CN112249079A - Combined buffer - Google Patents

Abstract

A combined buffer comprises a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge-shaped mechanisms and a group of connecting pieces, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanisms and the connecting pieces are arranged in a shell; the energy absorber comprises a group of macromolecule elastic elements and a group of metal spacers; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block, a wedge block, a hollow seat and an upper cavity of the shell; the coupling comprises a mandrel, a nut and a thread coupling anti-loosening element; the energy absorber and the wedge mechanism are fixedly connected with the shell through the connecting piece. The beneficial effects are that: has higher energy absorption rate than the prior elastomer buffer; the dynamic performance is better than that of the existing elastomer buffer; the use and maintenance operation are simple, and the reliability is high.

Description

Combined buffer

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical engineering, particularly relates to mechanical equipment for damping vibration and relieving impact, and particularly relates to a coupler buffer for a locomotive vehicle.

Background

In the current freight locomotive and vehicle coupler buffers applied at home and abroad, the vapor-liquid and cement buffers have better buffering performance but general reliability; the rubber buffer has lower capacity; the all-steel friction type buffer has high reliability, but has unstable buffering performance and large discreteness; the friction daub and the friction hydraulic buffer have excellent buffering performance, but the two types of buffers have complicated structures and poor reliability.

The high polymer elastomer (TPEE) buffer has good ageing resistance, sensitivity to temperature far lower than that of rubber, strong vibration absorption capacity, stable buffering and stable performance; the maximum resistance is high; the capacity is large; the absorption rate is high; the reliability is high; the temperature application range is wide. However, the absorption rate of the buffer is about 70%, and the requirement of the modern rolling stock on the high energy absorption rate of the buffer cannot be met.

In the prior art, the energy absorption rate of the invention patent 'polymer elastic element and metal friction element combined buffer' with the application number of 201510736219.2 and the invention patent 'polymer elastic element and wedge mechanism combined buffer' with the application number of 201610868232.8 are both higher than that of a polymer elastomer (TPEE) buffer, but other performances have room for improvement.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to further improve the energy absorption rate of the macromolecular elastomer buffer, and simultaneously provides the buffer which has the advantages of the conventional macromolecular elastomer buffer and has good dynamic performance, thereby overcoming the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a combined buffer comprises a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge-shaped mechanisms and a group of connecting pieces, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanisms and the connecting pieces are arranged in a shell; the inner part of the shell is composed of a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated with each other, the bottom of the lower cavity is sealed, a circular step through hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the lower cavity, and the top of the upper cavity is opened; the energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements and a group of metal spacers, the high polymer elastic elements are hollow cylinders with cambered upper and lower surfaces, and the centers of the cylinders are provided with elastic element center holes; the metal spacer is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the high polymer elastic element, and a center hole of the metal spacer is formed in the center of the thin sheet; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block, a wedge block, a hollow seat and an upper cavity of the shell; the connecting piece comprises a mandrel, a nut and a thread connection anti-loosening piece, and is a connecting mechanism of the shell, the energy absorbing body and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel is provided with a shaft shoulder which is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell to play a role in axial positioning, the other end of the mandrel is provided with an external thread, and the external thread is matched with the nut and forms thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening piece; one end of the mandrel with a shaft shoulder is arranged in a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell, the other end of the mandrel penetrates through the shell and is arranged at the top of the shell, the metal spacer, the polymer elastic element, the hollow seat and the hollow pressing block are sequentially arranged on the mandrel, the metal spacer, the polymer elastic element, the hollow seat and the hollow pressing block are fixedly connected with the shell through nuts and thread connection anti-loosening pieces, the metal spacer, the polymer elastic element, the hollow seat and the hollow pressing block are arranged on the mandrel through respective central holes, clearance fit is formed among the metal spacer central hole, the hollow seat central hole and the hollow pressing block central hole and the mandrel, the axis of the central hole of the polymer elastic element is superposed with the axis of the mandrel, and a; the wedge block, the hollow seat and the hollow pressing block are positioned in an upper cavity of the shell, and the energy absorber consisting of the polymer elastic element and the metal spacer is positioned in a lower cavity of the shell, and the energy absorber is characterized in that the upper cavity of the shell is a cylinder surrounded by n isosceles trapezoid planes, n is more than or equal to 4, the long side of each trapezoid plane is arranged above, and the short side is arranged below, so that an inverted frustum pyramid-shaped cylinder is formed; the hollow pressing block is a hollow n prism, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of a cavity at the upper part of the shell, the bottom of the hollow pressing block is sealed, a pressing block center hole is formed in the center of the bottom, the upper part of the hollow pressing block is open, the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block is composed of a pressing block inclined plane and a pressing block horizontal plane, the pressing block horizontal plane is an n-edge plane located in the center of the outer surface of the bottom, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the cavity at the upper part of the shell, the pressing block inclined plane is a plane connected between each edge of the pressing block horizontal plane and the bottom edge of each side face of the hollow prism of the hollow pressing block, the pressing block inclined plane is inclined upwards and outwards from; the hollow seat is an n-prism, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of a cavity at the upper part of the shell, the upper surface of the hollow seat is composed of a hollow seat horizontal plane and a hollow seat inclined plane, the hollow seat horizontal plane is an n-polygon plane positioned at the central part of the upper surface of the hollow seat, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the cavity at the upper part of the shell, the hollow seat inclined plane is a plane connected between each edge of the hollow seat horizontal plane and the upper edge of each side surface of the hollow seat prism, the hollow seat inclined plane is inclined downwards and outwards from the hollow seat horizontal plane, an included angle between the hollow seat inclined plane and the horizontal plane is beta, beta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or; the wedge block is a polyhedron, the inner surface of the polyhedron is a vertical plane, the outer surface of the polyhedron is an inclined plane, the inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper side, the inclination angle is gamma, gamma is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, and the outer surface of the polyhedron is a plane which is attached to the trapezoidal plane of the inner surface of the upper chamber of the shell; the upper surface of the polyhedron is a plane which is attached to the inclined plane of the pressing block on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block; the lower surface of the polyhedron is a plane which is attached to the inclined plane of the hollow seat on the upper surface of the hollow seat; two sides of the polyhedron are planes with the same shape; the wedge blocks are composed of i blocks, n is more than or equal to i and more than or equal to 2, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell, the i blocks of wedge blocks are installed between the hollow seat and the hollow pressing block, a gap is reserved between every two adjacent wedge blocks, and a space is reserved between the inner surfaces of the wedge blocks and the mandrel.

