CN112224231A - Combined buffer containing movable plate and sleeve - Google Patents

Abstract

A combined buffer containing a movable plate and a sleeve comprises an energy absorber, a wedge-shaped mechanism, a connecting piece, a movable plate mechanism and a bearing plate assembly, wherein the energy absorber, the wedge-shaped mechanism, the connecting piece, the movable plate mechanism and the bearing plate assembly are arranged in a shell; the energy absorber comprises a polymer elastic element and a metal spacer, and the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block, a wedge block and a hollow seat; the coupling comprises a mandrel, a nut and a thread coupling anti-loosening element; the shell, the energy absorber and the wedge-shaped mechanism are connected through the connecting piece; the wedge block comprises a movable wedge block and a static wedge block; the movable plate mechanism comprises a movable plate, an upper sleeve, a partition plate frame and a lower sleeve; the bearing plate assembly comprises a bearing plate and a bearing plate fixing piece. The beneficial effects are that: the consumed impact energy is large, and the energy absorption rate is high; the energy storage element enables the buffer to have better dynamic performance; the application range is wide, and the damping and buffering device can be applied to vibration damping and buffering equipment in the industries of locomotives, mining machinery, metallurgical machinery, petroleum machinery and the like.

Description

Combined buffer containing movable plate and sleeve

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical engineering, particularly relates to mechanical equipment for damping vibration and relieving impact, and particularly relates to a coupler buffer for a locomotive vehicle.

Background

In the current freight locomotive and vehicle coupler buffers applied at home and abroad, the vapor-liquid and cement buffers have good buffering performance but general reliability; the rubber buffer has lower capacity; the all-steel friction type buffer has high reliability, but has unstable buffering performance and large discreteness; the friction daub and the friction hydraulic buffer have excellent buffering performance, but the two types of buffers have complicated structures and poor reliability.

The high polymer elastomer (TPEE) buffer has good ageing resistance, sensitivity to temperature far lower than that of rubber, strong vibration absorption capacity, stable buffering and stable performance; the maximum resistance is high; the capacity is large; the absorption rate is high; the reliability is high; the temperature application range is wide. However, the absorption rate of the buffer is about 70%, and the requirement of the modern rolling stock on the high energy absorption rate of the buffer cannot be met.

In the prior art, the energy absorption rate of the invention patent 'polymer elastic element and metal friction element combined buffer' with the application number of 201510736219.2 and the invention patent 'polymer elastic element and wedge mechanism combined buffer' with the application number of 201610868232.8 are both higher than that of a polymer elastomer (TPEE) buffer, but other performances have room for improvement.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to further improve the energy absorption rate of the macromolecular elastomer buffer, and simultaneously provides the buffer which has the advantages of the conventional macromolecular elastomer buffer and has good dynamic performance, thereby overcoming the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a combined buffer containing a movable plate and a sleeve comprises a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge-shaped mechanisms and a group of connecting pieces, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanisms and the connecting pieces are arranged in a shell; the inner part of the shell is composed of a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated with each other, the bottom of the lower cavity is sealed, a circular step through hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the lower cavity, and the top of the upper cavity is opened; the energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements and a group of metal spacers, the high polymer elastic elements are hollow cylinders with cambered upper and lower surfaces, and the centers of the cylinders are provided with elastic element center holes; the metal spacer is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the high polymer elastic element, and a center hole of the metal spacer is formed in the center of the thin sheet; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block, a wedge block and a hollow seat; the connecting piece comprises a mandrel, a nut and a thread connection anti-loosening piece, and is a connecting mechanism of the shell, the energy absorbing body and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel is provided with a shaft shoulder which is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell to play a role in axial positioning, the other end of the mandrel is provided with an external thread, and the external thread is matched with the nut and forms thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening piece; one end of the mandrel with a shaft shoulder is arranged in a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell, the other end of the mandrel penetrates through the shell and is arranged at the top of the shell, the metal spacer, the high-molecular elastic element, the hollow seat and the hollow pressing block are sequentially arranged on the mandrel through respective central holes, the metal spacer, the high-molecular elastic element, the hollow seat and the hollow pressing block are fixedly connected with the shell through nuts and threaded connection anti-loosening pieces, the metal spacer central hole, the hollow seat central hole and the hollow pressing block central hole are in clearance fit with the mandrel, the axis of the central hole of the high-molecular elastic element is coincident with the axis of the mandrel, and a; the wedge block and the hollow pressing block are positioned in the upper cavity of the shell, and the energy absorber consisting of the polymer elastic element and the metal spacer is positioned in the lower cavity of the shell; the combined buffer containing the movable plate and the sleeve is characterized by also comprising a movable plate mechanism and a bearing plate component; the wedge blocks of the wedge-shaped mechanism comprise a group of dynamic wedge blocks and a group of static wedge blocks;

the hollow pressing block of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a hollow n-prism, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, the bottom of the hollow pressing block is sealed, a pressing block center hole is formed in the center of the bottom, the upper portion of the hollow pressing block is open, the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block is composed of a pressing block inclined plane and a pressing block horizontal plane, the pressing block horizontal plane is an n-edge-shaped plane located in the center of the outer surface of the bottom, the pressing block inclined plane is a plane connected between the pressing block horizontal plane and the bottom edge of the side face of the hollow pressing block, the pressing block inclined plane inclines upwards and outwards from the pressing block horizontal plane, the;

the hollow seat of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a second-order hollow cylinder, the center of the second-order hollow cylinder is provided with a hollow seat center hole, the upper second-order cylinder of the second-order hollow cylinder is positioned at the lower part of the upper cavity of the shell, the lower first-order cylinder is positioned at the upper part of the lower cavity of the shell and is a cylinder or a prism, when the lower first-order cylinder is a prism, the number of the edges is equal to that of the hollow pressing block prism, the upper surface of the lower first-order cylinder is a plane, the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower first-order cylinder are planes, the upper second-order cylinder is a cylinder or a prism, when the upper second-order cylinder is a prism, the number of the edges of the prism is equal to that of the hollow pressing block prism, the upper surface of the upper second-order cylinder is a seat folding plane formed by a seat horizontal plane and a seat inclined plane, the seat inclined plane is a plane which is inclined downwards and outwards from the seat horizontal plane along the outer edge of the seat horizontal plane, the included angle between the seat inclined plane and the horizontal plane is beta, and the beta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees;

the group of static wedges is formed by combining i wedges, i is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n, n is the number of edges of a hollow pressing block prism, i is a positive integer, each static wedge is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are both planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of the movable plate, the inner surface of the static wedge is an inclined plane, the included angle between the inclined plane and a vertical plane is gamma, gamma is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, the inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper edge of the static wedge, two side surfaces are right trapezoid planes, and a gap is;

the movable wedge blocks are arranged between the hollow pressing block and the hollow seat, a space is reserved between the inner surface of the movable wedge block and a mandrel, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent movable wedge blocks;

