CN213534704U

CN213534704U - Combined buffer with pyramid platform, containing movable plate and lower sleeve

Info

Publication number: CN213534704U
Application number: CN202022568098.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏延刚; 武树暄; 宋亚昕; 王睿嘉
Original assignee: Dalian Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Dalian Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2020-11-09
Filing date: 2020-11-09
Publication date: 2021-06-25
Anticipated expiration: 2030-11-09

Abstract

A combined buffer with a pyramid platform, comprising a movable plate and a lower sleeve comprises an energy absorber, a wedge-shaped mechanism, a connecting piece, a movable plate mechanism and a bearing plate assembly, wherein the energy absorber, the wedge-shaped mechanism, the connecting piece, the movable plate mechanism and the bearing plate assembly are arranged in a shell; the energy absorber comprises a polymer elastic element and a metal spacer, and the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block, a hollow pyramid platform, a wedge block and a hollow seat; the coupling comprises a mandrel, a nut and a thread coupling anti-loosening element; the shell, the energy absorber and the wedge-shaped mechanism are connected through the connecting piece; the wedge block comprises a movable wedge block and a static wedge block; the movable plate mechanism comprises a movable plate, a lining plate fixing piece, a partition plate frame and a lower sleeve; the bearing plate assembly comprises a bearing plate and a bearing plate fixing piece. The beneficial effects are that: the consumed impact energy is large, and the energy absorption rate is high; the product has better resilience performance; the application range is wide, and the damping and buffering device can be applied to vibration damping and buffering equipment in the industries of locomotives, mining machinery, metallurgical machinery, petroleum machinery and the like.

Description

Combined buffer with pyramid platform, containing movable plate and lower sleeve

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of mechanical engineering, especially, relate to damping and mechanical equipment who mitigatees the impact, in particular to car coupler buffer for rolling stock.

Background

In the current freight locomotive and vehicle coupler buffers applied at home and abroad, the vapor-liquid and cement buffers have good buffering performance but general reliability; the rubber buffer has lower capacity; the all-steel friction type buffer has high reliability, but has unstable buffering performance and large discreteness; the friction daub and the friction hydraulic buffer have excellent buffering performance, but the two types of buffers have complicated structures and poor reliability.

The high polymer elastomer (TPEE) buffer has good ageing resistance, sensitivity to temperature far lower than that of rubber, strong vibration absorption capacity, stable buffering and stable performance; the maximum resistance is high; the capacity is large; the absorption rate is high; the reliability is high; the temperature application range is wide. However, the absorption rate of the buffer is about 70%, and the requirement of the modern rolling stock on the high energy absorption rate of the buffer cannot be met.

In the prior art, the energy absorption rate of the invention patent 'polymer elastic element and metal friction element combined buffer' with the application number of 201510736219.2 and the invention patent 'polymer elastic element and wedge mechanism combined buffer' with the application number of 201610868232.8 are both higher than that of a polymer elastomer (TPEE) buffer, but other performances have room for improvement.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at further improving the energy absorption rate of polymer elastomer buffer, providing the advantage that has current polymer elastomer buffer simultaneously to have the buffer of good dynamic performance, overcome prior art's not enough.

The technical scheme of the utility model as follows: a combined buffer with a pyramid-shaped frustum and comprising a movable plate and a lower sleeve comprises a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge-shaped mechanisms and a group of connecting pieces, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanisms and the connecting pieces are arranged in a shell; the inner part of the shell is composed of a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated with each other, the bottom of the lower cavity is sealed, a circular step through hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the lower cavity, and the top of the upper cavity is opened; the energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements and a group of metal spacers, the high polymer elastic elements are hollow cylinders with cambered upper and lower surfaces, and the centers of the cylinders are provided with elastic element center holes; the metal spacer is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the high polymer elastic element, and a center hole of the metal spacer is formed in the center of the thin sheet; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block, a wedge block and a hollow seat; the connecting piece comprises a mandrel, a nut and a thread connection anti-loosening piece, and is a connecting mechanism of the shell, the energy absorbing body and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel is provided with a shaft shoulder which is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell to play a role in axial positioning, the other end of the mandrel is provided with an external thread, and the external thread is matched with the nut and forms thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening piece; one end of the mandrel with a shaft shoulder is arranged in a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell, the other end of the mandrel penetrates through the shell and is arranged at the top of the shell, the metal spacer, the high-molecular elastic element, the hollow seat and the hollow pressing block are sequentially arranged on the mandrel through respective central holes, the metal spacer, the high-molecular elastic element, the hollow seat, the wedge block and the hollow pressing block are fixedly connected with the shell through nuts and thread connection anti-loosening pieces, the metal spacer central hole, the hollow seat central hole and the hollow pressing block central hole are in clearance fit with the mandrel, the axis of the central hole of the high-molecular elastic element is coincident with the axis of the mandrel; the wedge block and the hollow pressing block are positioned in the upper cavity of the shell, and the energy absorber consisting of the polymer elastic element and the metal spacer is positioned in the lower cavity of the shell; the method is characterized in that:

the combined buffer with the pyramid-shaped platform, comprising the movable plate and the lower sleeve, further comprises a hollow pyramid platform, a movable plate mechanism and a bearing plate assembly;

the hollow pressing block of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a hollow n-prism, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, the bottom of the hollow pressing block is sealed, a pressing block center hole is formed in the center of the bottom, the upper part of the hollow pressing block is open, the upper surface is a plane, the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block is a horizontal plane, and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block is attached to the upper surface of the hollow pyramid platform;

the hollow pyramid platform is a component of the wedge-shaped mechanism, the hollow pyramid platform is a hollow n-shaped pyramid platform, n is the number of edges of the hollow pressing block prism, the upper surface and the lower surface of the hollow pyramid platform are horizontal planes, each side surface of the hollow pyramid platform is a trapezoidal plane, the trapezoidal plane is an isosceles trapezoidal inclined plane with the upper long edge and the lower long edge, the included angle between the isosceles trapezoidal inclined plane and the horizontal plane is alpha, alpha is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform is attached to the inclined plane on the inner surface of the movable wedge block, the center of the hollow pyramid platform is provided with a center hole, the hollow pyramid platform is arranged on the mandrel through the center hole, the hollow pressing block is positioned between the hollow pressing block and the metal;

the wedge blocks of the wedge-shaped mechanism comprise a group of dynamic wedge blocks and a group of static wedge blocks; the group of static wedges is formed by combining i wedges, i is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n, n is the number of edges of a hollow pressing block prism, i is a positive integer, each static wedge is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are both planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of the movable plate, the inner surface of the rectangular plate is an inclined plane, the included angle between the inclined plane and a vertical plane is gamma, gamma is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, the inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper edge of the static wedge, two side surfaces are right trapezoid planes, and a gap is reserved; the movable wedge blocks are arranged at the positions opposite to the side surfaces of the hollow frustum, the lower surface of the movable wedge block is arranged on the upper surface of a second-order cylinder of the hollow seat, a space is reserved between the inner surface of the movable wedge block and a mandrel, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent movable wedge blocks;

the hollow seat of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a second-order hollow cylinder, the center of the second-order hollow cylinder is provided with a hollow seat center hole, the upper second-order cylinder of the second-order hollow cylinder is positioned at the lower part of the upper cavity of the shell, the lower first-order cylinder is positioned at the upper part of the lower cavity of the shell, the lower first-order cylinder is a cylinder or a prism, the number of edges of the prism is equal to that of the hollow pressing block prism, the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower first-order cylinder are planes, the upper second-order cylinder is a cylinder or a prism, the number of edges of the prism is equal to that of the hollow pressing block prism when the prism is the;

