CN213423723U - Glass gas chamber magneto-optical trap system for coherent population trapping cold atomic clock - Google Patents
Glass gas chamber magneto-optical trap system for coherent population trapping cold atomic clock Download PDFInfo
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- CN213423723U CN213423723U CN202022586633.9U CN202022586633U CN213423723U CN 213423723 U CN213423723 U CN 213423723U CN 202022586633 U CN202022586633 U CN 202022586633U CN 213423723 U CN213423723 U CN 213423723U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a glass air chamber magneto-optical trap system for coherent population trapping cold atomic clock, which is characterized in that the system comprises a vacuum cavity (1), an anti-Helmholtz coil (2) and an optical element (3), wherein the vacuum cavity (1) is a glass cavity, and the whole structure is a cuboid structure or part of the structure is a cuboid structure; anti helmholtz coil (2) include two coils, set up respectively at first side (M1) and third side (M3) of vacuum chamber (1) cuboid structure, optical element (3) are total three groups, and every group optical element (3) include a collimation beam expander mirror (31) and a speculum (32), and in every group optical element (3), collimation beam expander mirror (31) and speculum (32) are located the both sides of vacuum chamber (1) respectively. The utility model discloses a glass air chamber magneto-optical trap system for coherent population imprisons cold atomic clock has a great deal of advantages such as simple structure, small, the light path is nimble, application scope is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a magneto-optical trap system especially relates to a glass air chamber magneto-optical trap system that is used for coherent population imprison cold atomic clock, belongs to quantum precision measurement field.
Background
Coherent population trapping (CPT for short) was first observed in Na atomic optical pumping experiments by Alzetta, Gozzini, Moi and Orriols in 1976. In recent years, atomic clocks based on the CPT principle have exhibited advantages in terms of medium-and long-term stability and miniaturization. An atomic clock constructed based on a Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) principle has important significance in the field of miniaturized atomic clock research.
The basic principle of CPT is that when a bicolor optical field with a certain frequency difference and an alkali metal neutral atom interact, if the frequency difference is just equal to a sideband of the frequency difference between the ground hyperfine energy levels of the neutral atom, the atom does not absorb photons any more, CPT resonance is formed, the transmission light intensity of the optical field is enhanced, and then a photoelectric detector is used for detecting a CPT resonance signal.
The CPT resonance signal is extremely sensitively dependent on the frequency difference between the two-color optical fields and is used as a deviation rectifying signal of the local oscillator, and the CPT atomic clock can be realized after the local oscillator is locked. In the traditional microwave frequency band atomic clock, a microwave resonant cavity with a certain size is needed to enable microwave signals and atoms to resonate, and in the CPT atomic clock, because a bicolor optical field contains an optical sideband with a frequency difference of a microwave frequency band (generally 6.835GHz or 9.192GHz), the volume of the atomic clock constructed based on the CPT principle is not limited by the size of the microwave resonant cavity any more, so that the development of a miniaturized atomic clock is realized.
In the CPT atomic clock which is generally developed at present, the core physical component is a neutral thermal atom air chamber filled with buffer gas. The buffer gas in the atomic gas chamber has the function of relieving the collision between neutral atoms and the wall of the gas chamber and reducing the relaxation caused by the wall of the gas chamber as much as possible, however, the collision frequency shift between the buffer gas and the neutral atoms is inevitably introduced in the atomic gas chamber, so that the atomic coherence time is short, and the stability of the frequency of the CPT atomic clock based on the thermal atomic gas chamber in the medium and long periods is not ideal. If the laser is used for cooling the trapped atoms to replace a hot atom air chamber, collision relaxation caused by buffer gas can be effectively avoided, and the coherence time of the atoms and the CPT light field is greatly prolonged. Furthermore, when the Ramsey separation oscillating field technology is combined with the CPT atomic clock, because the cold atoms have longer free evolution time, the important factors restricting the stability of the middle and long-term frequency of the atomic clock can be effectively reduced: the light is shifted.
With the aging of laser cooling and atom trapping technologies, a magneto-optical trap system is rapidly developed, and the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap can trap alkali metal neutral atoms in the center of a vacuum chamber, so that technical support is provided for realizing a CPT cold atomic clock. The optical trap in the magneto-optical trap generally comprises six cooling light beams and one re-pumping light beam, and because frequency stabilization and frequency shift are required to be carried out on a laser system, a laser source is generally provided by an external cavity semiconductor laser and a laser amplifier, the magnetic trap is provided with a gradient magnetic field with a zero center by a pair of anti-Helmholtz magnetic field coils, generally, three pairs of Helmholtz coils are added to counteract the influence of a geomagnetic field, and the three pairs of Helmholtz coils are used as geomagnetic field compensation coils.
The existing international and domestic magneto-optical trap systems for atomic clocks are generally applied to cold atomic fountain clocks, generally adopt a metal vacuum cavity atomic gas chamber with a large volume, and need to be provided with a plurality of windows, so that the complexity of the magneto-optical trap system structure is increased, cooling light beams and re-pumping light beams are introduced through fixed windows, and once the light paths are determined, the adjustment and optimization are difficult.