the movable plate mechanism comprises a group of movable plates, an upper sleeve, a partition plate frame and a lower sleeve; the separating plate frame is a flat plate, the shape of the flat plate is the same as the shape of the cross section of the upper cavity of the shell, the flat plate is arranged on the upper surface of the lower sleeve and is positioned at the boundary part of the lower cavity and the upper cavity, the central part of the flat plate is provided with a hollow seat hole matched with the hollow seat second-order cylinder, the hollow seat second-order cylinder penetrates through the hollow seat hole from the lower part, the upper surface of the hollow seat first-order cylinder is attached to the lower surface of the separating plate frame, the lower surface of the hollow seat first-order cylinder is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer in the energy absorber, the outer surface of the hollow seat first-order cylinder is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the lower sleeve, n elongated movable plate holes are arranged on the periphery of the hollow seat hole of the separating plate frame flat plate, n is the number of the prisms of the hollow press blocks, the lower surface of the movable plate holes penetrates through the movable plate holes, the static wedge block is arranged in a space between the inner surface of the movable plate and the hollow pressing block, the outer surface of the static wedge block is attached to the inner surface of the movable plate, and the lower surface of the static wedge block is attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame at a position between the hollow seat hole and the movable plate hole; the group of movable plates is formed by combining j movable plates, the number of j movable plates is equal to that of i static wedges, each movable plate is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are horizontal planes, two side surfaces of the rectangular plate are vertical planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of the upper sleeve, the inner surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the outer surface of the static wedges, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent movable plates; the upper sleeve is a sleeve, the outer surface of the upper sleeve is attached to the wall surface of the upper cavity of the shell, the shape of the upper sleeve is the same as that of the upper cavity, the lower surface of the upper sleeve is a plane and is attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame, and the upper sleeve is fixed on the wall of the upper cavity of the shell through an upper sleeve positioning piece; the lower sleeve is a sleeve, the outer surface of the lower sleeve is attached to the wall surface of the lower cavity of the shell, the shape of the lower sleeve is the same as that of the lower cavity, the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower sleeve are planes, the upper surface of the lower sleeve is attached to the lower surface of the partition plate frame, and the lower surface of the lower sleeve is attached to the upper surface of the bottom of the lower cavity of;

the bearing plate assembly comprises a bearing plate and a bearing plate fixing piece, the bearing plate is a flat plate and is fixed on the top surface of the hollow pressing block through the bearing plate fixing piece, and the upper surface of the movable plate is attached to the lower surface of the bearing plate.

The invention relates to a combined buffer containing a movable plate and a sleeve, which is characterized in that: the upper surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block is an upper inclined plane or an upper folded plane, the upper inclined plane inclines downwards and inwards from the upper side of the outer surface of the polyhedron block, the included angle between the upper inclined plane and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle alpha between the inclined plane of the pressing block on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block and the horizontal plane of the pressing block, the upper inclined plane is a plane attached to the inclined plane of the pressing block at the bottom of the hollow pressing block, the upper folded plane is formed by connecting the upper horizontal plane of the movable wedge block and the upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block, the upper horizontal plane of the movable wedge block of the upper folded plane is a plane connected with the outer surface of the movable polyhedron, the upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block is a plane connecting the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block and the upper horizontal plane of the movable wedge block, the upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block inclines downwards and inwards from the upper horizontal plane of the movable wedge, the upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block in the upper folding plane is a surface attached to the inclined plane of the pressing block at the bottom of the hollow pressing block; the lower surface of the movable wedge block is a lower inclined plane or a lower folded plane, the lower inclined plane inclines upwards and inwards from the lower side of the outer surface of the polyhedral block, the included angle between the lower inclined plane and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle beta between the inclined plane of the upper surface seat of the second-order cylinder at the upper part of the hollow seat and the water plane of the seat, the lower inclined plane is a plane attached to the inclined plane of the upper surface seat of the second-order cylinder at the upper part of the hollow seat, the lower folded plane is a plane formed by connecting the lower horizontal plane of the movable wedge block and the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block, the lower horizontal plane of the movable wedge block is a plane connected with the outer surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block, the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block inclines upwards and inwards from the lower horizontal plane of the movable wedge block, the included angle between the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block and the lower horizontal plane of the movable wedge block is equal to the included angle beta between the inclined plane of the upper, the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block in the lower folding surface is a surface which is attached to the inclined plane of the upper surface seat of the second-order column at the upper part of the hollow seat.

The invention relates to a combined buffer containing a movable plate and a sleeve, which is characterized in that: the outer surface and the inner surface of the movable wedge block polyhedron are equal-width surfaces or unequal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface; when the outer surface and the inner surface of the movable wedge block polyhedron are different widths, the inner surface is narrow, and the outer surface is wide, the width of the inner surface is 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface.

The inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block are rectangular or trapezoidal, and when the outer surface and the inner surface are trapezoidal, the long edge of the trapezoid is arranged above, and the short edge of the trapezoid is arranged below. The shape of the side surface of the movable wedge block polyhedron is quadrilateral or polygonal, and when the upper surface and the lower surface of the movable wedge block polyhedron are inclined planes, the side surface of the movable wedge block polyhedron is trapezoidal; when one of the upper and lower surfaces of the movable wedge polyhedron is a folded surface, the side surface of the movable wedge polyhedron is a polygon.

The invention relates to a combined buffer containing a movable plate and a sleeve, which is characterized in that: the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the shell are m prism chambers or cylindrical chambers, m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, and the upper chamber and the lower chamber are chambers with the same shape or different shapes.

The upper chamber and the lower chamber of the housing are chambers having different shapes, including the lower chamber being a cylindrical chamber when the upper chamber is an m-prism-shaped chamber, or the lower chamber being an m-prism-shaped chamber when the upper chamber is a cylindrical chamber. When the upper chamber of the shell is a cylindrical chamber, the outer surface of the upper sleeve is a cylindrical surface, and the inner surface of the upper sleeve is a cylindrical surface or an m-prism surface; when the upper chamber of the housing is an m-prism face chamber, the upper sleeve is an m-prism sleeve. When the inner surface of the upper sleeve is a cylindrical surface, the outer surface of the movable plate is an arc surface, and the inner surface is an arc surface or a plane; when the inner surface of the upper sleeve is an m-prism-shaped surface, the outer surface of the movable plate is a plane, and the inner surface of the movable plate is a plane. When the inner surface of the movable plate is an arc surface, the outer surface of the static wedge block is an arc surface; when the inner surface of the movable plate is a plane, the outer surface of the static wedge block is a plane.

The invention relates to a combined buffer containing a movable plate and a sleeve, which is characterized in that: the combined buffer containing the movable plate and the sleeve further comprises an energy storage element, the energy storage element is an elastic element, the elastic element is provided with a central hole, the elastic element is installed on the mandrel through the central hole and is located in a space between the inner surface of the movable wedge block between the hollow pressing block and the hollow seat and the mandrel, and the elastic element is any one of a metal cylindrical spiral spring, a metal conical spiral spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a polymer elastomer or a viscoelastic body.