the movable plate mechanism comprises a group of movable plates, a group of lining plates, a partition plate frame and a lower sleeve; the upper surface and the lower surface of the separating plate frame are flat plates, the outer surface of each flat plate is attached to the inner wall of the upper cavity of the shell, the flat plates are arranged on the upper surface of the lower sleeve, a hollow seat hole matched with the hollow seat second-order cylinder is formed in the center of each flat plate, the hollow seat second-order cylinder penetrates through the hollow seat hole from the lower side, the upper surface of the hollow seat first-order cylinder is attached to the lower surface of the separating plate frame, the lower surface of the hollow seat first-order cylinder is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer in the energy absorber, the outer surface of the hollow seat first-order cylinder is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the lower sleeve, n strip-shaped movable plate holes are formed in the periphery of the hollow seat hole of the separating plate frame flat plate, n is the number of the prisms of the hollow press blocks, the lower surfaces of the movable plates penetrate through the movable plate holes to be attached to the, the static wedge block is arranged in a space between the inner surface of the movable plate and the hollow pressing block, the outer surface of the static wedge block is attached to the inner surface of the movable plate, and the lower surface of the static wedge block is attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame at a position between the hollow seat hole and the movable plate hole; the group of movable plates is formed by combining j movable plates, the number of j movable plates is equal to that of i static wedges, each movable plate is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are horizontal planes, two side surfaces of the rectangular plate are vertical planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of the lining plate, the inner surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the outer surface of the static wedges, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent movable plates; the group of lining plates is formed by combining t lining plates, t is equal to the number i of the static wedges, the lining plates are plates, the shapes of the outer surfaces of the lining plates, which are attached to the wall surface of the upper cavity of the shell, are the same as those of the upper cavity, the lower surfaces of the lining plates are planes, the lining plates are fixed on the wall surface of the upper cavity of the shell through lining plate positioning pieces, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent lining plates; the lower sleeve is a sleeve, the outer surface of the lower sleeve is attached to the wall surface of the lower cavity of the shell, the shape of the lower sleeve is the same as that of the lower cavity, the inner surface of the lower sleeve is in clearance fit with the outer surface of the first-order cylinder of the hollow seat, the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower sleeve are both planes, and the lower surface of the sleeve is attached to the bottom surface of the shell;

the bearing plate assembly comprises a bearing plate and a bearing plate fixing piece, the bearing plate is a flat plate and is fixed on the surface of the upper part of the hollow pressing block through the bearing plate fixing piece, and the upper surface of the movable plate is attached to the lower surface of the bearing plate.

Take pyramid platform contain movable plate and telescopic combination formula buffer down, its characterized in that: the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block is an inclined plane or a folded surface, the inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper side of the upper horizontal plane of the polyhedron, and the included angle between the inclined plane and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block is equal to the included angle alpha between the inclined plane on the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform and the horizontal plane; the folding surface is formed by connecting a wedge block inner surface inclined plane and a wedge block inner surface vertical surface, the wedge block inner surface vertical surface is a vertical surface which is upward from the lower side of a polyhedron, the wedge block inner surface inclined plane is a surface which is connected between a movable wedge block polyhedron upper horizontal surface and the inner surface vertical surface, the wedge block inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the wedge block upper horizontal surface, an included angle between the wedge block inclined plane and the wedge block upper horizontal surface is equal to an included angle alpha between a hollow frustum side inclined plane and a horizontal surface, and the wedge block inner surface inclined plane in the folding surface is a surface which is attached to the inclined plane of the hollow frustum side surface.

Take pyramid platform contain movable plate and telescopic combination formula buffer down, its characterized in that: the outer surface and the inner surface of the movable wedge block polyhedron are equal-width surfaces or unequal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface; the outer surface and the inner surface of the movable wedge polyhedron are unequal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface, and the width of the inner surface is 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface.

The outer surface and the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block are rectangular or trapezoidal, and when the outer surface and the inner surface are trapezoidal, the long edge of the trapezoid is arranged above, and the short edge of the trapezoid is arranged below. The side surface of the movable wedge block polyhedron is quadrilateral or pentagonal, and when the inner surface of the movable wedge block polyhedron is an inclined plane, the side surface of the movable wedge block polyhedron is trapezoidal; when the inner surface of the movable wedge polyhedron is a folding surface, the side surface of the movable wedge polyhedron is a pentagon.

Take pyramid platform contain movable plate and telescopic combination formula buffer down, its characterized in that: one hollow frustum and a set of i piece move the voussoir and be one set of frustum integrated configuration, frustum integrated configuration's cover number is k, and k is more than or equal to 1 positive integer, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection, and the frustum integrated configuration definition of superiors is the kth cover, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection's form is: the upper surface of a k hollow frustum of the kth set of frustum combined structure is attached to the lower surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block, the side surface of the k hollow frustum is attached to an inclined plane of the inner surface of k groups of i movable wedge blocks, and the lower surface of the k groups of i movable wedge blocks is attached to the upper surface of a k-1 hollow frustum of the kth-1 set of frustum combined structure; the side surface of a k-1 hollow frustum of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of a k-1 group of i movable wedges, and the lower surface of the k-1 group of i movable wedges of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is attached to the upper surface of a k-2 hollow frustum of the k-2 set of frustum combined structure; by analogy, the side surface of a k-j hollow frustum of the k-j set of frustum combined structure is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of the k-j sets of i movable wedges, the lower surface of the k-j sets of i movable wedges of the frustum combined structure is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer, and j is a positive integer smaller than k by 1.

Take pyramid platform contain movable plate and telescopic combination formula buffer down, its characterized in that: in the frustum combined structure of the series connection, a fixed connection structure or a split structure is arranged between the upper surface of the hollow frustum on the uppermost layer and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block, and the fixed connection structure between the hollow frustum and the hollow pressing block is made into a whole or fixedly connected by a fastener.

Take pyramid platform contain movable plate and telescopic combination formula buffer down, its characterized in that: the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the shell are m prism chambers or cylindrical chambers, m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, and the upper chamber and the lower chamber are chambers with the same shape or different shapes.

The upper chamber and the lower chamber are chambers having different shapes including the lower chamber being a cylindrical chamber when the upper chamber is an m-prism shaped chamber, or the lower chamber being an m-prism shaped chamber when the upper chamber is a cylindrical chamber.

When the upper chamber of the shell is a cylindrical chamber, the outer surface of the lining plate is an arc surface, and the inner surface of the lining plate is an arc surface or a plane; when the upper chamber of the shell is an m-prism chamber, the outer surface of the lining plate is a plane, and the inner surface of the lining plate is a plane. When the inner surface of the lining plate is an arc surface, the outer surface of the movable plate is an arc surface, and the inner surface is an arc surface or a plane; when the inner surface of the lining plate is a plane, the outer surface of the movable plate is a plane, and the inner surface is a plane. When the inner surface of the movable plate is an arc surface, the outer surface of the static wedge block is an arc surface; when the inner surface of the movable plate is a plane, the outer surface of the static wedge block is a plane.

Take pyramid platform contain movable plate and telescopic combination formula buffer down, its characterized in that: the utility model provides a take movable plate and telescopic combination formula buffer down of prismoid's inclusion still includes energy storage component, energy storage component's cover number is the same with the cover number of prismoid integrated configuration, and every set of prismoid integrated configuration contains one set of energy storage component, energy storage component is elastic element, and elastic element is equipped with the centre bore, installs on the mandrel through centre bore elastic element, and energy storage component is located the space department between the upper surface of hollow prismoid lower surface, movable wedge internal surface, another hollow prismoid or the upper surface of the superiors metal spacer and the mandrel.

Take pyramid platform contain movable plate and telescopic combination formula buffer down, its characterized in that: the elastic element of the energy storage element is any one of a metal cylindrical spiral spring, a metal conical spiral spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a polymer elastic body or a viscoelastic body.

Take pyramid platform contain movable plate and telescopic combination formula buffer down, its characterized in that: and the gap between two adjacent lining plates, the gap between two adjacent movable plates, the gap between two adjacent static wedges and the gap between two adjacent movable wedges are all 5-100 mm.