The invention relates to a combined buffer, which is characterized in that: the upper surface of the wedge block polyhedron is an upper inclined plane or an upper folding plane formed by connecting an upper horizontal plane of the wedge block with an upper inclined plane of the wedge block; the upper inclined plane of the polyhedron is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper edge of the outer surface of the polyhedron, the inclination angle is equal to the included angle alpha between the inclined plane of the pressing block on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block and the horizontal plane of the pressing block, and the upper inclined plane is a surface attached to the inclined plane of the pressing block on the bottom of the hollow pressing block; the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block of the upward folding surface is a surface connected with the outer surface of a polyhedron of the wedge block, the upper inclined plane of the wedge block is a surface connecting the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block, the upper inclined plane of the wedge block is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block, the included angle between the upper inclined plane of the wedge block and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block is the same as the included angle alpha between the inclined plane of the pressing block at the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block and the horizontal plane of the pressing block, and the upper inclined plane of the wedge; the lower surface of the wedge block is a lower inclined plane or a lower folding plane formed by connecting the lower horizontal plane of the wedge block with the lower inclined plane of the wedge block; the lower inclined plane of the polyhedron inclines upwards and inwards from the lower edge of the outer surface of the polyhedron, the inclination angle is equal to the included angle beta between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat and the horizontal plane, and the lower inclined plane is a surface which is attached to the inclined plane of the hollow seat on the upper surface of the hollow seat; the lower horizontal plane of the downward folding surface is a surface connected with the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron, the lower inclined plane of the wedge is a surface connecting the inner surface of the wedge polyhedron and the lower horizontal plane, the lower inclined plane of the wedge inclines upwards and inwards from the lower horizontal plane of the wedge, the included angle between the lower inclined plane of the wedge and the lower horizontal plane of the wedge is the same as the included angle beta between the inclined plane of the hollow seat on the upper surface of the hollow seat and the horizontal plane of the hollow seat, and the lower inclined plane of the wedge in the downward folding surface is a surface attached to the inclined plane of the hollow seat on the upper surface of the hollow seat.