The invention relates to a combined buffer containing a movable plate and a sleeve, which is characterized in that: and the gap between two adjacent movable wedges, the gap between two adjacent static wedges and the gap between two adjacent movable plates are all 5-100 mm.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: when impact load acts on the bearing plate and the hollow pressing block along the axial direction, the hollow pressing block pushes the movable wedge block, the movable wedge block pushes the hollow seat, the hollow seat pushes the metal spacer and the high-molecular elastic element assembly, and the axial load acts on the bottom of the shell through the metal spacer. In the process, the inclined plane on the lower surface of the hollow pressing block and the inclined plane on the upper surface of the movable wedge block are mutually extruded to generate relative motion and friction; the outer surface of the movable wedge block and the inner surface of the static wedge block are mutually extruded to generate relative motion and friction; the inclined plane on the lower surface of the movable wedge block and the inclined plane on the upper surface of the hollow seat are mutually extruded to generate relative motion and friction; friction on these faces dissipates energy, thereby increasing the energy absorption rate of the bumper; meanwhile, the bearing plate pushes the movable plate to move axially, and under the action of extrusion forces from the static wedge and the upper sleeve, friction is generated between the inner surface of the movable plate and the outer surface of the static wedge as well as between the outer surface of the movable plate and the inner surface of the upper sleeve, and the friction on the surfaces also increases energy consumption; in addition, the axial force from the hollow seat causes the polymeric elastic element assembly to undergo axial compression deformation to absorb impact energy, and the radial friction between the metal spacer and the polymeric elastic element consumes a part of the impact energy. After the axial impact load disappears, the macromolecule elastic element recovers to deform to push the hollow seat, the movable wedge block and the hollow pressing block to move from bottom to top, and the upper surface of the first-order column at the lower part of the hollow seat pushes the movable plate to move upwards along the axial direction; meanwhile, the energy storage element between the hollow seat and the hollow pressing block is compressed and deformed to store part of energy in the rebound process, rebound impact is relieved, and finally all elements are restored to the state before being subjected to impact load.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the consumed impact energy is large, the impact energy consumed by the invention is the impact energy consumed by a wedge-shaped mechanism consisting of a hollow pressing block, a movable wedge block, a hollow seat and a static wedge block, the sum of the impact energy consumed by a movable plate mechanism consisting of the static wedge block, a movable plate and an upper sleeve and the impact energy consumed by a high-molecular elastic element assembly is larger than the impact energy consumed by a combined buffer in the prior art, and the buffer has higher energy absorption rate than the existing elastic buffer.

2. The compressed energy storage element generates micro-elongation when bearing impact load, so that the impact on the elements below the energy storage element is reduced; in the rebound process, the energy storage element is compressed and deformed to store part of energy in the rebound process, and rebound impact is relieved; thus, the present invention provides better dynamic performance than prior art elastomeric bumpers.

3. The buffer has wide application range, can be used as a locomotive car coupler buffer, and can also be applied to vibration reduction and buffering equipment in other industries such as mining machinery, metallurgical machinery, petroleum machinery and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an initial state structure of a combined damper including a movable plate and a sleeve according to the present invention

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a housing with upper and lower chambers being square prism chambers

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of FIG. 2

FIG. 4 is a front view of a hollow pressing block of a regular quadrangular prism

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of FIG. 4

FIG. 6 is a front view of a dynamic wedge in which the upper and lower surfaces are formed of inclined planes and horizontal planes, the inner and outer surfaces are rectangular, and the inner and outer surfaces are equal in width

FIG. 7 is a side schematic view of FIG. 6

FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of FIG. 6

FIG. 9 is a front view of a movable wedge in which upper and lower surfaces are formed of inclined planes and horizontal planes, inner and outer surfaces are trapezoidal, and the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide

FIG. 10 is a side schematic view of FIG. 9

FIG. 11 is a schematic top view of FIG. 9

FIG. 12 is a front view of a dynamic wedge having inclined upper and lower surfaces, rectangular inner and outer surfaces, and equal widths of the inner and outer surfaces

FIG. 13 is a side schematic view of FIG. 12

FIG. 14 is a top schematic view of FIG. 12

FIG. 15 is a front view of a dynamic wedge with inclined upper and lower surfaces, trapezoidal inner and outer surfaces, narrow inner surface and wide outer surface

FIG. 16 is a side schematic view of FIG. 15

FIG. 17 is a top schematic view of FIG. 15

FIG. 18 is a schematic front view of a hollow base of a second-order hollow square prism

FIG. 19 is a top schematic view of FIG. 18

FIG. 20 is a front view of a stationary wedge with a planar outer surface

FIG. 21 is a side schematic view of FIG. 20

FIG. 22 is a top schematic view of FIG. 20

FIG. 23 is a front view of a stationary wedge with a cylindrical outer surface

FIG. 24 is a side schematic view of FIG. 23

FIG. 25 is a top schematic view of FIG. 23

FIG. 26 is a front view of a movable plate with both inner and outer surfaces flat

FIG. 27 is a side schematic view of FIG. 26

FIG. 28 is a front view of a movable plate with cylindrical inner and outer surfaces

FIG. 29 is a top schematic view of FIG. 28

FIG. 30 is a front view of a movable plate with a cylindrical outer surface and a flat inner surface

FIG. 31 is a top schematic view of FIG. 30

FIG. 32 is a front view of a square partition panel frame

FIG. 33 is a top schematic view of FIG. 32

FIG. 34 is a schematic front view of a partition plate frame with a cylindrical outer surface, a square hollow seat hole and a rectangular movable plate hole

FIG. 35 is a top schematic view of FIG. 34

FIG. 36 is a schematic view of a partition plate frame with a movable plate hole in a rectangular strip shape

FIG. 37 is a schematic view showing one longitudinal side of a slot of an upper plate of a partition panel frame being a plane and the other being a cylindrical side

FIG. 38 is a schematic view showing the division plate frame upper plate long hole with two cylindrical surfaces in the length direction

FIG. 39 is a schematic front view of a housing with a regular hexagonal upper chamber

FIG. 40 is a side schematic view of FIG. 39

FIG. 41 is a schematic top view of FIG. 39

FIG. 42 is a front view schematically illustrating a hollow compact of regular hexagonal prism shape

FIG. 43 is a side schematic view of FIG. 42

FIG. 44 is a top schematic view of FIG. 42

FIG. 45 is a schematic front view of a hollow base with a second-order column being a hollow regular hexagonal prism

FIG. 46 is a side schematic view of FIG. 45

FIG. 47 is a top schematic view of FIG. 45

FIG. 48 is a front view of a square prism sleeve

FIG. 49 is a top schematic view of FIG. 48

FIG. 50 is a front view of a regular hexagonal prism sleeve

FIG. 51 is a top schematic view of FIG. 50

In the figure, 1, a shell, 2, a metal spacer, 3, a high-molecular elastic element, 4, a hollow seat, 5, a movable wedge block, 6, a hollow pressing block, 7, a mandrel, 8, a nut, 9, a thread connection anti-loosening element, 10, an energy storage element, 11, a static wedge block, 12, a movable plate, 13, a bearing plate, 14, a bearing plate fixing element, 15, an upper sleeve, 16, an upper sleeve positioning element, 17, a partition plate frame, 18 and a lower sleeve.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and specific examples.

The combined buffer containing the movable plate and the sleeve comprises a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge-shaped mechanisms, a group of connecting pieces, a group of movable plate mechanisms and a bearing plate assembly which are arranged in a shell 1. The interior of the shell 1 is composed of a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated with each other, the bottom of the lower cavity is sealed, a circular stepped through hole is formed in the center of the bottom, the top of the upper cavity is open, the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the shell 1 are m-prism-shaped cavities or cylindrical cavities, m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, and the upper cavity and the lower cavity are cavities with the same shape or cavities with different shapes.