The utility model discloses a theory of operation is: when impact load acted on loading board and hollow briquetting along the axial, hollow briquetting promoted hollow pyramid platform, and hollow pyramid platform promoted the movable wedge piece, and movable wedge piece promoted hollow seat, hollow seat promoted metal spacer and polymer elastic element subassembly, made the axial load pass through the metal spacer and act on the bottom of casing. In the process, the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform and the inclined plane of the inner surface of the movable wedge block are mutually extruded to generate relative motion and friction; the outer surface of the movable wedge block and the inner surface of the static wedge block are mutually extruded to generate relative motion and friction; the lower surface plane of the movable wedge block and the upper surface horizontal plane of the second-order column body on the upper part of the hollow seat are mutually extruded to generate relative motion and friction; friction on these faces dissipates energy, thereby increasing the energy absorption rate of the bumper; meanwhile, the bearing plate pushes the movable plate to move axially, and under the action of extrusion force from the static wedge and the lining plate, friction is generated between the inner surface of the movable plate and the outer surface of the static wedge as well as between the outer surface of the movable plate and the inner surface of the lining plate, and the friction on the surfaces also increases energy consumption; in addition, the axial force from the hollow seat causes the polymeric elastic element assembly to undergo axial compression deformation to absorb impact energy, and the radial friction between the metal spacer and the polymeric elastic element consumes a part of the impact energy. After the axial impact load disappears, the macromolecule elastic element recovers to deform to push the hollow seat, the movable wedge block, the hollow pyramid platform and the hollow pressing block to move from bottom to top, and the upper surface of the first-order column at the lower part of the hollow seat pushes the movable plate to move upwards along the axial direction; meanwhile, the energy storage element between the hollow seat and the hollow frustum generates compression deformation to store part of energy in the rebound process, rebound impact is relieved, and finally all elements are restored to the state before being subjected to impact load.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the impact energy of consumption is big, the utility model discloses the impact energy of consumption is the impact energy that hollow briquetting, hollow pyramid platform, movable wedge block, quiet voussoir and the wedge mechanism that hollow seat constitutes consumed, the movable plate mechanism that quiet voussoir, movable plate and welt constitute consumes the impact energy and the impact energy that the polymer elastic element subassembly consumed sum, and the impact energy that the combination buffer among the prior art consumed is all big, the utility model discloses a buffer has higher energy absorption rate than current elastomer buffer.

2. The compressed energy storage element generates micro-elongation when bearing impact load, so that the impact on the elements below the energy storage element is reduced; in the rebound process, the energy storage element is compressed and deformed to store part of energy in the rebound process, and rebound impact is relieved; therefore, the utility model discloses a bumper has better dynamic performance than current elastomer bumper.

3. The buffer has wide application range, can be used as a locomotive car coupler buffer, and can also be applied to vibration reduction and buffering equipment in other industries such as mining machinery, metallurgical machinery, petroleum machinery and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the combined type buffer with a movable plate and a lower sleeve, which is provided with a frustum pyramid and is formed by a hollow pressing block with a frustum pyramid combined structure and a hollow frustum pyramid into separate bodies

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the combined type buffer of the present invention, which is provided with a movable plate and a lower sleeve, and has a set of pyramid frustum combined structure, wherein the hollow pressing block and the hollow pyramid frustum are integrated into a whole

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the combined type buffer with a movable plate and a lower sleeve, which is provided with a frustum pyramid and is formed by a set of frustum pyramid combination structure and energy storage element, wherein the hollow pressing block and the hollow frustum pyramid are made into a split body

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the combined type buffer with a movable plate and a lower sleeve, which is provided with a pyramid platform and is formed by a hollow pressing block with a set of pyramid platform combined structure and an energy storage element and the hollow pyramid platform

FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the housing with a square prism chamber in the upper chamber

FIG. 6 is a side view schematic of FIG. 5

FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of FIG. 5

FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a hollow square prism

FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of FIG. 8

FIG. 10 is a schematic front view of a hollow square prism formed by a hollow pressing block and a hollow frustum pyramid

FIG. 11 is a schematic top view of FIG. 10

FIG. 12 is a schematic front view of a hollow pyramid-shaped platform being a hollow regular square pyramid-shaped platform

FIG. 13 is a top schematic view of FIG. 12

FIG. 14 is a front view of a movable wedge having an inner surface formed by an inclined plane and a vertical plane and having an equal width on the inner and outer surfaces

FIG. 14-1 is a front view of a movable wedge having a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface, the inner surface being formed by inclined planes and vertical planes

FIG. 15 is a side schematic view of FIG. 14

FIG. 15-1 is a side view schematic of FIG. 14-1

FIG. 16 is a top schematic view of FIG. 14

FIG. 16-1 is a schematic top view of FIG. 14-1

FIG. 17 is a front view of a movable wedge with an inner surface formed by inclined planes and an outer surface having the same width

FIG. 17-1 is a front view of a movable wedge having a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface, the inner surface being formed by inclined planes

FIG. 18 is a side schematic view of FIG. 17

FIG. 18-1 is a side view schematic of FIG. 17-1

FIG. 19 is a top schematic view of FIG. 17

FIG. 19-1 is a schematic top view of FIG. 17-1

FIG. 20 is a schematic front view of a second-order hollow square prism with a hollow base

FIG. 21 is a top schematic view of FIG. 20

FIG. 22 is a front view of a stationary wedge with a planar outer surface

FIG. 23 is a side schematic view of FIG. 22

FIG. 24 is a top schematic view of FIG. 22

FIG. 25 is a front view of a stationary wedge with a cylindrical outer surface

FIG. 26 is a side schematic view of FIG. 25

FIG. 27 is a top schematic view of FIG. 25

FIG. 28 is a front view of a movable plate with both inner and outer surfaces flat

FIG. 29 is a side schematic view of FIG. 28

FIG. 30 is a front view of a movable plate with cylindrical inner and outer surfaces

FIG. 31 is a top schematic view of FIG. 30

FIG. 32 is a front view of a moving plate with a cylindrical outer surface and a flat inner surface

FIG. 33 is a top schematic view of FIG. 32

FIG. 34 is a front view of a square partition panel frame

FIG. 35 is a top schematic view of FIG. 34

FIG. 36 is a schematic front view of a partition plate frame with a cylindrical outer surface, a square hollow seat hole and a rectangular movable plate hole

FIG. 37 is a top schematic view of FIG. 36

FIG. 38 is a schematic view of a partition plate frame with a movable plate hole in a rectangular strip shape

FIG. 39 is a schematic view showing one side of a long hole of an upper plate of a partition plate frame in the length direction being a plane and the other side being a cylindrical surface

FIG. 40 is a schematic view of a partition plate frame upper plate elongated hole with both sides of the length direction being cylindrical

FIG. 41 is a front view of the lower sleeve being a regular quadrangular prism

FIG. 42 is a top view of FIG. 41

FIG. 43 is a front view of a liner with planar inner and outer surfaces

FIG. 44 is a side schematic view of FIG. 43

FIG. 45 is a schematic front view of a housing having a regular hexagonal prism in the upper chamber

FIG. 46 is a side schematic view of FIG. 45

FIG. 47 is a top schematic view of FIG. 45

FIG. 48 is a schematic front view of a hollow regular hexagonal prism as a hollow compact

FIG. 49 is a side schematic view of FIG. 48

FIG. 50 is a schematic top view of FIG. 48

FIG. 51 is a schematic front view of a hollow pyramid-shaped platform being a hollow regular hexagonal pyramid-shaped platform

FIG. 52 is a side schematic view of FIG. 51

FIG. 53 is a top view of FIG. 51

FIG. 54 is a schematic front view of a hollow base with a second-order cylinder being a regular hexagonal frustum and a first-order cylinder being a cylindrical frustum

FIG. 55 is a side schematic view of FIG. 54

FIG. 56 is a schematic top view of FIG. 54

FIG. 57 is a front view of a lower sleeve in the form of a regular hexagonal prism

FIG. 58 is a side schematic view of FIG. 57

FIG. 59 is a top schematic view of FIG. 57

FIG. 60 is a schematic front view of a lower sleeve in the form of a cylinder

FIG. 61 is a top schematic view of FIG. 60

FIG. 62 is a schematic structural view of a combined type damper comprising a movable plate and a lower sleeve with pyramid platforms, wherein the combined type damper comprises two sets of hollow pressing blocks which are connected in series in a pyramid platform combined structure, and the hollow pyramid platforms at the uppermost layer are made into a split type