The invention relates to a combined buffer, which is characterized in that: the inner surface and the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron are equal-width surfaces or unequal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface; when the inner surface and the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron are different widths, namely the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide, the width of the inner surface is 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface.

The inner surface and the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron are rectangular or trapezoidal, and when the inner surface and the outer surface are trapezoidal, the long side of the trapezoid is arranged above, and the short side is arranged below. The side surface of the wedge polyhedron is quadrilateral or polygonal, and when the upper surface and the lower surface of the wedge polyhedron are inclined planes, the side surface of the wedge polyhedron is trapezoidal; when one of the upper and lower surfaces of the wedge polyhedron is a fold, the side surface of the wedge polyhedron is a polygon.

The invention relates to a combined buffer, which is characterized in that: the taper of the inverted frustum pyramid-shaped cylinder of the upper cavity of the shell is the same as the inclination angle gamma of the outer surface of the wedge polyhedron; the housing lower chamber is a cylindrical cylinder or an n-prism cylinder.

The invention relates to a combined buffer, which is characterized in that: the combined buffer also comprises an energy storage element which is an elastic element, the elastic element is provided with a central hole, and the elastic element is arranged on the mandrel through the central hole and is positioned in a space between the inner surface of the wedge block between the hollow pressing block and the hollow seat and the mandrel.

The invention relates to a combined buffer, which is characterized in that: the elastic element of the energy storage element is any one of a metal cylindrical spiral spring, a metal conical spiral spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a polymer elastic body or a viscoelastic body.

The invention relates to a combined buffer, which is characterized in that: and the gap between two adjacent wedges is 5-100 mm.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: when impact load acts on the hollow pressing block along the axial direction, the hollow pressing block pushes the wedge block, the wedge block pushes the hollow seat, the hollow seat pushes the metal spacer and the high-molecular elastic element assembly, and the axial load acts on the bottom of the shell through the metal spacer. In the process, the inclined plane of the lower surface of the hollow pressing block and the inclined plane of the upper surface of the wedge block are mutually extruded to generate relative motion and friction; the outer surface of the wedge block and the inner surface of the upper chamber of the shell are mutually extruded to generate relative motion and friction; the inclined plane on the lower surface of the wedge block and the inclined plane on the upper surface of the hollow seat are mutually extruded to generate relative motion and friction; friction on these faces dissipates energy, thereby increasing the energy absorption rate of the bumper; at the same time, the axial force from the hollow seat makes the polymeric elastic element assembly generate axial compression deformation to absorb the impact energy, and the radial friction between the metal spacer and the polymeric elastic element consumes a part of the impact energy. After the axial impact load disappears, the macromolecule elastic element recovers to deform to push the hollow seat, the wedge block and the hollow pressing block to move from bottom to top; meanwhile, the energy storage element between the hollow seat and the hollow pressing block is compressed and deformed to store part of energy in the rebound process, rebound impact is relieved, and finally all elements are restored to the state before being subjected to impact load.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the impact energy consumed by the wedge-shaped mechanism consisting of the hollow pressing block, the wedge block, the hollow seat and the inner surface of the upper cavity of the shell greatly improves the energy absorption rate of the buffer.

2. The compressed energy storage element generates micro-elongation when bearing impact load, so that the impact on the elements below the energy storage element is reduced; in the rebound process, the energy storage element is compressed and deformed to store part of energy in the rebound process, and rebound impact is relieved; thus, the present invention provides better dynamic performance of the damper than prior art elastomeric dampers.

3. The buffer has wide application range, can be used as a locomotive car coupler buffer, and can also be applied to vibration reduction and buffering equipment in other industries such as mining machinery, metallurgical machinery, petroleum machinery and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a combined buffer structure according to the present invention

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a housing having four identical isosceles trapezoidal upper chambers

FIG. 3 is a side view schematic of FIG. 2

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of FIG. 2

FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a hollow compact having a square prism shape

FIG. 6 is a side view schematic of FIG. 5

FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of FIG. 5

FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a wedge having upper and lower surfaces consisting of inclined planes and horizontal planes, wherein the inner and outer surfaces are rectangular and the inner and outer surfaces are equal in width

