection structure between the hollow pyramid platform 5 and the hollow pressing block 6 is made into a whole or fixedly connected by a fastener.

The taper of the inverted frustum pyramid-shaped cylinder of the upper cavity of the shell is the same as the inclination angle gamma of the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 4; the lower cavity of the shell 1 is a cylindrical cylinder or an n-prism cylinder, and n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell.

Another embodiment of the pyramid-shaped combined buffer is as follows: the combined buffer with the frustum pyramid further comprises energy storage elements 10, the number of the energy storage elements 10 is the same as that of the frustum pyramid combined structure, each frustum pyramid combined structure comprises one set of the energy storage elements 10, each energy storage element 10 is an elastic element which is provided with a central hole and is arranged on the mandrel 7 through the central hole, and the energy storage elements 10 are positioned on the lower surface of the hollow frustum pyramid 5, the inner surface of the wedge block 4, the upper surface of the other hollow frustum pyramid 5 or a space between the upper surface of the uppermost layer metal spacer 2 and the mandrel 7; the elastic element is any one of a metal cylindrical helical spring, a metal conical helical spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a polymer elastic body or a viscoelastic body.

When parts are machined, all sharp corner parts of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the wedge block 4, the hollow pyramid platform 5 and the hollow pressing block 6 are machined into round corners or chamfers.

The assembly process is as follows: firstly, enabling one end of a spindle 7 with threads to penetrate through a central cylindrical stepped hole at the bottom of a shell 1 to reach the upper end of the shell 1, and enabling one end of the spindle 7 with a shaft shoulder to be matched with the central cylindrical stepped hole at the bottom of the shell 1; then, the first metal spacer 2 is arranged in the mandrel 7, the first macromolecule elastic element 3 is arranged in the mandrel 7, and all the metal spacers 2 and the macromolecule elastic elements 3 are arranged in the mandrel 7 alternately in sequence and are positioned in the lower chamber of the shell 1; then, i wedges 4 are arranged on the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer 2, then a hollow frustum 5 is arranged in a mandrel 7, the wedges 4 are arranged between the mandrel 7 and the shell 1, the outer surfaces of the wedges 4 are attached to the inner surface of an upper cavity of the shell 1, and the inclined planes of the inner surfaces of the wedges 4 are attached to the side surfaces of the hollow frustum 5; then, the hollow pressing block 6 is arranged in the mandrel 7, so that the hollow pressing block 6 is positioned on the hollow frustum 5, and the lower surface of the hollow pressing block 6 is attached to the upper surface of the hollow frustum 5; finally, the nut 8 is screwed into the threaded end of the spindle 7, the hollow pressing block 6 is pressed, and the threaded end of the spindle 7 is connected with the nut 8 by the anti-loosening element 9.

Example 1

The shape of the shell 1 is cylindrical, the upper cavity of the shell is formed by four same isosceles trapezoid surfaces, and the lower cavity of the shell is cylindrical. Seven high-molecular elastic elements 3, eight metal spacers 2, 1/3 the thickness of metal spacers 2 is that of high-molecular elastic elements 3; the hollow pressing block 6 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism, and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block is a horizontal plane.

The wedge-shaped mechanism consists of hollow frustum 5, 4 same wedges 4 and an upper cavity of the shell 1; the hollow pyramid platform 5 is a hollow regular quadrangular pyramid platform.

Each wedge block 4 is a polyhedron, the outer surface of the polyhedron is an inclined plane which is attached to the inner surface of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the inclined plane inclines downwards and inwards from the upper side, the included angle between the inclined plane of the outer surface of the wedge block 5 and the vertical plane is equal to the included angle between the inner surface of the upper cavity of the shell 1 and the vertical plane, gamma is gamma, and gamma is 3 degrees; two sides of the polyhedron are planes with the same shape, the upper surface and the lower surface of the polyhedron are horizontal planes, the inner surface of the polyhedron is a folding plane formed by connecting an inclined plane of the inner surface of a wedge block and a vertical plane of the inner surface of the wedge block, the inclined plane of the inner surface of the polyhedron is a plane which is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper side of the upper horizontal plane of the polyhedron, a vertical plane of the inner surface of the wedge block in the folding plane of the inner surface of the polyhedron is a vertical plane which is inclined upwards from the lower side of the polyhedron, an inclined plane of the inner surface of the wedge block in the folding plane of the inner surface of the polyhedron is a plane which is connected between the upper horizontal plane of the polyhedron of the wedge block 4 and the vertical plane of the inner surface of the wedge block, the inclined plane of the inner surface of the wedge block in the folding plane is an inclined downwards and inwards from, all are alpha, alpha is 25 degrees; a gap is reserved between every two adjacent wedges 4, the gap is 5mm, and a space is reserved between the inner surface of each wedge 4 and the mandrel 7.

The number of sets of the frustum combined structure is 1, no energy storage element exists, the upper surface of the hollow frustum 5 is attached to the lower surface of the hollow pressing block 6, and the lower surface of the wedge block 4 is attached to the upper surface of the metal spacer 2 on the uppermost layer.