FIG. 63 is a schematic structural view of a combined damper with a movable plate and a lower sleeve having pyramid platforms, which comprises two sets of hollow pressing blocks connected in series in a pyramid platform combined structure and is integrated with the hollow pyramid platform at the uppermost layer

FIG. 64 is a schematic structural view of a combined type buffer with movable plates and lower sleeves, which is provided with pyramid tables and is formed by two sets of pyramid table combined structures, hollow pressing blocks connected with energy storage elements in series and hollow pyramid tables on the uppermost layer in a split mode

FIG. 65 is a schematic view of a combined type bumper with a movable plate and a lower sleeve having pyramid platforms, which comprises two sets of pyramid platform combined structures and hollow pressing blocks connected with energy storage elements in series, and is integrated with the hollow pyramid platform at the uppermost layer

In the figure, 1, a shell, 2, a metal spacer, 3, a high-molecular elastic element, 4, a hollow seat, 5, a movable wedge block, 6, a hollow pyramid platform, 7, a hollow pressing block, 8, a mandrel, 9, a nut, 10, a threaded connection anti-loosening element, 11, a static wedge block, 12, a movable plate, 13, a bearing plate, 14, a bearing plate fixing element, 15, a lining plate, 16, a lining plate positioning element, 17, a separating plate frame, 18, a lower sleeve, 19 and an energy storage element.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The combined buffer with the pyramid-shaped frustum and comprising the movable plate and the lower sleeve comprises a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge-shaped mechanisms, a group of connecting pieces, a movable plate mechanism and a bearing plate assembly, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanisms, the connecting pieces, the movable plate mechanism and the bearing plate assembly are arranged in a shell 1. The inside lower part cavity and the upper part cavity that constitute by casing 1, upper portion cavity and lower part cavity intercommunication each other, lower part cavity bottom back cover, bottom center are equipped with circular ladder through-hole, upper portion cavity open-top.

The energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements 3 and a group of metal spacers 2, the high polymer elastic elements 3 are hollow cylinders with cambered upper and lower surfaces, and the centers of the cylinders are provided with elastic element center holes; the metal spacer 2 is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer 2 is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the macromolecule elastic element 3, and the center of the thin sheet is provided with a metal spacer center hole.

The wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block 7, a hollow pyramid platform 6, a wedge block and a hollow seat 4.

The connecting piece comprises a mandrel 8, a nut 9 and a thread connection anti-loosening piece 10, and is a connecting mechanism of the shell 1, the energy absorbing body and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel 8 is provided with a shaft shoulder which is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell to play an axial positioning role, the other end of the mandrel 8 is provided with an external thread which is matched with the nut 9 and forms thread connection through the thread connection anti-loosening piece 10; one end of a mandrel 8 with a shaft shoulder is arranged in a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of a shell 1, the other end of the mandrel passes through the shell 1 and is arranged at the top of the shell 1, a metal spacer 2, a high-molecular elastic element 3, a hollow seat 4, a hollow frustum 6 and a hollow pressing block 7 are sequentially arranged on the mandrel 8 through respective central holes, the metal spacer 2, the high-molecular elastic element 3, the hollow seat 4, a wedge block, the hollow frustum 6 and the hollow pressing block 7 are fixedly connected with the shell 1 through a nut 9 and a threaded connection anti-loosening piece 10, the central holes of the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4, the hollow frustum 6 and the hollow pressing block 7 are in clearance fit with the mandrel 8, the axis of the central hole of the high-molecular elastic element is coincident with the axis of the mandrel 8, and a clearance is; the wedge block, the hollow pyramid platform 6 and the hollow pressing block 7 are positioned in an upper cavity of the shell 1, and the energy absorber composed of the polymer elastic element 3 and the metal spacer 2 is positioned in a lower cavity of the shell 1.

The hollow pressing block 7 of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a hollow n-prism, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, the bottom of the hollow pressing block 7 is sealed, a pressing block center hole is formed in the center of the bottom, the upper portion of the hollow pressing block 7 is open, the upper portion surface is a plane, the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 7 is a horizontal plane, and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 7 is attached to the upper surface of the hollow frustum 6.

Hollow pyramid platform 6 of wedge mechanism is hollow n pyramid platform, n is the prismatic arris number of hollow briquetting 7, the upper and lower surface of hollow pyramid platform 6 is the horizontal plane, each side of hollow pyramid platform 6 is trapezoidal plane, trapezoidal plane is the isosceles trapezoid inclined plane of short under the long limit of the last side, contained angle between isosceles trapezoid inclined plane and the horizontal plane is alpha, 0 is no less than alpha and no less than 89, the side of hollow pyramid platform 6 is laminated with the inclined plane of 5 internal surfaces of movable wedge block, hollow pyramid platform 6 center is equipped with the centre bore, hollow pyramid platform 6 is installed on mandrel 8 through the centre bore, hollow briquetting 7 and the metal spacer 2 that are in between, be clearance fit between pyramid platform centre bore and the mandrel 8.

The wedge block of the wedge mechanism comprises a group of dynamic wedge blocks 5 and a group of static wedge blocks 11; a group of static wedges 11 is formed by combining i wedges, i is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n, n is the number of edges of a prism of a hollow pressing block 7, i is a positive integer, each static wedge 11 is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are both planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of a movable plate, the inner surface of the rectangular plate is an inclined plane, the included angle between the inclined plane and a vertical plane is gamma, gamma is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, the inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper edge of the static wedge 11, two side surfaces are right trapezoid planes, and a gap is; and the group of movable wedges 5 is formed by combining wedges with the same number as the static wedges. Each movable wedge block 5 is a polyhedron, the outer surface of the polyhedron is an inclined plane which is attached to the inner surface of the static wedge block 11, the upper edge of the driven wedge block 5 of the inclined plane inclines downwards and inwards, the included angle between the inclined plane and the vertical plane is equal to the included angle gamma between the inclined plane of the static wedge block 11 and the vertical plane, two side surfaces of the polyhedron are planes with the same shape, the upper surface and the lower surface of the polyhedron are horizontal planes, the inner surface of the movable wedge block 5 is a surface which is attached to the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform 6 and is an inclined plane or a folding plane, the inclined plane inclines downwards and inwards from the upper edge of the upper horizontal plane of the polyhedron, and the included angle between the inclined plane and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block is equal to the included angle alpha between; the folding surface is formed by connecting a wedge block inner surface inclined plane and a wedge block inner surface vertical surface, the wedge block inner surface vertical surface is a vertical surface with the lower edge of a polyhedron facing upwards, the wedge block inclined plane is a plane connected between a polyhedron upper horizontal surface and an inner surface vertical surface of the movable wedge block 5, the wedge block inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the wedge block upper horizontal surface, an included angle between the wedge block inclined plane and the wedge block upper horizontal surface is equal to an included angle alpha between the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform 6 and the horizontal surface, and the wedge block inner surface inclined plane in the folding surface is a surface attached to the side surface of the hollow pyramid; the outer surface and the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block 5 are rectangular or trapezoidal, when the outer surface and the inner surface are trapezoidal, the long edge of the trapezoid is arranged above, and the short edge of the trapezoid is arranged below; the outer surface and the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block 5 are surfaces with equal width or surfaces with narrow inner surface and unequal width; when the outer surface and the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge 5 are different widths, namely the inner surface is narrow and the outer surface is wide, the width of the inner surface is 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface; the shape of the side face of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block 5 is quadrilateral or pentagonal, and when the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block 5 is an inclined plane, the side face of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block 5 is trapezoidal; when the inner surface of the polyhedron of the wedge block 5 is a folded surface, the side surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block 5 is a pentagon; the movable wedge blocks 5 are arranged at the positions opposite to the side surfaces of the hollow frustum 6, the lower surfaces of the movable wedge blocks 5 are arranged on the upper surfaces of the second-order columns of the hollow seat 4, a space is reserved between the inner surface of each movable wedge block 5 and the mandrel 10, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent movable wedge blocks 5.