The upper chamber and the lower chamber of the housing 1 are chambers having different shapes, including the lower chamber being a cylindrical chamber when the upper chamber is an m-prism-shaped chamber, or the lower chamber being an m-prism-shaped chamber when the upper chamber is a cylindrical chamber.

The energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements 3 and a group of metal spacers 2, the high polymer elastic elements 3 are hollow cylinders with cambered surfaces at the upper and lower surfaces, and elastic element center holes are formed in the centers of the cylinders. The metal spacer 2 is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer 2 is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the macromolecule elastic element 3, and the center of the thin sheet is provided with a metal spacer center hole. The wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block 6, a wedge block and a hollow seat 4; the wedges comprise a set of dynamic wedges 5 and a set of static wedges 11. The connecting piece comprises a mandrel 7, a nut 8 and a thread connection anti-loosening piece 9, and is a connecting mechanism of the shell 1, the energy absorbing body and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel 7 is provided with a shaft shoulder which is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell to play an axial positioning role, the other end of the mandrel 7 is provided with an external thread which is matched with the nut 8 and forms thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening piece 9; one end of the mandrel 7 with a shaft shoulder is arranged in a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell 1, the other end of the mandrel passes through the shell 1 and is arranged at the top of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the macromolecular elastic element 3, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are sequentially arranged on the mandrel 7 through respective central holes, and the metal spacer 2, the macromolecular elastic element 3, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are fixedly connected with the shell 1 through nuts 8 and threaded connection anti-loosening pieces 9. The central holes of the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are in clearance fit with the mandrel 7, the axis of the central hole of the polymer elastic element is superposed with the axis of the mandrel 7, and a clearance is reserved between the central hole of the polymer elastic element 3 and the mandrel 7. The wedge block and the hollow pressing block 6 are positioned in the upper cavity of the shell 1, and the energy absorber consisting of the polymer elastic element 3 and the metal spacer 2 is positioned in the lower cavity of the shell 1.

Hollow briquetting 6 of wedge mechanism is hollow n prism, n is the positive integer more than or equal to 4, hollow briquetting 6 bottom back cover, bottom center department opens there is the briquetting centre bore, hollow briquetting 6 upper portion opening, hollow briquetting 6 bottom surface comprises briquetting inclined plane and briquetting horizontal plane, the briquetting horizontal plane is the n limit plane that is located bottom surface central part, the briquetting inclined plane is the plane of being connected between briquetting horizontal plane and the 6 side base of hollow briquetting, the briquetting inclined plane upwards leans out from the briquetting horizontal plane, the contained angle between briquetting inclined plane and the horizontal plane is alpha, 0 is no less than or equal to alpha 89.

The hollow seat 4 of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a second-order hollow cylinder, the center of the second-order hollow cylinder is provided with a hollow seat center hole, the upper second-order cylinder of the second-order hollow cylinder is positioned at the lower part of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the lower first-order cylinder is positioned at the upper part of the lower cavity of the shell 1 and is a cylinder or a prism, when the lower first-order cylinder is a prism, the number of the prisms is equal to that of the prisms of the hollow pressing block 6, the upper and lower surfaces of the lower first-order cylinder are planes, the upper second-order cylinder is a cylinder or a prism, when the upper second-order cylinder is a prism, the number of the prisms is equal to that of the hollow pressing block 6, the upper surface of the upper second-order cylinder is a seat folding surface formed by a seat horizontal plane and a seat inclined plane, the seat horizontal plane is positioned at the center part of the upper surface of the second-, the seat inclined plane is a plane which is inclined downwards and outwards from the seat horizontal plane along the outer edge of the seat horizontal plane, the included angle between the seat inclined plane and the horizontal plane is beta, and the beta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees.

The group of static wedges 11 is formed by combining i wedges, i is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n, n is the number of edges of a prism of the hollow pressing block 6, i is a positive integer, each static wedge 11 is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are both planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of the movable plate, the inner surface of each static wedge 11 is an inclined plane, the included angle between each inclined plane and a vertical plane is gamma, gamma is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, the inclined planes are inclined downwards and inwards from the upper edge of each static wedge 11, two side surfaces are right trapezoid planes, gaps are reserved between every two adjacent static wedges 11.

The movable wedge blocks 5 are formed by combining wedge blocks with the same number as the static wedge blocks, each movable wedge block 5 is a polyhedral block, the outer surface of each polyhedral block is an inclined plane attached to the inner surface of each static wedge block 11, the included angle between each inclined plane and each vertical plane is equal to the included angle gamma between each inclined plane of each static wedge block 11 and each vertical plane, the upper edges of the inclined planes and the driven wedge blocks 5 incline downwards and inwards, the inner surfaces of the polyhedral blocks are vertical planes, two side surfaces of each polyhedral block are planes with the same shape, the upper surfaces of the polyhedral blocks are surfaces attached to inclined planes of press blocks at the bottoms of the hollow press blocks 6, the lower surfaces of the polyhedral blocks are surfaces attached to inclined planes of two-order cylinder upper surface seats of the hollow seats 4, the movable wedge blocks 5 are installed between the hollow press blocks 6 and the hollow seats 4, spaces are formed between the inner surfaces and the mandrels 7, and gaps are 5-100 mm. The upper surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block 5 is an upper inclined plane or an upper folding plane, the upper inclined plane inclines downwards and inwards from the upper side of the outer surface of the polyhedron block, the included angle between the upper inclined plane and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle alpha between the inclined plane of the pressing block on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 and the horizontal plane of the pressing block, the upper inclined plane is a plane attached to the inclined plane of the pressing block on the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6, the upper folding plane is formed by connecting the upper horizontal plane of the movable wedge block and the upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block, the upper horizontal plane of the movable wedge block of the upper folding plane is a plane connected with the outer surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block 5, the upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper horizontal plane of the movable wedge block, the included angle between the upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block and the upper horizontal plane of the movable wedge block is equal to, the upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block in the upper folding plane is a surface which is attached to the inclined plane of the pressing block at the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6; the lower surface of the movable wedge block 5 is a lower inclined plane or a lower folded plane, the lower inclined plane is inclined upwards and inwards from the lower side of the outer surface of the polyhedral block, the included angle between the lower inclined plane and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle beta between the inclined plane of the upper surface seat of the second-order cylinder at the upper part of the hollow seat 4 and the horizontal plane, the lower inclined plane is a plane attached to the inclined plane of the upper surface seat of the second-order cylinder at the upper part of the hollow seat 4, the lower folded plane is a plane formed by connecting the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block and the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block, the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block is a plane connected with the outer surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block 5, the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block is inclined upwards and inwards from the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block, the included angle between the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block and the lower horizontal plane of the movable wedge block is equal to the included angle beta between the inclined plane of the upper, the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block in the lower folding surface is a surface which is attached to the inclined plane of the upper surface seat of the second-order column body on the upper part of the hollow seat 4. The inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block 5 are rectangular or trapezoidal, and when the outer surface and the inner surface are trapezoidal, the long edge of the trapezoid is arranged above, and the short edge of the trapezoid is arranged below.