FIG. 8-1 is a front view of a wedge having upper and lower surfaces consisting of inclined planes and horizontal planes, wherein inner and outer surfaces are trapezoidal and the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide

FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of FIG. 8

FIG. 9-1 is a schematic top view of FIG. 8-1

FIG. 10 is a side schematic view of FIG. 8

FIG. 10-1 is a schematic side view of FIG. 8-1

FIG. 11 is a front view of a wedge having upper and lower surfaces formed by inclined planes, wherein the inner and outer surfaces are rectangular and the inner and outer surfaces have the same width

FIG. 11-1 is a front view of a wedge having upper and lower surfaces formed by inclined planes, wherein inner and outer surfaces are trapezoidal and the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide

FIG. 12 is a schematic top view of FIG. 11

Figure 12-1 is a schematic top view of figure 11-1,

FIG. 13 is a side view of FIG. 11

FIG. 13-1 is a schematic side view of FIG. 11-1

FIG. 14 is a front view of the hollow base in the shape of a regular quadrangular prism

FIG. 15 is a schematic top view of FIG. 14

FIG. 16 is a schematic front view of a housing with six identical isosceles trapezoidal surfaces in the upper chamber

FIG. 17 is a side schematic view of FIG. 16

FIG. 18 is a top schematic view of FIG. 16

FIG. 19 is a schematic front view of a hollow compact having a regular hexagonal prism shape

FIG. 20 is a top schematic view of FIG. 19

FIG. 21 is a side schematic view of FIG. 19

FIG. 22 is a front view of a hollow base with a regular hexagonal prism

FIG. 23 is a top schematic view of FIG. 22

FIG. 24 is a side schematic view of FIG. 22

In the figure, 1, a shell, 2, a metal spacer, 3, a high-molecular elastic element, 4, a hollow seat, 5, a wedge block, 6, a hollow pressing block, 7, a mandrel, 8, a nut, 9, a threaded connection anti-loosening element, 10 and an energy storage element.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and specific examples.