The hollow seat 4 of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a second-order hollow cylinder, a hollow seat center hole is formed in the center of the second-order hollow cylinder, the upper second-order cylinder of the second-order hollow cylinder is located on the lower portion of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the lower first-order cylinder is located on the upper portion of the lower cavity of the shell 1, the lower first-order cylinder is a cylinder or a prism, the number of edges of the prism is equal to that of the hollow pressing block 7, the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower first-order cylinder are planes, the upper second-order cylinder is a cylinder or a prism, the number of edges of the prism is equal to that of the hollow pressing block 7, and the upper surface of.

The panel mechanism includes a set of panels 12, a set of liner panels 15, a divider frame 17 and a lower sleeve 18.

The upper surface and the lower surface of the separating plate frame 17 are flat plates, the outer surface of each flat plate is attached to the inner wall of the upper cavity of the shell 1, the flat plates are installed on the upper surface of the lower sleeve 18, a hollow seat hole matched with the hollow seat 4 second-order cylinder is formed in the center of each flat plate, the hollow seat 4 second-order cylinder penetrates through the hollow seat hole from below, the upper surface of the hollow seat 4 first-order cylinder is attached to the lower surface of the separating plate frame 17, the lower surface of the hollow seat 4 first-order cylinder is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer 2 in the energy absorber, the outer surface of the hollow seat 4 first-order cylinder is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the lower sleeve, n strip-shaped movable plate holes are formed in the periphery of the hollow seat hole of the separating plate frame 17 flat plate, n is the number of prisms of the hollow press block 7, the lower surface of the movable plate 12 penetrates through the movable plate holes to be attached to the upper surface of the The static wedge block 11 is arranged in a space between the inner surface of the movable plate and the hollow pressing block 7, the outer surface of the static wedge block 11 is attached to the inner surface of the movable plate 12, and the lower surface of the static wedge block 11 is attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame 17 at a position between the hollow seat hole and the movable plate hole.

The group of movable plates 12 is formed by combining j movable plates, j is equal to the number i of the static wedge blocks 11, each movable plate 12 is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are horizontal planes, two side surfaces are vertical planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of the lining plate 15, the inner surface is a surface attached to the outer surface of the static wedge blocks 11, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent movable plates 12;

the group of lining plates 15 is formed by combining t lining plates, t is equal to the number i of the static wedge blocks 11, the lining plates 15 are plates, the shapes of the outer surfaces of the lining plates 15 are the same as those of the upper chamber, the outer surfaces of the lining plates 15 are attached to the wall surface of the upper chamber of the shell 1, the lower surfaces of the lining plates 15 are planes, the lining plates 15 are fixed on the wall surface of the upper chamber of the shell 1 through lining plate positioning parts 16, and gaps are; the gap between two adjacent lining plates 15, the gap between two adjacent movable plates 12, the gap between two adjacent static wedges 11 and the gap between two adjacent movable wedges 5 are all 5-100 mm.

The lower sleeve 18 is a sleeve with the outer surface attached to the wall surface of the lower cavity of the shell 1 and the shape identical to that of the lower cavity, the inner surface of the lower sleeve is in clearance fit with the outer surface of the first-order cylinder of the hollow seat 4, the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower sleeve are both planes, and the lower surface of the lower sleeve is attached to the bottom surface of the shell 1.

The carrier plate assembly includes a carrier plate 13 and a carrier plate fixture 14. The bearing plate 13 is a flat plate, the bearing plate 13 is fixed to the upper surface of the hollow pressing block 7 by a bearing plate fixing member 14, and the upper surface of the movable plate 12 abuts against the lower surface of the bearing plate 13.

A hollow frustum 6 and a set of i piece move voussoir 5 and be one set of frustum integrated configuration, and frustum integrated configuration's cover number is k, and k is more than or equal to 1 positive integer, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection, and the frustum integrated configuration definition of the superiors is the kth cover, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection's form is: the upper surface of a k hollow frustum 6 of the kth set of frustum combined structure is attached to the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 7, the side surface of the k hollow frustum 6 is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of k groups of i movable wedge blocks 5, and the lower surface of the k groups of i movable wedge blocks 5 is attached to the upper surface of a k-1 hollow frustum 6 of the kth set of frustum combined structure; the side surface of a k-1 hollow frustum 6 of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of a k-1 group of i movable wedges 5, and the lower surface of the k-1 group of i movable wedges 5 of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is attached to the upper surface of a k-2 hollow frustum 6 of the k-2 set of frustum combined structure; by analogy, the side surface of a k-j hollow frustum 6 of the k-j set of frustum combined structure is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of the k-j set of i movable wedges 5, the lower surface of the k-j set of i movable wedges 5 of the k-j set of frustum combined structure is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer 2, and j is a positive integer smaller than k by 1. In the serially connected frustum combined structure, a fixed connection structure or a split structure is arranged between the upper surface of the hollow frustum 6 at the uppermost layer and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 7; the fixed connection structure between the hollow pyramid platform 6 and the hollow pressing block 7 is made into a whole or fixedly connected by a fastener.

The upper chamber and the lower chamber of the shell are m prism chambers or cylindrical chambers, m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, and the upper chamber and the lower chamber are chambers with the same shape or different shapes; the upper chamber and the lower chamber are chambers having different shapes including the lower chamber being a cylindrical chamber when the upper chamber is an m-prism shaped chamber, or the lower chamber being an m-prism shaped chamber when the upper chamber is a cylindrical chamber. When the upper chamber of the shell 1 is a cylindrical chamber, the outer surface of the lining plate 15 is an arc surface, and the inner surface is an arc surface or a plane; when the upper chamber of the housing 1 is an m-prism chamber, the outer surface of the liner plate 15 is a plane, and the inner surface is a plane.

When the inner surface of the lining plate 15 is an arc surface, the outer surface of the movable plate 12 is an arc surface, and the inner surface is an arc surface or a plane; when the inner surface of the backing plate 15 is flat, the outer surface of the movable plate 12 is flat and the inner surface is flat.

When the inner surface of the movable plate 12 is an arc surface, the outer surface of the static wedge block 11 is an arc surface; when the inner surface of the movable plate 12 is flat, the outer surface of the stationary wedge 11 is flat.

Another form of embodiment is: on the basis of the structure, energy storage elements 19 are added, the number of sets of the energy storage elements 19 is the same as that of sets of the frustum combination structures, each set of the frustum combination structures comprises one set of the energy storage elements 19, each energy storage element 19 is an elastic element which is provided with a central hole and is arranged on the mandrel 8 through the central hole, and the energy storage elements 19 are positioned on the lower surface of the hollow frustum 6, the inner surface of the movable wedge 5, the upper surface of the other hollow frustum 6 or the space between the upper surface of the uppermost layer metal spacer 2 and the mandrel 8; the elastic element is any one of a metal cylindrical helical spring, a metal conical helical spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a polymer elastic body or a viscoelastic body.

When parts are machined, all sharp corner positions of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4, the movable wedge 5, the hollow pyramid platform 6, the hollow pressing block 7, the mandrel 8, the static wedge 11, the movable plate 12, the bearing plate 13, the separating plate frame 17 and the lower sleeve 18 are machined into round corners or chamfers.