The outer surface and the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge 5 are equal-width surfaces or unequal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface.

When the outer surface and the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge 5 are different widths, namely the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide, the width of the inner surface is 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface.

The shape of the side surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge 5 is quadrilateral or polygonal, and when the upper and lower surfaces of the polyhedron of the movable wedge 5 are inclined planes, the side surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge 5 is trapezoidal; when one of the upper and lower surfaces of the polyhedron of the movable wedge 5 is a folded surface, the side surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge 5 is a polygon.

The movable plate mechanism comprises a group of movable plates 12, an upper sleeve 15, a partition plate frame 17 and a lower sleeve 18; the partition plate frame 17 is a flat plate, the shape of the flat plate is the same as the cross section of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the flat plate is installed on the upper surface of the lower sleeve 18 and is positioned at the boundary part of the lower cavity and the upper cavity, a hollow seat hole matched with the hollow seat 4 second-order cylinder is formed in the center part of the flat plate, the hollow seat 4 second-order cylinder penetrates through the hollow seat hole from the lower side, the upper surface of the hollow seat 4 first-order cylinder is attached to the lower surface of the partition plate frame 17, the lower surface of the hollow seat 4 first-order cylinder is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer 2 in the energy absorber, the outer surface of the hollow seat 4 first-order cylinder is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the lower sleeve, n long strip-shaped movable plate holes are formed in the periphery of the hollow seat hole of the partition plate frame 17 flat plate, n is the number of ribs of the hollow press block 6 prism, the lower surface of the movable plate 12 penetrates through The distance between the wall thickness of the upper sleeve 15 and the wall thickness of the upper sleeve is equal, the static wedge 11 is arranged in a space between the inner surface of the movable plate and the hollow pressing block 6, the outer surface of the static wedge 11 is attached to the inner surface of the movable plate 12, and the lower surface of the static wedge 11 is attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame 17 at the position between the hollow seat hole and the movable plate hole; and the group of movable plates 12 is formed by combining j movable plates, j is equal to the number i of the static wedge blocks 11, each movable plate 12 is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are horizontal planes, two side surfaces of the rectangular plate are vertical planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of the upper sleeve 15, the inner surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the outer surface of the static wedge blocks 11, and gaps are formed between every two adjacent movable plates 12 and are 5-100 mm. When the inner surface of the movable plate 12 is an arc surface, the outer surface of the static wedge block 11 is an arc surface; when the inner surface of the movable plate 12 is flat, the outer surface of the stationary wedge 11 is flat. The upper sleeve 15 is a sleeve with the outer surface attached to the wall surface of the upper chamber of the shell 1 and the shape identical to that of the upper chamber, the lower surface of the upper sleeve 15 is a plane and is attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame 17, and the upper sleeve is fixed on the wall of the upper chamber of the shell 1 through an upper sleeve positioning piece 16; when the upper chamber of the housing 1 is a cylindrical chamber, the outer surface of the upper sleeve 15 is a cylindrical surface, and the inner surface is a cylindrical surface or an m-prism surface; where the upper chamber of the housing 1 is an m-prism face chamber, the upper sleeve 15 is an m-prism sleeve.

When the inner surface of the upper sleeve 15 is a cylindrical surface, the outer surface of the movable plate 12 is an arc surface, and the inner surface is an arc surface or a plane; when the inner surface of the upper sleeve 15 is an m-prism surface, the outer surface of the movable plate 12 is a plane surface, and the inner surface is a plane surface.

The lower sleeve 18 is a sleeve with the outer surface jointed with the wall surface of the lower cavity of the shell 1 and the shape same as that of the lower cavity, the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower sleeve 18 are planes, the upper surface is jointed with the lower surface of the partition plate frame 17, and the lower surface is jointed with the upper surface of the bottom of the lower cavity of the shell 1;

the bearing plate assembly comprises a bearing plate 13 and a bearing plate fixing piece 14, wherein the bearing plate 13 is a flat plate, the bearing plate 13 is fixed on the top surface of the hollow pressing block 6 through the bearing plate fixing piece 14, and the upper surface of the movable plate 12 is attached to the lower surface of the bearing plate 13.

The other form of the combined buffer containing the movable plate and the sleeve further comprises an energy storage element 10, wherein the energy storage element 10 is an elastic element, the elastic element is provided with a central hole, the elastic element is arranged on the mandrel 7 through the central hole and is positioned in a space between the inner surface of the movable wedge 5 between the hollow pressing block 6 and the hollow seat 4 and the mandrel 7, and the elastic element is any one of a metal cylindrical spiral spring, a metal conical spiral spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a polymer elastomer or a viscoelastic body.

When parts are machined, all sharp corner positions of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4, the movable wedge 5, the hollow pressing block 6, the mandrel 7, the static wedge 11, the movable plate 12, the bearing plate 13, the upper sleeve 15, the lower sleeve 18 and the partition plate frame 17 are machined into round corners or chamfers.

The assembly process is as follows: firstly, a lower sleeve 18 is arranged in a shell 1, and then the end with threads of a mandrel 7 penetrates through a cylindrical stepped hole in the center of the bottom of the shell 1 to reach the upper end of the shell 1, and the end with a shaft shoulder of the mandrel 7 is matched with the cylindrical stepped hole in the center of the bottom of the shell 1; then, the first metal spacer 2 is fitted into the mandrel 7, the first polymeric elastic member 3 is fitted into the mandrel 7, and all the metal spacers 2 and the polymeric elastic members 3 are fitted into the mandrel 7 alternately in this order, at the lower part of the housing 1; then, the hollow seat 4 and the energy storage element 10 are sequentially arranged in the mandrel 7, and the hollow seat 4 is positioned on the last metal spacer 2; then, the partition plate frame 17 and the upper sleeve 15 are sequentially loaded into the housing 1, and the upper sleeve 15 is positioned with respect to the housing 1 by the positioning member 16 of the upper sleeve 15. Then, i movable plates 12 are inserted into the movable plate holes of the partition plate frame 17, and i static wedges 11 and i movable wedges 5 are installed; the outer surfaces of the i movable plates 12 are attached to the corresponding inner surfaces of the upper sleeves 15, the bottom surfaces of the i movable plates are attached to the upper surface of the first-order column of the hollow seat 4, the outer surfaces of the i static wedges 11 are attached to the inner surfaces of the i movable plates 12, the inner surfaces of the i movable wedges 5 are attached to the outer surfaces of the i movable wedges, the bottom surfaces of the i static wedges are attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame 17, and the lower surface inclined plane of each movable wedge 5 is attached to the upper surface seat inclined plane of the second-order column of the hollow seat 4. Then, the hollow pressing block 6 is arranged in the mandrel 7, so that the hollow pressing block 6 is positioned on the energy storage element 10 and the movable wedge block 5, the inclined plane of the lower surface of the hollow pressing block 6 is attached to the inclined plane of the upper surface of the movable wedge block 5, and the energy storage element 10 is tightly pressed on the hollow seat 4 by the horizontal plane of the lower surface of the hollow pressing block 6; thereafter, the nut 8 is screwed into the threaded end of the spindle 7, the hollow pressing block 6 is pressed, and the threaded end of the spindle 7 and the nut 8 are coupled together by the anti-loosening member 9. Finally, the loading plate 13 is connected to the hollow pressing block 6 by the loading plate fixing member 14, and the movable plate 12 is disposed between the lower surface of the loading plate 13 and the upper surface of the lower stage column of the hollow base 4.