A combined buffer comprises a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge-shaped mechanisms and a group of connecting pieces, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanisms and the connecting pieces are arranged in a shell 1; the interior of the shell 1 consists of a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated with each other, the bottom of the lower cavity is sealed, a circular stepped through hole is formed in the center of the bottom, and the top of the upper cavity is opened; the energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements 3 and a group of metal spacers 2, the high polymer elastic elements 3 are hollow cylinders with cambered upper and lower surfaces, and the centers of the cylinders are provided with elastic element center holes; the metal spacer 2 is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer 2 is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the high polymer elastic element 3, and a metal spacer central hole is formed in the center of the thin sheet; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block 6, a wedge block 5, a hollow seat 4 and an upper cavity of the shell 1; the connecting piece comprises a mandrel 7, a nut 8 and a thread connection anti-loosening piece 9, and is a connecting mechanism of the shell 1, the energy absorbing body and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel 7 is provided with a shaft shoulder which is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell 1 to play an axial positioning role, the other end of the mandrel 7 is provided with an external thread which is matched with the nut 8 and forms thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening piece 9; one end of a mandrel 7 with a shaft shoulder is arranged in a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell 1, the other end of the mandrel passes through the shell 1 and is arranged at the top of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the high-molecular elastic element 3, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are sequentially arranged on the mandrel 7, the metal spacer 2, the high-molecular elastic element 3, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are fixedly connected with the shell 1 through nuts 8 and threaded connection anti-loosening pieces 9, wherein the metal spacer 2, the high-molecular elastic element 3, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are arranged on the mandrel 7 through respective central holes, the central holes of the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are in clearance fit with the mandrel 7, the axis of the central hole of the high-molecular elastic element coincides with the axis of the mandrel; the wedge 5, the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6 are positioned in the upper cavity of the shell 1, and the energy absorber consisting of the polymer elastic element 3 and the metal spacer 2 is positioned in the lower cavity of the shell 1; the upper chamber of the shell 1 is a cylinder body formed by n isosceles trapezoid planes in a surrounding mode, n is larger than or equal to 4, the long edge of each trapezoid plane is arranged on the upper side, the short edge of each trapezoid plane is arranged on the lower side, an inverted frustum pyramid cylinder body is formed, and the taper of the inverted frustum pyramid cylinder body of the upper chamber is the same as the inclination angle gamma of the outer surface of a polyhedron of the wedge block 5; the lower cavity of the shell 1 is a cylindrical cylinder or an n-prism cylinder; the hollow pressing block 6 is a hollow n prism, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 is sealed, a pressing block center hole is formed in the center of the bottom, the upper part of the hollow pressing block 6 is open, the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 consists of a pressing block inclined plane and a pressing block horizontal plane, the pressing block horizontal plane is an n-edge plane located in the center of the outer surface of the bottom, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the pressing block inclined plane is a plane connected between each edge of the pressing block horizontal plane and the bottom edge of each side face of the hollow prism of the hollow pressing block 6, the pressing block inclined plane is inclined upwards and outwards from the pressing block horizontal plane; the hollow seat 4 is an n-prism, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the upper surface of the hollow seat 4 is composed of a hollow seat horizontal plane and a hollow seat inclined plane, the hollow seat horizontal plane is an n-prism-shaped plane positioned at the center of the upper surface of the hollow seat 4, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the hollow seat inclined plane is a plane connected between each edge of the hollow seat horizontal plane and each upper edge of each side surface of the hollow seat 4 prism, the hollow seat inclined plane is inclined downwards and outwards from the hollow seat horizontal plane, an included angle between the hollow seat inclined plane and the horizontal plane is beta, beta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, and; the wedge block 5 is a polyhedron, the inner surface of the polyhedron is a vertical plane, the outer surface of the polyhedron is an inclined plane, the inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper side, the inclination angle is gamma, gamma is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, and the outer surface of the polyhedron is a plane which is attached to the trapezoidal plane of the inner surface of the upper chamber of the shell 1; the inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron are equal-width surfaces or unequal-width surfaces with the inner surface being narrow and the outer surface being wide, the unequal-width surfaces with the inner surface being narrow and the outer surface being wide are the surfaces with the width being 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface; the inner surface of the polyhedron is rectangular or trapezoidal; the upper surface of the polyhedron is an upper inclined plane which is attached to the inclined plane of the pressing block on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 or an upper folding plane which is formed by connecting an upper horizontal plane of a wedge block with an upper inclined plane of the wedge block, the upper inclined plane of the wedge block of the upper folding plane is a plane which is attached to the inclined plane of the pressing block on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6, the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block of the upper folding plane is a plane which is connected with the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block 5, the upper inclined plane of the wedge block is connected between the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block 5 and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block, the upper inclined plane of the wedge block is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block, and; the lower surface of the polyhedron is a lower inclined plane which is attached to the inclined plane of the hollow seat on the upper surface of the hollow seat 4 or a lower folding plane which is formed by connecting a lower wedge plane with a lower wedge plane, the lower wedge plane of the lower folding plane is a plane which is attached to the inclined plane of the hollow seat on the upper surface of the hollow seat 4, the lower horizontal plane of the lower folding plane is a plane which is connected with the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 5, the lower inclined plane of the wedge is a plane which is connected between the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 5 and the lower horizontal plane, the lower inclined plane of the wedge is inclined upwards and inwards by the lower wedge plane, and the included angle between the lower inclined plane of the wedge and the lower horizontal plane of the wedge is the same as the included angle beta between the inclined plane of the hollow; two sides of the polyhedron are planes with the same shape, the side is quadrilateral or polygonal, and when the upper and lower sides of the polyhedron of the wedge 5 are inclined planes, the side of the polyhedron of the wedge 5 is trapezoidal; when one of the upper and lower surfaces of the polyhedron is a folded surface, the side surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block 5 is a polygon; the wedge blocks 5 are composed of i blocks, n is larger than or equal to i and larger than or equal to 2, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the i block wedge blocks 5 are installed between the hollow seat 4 and the hollow pressing block 6, a gap is reserved between every two adjacent wedge blocks 5, the gap between every two adjacent wedge blocks 5 is 5-100 mm, and a space is reserved between the inner surface of each wedge block 5 and the mandrel 7.

Another embodiment of a combined buffer is: the combined buffer also comprises an energy storage element 10, wherein the energy storage element 10 is an elastic element, the elastic element is provided with a central hole, and the elastic element is arranged on the mandrel 7 through the central hole and is positioned in a space between the inner surface of the wedge block 5 between the hollow pressing block 6 and the hollow seat 4 and the mandrel 7; the elastic element is any one of a metal cylindrical helical spring, a metal conical helical spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a polymer elastic body or a viscoelastic body.