The assembly process is as follows: firstly, a lower sleeve 18 is arranged in a lower cavity of a shell 1, and then the end with threads of a mandrel 7 penetrates through a cylindrical stepped hole in the center of the bottom of the shell 1 to reach the upper end of the shell 1, and the end with a shaft shoulder of the mandrel 7 is matched with the cylindrical stepped hole in the center of the bottom of the shell 1; then, the first metal spacer 2 is arranged in the mandrel 7, the first macromolecule elastic element 3 is arranged in the mandrel 7, and all the metal spacers 2 and the macromolecule elastic elements 3 are arranged in the mandrel 7 alternately in sequence and are positioned in the lower chamber of the shell 1; then, successively installing the hollow seat 4 and the energy storage element 19 into the mandrel 7, wherein the energy storage element 19 is positioned on the upper surface of the second-order column body at the upper part of the hollow seat 4, and the hollow seat 4 is positioned on the uppermost metal spacer 2; then, a partition plate frame 17 and a lining plate 15 are arranged in the shell 1, the partition plate frame 17 is arranged on the upper surface of a lower sleeve 18, the lining plate 15 is positioned on the upper surface of the partition plate frame 17, the lower surface of the lining plate 15 is attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame 17, the outer surface of the lining plate is attached to the inner surface of the upper cavity of the shell 1, and the lining plate 15 is fixed in the upper cavity of the shell 1 by a group of lining plate positioning pieces 16; next, i movable plates 12 are arranged, the outer surfaces of the i movable plates 12 are attached to the corresponding inner surfaces of the lining plates 15, and the lower surfaces of the i movable plates 12 penetrate through movable plate holes of the partition plate frame 17 to be attached to the upper surface of the first-order column at the lower part of the hollow seat 4; then i static wedges 11 are arranged, the outer surfaces of the i static wedges 11 are attached to the inner surfaces of the i movable plates 12, and the bottom surfaces of the i static wedges 11 are attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame 17; then, the i movable wedges 5 are arranged, the lower surfaces of the i movable wedges 5 are attached to the upper surface of a second-order column at the upper part of the hollow seat 4, and the outer surfaces of the i movable wedges 5 are attached to the inner surfaces of the i static wedges 11; then, the hollow frustum 6 and the hollow pressing block 7 are arranged in the mandrel 7, the hollow frustum 6 is positioned on the energy storage element 18 and the movable wedge block 5 and below the hollow pressing block 7, so that the upper surface of the hollow frustum 6 is attached to the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block 7, the side surface of the hollow frustum 6 is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of the movable wedge block 5, and the energy storage element 19 is tightly pressed on the hollow seat 4; thereafter, the nut 8 is screwed into the threaded end of the spindle 7, the hollow pressing block 7 is pressed, and the threaded end of the spindle 7 and the nut 8 are coupled together by the anti-loosening member 9. Finally, the carrier plate 13 is connected to the hollow press block 7 by the carrier plate fixing member 14, and the movable plate 12 is disposed between the lower surface of the carrier plate 13 and the upper surface of the lower stage column of the hollow base 4.

Example 1

The housing 1 is cylindrical in shape, the upper chamber of the housing is a regular quadrangular prism chamber, and the lower chamber of the housing is a regular quadrangular prism chamber. Seven polymeric elastic elements 3, eight

metal separators

2, and 1/3 the thickness of metal separator 2 is greater than that of polymeric elastic elements 3.

The inner and outer surfaces of the movable plate 12 are flat; the outer surface of the static wedge block 11 is a plane; the inner and outer surfaces of the lining plate 15 are both planes; the partition plate frame 17 is a regular quadrilateral plate frame, the inner surface and the outer surface of the partition plate frame are regular quadrilateral cylindrical surfaces, the partition plate frame 17 is provided with four rectangular strip-shaped movable plate holes, the width of each movable plate hole is equal to the thickness of each movable plate, and the length of each movable plate hole is greater than the width of each movable plate; the distance from the hollow seat hole edge of the partition plate frame 17 to the movable plate hole edge is equal to the width of the bottom surface of the static wedge block, and the lining plate positioning piece 16 is a set screw; the lower sleeve 18 is a regular quadrangular prism sleeve.

Four movable wedges 5, four static wedges 11 and four movable plates 12.

The hollow pressing block 7 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism, the hollow frustum 6 is a hollow regular quadrangular frustum, and the inner surface of the movable wedge block 5 is a folding surface formed by an inclined plane and a horizontal plane; the hollow seat 4 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism which is a second-order prism, the length of the diagonal line of the quadrangle of the upper second-order regular quadrangular prism is 5mm smaller than that of the quadrangle of the hollow seat hole of the partition plate frame 17, and the length of the perpendicular bisector of the lower first-order regular quadrangular prism is equal to the sum of the length of the perpendicular bisector of the hollow seat hole regular quadrangle of the partition plate frame 17, the width of the bottom surface of the static wedge 11 and the thickness of the movable plate 12.

The bearing plate 13 is a regular quadrilateral plate with the side length equal to that of a regular quadrilateral of the cross section of the first-order prism at the lower part of the hollow seat 4, and the bearing plate fixing piece 14 is a screw.

The included angle between the outer surface of the movable wedge 5 and the vertical plane is equal to the included angle between the inner surface of the static wedge 11 and the vertical plane, both are gamma, and gamma is 3 degrees.

The included angle between the inclined plane of the inner surface of the movable wedge block 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle between the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform 6 and the horizontal plane, and both are alpha, and the alpha is 25 degrees.

The metal spacer 2 is a planar spacer; the energy storage element 19 is a group of metal disc springs; the material of the polymer elastic element 3 is TPEE. All sharp corner positions of the shell 1, the metal spacer 2, the hollow seat 4, the movable wedge 5, the hollow pyramid platform 6, the hollow pressing block 7, the mandrel 8, the static wedge 11, the movable plate 12, the bearing plate 13, the lining plate 15, the separating plate frame 17 and the lower sleeve 18 are processed into round corners or chamfers.

Example 2

The shell is cylindrical in shape, the upper cavity of the shell is a regular hexagonal prism cavity, and the lower cavity of the shell is a regular hexagonal prism cavity. Seven polymeric elastic elements 3, eight

metal separators

The inner and outer surfaces of the movable plate 12 are flat; the outer surface of the static wedge block 11 is a plane; the inner and outer surfaces of the lining plate 15 are both planes; the partition plate frame 17 is a regular hexagonal plate frame, the inner surface and the outer surface of the partition plate frame are regular hexagonal cylindrical surfaces, the partition plate frame 17 is provided with six rectangular strip-shaped movable plate holes, the width of each movable plate hole is equal to the thickness of each movable plate, and the length of each movable plate hole is larger than that of each movable plate; the distance from the hollow seat hole edge of the partition plate frame 17 to the movable plate hole edge is equal to the width of the bottom surface of the static wedge block; the lining plate positioning piece 16 is a set screw; the lower sleeve 18 is a regular hexagonal prism sleeve.

Six dynamic wedges 5, six static wedges 11 and six dynamic plates 12 are used.

The hollow pressing block 7 is a hollow regular hexagonal prism column body, the hollow frustum 6 is a hollow regular hexagonal frustum, and the inner surface of the movable wedge block 5 consists of an inclined plane and a horizontal plane; the hollow seat 4 is a hollow regular hexagonal prism which is a second-order prism, the length of the diagonal line of the hexagon of the upper second-order regular hexagonal prism is 5mm smaller than that of the hexagon of the hollow seat hole of the partition plate frame 17, and the length of the middle vertical line of the first-order regular hexagonal prism at the lower part is equal to the sum of the length of the middle vertical line of the regular hexagon of the hollow seat hole of the partition plate frame 17, the width of the bottom surface of the static wedge 11 and the thickness of the movable plate 12.

The bearing plate 13 is a regular hexagonal plate having a side length equal to that of a regular hexagon of a cross section of a first-order regular hexagonal prism at the lower part of the hollow seat 4, and the bearing plate fixing member 14 is a screw.

The included angle between the inclined plane on the upper surface of the movable wedge block 5 and the horizontal plane is equal to the included angle between the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform 6 and the horizontal plane, and both are alpha, and the alpha is 25 degrees.

Example 3

Essentially the same as in example 1, only the housing profile is a regular quadrangular prism and does not contain energy storage elements 19.

Example 4

Essentially the same as example 3, only two dynamic wedges, two static wedges and two dynamic plates were used.

Example 5

Basically the same as example 2, only the angle between the outer surface of the movable wedge 5 and the vertical plane and the angle γ between the inner surface of the stationary wedge 11 and the vertical plane were 2 °, the angle between the inclined plane of the upper surface of the movable wedge 5 and the horizontal plane and the angle α between the side of the hollow frustum 6 and the horizontal plane were 23 °.