For the reasons, a coherent population trapping cold atomic clock magneto-optical trap system with a simple structure, a small volume and a flexible optical path is urgently needed to be researched.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the problems, the inventor of the invention carries out a sharp research, provides a glass air chamber magneto-optical trap system of a coherent population trapping cold atomic clock, solves the problems that the coherent population trapping cold atomic clock is miniaturized and an optical path is flexible and cannot be considered, and has the advantages of simple structure, small size, flexible optical path and capability of realizing miniaturization.
Specifically, the glass gas chamber magneto-optical trap system of the coherent population trapping cold atom clock comprises a vacuum chamber 1, an anti-Helmholtz coil 2 and an optical element 3,
the vacuum cavity 1 is a glass cavity and is of a cuboid structure as a whole or partially;
the anti-Helmholtz coil 2 comprises two coils, which are respectively arranged on the first side M1 and the third side M3 of the rectangular parallelepiped structure of the vacuum chamber 1,
the optical elements 3 have three groups, each group of optical elements 3 includes a collimating and beam expanding lens 31 and a reflecting mirror 32, and in each group of optical elements 3, the collimating and beam expanding lens 31 and the reflecting mirror 32 are respectively located at two sides of the vacuum chamber 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the rectangular parallelepiped structure of the vacuum chamber 1 has a length and width of 20mm to 100mm and a height of 40 mm to 120 mm.
Furthermore, the glass surface of the vacuum chamber 1 is plated with an antireflection film of 700-900 nm.
Preferably, the mirror 32 is a 0 ° total reflection mirror.
According to the utility model discloses, the cooling beam that the collimation beam expander 31 sent is passed and is followed former light path reflection back to in the vacuum chamber 1 by speculum 32 after vacuum chamber 1.
Further, the light beams emitted from the collimating beam-expanding lenses 31 of the two sets of optical elements 3 are incident from the second side M2 and the fourth side M4 of the rectangular parallelepiped structure of the vacuum chamber 1, or
The light beams emitted by the collimating beam expanding lens 31 in the two groups of optical elements 3 are incident from the second side M2 or the fourth side M4 of the cuboid structure of the vacuum chamber 1;
the light beam from the collimating beam expander 31 in one set of optical elements 3 is incident from the first side M1 or the third side M3 of the rectangular parallelepiped structure of the vacuum chamber 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the two light beams incident from the second side M2 and/or the fourth side M4 are both at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal plane, and the two light beams are perpendicular to each other, and the light beam incident from the first side M1 or the third side M3 is perpendicular to the first side M1 and the third side M3.
According to the present invention, a quarter wave plate 7 is provided between the collimating beam expander 31 and the vacuum chamber 1;
a quarter wave plate 7 is arranged between the mirror 32 and the vacuum chamber 1.
In the present invention, two coils of a pair of anti-helmholtz coils 2 are respectively located between the collimating beam expander 31 and the vacuum chamber 1 and between the reflector 32 and the vacuum chamber 1.
According to the present invention, a vacuum pump interface 5 and an atom source interface 6 are provided in the lower part of the vacuum chamber 1.
According to the utility model provides a pair of glass air chamber magneto-optical trap system for coherent population imprisons cold atomic clock, the beneficial effect who has includes:
1) the structure is simple, and a complex window sealing structure is not required to be arranged;
2) the volume is small, the space is saved, and the application range is wide;
3) the optical path is flexible, and the position of the optical element can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a glass gas cell magneto-optical trap system for a coherent population trapping cold atom clock according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a glass gas cell magneto-optical trap system for a coherent population trapping cold atom clock according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1-vacuum chamber;
2-anti helmholtz coil;
3-an optical element;
5-vacuum pump interface;
6-atomic source interface;
7-a quarter wave plate;
12-a support tube;
31-a collimating beam expander;
32-a mirror;
m1-first side;
m2 — second side;
m3-third side;
m4-fourth side.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
According to the utility model provides a pair of glass gas chamber magneto-optical trap system for coherent population imprisons cold atomic clock, including vacuum chamber 1, anti helmholtz coil 2 and optical element 3, as shown in fig. 1, 2.
The vacuum cavity 1 is a glass cavity and is of a cuboid structure as a whole or partially.
The optical elements 3 have three groups, each group of optical elements 3 includes a collimating beam expander 31 and a reflector 32, the collimating beam expander 31 is connected to the light beam generating device through an optical fiber, so that the collimating beam expander 31 can emit a cooling light beam, further, in each group of optical elements 3, the collimating beam expander 31 and the reflector 32 are respectively located at two sides of the vacuum chamber 1, so that the cooling light beam emitted by the collimating beam expander 31 can pass through the vacuum chamber 1 and then be reflected back to the vacuum chamber 1 along the original light path by the reflector 32.
Preferably, the reflector 32 is a 0 ° total reflector to ensure that the light beam can return along the original light path.
In the present invention, the cooling beam refers to a cooling beam containing re-pumping light.
Further, the light beams emitted or reflected by the three sets of optical elements 3 intersect inside the vacuum chamber 1, irradiating the atoms in the vacuum chamber 1 to achieve the effect of cooling the atoms.