When parts are machined, all sharp corners of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4, the wedge 5 and the hollow pressing block 6 are machined into round corners or chamfers.

The assembly process is as follows: firstly, enabling one end of a spindle 7 with threads to penetrate through a central cylindrical stepped hole at the bottom of a shell 1 to reach the upper end of the shell 1, and enabling one end of the spindle 7 with a shaft shoulder to be matched with the central cylindrical stepped hole at the bottom of the shell 1; then, the first metal spacer 2 is arranged in the mandrel 7, the first macromolecule elastic element 3 is arranged in the mandrel 7, and all the metal spacers 2 and the macromolecule elastic elements 3 are arranged in the mandrel 7 alternately in sequence and are positioned in the lower chamber of the shell 1; then, the hollow seat 4 and the energy storage element 10 are sequentially arranged in the mandrel 7, and the hollow seat 4 is positioned on the last metal spacer 2; then, the i wedge blocks 5 are arranged on the hollow seat 4, so that the wedge blocks 5 are arranged between the hollow seat 4 and the shell 1, the outer surface of each wedge block 5 is attached to the inner surface of the upper cavity of the shell 1, and the lower surface of each wedge block 5 is attached to the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat 4; then, the hollow pressing block 6 is arranged in the mandrel 7, so that the hollow pressing block 6 is positioned on the energy storage element (10) and the wedge block 5, the inclined plane of the lower surface of the hollow pressing block 6 is attached to the inclined plane of the upper surface of the wedge block 5, and the energy storage element 10 is tightly pressed on the hollow seat 4; finally, the nut 8 is screwed into the threaded end of the spindle 7, the hollow pressing block 6 is pressed, and the threaded end of the spindle 7 and the nut 8 are connected by the anti-loosening element 9.

Example 1

The appearance of the shell 1 is cylindrical, an upper cavity of the shell 1 is formed by four same isosceles trapezoid planes, a lower cavity of the shell 1 is cylindrical, and the inner diameter of the lower cavity of the shell 1 is 20mm larger than the diagonal length of the maximum quadrilateral of the upper cavity. Seven high-molecular elastic elements 3, eight metal spacers 2, 1/3 the thickness of metal spacers 2 is that of high-molecular elastic elements 3; the hollow seat 4 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism, and the upper surface of the hollow seat is composed of an inclined plane and a horizontal plane; the hollow pressing block 6 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism, and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block consists of an inclined plane and a horizontal plane; the upper and lower surfaces of the wedge 5 are composed of an inclined plane and a horizontal plane; the included angle between the outer surface of the wedge 5 and the vertical plane is equal to the included angle between the inner surface of the upper cavity of the shell 1 and the vertical plane, both are gamma, and gamma is 3 degrees; the included angle between the inclined plane on the upper surface of the wedge block 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle between the inclined plane on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 and the horizontal plane, and both are alpha, and the alpha is 25 degrees; the included angle between the inclined plane of the lower surface of the wedge block 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat 4 and the horizontal plane, and beta is 25 degrees; the inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 5 are equal in width; four wedges 5 are used. The metal spacer 2 is a planar spacer; the energy storage element 10 is a group of metal cylindrical helical springs; the material of the polymer elastic element 3 is TPEE. All sharp corner parts of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4, the wedge 5 and the hollow pressing block 6 are processed into round corners or chamfers.

Example 2

The structure is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, only the upper cavity of the shell 1 is composed of six identical isosceles trapezoid planes, the hollow seat 4 is a hollow regular hexagonal prism, the hollow pressing block 6 is a hollow regular hexagonal prism, and the structure does not contain an energy storage element.

Example 3

Basically the same structure as that of the embodiment 1, only the shell 1 is in the shape of a regular quadrangular prism, and the lower chamber of the shell 1 is a regular quadrangular prism chamber.

Example 4

Basically the same structure as that of the embodiment 3, only two wedges 5 are provided, the inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge 5 are unequal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface, and the width of the inner surface is 10mm shorter than that of the outer surface.

Example 5

Basically the same structure as that of the embodiment 2, only the inclined angle gamma of the inclined plane of the outer surface of the wedge 5 is 2 degrees; the included angle alpha between the horizontal plane of the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 6 and the inclined plane is 23 degrees; the energy storage element 10 is a set of metal disc springs.