Example 1

The housing 1 is cylindrical in shape, the upper chamber of the housing is a regular quadrangular prism chamber, and the lower chamber of the housing is a regular quadrangular prism chamber. Seven high-molecular elastic elements 3, eight metal spacers 2, 1/3 the thickness of metal spacers 2 is that of high-molecular elastic elements 3;

the inner and outer surfaces of the movable plate 12 are flat; the outer surface of the static wedge block 11 is a plane; the upper sleeve 15 is a regular quadrangular prism sleeve; the partition plate frame 17 is a regular quadrilateral plate frame, the inner surface and the outer surface of the partition plate frame are regular quadrilateral cylindrical surfaces, the partition plate frame 17 is provided with four rectangular strip movable plate holes, the width of each movable plate hole is equal to the thickness of each movable plate, and the length of each movable plate hole is greater than that of each movable plate; the distance from the hollow seat hole edge of the partition plate frame 17 to the movable plate hole edge is equal to the width of the bottom surface of the static wedge block; the upper sleeve positioning element 16 is a set screw.

Four movable wedges 5, four static wedges 11 and four movable plates 12.

The hollow pressing block 6 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the movable wedge block 5 are folding surfaces formed by inclined planes and horizontal planes; the hollow seat 4 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism which is a second-order prism, the length of the diagonal line of the quadrangle of the upper second-order regular quadrangular cylinder is 5mm smaller than that of the quadrangle of the hollow seat hole of the partition plate frame 17, and the length of the perpendicular bisector of the lower first-order regular quadrangular cylinder is equal to the sum of the length of the perpendicular bisector of the hollow seat hole regular quadrangle of the partition plate frame 17, the width of the bottom surface of the static wedge 11 and the thickness of the movable plate 12.

The bearing plate 13 is a regular quadrilateral plate with the side length equal to that of a regular quadrilateral of the cross section of the first-order prism at the lower part of the hollow seat 4, and the bearing plate fixing piece 14 is a screw.

The included angle between the outer surface of the movable wedge 5 and the vertical plane is equal to the included angle between the inner surface of the static wedge 11 and the vertical plane, both are gamma, and gamma is 3 degrees.

The included angle between the inclined plane on the upper surface of the movable wedge block 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle between the inclined plane on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 and the horizontal plane, and both are alpha, and the alpha is 25 degrees; the included angle between the inclined plane of the lower surface of the movable wedge 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the second-order prism on the upper part of the hollow seat 4 and the horizontal plane, and the included angles are beta which is 25 degrees.

The metal spacer 2 is a planar spacer; the energy storage element 10 is a group of metal disc springs; the material of the polymer elastic element 3 is TPEE. All sharp corner parts of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4, the movable wedge 5, the hollow pressing block 6, the mandrel 7, the static wedge 11, the movable plate 12, the bearing plate 13, the upper sleeve 15, the lower sleeve 18 and the separating plate frame 17 are processed into round corners or chamfers.

Example 2

The shell is cylindrical in shape, the upper cavity of the shell is a regular hexagonal prism cavity, and the lower cavity of the shell is a regular hexagonal prism cavity. Seven high-molecular elastic elements 3, eight metal spacers 2, 1/3 the thickness of metal spacers 2 is that of high-molecular elastic elements 3;

the inner and outer surfaces of the movable plate 12 are flat; the outer surface of the static wedge block 11 is a plane; the upper sleeve 15 is a regular hexagonal prism sleeve; the partition plate frame 17 is a regular hexagonal plate frame, the inner surface and the outer surface of the partition plate frame are regular hexagonal cylindrical surfaces, the partition plate frame 17 is provided with six rectangular movable plate holes, the width of each movable plate hole is equal to the thickness of each movable plate, and the length of each movable plate hole is greater than that of each movable plate; the distance from the hollow seat hole edge of the partition plate frame 17 to the movable plate hole edge is equal to the width of the bottom surface of the static wedge block; the upper sleeve positioning element 16 is a set screw.

Six dynamic wedges 5, six static wedges 11 and six dynamic plates 12 are used.

The hollow pressing block 6 is a hollow regular hexagonal prism, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the movable wedge 5 are composed of an inclined plane and a horizontal plane; the hollow seat 4 is a hollow regular hexagonal prism which is a second-order prism, the length of the diagonal line of the hexagon of the upper second-order regular hexagonal prism is 5mm smaller than that of the hexagon of the hollow seat hole of the partition plate frame 17, and the length of the middle vertical line of the first-order regular hexagonal prism at the lower part is equal to the sum of the length of the middle vertical line of the regular hexagon of the hollow seat hole of the partition plate frame 17, the width of the bottom surface of the static wedge 11 and the thickness of the movable plate 12.

The bearing plate 13 is a regular hexagonal plate having a side length equal to that of a regular hexagon of a cross section of a first-order regular hexagonal prism at the lower part of the hollow seat 4, and the bearing plate fixing member 14 is a screw.

The included angle between the outer surface of the movable wedge 5 and the vertical plane is equal to the included angle between the inner surface of the static wedge 11 and the vertical plane, both are gamma, and gamma is 3 degrees.

The included angle between the inclined plane on the upper surface of the movable wedge block 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle between the inclined plane on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 and the horizontal plane, and both are alpha, and the alpha is 25 degrees; the included angle between the inclined plane of the lower surface of the movable wedge 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the second-order column body on the upper part of the hollow seat 4 and the horizontal plane, and both are beta which is 25 degrees.

The metal spacer 2 is a planar spacer; the energy storage element 10 is not provided; the material of the polymer elastic element 3 is TPEE. All sharp corner parts of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4, the movable wedge 5, the hollow pressing block 6, the mandrel 7, the static wedge 11, the movable plate 12, the bearing plate 13, the upper sleeve 15, the lower sleeve 18 and the separating plate frame 17 are processed into round corners or chamfers.

Example 3

Essentially the same as in example 1, only the housing has a regular quadrangular prism, the side length of the carrier plate 13 being equal to the side length of the regular quadrangular prism of the housing.

Example 4

Basically, as in example 3, there are only two movable wedges, two stationary wedges and two movable plates.

Example 5

Basically the same as example 2, only the angle between the outer surface of the movable wedge 5 and the vertical plane and the angle γ between the inner surface of the stationary wedge 11 and the vertical plane were 2 °, the angle between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the movable wedge 5 and the horizontal plane and the angle α between the inclined plane of the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 and the horizontal plane were 23 °.