The material of the polymer elastic element 3 is TPEE.

All sharp corner parts of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the wedge block 4, the hollow pyramid platform 5 and the hollow pressing block 6 are processed into round corners or chamfers.

Example 2

Basically the same structure as that of example 1, only the hollow truncated pyramid 5 and the hollow pressing block 6 are integrally formed.

Example 3

Basically the same structure as that of the embodiment 1, only 1 group of energy storage elements are added, and the energy storage elements are metal cylindrical spiral springs.

Example 4

Basically the same structure as that of the embodiment 2, only 1 group of energy storage elements are added, and the energy storage elements are metal cylindrical spiral springs.

Example 5

The structure is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the number of sets of the frustum combination structures is 2.

Example 6

The structure is basically the same as that of the embodiment 2, except that the number of sets of the frustum combination structures is 2.

Example 7

Basically the same structure as that of the embodiment 5, only 2 groups of energy storage elements are added, and the energy storage elements are metal cylindrical spiral springs.

Example 8

Basically the same structure as that of the embodiment 6, only 2 groups of energy storage elements are added, and the energy storage elements are metal cylindrical spiral springs.

Example 9

The structure is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, only the upper cavity of the shell is composed of six same isosceles trapezoidal surfaces, the hollow pyramid platform 5 is a hollow regular hexagonal pyramid platform, and the wedge blocks 4 are 6.

Example 10

Basically, the structure of the wedge 4 is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and only the polyhedral inner surface of the wedge is formed by inclined planes of the inner surface of the wedge.

Claims (8)

1. A combined buffer with a pyramid frustum comprises a group of energy absorbers, a wedge-shaped mechanism and a connecting piece, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanism and the connecting piece are arranged in a shell (1); the inner part of the shell (1) is composed of a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated with each other, the bottom of the lower cavity is sealed, a circular step through hole is formed in the center of the bottom, and the top of the upper cavity is opened; the energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements (3) and a group of metal spacers (2), the high polymer elastic elements (3) are hollow cylinders with cambered upper and lower surfaces, and the center of each cylinder is provided with an elastic element center hole; the metal spacer (2) is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer (2) is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the high polymer elastic element (3), and a metal spacer central hole is formed in the center of the thin sheet; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block (6), a wedge block (4) and an upper cavity of the shell (1); the connecting piece comprises a mandrel (7), a nut (8) and a thread connection anti-loosening piece (9) and is a connecting mechanism of the shell (1), the energy absorbing body and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel (7) is provided with a shaft shoulder, the shaft shoulder is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell (1) to play a role in axial positioning, the other end of the mandrel (7) is provided with an external thread, and the external thread is matched with the nut (8) and forms thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening piece (9); one end of a mandrel (7) with a shaft shoulder is arranged in a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of a shell (1), the other end of the mandrel penetrates through the shell (1) and is arranged at the top of the shell (1), a metal spacer (2), a high-molecular elastic element (3), a wedge block (4) and a hollow pressing block (6) are sequentially arranged on the mandrel (7), the metal spacer (2), the high-molecular elastic element (3), the wedge block (4) and the hollow pressing block (6) are fixedly connected with the shell (1) through a nut (8) and a threaded connection anti-loosening piece (9), wherein the metal spacer (2), the high-molecular elastic element (3) and the hollow pressing block (6) are arranged on the mandrel (7) through respective central holes, the central hole of the metal spacer (2) and the central hole of the hollow pressing block (6) are in clearance fit with the mandrel (7), and the axis of the central hole of the, a gap is reserved between the central hole of the high polymer elastic element (3) and the mandrel (7); the wedge block (4) and the hollow pressing block (6) are positioned in an upper cavity of the shell (1), and the energy absorber composed of the polymer elastic element (3) and the metal spacer (2) is positioned in a lower cavity of the shell (1); it is characterized in that the combined buffer with the pyramid platform also comprises a hollow pyramid platform (5);

the upper chamber of the shell (1) is a cylinder body formed by n isosceles trapezoid planes in a surrounding mode, n is more than or equal to 4, the long edge of each trapezoid plane is arranged on the upper portion, and the short edge of each trapezoid plane is arranged on the lower portion, so that an inverted frustum pyramid-shaped cylinder body is formed;

the hollow pyramid platform (5) is a component of a wedge-shaped mechanism, the hollow pyramid platform (5) is a hollow n-shaped pyramid platform, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of a cavity at the upper part of a shell, the upper surface and the lower surface of the hollow pyramid platform (5) are horizontal planes, each side surface of the hollow pyramid platform (5) is a trapezoidal plane, the trapezoidal plane is an isosceles trapezoid inclined plane with a longer upper side and a shorter lower side, an included angle between the isosceles trapezoid inclined plane and the horizontal plane is alpha, alpha is not less than 0 degree and not more than 89 degrees, the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform (5) is attached to an inclined plane of the inner surface of a wedge block (4), a central hole is formed in the center of the hollow pyramid platform (5), the hollow pyramid platform (5) is installed on a mandrel (7) through the central hole and is located between a hollow pressing block (6) and a metal spacer (2), and the central hole of;