Claims (7)

1. A combined buffer comprises a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge-shaped mechanisms and a group of connecting pieces, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanisms and the connecting pieces are arranged in a shell (1); the inner part of the shell (1) is composed of a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated with each other, the bottom of the lower cavity is sealed, a circular step through hole is formed in the center of the bottom, and the top of the upper cavity is opened; the energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements (3) and a group of metal spacers (2), the high polymer elastic elements (3) are hollow cylinders with cambered upper and lower surfaces, and the center of each cylinder is provided with an elastic element center hole; the metal spacer (2) is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer (2) is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the high polymer elastic element (3), and a metal spacer central hole is formed in the center of the thin sheet; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block (6), a wedge block (5), a hollow seat (4) and an upper cavity of the shell (1); the connecting piece comprises a mandrel (7), a nut (8) and a thread connection anti-loosening piece (9) and is a connecting mechanism of the shell (1), the energy absorbing body and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel (7) is provided with a shaft shoulder, the shaft shoulder is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell (1) to play a role in axial positioning, the other end of the mandrel (7) is provided with an external thread, and the external thread is matched with the nut (8) and forms thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening piece (9); one end of a mandrel (7) with a shaft shoulder is arranged in a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of a shell (1), the other end of the mandrel penetrates through the shell (1) and is arranged at the top of the shell (1), a metal spacer (2), a high-molecular elastic element (3), a hollow seat (4) and a hollow pressing block (6) are sequentially arranged on the mandrel (7), the metal spacer (2), the high-molecular elastic element (3), the hollow seat (4) and the hollow pressing block (6) are fixedly connected with the shell (1) through nuts (8) and threaded connection anti-loosening elements (9), wherein the metal spacer (2), the high-molecular elastic element (3), the hollow seat (4) and the hollow pressing block (6) are arranged on the mandrel (7) through respective central holes, and the metal spacer (2) central hole, the hollow seat (4) central hole, the hollow pressing block (6) central hole and the mandrel (7) are in clearance, the axis of the central hole of the polymer elastic element is superposed with the axis of the mandrel (7), and a gap is reserved between the central hole of the polymer elastic element (3) and the mandrel (7); voussoir (5), hollow seat (4) and hollow briquetting (6) are located the upper portion cavity of casing (1), and the energy-absorbing body that polymer elastic element (3) and metal spacer (2) are constituteed is located the lower part cavity of casing (1) indoor, its characterized in that:

the upper chamber of the shell (1) is a cylinder body formed by n isosceles trapezoid planes in a surrounding mode, n is more than or equal to 4, the long edge of each trapezoid plane is arranged on the upper portion, and the short edge of each trapezoid plane is arranged on the lower portion, so that an inverted frustum pyramid-shaped cylinder body is formed;

the hollow pressing block (6) is a hollow n prism, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of an upper cavity of the shell (1), the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6) is sealed, a pressing block center hole is formed in the center of the bottom, an upper opening of the hollow pressing block (6) is formed, the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6) is composed of a pressing block inclined plane and a pressing block horizontal plane, the pressing block horizontal plane is an n-edge plane located in the center of the outer surface of the bottom, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell (1), the pressing block inclined plane is a plane connected between each edge of the pressing block horizontal plane and the bottom edge of each side face of the hollow prism of the hollow pressing block (6), the pressing block inclined plane is inclined upwards and outwards from the pressing block horizontal plane, the included angle;

the hollow seat (4) is an n-prism, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of a cavity at the upper part of the shell (1), the upper surface of the hollow seat (4) consists of a hollow seat horizontal plane and a hollow seat inclined plane, the hollow seat horizontal plane is an n-edge plane positioned at the central part of the upper surface of the hollow seat (4), n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the cavity at the upper part of the shell (1), the hollow seat inclined plane is a plane connected between each edge of the hollow seat horizontal plane and the upper edge of each side surface of the prism of the hollow seat (4), the hollow seat inclined plane is inclined downwards and outwards from the hollow seat horizontal plane, the included angle between the hollow seat inclined plane and the horizontal plane is beta, beta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, and;