Example 6

The shape of the shell 1 is cylindrical, the upper chamber of the shell 1 is a cylindrical surface, and the lower chamber of the shell is a cylindrical surface. Seven high-molecular elastic elements 3, eight metal spacers 2, 1/3 the thickness of metal spacers 2 is that of high-molecular elastic elements 3;

the upper sleeve 15 is a cylindrical sleeve; the inner and outer surfaces of the movable plate 12 are all cylindrical surfaces; the outer surface of the static wedge block 11 is a cylindrical surface, and the inner surface is a plane; the separating plate frame 17 is a plate frame with a cylindrical surface on the outer surface and a regular quadrilateral cylindrical surface on the inner surface, the separating plate frame 17 is provided with four strip-shaped movable plate holes, the surface close to the outer side in the length direction of the movable plate holes is a cylindrical surface attached to the outer surface of the movable plate 12, the surface close to the inner side is a cylindrical surface attached to the inner surface of the movable plate 12, the width of each movable plate hole is equal to the thickness of the movable plate, and the length of each movable plate hole is greater; the upper sleeve positioning element 16 is a set screw.

Four dynamic wedges 5, four static wedges 11 and four dynamic plates 12 are used.

The hollow pressing block 6 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the movable wedge 5 are composed of an inclined plane and a horizontal plane; the hollow seat 4 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism which is a second-order prism, the length of the diagonal line of the quadrangle of the upper second-order regular quadrangular prism column is 5mm smaller than that of the quadrangle of the hollow seat hole of the partition plate frame 17, and the length of the perpendicular bisector of the lower first-order regular quadrangular prism is equal to the sum of the length of the perpendicular bisector of the hollow seat hole regular quadrangle of the partition plate frame 17, the width of the bottom surface of the static wedge 11 and the thickness of the movable plate 12.

The bearing plate 13 is a regular quadrilateral plate with the side length equal to that of a regular quadrilateral of the cross section of a first-order regular quadrangular prism at the lower part of the hollow seat 4, and the bearing plate fixing piece 14 is a screw.

The included angle between the outer surface of the movable wedge 5 and the vertical plane is equal to the included angle between the inner surface of the static wedge 11 and the vertical plane, both are gamma, and gamma is 3 degrees.

The included angle between the inclined plane on the upper surface of the movable wedge block 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle between the inclined plane on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 and the horizontal plane, and both are alpha, and the alpha is 25 degrees; the included angle between the inclined plane of the lower surface of the movable wedge 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the cylinder at the upper part of the hollow seat 4 and the horizontal plane, and both are beta which is 25 degrees.

The metal spacer 2 is a planar spacer; the energy storage element 10 is a group of metal disc springs; the material of the polymer elastic element 3 is TPEE. All sharp corner parts of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4, the movable wedge 5, the hollow pressing block 6, the mandrel 7, the static wedge 11, the movable plate 12, the bearing plate 13, the upper sleeve 15, the lower sleeve 18 and the separating plate frame 17 are processed into round corners or chamfers.

Example 7

Basically the same as example 6, except that the outer surface of the movable plate 12 is a cylindrical surface and the inner surface is a flat surface; the outer surface of the static wedge block 11 is a plane; the surface of the movable plate hole close to the outer side in the length direction is a cylindrical surface attached to the outer surface of the movable plate 12, the surface close to the inner side is a plane attached to the inner surface of the movable plate 12, and an energy storage element is not arranged.

Claims (6)

1. A combined buffer containing a movable plate and a sleeve comprises a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge-shaped mechanisms and a group of connecting pieces, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanisms and the connecting pieces are arranged in a shell (1); the inner part of the shell (1) is composed of a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated with each other, the bottom of the lower cavity is sealed, a circular step through hole is formed in the center of the bottom, and the top of the upper cavity is opened; the energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements (3) and a group of metal spacers (2), the high polymer elastic elements (3) are hollow cylinders with cambered upper and lower surfaces, and the center of each cylinder is provided with an elastic element center hole; the metal spacer (2) is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer (2) is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the high polymer elastic element (3), and a metal spacer central hole is formed in the center of the thin sheet; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block (6), a wedge block and a hollow seat (4); the connecting piece comprises a mandrel (7), a nut (8) and a threaded connection anti-loosening piece (9) and is a connecting mechanism of the shell (1), the energy absorber and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel (7) is provided with a shaft shoulder, the shaft shoulder is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell to play a role in axial positioning, the other end of the mandrel (7) is provided with an external thread, and the external thread is matched with the nut (8) and forms threaded connection through the threaded connection anti-loosening piece (9); one end of the mandrel (7) with a shaft shoulder is arranged in a central circular step through hole at the bottom of the shell (1), the other end passes through the shell (1) and is arranged at the top of the shell (1), the metal spacer (2), the macromolecular elastic element (3), the hollow seat (4) and the hollow pressing block (6) are sequentially arranged on the mandrel (7) through respective central holes, the metal spacer (2), the macromolecular elastic element (3), the hollow seat (4) and the hollow pressing block (6) are fixedly connected with the shell (1) through a nut (8) and a threaded connection anti-loosening piece (9), a central hole of the metal spacer (2), a central hole of the hollow seat (4), a central hole of the hollow pressing block (6) and a mandrel (7) are in clearance fit, the axis of the central hole of the macromolecular elastic element coincides with the axis of the mandrel (7), and a gap is reserved between the central hole of the macromolecular elastic element (3) and the mandrel (7); the wedge block and the hollow pressing block (6) are positioned in an upper cavity of the shell (1), and the energy absorber composed of the polymer elastic element (3) and the metal spacer (2) is positioned in a lower cavity of the shell (1); the combined buffer containing the movable plate and the sleeve is characterized by also comprising a movable plate mechanism and a bearing plate component;

the hollow pressing block (6) of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a hollow n-prism, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6) is sealed, a pressing block center hole is formed in the center of the bottom, the upper portion of the hollow pressing block (6) is opened, the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6) is composed of a pressing block inclined plane and a pressing block horizontal plane, the pressing block horizontal plane is an n-edge-shaped plane located in the center of the outer surface of the bottom, the pressing block inclined plane is a plane connected between the pressing block horizontal plane and the bottom edge of the side face of the hollow pressing block (6), the pressing block inclined plane inclines upwards and outwards from the pressing block horizontal plane, an included; the hollow seat (4) of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a second-order hollow cylinder, a hollow seat center hole is formed in the center of the second-order hollow cylinder, the upper second-order cylinder of the second-order hollow cylinder is located on the lower portion of the upper cavity of the shell (1), the lower first-order cylinder is located on the upper portion of the lower cavity of the shell (1), the lower first-order cylinder is a cylinder or a prism, when the lower first-order cylinder is a prism, the number of the prisms is equal to that of the prisms of the hollow pressing block (6), the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower first-order cylinder are planes, the upper second-order cylinder is a cylinder or a prism, when the upper second-order cylinder is a prism, the number of the prisms is equal to that of the prisms of the hollow pressing block (6), the upper surface of the upper second-order cylinder is a seat folding plane formed by a seat horizontal plane and a seat inclined plane, the seat, n is the prism number of the hollow pressing block (6), the seat inclined plane is a plane which is inclined downwards and outwards from the seat horizontal plane along the outer edge of the seat horizontal plane, the included angle between the seat inclined plane and the horizontal plane is beta, and beta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees; the wedge blocks of the wedge-shaped mechanism comprise a group of dynamic wedge blocks (5) and a group of static wedge blocks (11); the group of static wedges (11) is formed by combining i wedges, i is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n, n is the number of edges of a prism of the hollow pressing block (6), i is a positive integer, each static wedge (11) is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are both planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of the movable plate, the inner surface of each static wedge (11) is an inclined plane, the included angle between each inclined plane and a vertical plane is gamma, gamma is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, the inclined planes are inclined downwards and inwards from the upper edge of each static wedge (11), two side surfaces are right trapezoid planes, and a gap is reserved between every; the group of movable wedges (5) is formed by combining wedges with the same number as the static wedges, each movable wedge (5) is a polyhedral block, the outer surface of the polyhedral block is an inclined plane attached to the inner surface of the static wedge (11), the included angle between the inclined plane and the vertical plane is equal to the included angle gamma between the inclined plane of the static wedge (11) and the vertical plane, the upper edge of a driven wedge (5) of the inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards, the inner surface of the polyhedral block is a vertical plane, two side surfaces of the polyhedral block are planes with the same shape, the upper surface of the polyhedral block is a surface attached to the inclined plane of a pressing block at the bottom of a hollow pressing block (6), the lower surface of the polyhedral block is a surface attached to the inclined plane of a second-order cylindrical upper surface seat of the hollow seat (4), the movable wedges (5) are arranged between the hollow pressing block (6) and the hollow seat (4), and a space is arranged between the inner surface of the movable wedges, a gap is reserved between two adjacent movable wedges (5);