Example 6

The shape of the shell 1 is cylindrical, the upper chamber of the shell 1 is a cylindrical surface, and the lower chamber of the shell is a cylindrical surface. Seven polymeric elastic elements 3, eight

metal separators

The inner and outer surfaces of the lining plate 15 are all cylindrical surfaces; the inner and outer surfaces of the movable plate 12 are all cylindrical surfaces; the outer surface of the static wedge 11 is a cylindrical surface, and the inner surface is a plane; the separating plate frame 17 is a plate frame with a cylindrical outer surface and a square cylindrical inner surface, the separating plate frame 17 is provided with four arc-shaped long-strip-shaped movable plate holes, the surface, close to the outer side, of each movable plate hole in the length direction is a cylindrical surface attached to the outer surface of the movable plate 12, the surface, close to the inner side, of each movable plate hole is a cylindrical surface attached to the inner surface of the movable plate 12, the width of each movable plate hole is equal to the thickness of each movable plate, and the length of; the lining plate positioning piece 16 is a set screw; the lower sleeve 18 is a cylindrical sleeve.

Four dynamic wedges 5, four static wedges 11 and four dynamic plates 12 are used.

The hollow pressing block 7 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism column, the hollow frustum 6 is a hollow regular quadrangular frustum, and the inner surface of the movable wedge block 5 consists of an inclined plane and a horizontal plane; the hollow seat 4 is a hollow regular quadrangular prism which is a second-order prism, the length of the diagonal line of the quadrangle of the upper second-order regular quadrangular prism is 5mm smaller than that of the quadrangle of the hollow seat hole of the partition plate frame 17, and the length of the middle vertical line of the lower regular quadrangular prism is equal to the sum of the length of the middle vertical line of the hollow seat hole of the partition plate frame 17, the width of the bottom surface of the static wedge 11 and the thickness of the movable plate 12.

The bearing plate 13 is a regular quadrilateral plate with the side length equal to that of a regular quadrilateral of the cross section of a first-order regular quadrangular prism at the lower part of the hollow seat 4, and the bearing plate fixing piece 14 is a screw.

Example 7

Basically the same as example 6, except that the outer surface of the movable plate 12 is a cylindrical surface and the inner surface is a flat surface; the outer surface of the static wedge block 11 is a plane; the partition plate frame 17 is a flat surface which is close to the inner side of the longitudinal direction of the plate hole of the movable plate 12 and does not contain the energy storage element 19.

Claims

1. A combined buffer with a pyramid-shaped frustum and comprising a movable plate and a lower sleeve comprises a group of energy absorbers, a group of wedge-shaped mechanisms and a group of connecting pieces, wherein the energy absorbers, the wedge-shaped mechanisms and the connecting pieces are arranged in a shell (1); the inner part of the shell (1) is composed of a lower cavity and an upper cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated with each other, the bottom of the lower cavity is sealed, a circular step through hole is formed in the center of the bottom, and the top of the upper cavity is opened; the energy absorber comprises a group of high polymer elastic elements (3) and a group of metal spacers (2), the high polymer elastic elements (3) are hollow cylinders with cambered upper and lower surfaces, and the center of each cylinder is provided with an elastic element center hole; the metal spacer (2) is a thin sheet, the thickness of the metal spacer (2) is 1/10-1/2 of the thickness of the high polymer elastic element (3), and a metal spacer central hole is formed in the center of the thin sheet; the wedge-shaped mechanism comprises a hollow pressing block (7), a wedge block and a hollow seat (4); the connecting piece comprises a mandrel (8), a nut (9) and a threaded connection anti-loosening piece (10), and is a connecting mechanism of the shell (1), the energy absorbing body and the wedge-shaped mechanism, one end of the mandrel (8) is provided with a shaft shoulder, the shaft shoulder is matched with a central circular stepped through hole at the bottom of the shell to play a role in axial positioning, the other end of the mandrel (8) is provided with an external thread, and the external thread is matched with the nut (9) and forms threaded connection through the threaded connection anti-loosening piece (10); one end of the mandrel (8) with a shaft shoulder is arranged in a central circular step through hole at the bottom of the shell (1), the other end passes through the shell (1) and is arranged at the top of the shell (1), the metal spacer (2), the macromolecular elastic element (3), the hollow seat (4) and the hollow pressing block (7) are sequentially arranged on the mandrel (8) through respective central holes, the metal spacer (2), the macromolecular elastic element (3), the hollow seat (4), the wedge block and the hollow pressing block (7) are fixedly connected with the shell (1) through a nut (9) and a thread connection anti-loosening piece (10), a central hole of the metal spacer (2), a central hole of the hollow seat (4), a central hole of the hollow pressing block (7) and a mandrel (8) are in clearance fit, the axis of the central hole of the macromolecular elastic element coincides with the axis of the mandrel (8), and a clearance is reserved between the central hole of the macromolecular elastic element (3) and the mandrel (8); the wedge block and the hollow pressing block (7) are positioned in an upper cavity of the shell (1), and the energy absorber composed of the polymer elastic element (3) and the metal spacer (2) is positioned in a lower cavity of the shell (1); the method is characterized in that:

the combined buffer with the pyramid platform, comprising the movable plate and the lower sleeve, further comprises a hollow pyramid platform (6), a movable plate mechanism and a bearing plate assembly;

the hollow pressing block (7) of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a hollow n-prism, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, the bottom of the hollow pressing block (7) is sealed, a pressing block center hole is formed in the center of the bottom, the upper portion of the hollow pressing block (7) is open, the upper surface of the hollow pressing block is a plane, the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (7) is a horizontal plane, and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (7) is attached to the upper surface of the hollow frustum pyramid (6);

the hollow pyramid platform (6) is a component of a wedge-shaped mechanism, the hollow pyramid platform (6) is a hollow n-shaped pyramid platform, n is the number of the prisms of the hollow pressing block (7), the upper surface and the lower surface of the hollow pyramid platform (6) are horizontal planes, each side surface of the hollow pyramid platform (6) is a trapezoidal plane, the trapezoidal plane is an isosceles trapezoid inclined plane with the upper long edge and the lower long edge, the included angle between the isosceles trapezoid inclined plane and the horizontal plane is alpha, alpha is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform (6) is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of the movable wedge block (5), a central hole is formed in the center of the hollow pyramid platform (6), the hollow pyramid platform (6) is installed on the mandrel (8) through the central hole, the hollow pressing block (7) and the metal spacer (2) are located, and the central hole of the pyramid platform is;

the wedge blocks of the wedge-shaped mechanism comprise a group of dynamic wedge blocks (5) and a group of static wedge blocks (11); the group of static wedges (11) is formed by combining i wedges, i is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n, n is the number of edges of a prism of the hollow pressing block (7), i is a positive integer, each static wedge (11) is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are both planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of the movable plate, the inner surface of the rectangular plate is an inclined plane, the included angle between the inclined plane and a vertical plane is gamma, gamma is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 89 degrees, the inclined plane inclines downwards and inwards from the upper side of the static wedge (11), two side surfaces are right trapezoid planes, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent; the movable wedge blocks (5) are combined by wedge blocks with the same number as the static wedge blocks, each movable wedge block (5) is a polyhedron, the outer surface of the polyhedron is an inclined plane attached to the inner surface of the static wedge block (11), the upper side of the inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper side of the driven wedge block (5), the included angle between the inclined plane and the vertical plane is equal to the included angle gamma between the inclined plane and the vertical plane of the static wedge block (11), two side surfaces of the polyhedron are planes with the same shape, the upper surface and the lower surface of the polyhedron are horizontal planes, the inclined plane of the inner surface of the movable wedge block (5) is a surface attached to the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform (6), the movable wedge block (5) is arranged at a position opposite to the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform (6), the lower surface of the movable wedge block (5) is arranged on the upper surface of the second-order column body of the hollow base (4), and a space is, a gap is reserved between two adjacent movable wedges (5);

the hollow seat (4) of the wedge-shaped mechanism is a second-order hollow cylinder, a hollow seat center hole is formed in the center of the second-order hollow cylinder, the upper second-order cylinder of the second-order hollow cylinder is located on the lower portion of the upper cavity of the shell (1), the lower first-order cylinder is located on the upper portion of the lower cavity of the shell (1), the lower first-order cylinder is a cylinder or a prism, the number of edges of the prism is equal to that of the prism of the hollow pressing block (7), the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower first-order cylinder are planes, the upper second-order cylinder is a cylinder or a prism, the number of edges of the prism is equal to that of the prism of the hollow pressing block (7), and the upper surface;