the wedge block (5) is a polyhedron, the inner surface of the polyhedron is a vertical plane, the outer surface of the polyhedron is an inclined plane, the inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper side, the inclination angle is gamma, gamma is more than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 89 degrees, and the outer surface of the polyhedron is a plane which is attached to the trapezoidal plane of the inner surface of the upper chamber of the shell (1); the upper surface of the polyhedron is a plane which is attached to the pressing block inclined plane on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6); the lower surface of the polyhedron is a plane which is attached to the inclined plane of the hollow seat on the upper surface of the hollow seat (4); two sides of the polyhedron are planes with the same shape; the wedge blocks (5) are composed of i blocks, n is more than or equal to i and more than or equal to 2, n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell (1), the i block wedge blocks (5) are installed between the hollow seat (4) and the hollow pressing block (6), a gap is reserved between every two adjacent wedge blocks (5), and a space is reserved between the inner surface of each wedge block (5) and the mandrel (7).

2. The modular buffer of claim 1 wherein: the upper surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5) is an upper inclined plane or an upper folding plane formed by connecting an upper horizontal plane of the wedge block with the upper inclined plane of the wedge block; the upper inclined plane of the polyhedron is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper edge of the outer surface of the polyhedron, the inclination angle of the upper inclined plane of the polyhedron is equal to the included angle alpha between the inclined plane of the pressing block on the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6) and the horizontal plane of the pressing block, and the upper inclined plane is a surface attached to the inclined plane of the pressing block on the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6); the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block of the upward folding surface is a surface connected with the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5), the upper inclined plane of the wedge block is a surface connecting the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5) and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block, the upper inclined plane of the wedge block is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block, the included angle between the upper inclined plane of the wedge block and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block is the same as the included angle alpha between the inclined plane of the pressing block at the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (6) and the horizontal plane of the pressing block, and the upper inclined plane of the wedge block in the upward; the lower surface of the wedge block (5) is a lower inclined plane or a lower folding plane formed by connecting the lower inclined plane of the wedge block with the lower horizontal plane of the wedge block; the lower inclined plane of the polyhedron inclines upwards and inwards from the lower edge of the outer surface of the polyhedron, the inclination angle of the lower inclined plane of the polyhedron is equal to the included angle beta between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the hollow seat (4) and the horizontal plane, and the lower inclined plane is a surface which is attached to the inclined plane of the hollow seat on the upper surface of the hollow seat (4); the lower horizontal plane of the downward folding surface is a surface connected with the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5), the lower inclined plane of the wedge block is a surface connecting the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5) and the lower horizontal plane, the lower inclined plane of the wedge block is inclined upwards and inwards from the lower horizontal plane of the wedge block, the included angle between the lower inclined plane of the wedge block and the lower horizontal plane of the wedge block is the same as the included angle beta between the inclined plane of the hollow seat on the upper surface of the hollow seat (4) and the horizontal plane of the hollow seat, and the lower inclined plane of the wedge block in the downward folding surface is a surface attached to the inclined plane of the hollow.

3. The modular buffer of claim 2 wherein: the inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5) are surfaces with equal width or surfaces with narrow inner surface and unequal width; the inner surface and the outer surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block (5) are unequal-width surfaces with narrow inner surface and wide outer surface, and the width of the inner surface is 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface.

4. The modular buffer of claim 3 wherein: the taper of the inverted pyramid frustum-shaped cylinder of the upper cavity of the shell (1) is the same as the inclination angle gamma of the polyhedral outer surface of the wedge block (5); the lower cavity of the shell (1) is a cylindrical cylinder or an n-prism cylinder, and n is the number of trapezoidal surfaces of the upper cavity of the shell (1).

5. The modular buffer of claim 4 wherein: the combined buffer also comprises an energy storage element (10), wherein the energy storage element (10) is an elastic element, the elastic element is provided with a central hole, and the elastic element is arranged on the mandrel (7) through the central hole and is positioned in a space between the inner surface of the wedge block (5) between the hollow pressing block (6) and the hollow seat (4) and the mandrel (7).

6. The modular buffer of claim 5 wherein: the elastic element is any one of a metal cylindrical spiral spring, a metal conical spiral spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a polymer elastic body or a viscoelastic body.

7. The modular buffer of claim 6 wherein: and the gap between two adjacent wedges (5) is 5-100 mm.

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