the hollow pressing block (6) of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a hollow n-prism, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of a cavity at the upper part of the shell (1), the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6) is sealed, a pressing block center hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6), the upper part of the hollow pressing block (6) is opened, and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6) is a horizontal plane;

the wedge-shaped mechanism is characterized in that i wedges (4) are taken as a group, n is more than or equal to i and more than or equal to 2, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of an upper cavity of the shell, i wedges (4) are arranged between the hollow pyramid platform (5) and the metal spacer (2), the wedges (4) are polyhedrons, the outer surfaces of the polyhedrons are inclined planes which are attached to the inner surface of the upper cavity of the shell (1), the inclined planes incline downwards and inwards from the upper side, the included angle between each inclined plane and a vertical plane is gamma, gamma is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 89 degrees, two side surfaces of each polyhedron are planes with the same shape, the upper surface and the lower surface of each polyhedron are horizontal planes, the inner surfaces of the polyhedrons are inclined planes or folding, the inclined plane of the inner surface of the polyhedron is a plane which is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper edge of the upper horizontal plane of the polyhedron, and the included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle alpha between the side surface of the hollow pyramid table (5) and the horizontal plane; the wedge block inner surface vertical plane in the folding face of the polyhedron inner surface is a vertical plane from the lower side of the polyhedron to the upper side, the wedge block inner surface inclined plane in the folding face of the polyhedron inner surface is a plane connecting the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block (4) and the inner surface vertical plane, the wedge block inner surface inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block, the included angle between the wedge block inner surface inclined plane and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block is equal to the included angle alpha between the side face of the hollow pyramid platform (5) and the horizontal plane, the wedge block inner surface inclined plane in the folding face is a face attached to the side face of the hollow pyramid platform (5), a gap is reserved between every two adjacent wedge blocks (4), and a space is reserved between the inner surface of.

2. The modular bumper with the pyramid frustum as set forth in claim 1, wherein: one hollow frustum (5) and a set of i piece voussoir (4) are one set of frustum integrated configuration, frustum integrated configuration's cover number is k, and k is more than or equal to 1 positive integer, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection, and the frustum integrated configuration definition of the superiors is the kth cover, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection's form is: the upper surface of a k hollow frustum (5) of the kth set of frustum combined structure is attached to the lower surface of a hollow pressing block (6), the side surface of the k hollow frustum (5) is attached to an inclined plane of the inner surface of k groups of i wedge blocks (4), and the lower surface of the k groups of i wedge blocks (4) is attached to the upper surface of a k-1 hollow frustum (5) of the kth set of frustum combined structure; the side surface of a k-1 hollow frustum (5) of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is jointed with the inclined plane of the inner surface of a k-1 group of i wedge blocks (4), and the lower surface of the k-1 group of i wedge blocks (4) of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is jointed with the upper surface of a k-2 hollow frustum (5) of the k-2 set of frustum combined structure; by analogy, the side surface of a k-j hollow frustum (5) of the k-j set of frustum combined structure is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of the k-j set of i wedge blocks (4), the lower surface of the k-j set of i wedge blocks (4) of the frustum combined structure is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer (2), and j is a positive integer smaller than k by 1.

3. The modular bumper with truncated pyramid as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the serially connected frustum combined structure, a fixed connection structure or a split structure is arranged between the upper surface of the hollow frustum (5) at the uppermost layer and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6); the hollow pyramid platform (5) and the hollow pressing block (6) are fixedly connected into a whole or fixedly connected by a fastener.

4. A pyramid-frustum-equipped modular buffer as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (4) are surfaces with equal width or surfaces with narrow inner surface and unequal width; the inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (4) are unequal-width surfaces with narrow inner surface and wide outer surface, and the width of the inner surface is 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface.

5. The modular bumper with truncated pyramid as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the taper of the inverted frustum pyramid-shaped cylinder of the upper cavity of the shell is the same as the inclination angle gamma of the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (4); the lower cavity of the shell (1) is a cylindrical cylinder or an n-prism cylinder, and n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell.

6. The modular bumper with truncated pyramid as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the utility model provides a take combination formula buffer of frustum of pyramid still includes energy storage element (10), the cover number of energy storage element (10) is the same with the cover number of frustum of pyramid integrated configuration, and every set of frustum of pyramid integrated configuration contains one set of energy storage element (10), energy storage element (10) are elastic element, and elastic element is equipped with the centre bore, installs on mandrel (7) through centre bore elastic element, and energy storage element (10) are located the upper surface of hollow frustum of pyramid (5) lower surface, voussoir (4) internal surface, another hollow frustum of pyramid (5) or the upper surface of the metal spacer of the superiors (2) and the space department between mandrel (7).

7. The modular bumper with truncated pyramid as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the elastic element of the energy storage element (10) is any one of a metal cylindrical spiral spring, a metal conical spiral spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a high polymer elastic body or a viscoelastic body.

8. The modular bumper with the pyramid frustum as set forth in claim 7, wherein: and the gap between two adjacent wedges (4) is 5-100 mm.

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