the movable plate mechanism comprises a group of movable plates (12), a group of lining plates (15), a partition plate frame (17) and a lower sleeve (18); the separating plate frame (17) is a flat plate with planar upper and lower surfaces, the outer surface of the flat plate is attached to the inner wall of a cavity at the upper part of the shell (1), the flat plate is installed on the upper surface of the lower sleeve (18), a hollow seat hole matched with a second-order cylinder of the hollow seat (4) is formed in the center part of the flat plate, the second-order cylinder of the hollow seat (4) penetrates through the hollow seat hole from the lower part, the upper surface of a first-order cylinder of the hollow seat (4) is attached to the lower surface of the separating plate frame (17), the lower surface of the first-order cylinder of the hollow seat (4) is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer (2) in the energy absorber, the outer surface of the first-order cylinder of the hollow seat (4) is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the lower sleeve, n long-strip-shaped movable plate holes are formed in the periphery of the hollow seat hole of the flat plate of the separating plate frame (17), n, the distance between the long edge of the long strip-shaped movable plate hole of the partition plate frame (17), which is close to the inner wall of the upper cavity of the shell (1), and the inner wall of the upper cavity of the shell (1) is equal to the thickness of the lining plate (15), the static wedge block (11) is arranged in the space between the inner surface of the movable plate and the hollow pressing block (7), the outer surface of the static wedge block (11) is attached to the inner surface of the movable plate (12), and the lower surface of the static wedge block (11) is attached to the upper surface of the partition plate frame (17) at the position between the; the group of movable plates (12) is formed by combining j movable plates, the number of j movable plates is equal to the number of i movable plates of the static wedge block (11), each movable plate (12) is a rectangular plate, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate are horizontal planes, two side surfaces of the rectangular plate are vertical planes, the outer surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the inner surface of the lining plate (15), the inner surface of the rectangular plate is a surface attached to the outer surface of the static wedge block (11), and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent movable plates (12); the group of lining plates (15) is formed by combining t lining plates, t is equal to the number i of the static wedge blocks (11), the lining plates (15) are plates, the outer surfaces of which are attached to the wall surface of the upper cavity of the shell (1), the shapes of which are the same as those of the upper cavity, the lower surfaces of the lining plates (15) are planes, the lining plates (15) are fixed on the wall surface of the upper cavity of the shell (1) through lining plate positioning parts (16), and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent lining plates (15); the lower sleeve (18) is a sleeve, the outer surface of the lower sleeve is attached to the wall surface of the lower cavity of the shell (1), the shape of the lower sleeve is the same as that of the lower cavity, the inner surface of the lower sleeve is in clearance fit with the outer surface of the first-order cylinder of the hollow seat (4), the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower sleeve are both planes, and the lower surface of the lower sleeve is attached to the bottom surface of the shell (1);

the bearing plate assembly comprises a bearing plate (13) and a bearing plate fixing piece (14), the bearing plate (13) is a flat plate, the bearing plate (13) is fixed on the upper surface of the hollow pressing block (7) through the bearing plate fixing piece (14), and the upper surface of the movable plate (12) is attached to the lower surface of the bearing plate (13).

2. The combined bumper with the pyramid-shaped inclusion plate and the lower sleeve as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block (5) is an inclined plane or a folded surface, the inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the upper side of the upper horizontal plane of the polyhedron, and the included angle between the inclined plane and the upper horizontal plane of the wedge block is equal to the included angle alpha between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane of the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform (6); the folding surface is formed by connecting a wedge block inner surface inclined plane and a wedge block inner surface vertical surface, the wedge block inner surface vertical surface is a vertical surface which is upward from the lower side of a polyhedron, the wedge block inner surface inclined plane is a surface which is connected between a polyhedron upper horizontal surface and the inner surface vertical surface of the movable wedge block (5), the wedge block inclined plane is inclined downwards and inwards from the wedge block upper horizontal surface, an included angle between the wedge block inclined plane and the wedge block upper horizontal surface is equal to an included angle alpha between an inclined plane and a horizontal surface of the side surface of the hollow pyramid platform (6), and the wedge block inner surface inclined plane in the folding surface is a surface which is attached to the inclined plane of the side surface of the hollow.

3. The combined bumper with the pyramid-shaped inclusion plate and the lower sleeve as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the outer surface and the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block (5) are equal-width surfaces or unequal-width surfaces with a narrow inner surface and a wide outer surface; the outer surface and the inner surface of the polyhedron of the movable wedge block (5) are unequal-width surfaces with narrow inner surface and wide outer surface, and the width of the inner surface is 3-100 mm shorter than that of the outer surface.

4. The combined bumper with the pyramid-shaped inclusion plate and the lower sleeve as set forth in claim 3, wherein: one hollow frustum (6) and a set of i piece move voussoir (5) are one set of frustum integrated configuration, frustum integrated configuration's cover number is k, and k is more than or equal to 1's positive integer, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection, and the frustum integrated configuration definition of the superiors is the kth cover, and k sets of frustum integrated configuration series connection's form is: the upper surface of a k hollow frustum (6) of the kth set of frustum combined structure is attached to the lower surface of a hollow pressing block (7), the side surface of the k hollow frustum (6) is attached to an inclined plane of the inner surface of k groups of i movable wedge blocks (5), and the lower surface of the k groups of i movable wedge blocks (5) is attached to the upper surface of a k-1 hollow frustum (6) of the kth set of frustum combined structure; the side surface of a k-1 hollow frustum (6) of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is jointed with the inclined plane of the inner surface of a k-1 group of i movable wedges (5), and the lower surface of the k-1 group of i movable wedges (5) of the k-1 set of frustum combined structure is jointed with the upper surface of a k-2 hollow frustum (6) of the k-2 set of frustum combined structure; by analogy, the side surface of a k-j hollow frustum (6) of the k-j set of frustum combined structure is attached to the inclined plane of the inner surface of the k-j groups of i movable wedges (5), the lower surface of the k-j groups of i movable wedges (5) of the k-j set of frustum combined structure is attached to the upper surface of the uppermost metal spacer (2), and j is a positive integer smaller than k by 1.

5. The combined bumper with the pyramid-shaped inclusion plate and the lower sleeve as set forth in claim 4, wherein: in the serially connected frustum combined structure, a fixed connection structure or a split structure is arranged between the upper surface of the hollow frustum (6) at the uppermost layer and the outer surface of the bottom of the hollow pressing block (7); the hollow pyramid platform (6) and the hollow pressing block (7) are fixedly connected into a whole or fixedly connected by a fastener.

6. The combined bumper with the pyramid-shaped inclusion plate and the lower sleeve as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the upper chamber and the lower chamber of the shell are m prism chambers or cylindrical chambers, m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, and the upper chamber and the lower chamber are chambers with the same shape or different shapes.

7. The combined bumper with the pyramid-shaped inclusion plate and the lower sleeve as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the utility model provides a take moving plate and telescopic combination formula buffer down of prismoid, the cover number of energy storage component (19) is the same with the cover number of prismoid integrated configuration, and every set of prismoid integrated configuration contains one set of energy storage component (19), energy storage component (19) are elastic element, and elastic element is equipped with the centre bore, installs on mandrel (8) through centre bore elastic element, and energy storage component (19) are located the upper surface of hollow prismoid (6) lower surface, movable wedge block (5) internal surface, another hollow prismoid (6) or the upper surface of the superiors metal spacer (2) and the space department between mandrel (8).

8. The combined bumper with the pyramid-shaped inclusion plate and the lower sleeve as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the elastic element of the energy storage element (19) is any one of a metal cylindrical spiral spring, a metal conical spiral spring, a metal disc spring, a metal plate spring, a polymer elastic body or a viscoelastic body.

9. The combined bumper with the pyramid-shaped inclusion plate and the lower sleeve as set forth in claim 8, wherein: and the gap between two adjacent lining plates (15), the gap between two adjacent movable plates (12), the gap between two adjacent static wedges (11) and the gap between two adjacent movable wedges (5) are all 5-100 mm.