the movable plate mechanism comprises a group of movable plates (12), an upper sleeve (15), a partition plate frame (17) and a lower sleeve (18); the partition plate frame (17) is a flat plate, the shape of the flat plate is the same as the cross section of the upper cavity of the shell (1), the flat plate is installed on the upper surface of the lower sleeve (18) and located at the boundary of the lower cavity and the upper cavity, a hollow seat hole matched with the second-order cylinder of the hollow seat (4) is formed in the center of the flat plate, the second-order cylinder of the hollow seat (4) penetrates through the hollow seat hole from the lower side, the upper surface of the first-order cylinder of the hollow seat (4) is attached to the lower surface of the partition plate frame (17), the lower surface of the first-order cylinder of the hollow seat (4) is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer (2) in the energy absorber, the outer surface of the first-order cylinder of the hollow seat (4) is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the lower sleeve, n long strip-shaped movable plate holes are formed in the periphery of the hollow seat hole of the partition plate frame (17), n is the number of prisms of the, the distance between the long edge of the long strip-shaped movable plate hole of the partition plate frame (17), which is close to the inner wall of the upper cavity of the shell (1), and the inner wall of the upper cavity of the shell (1) is equal to the wall thickness of the upper sleeve (15), the static wedge block (11) is arranged in the space between the inner surface of the movable plate and the hollow pressing block (6), the outer surface of the static wedge block (11) is attached to the inner surface of the movable plate (12), and the lower surface of the static wedge block (11) is attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame (17) at the position between the; the group of movable plates (12) is formed by combining j movable plates, the number of j movable plates is equal to the number of i static wedges (11), each movable plate (12) is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are horizontal planes, two side surfaces of the rectangular plate are vertical planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of the upper sleeve (15), the inner surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the outer surface of the static wedges (11), and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent movable plates (12); the upper sleeve (15) is a sleeve, the outer surface of the upper sleeve is attached to the wall surface of the upper cavity of the shell (1), the shape of the sleeve is the same as that of the upper cavity, the lower surface of the upper sleeve (15) is a plane and is attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame (17), and the upper sleeve is fixed on the wall of the upper cavity of the shell (1) through an upper sleeve positioning piece (16); the lower sleeve (18) is a sleeve, the outer surface of the lower sleeve is attached to the wall surface of the lower cavity of the shell (1), the shape of the sleeve is the same as that of the lower cavity, the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower sleeve (18) are planes, the upper surface is attached to the lower surface of the separating plate frame (17), and the lower surface is attached to the upper surface of the bottom of the lower cavity of the shell (1);

the bearing plate assembly comprises a bearing plate (13) and a bearing plate fixing piece (14), the bearing plate (13) is a flat plate, the bearing plate (13) is fixed on the top surface of the hollow pressing block (6) through the bearing plate fixing piece (14), and the upper surface of the movable plate (12) is attached to the lower surface of the bearing plate (13).

2. A modular bumper assembly including a movable plate and a sleeve as defined in claim 1, further comprising: the upper surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block (5) is an upper inclined plane or an upper folded plane, the upper inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper side of the outer surface of the polyhedron block, the included angle between the upper inclined plane and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle alpha between the inclined plane of the pressing block on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6) and the horizontal plane of the pressing block, the upper inclined plane is a plane attached to the inclined plane of the pressing block on the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6), the upper folded plane is formed by connecting the upper horizontal plane of the movable wedge block and the upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block, the upper horizontal plane of the movable wedge block of the upper folded plane is a plane connected with the outer surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block (5), the upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block is a plane connected between the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block (5) and the upper horizontal plane of the movable wedge block, the upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper horizontal plane of The upper inclined plane of the movable wedge block in the upward folding plane is a surface which is attached to the inclined plane of the pressing block at the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6); the lower surface of the movable wedge block (5) is a lower inclined plane or a lower folded surface, the lower inclined plane is inclined upwards and inwards from the lower side of the outer surface of the polyhedral block, the included angle between the lower inclined plane and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle beta between the inclined plane of the upper surface seat of the second-order cylinder at the upper part of the hollow seat (4) and the water plane of the seat, the lower inclined plane is a surface attached to the inclined plane of the upper surface seat of the second-order cylinder at the upper part of the hollow seat (4), the lower folded surface is a surface formed by connecting the lower horizontal plane of the movable wedge block and the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block, the lower horizontal plane of the movable wedge block is a surface connected with the outer surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block (5), the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block is a surface connected between the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block (5) and the lower horizontal plane of the movable wedge block, the included angle between the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block and the upper inclined plane of the second-order cylinder at the Beta is the same, and the lower inclined plane of the movable wedge block in the lower folding surface is a surface which is attached to the inclined plane of the upper surface seat of the second-order column body at the upper part of the hollow seat (4).

3. A modular bumper assembly including a movable plate and a sleeve as defined in claim 2, further comprising: the outer surface and the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block (5) are equal-width surfaces or unequal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface; the outer surface and the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block (5) are unequal-width surfaces with narrow inner surface and wide outer surface, and the width of the inner surface is 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface.

4. A modular bumper assembly including a movable plate and a sleeve as defined in claim 3, further comprising: the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the shell (1) are m prism chambers or cylindrical chambers, m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, and the upper chamber and the lower chamber are chambers with the same shape or different shapes.

5. The combination damper including a movable plate and a sleeve as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the combined buffer containing the movable plate and the sleeve further comprises an energy storage element (10), wherein the energy storage element (10) is an elastic element, the elastic element is provided with a central hole, the elastic element is arranged on the mandrel (7) through the central hole and is positioned in a space between the inner surface of the movable wedge block (5) between the hollow pressing block (6) and the hollow seat (4) and the mandrel (7), and the elastic element is any one of a metal cylindrical spiral spring, a metal conical spiral spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a polymer elastomer or a viscoelastic body.

6. The modular damper including a movable plate and a sleeve as in claim 5, wherein: and the gap between two adjacent movable wedges (5), the gap between two adjacent static wedges (11) and the gap between two adjacent movable plates (12) are all 5-100 mm.

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