In the present invention, the four sides of the rectangular parallelepiped structure of the vacuum chamber 1 are referred to as a first side M1, a second side M2, a third side M3 and a fourth side M4 in this order, wherein the first side M1 is opposite to the third side M3, and the second side M2 is opposite to the fourth side M4.
In a preferred embodiment, the light beams emitted from the collimating beam-expanding lens 31 in the two groups of optical elements 3 are incident from the second side M2 and the fourth side M4, respectively, or the light beams emitted from the collimating beam-expanding lens 31 in the two groups of optical elements 3 are incident from the second side M2 or the fourth side M4 of the rectangular parallelepiped structure of the vacuum chamber 1;
the light beam emitted from the collimating beam expander 31 in one set of optical elements 3 enters from the first side M1 or the fourth side M4. Preferably, the two light beams incident from the second side M2 and/or the fourth side M4 are both at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal plane, and the two light beams are perpendicular to each other, and the light beam incident from the first side M1 or the third side M3 is perpendicular to the first side M1 and the third side M3, so that the three light beams are perpendicular to each other for better cooling effect.
In a more preferred embodiment, in the two sets of optical elements 3 emitting light beams to the second side M2 and the fourth side M4, the light beams emitted by the two collimating beam expanders 31 are inclined upward by 45 ° with respect to the horizontal plane and respectively irradiate the second side M2 and the fourth side M4, and the cold atomic groups tend to move downward due to the gravity, while the light intensity of the light beam emitted by the collimating beam expander 31 located at the lower part of the vacuum chamber is stronger than that of the light beam returned by the upper atomic part reflector, so that the cold atomic groups are more uniformly stressed in the vertical direction. Furthermore, the space at the upper part of the system is saved by the arrangement, so that the size of the external magnetic shielding cover is reduced, the routing of the optical fiber connected with the collimation and beam expansion lens 31 is facilitated, and the phenomenon that the transmission efficiency is reduced and even the optical fiber is broken due to the overlarge bending angle is avoided.
Furthermore, the light beams incident from the second side surface M2 and/or the fourth side surface M4 form an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane respectively, and the two light beams are arranged perpendicular to each other, so that on the horizontal plane where the cooled atoms are located, optical elements are not arranged at the positions corresponding to the second side surface M2 and the fourth side surface M4, and therefore optical devices for generating CPT light beams can be arranged at the positions, and the magneto-optical trap system can be applied to a CPT atomic clock.
Traditional metal vacuum cavity needs set up the glass window on the vacuum cavity to set up complicated airtight structure for the glass window the utility model discloses in, because vacuum cavity 1 wholly adopts the glass cavity, need not to set up the glass window alone, make vacuum cavity 1 airtight reliability better, the volume is littleer, weight is lower.
Moreover, the whole vacuum cavity 1 is a glass cavity, so that the irradiation angle and the irradiation position of the light beam emitted by the collimation beam expander 3 can be adjusted more flexibly, the size and the position of a glass window do not need to be restrained like a metal vacuum cavity, and the practicability is higher.
Further, between the collimator-beam expander 31 and the vacuum chamber 1 and between the reflector 32 and the vacuum chamber 1, quarter wave plates 7 are further provided to adjust the light polarization.
According to the utility model discloses, a pair of anti helmholtz coils 2 includes two coils, and the electric current direction of two coils is opposite, sets up respectively at vacuum chamber 1 first side M1 and third side M3, is located between collimation beam expanding lens 31 and the vacuum chamber 1 and between speculum 32 and the vacuum chamber 1 for produce gradient magnetic field.
The inventor conducts a large amount of research and experiments according to the vacuum degree, the cavity volume and the pressure resistance of glass required by an atomic clock, and obtains design parameters of a cuboid structure of a vacuum cavity 1, specifically, the length and the width of the outer surface of the vacuum cavity 1 are not less than 10mm, preferably 10-100 mm, the preferred length and the preferred width are the same, the more preferred length and the preferred width are 10mm, and the thickness of the cavity wall of the vacuum cavity 1 is 1/10-1/8 which is the minimum value of the length and the width of the vacuum cavity 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the height of the outer surface of the rectangular parallelepiped structure of the vacuum chamber 1 is 20 to 120mm, preferably 40 to 60 mm.
Further, the glass surface of the vacuum chamber 1 is plated with 700-900 nm of antireflection film, and more preferably with 770-800 nm of antireflection film, so that the transmittance of the glass to laser with 780nm and 795nm wavelength reaches more than 95%, and the system error caused by the front wave distortion effect of light is greatly reduced.
According to the present invention, a vacuum pump port 5 and an atom source port 6 are provided at the lower part of the vacuum chamber 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The vacuum pump interface 5 is used for connecting a vacuum machine to maintain the vacuum degree in the vacuum cavity 1, and the atom source interface 6 is connected with an atom source component to provide atoms in the vacuum cavity 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the vacuum chamber 1 comprises a rectangular parallelepiped structure and a lower support tube 12 so as to be mounted on a support table, which is a perforated flat plate structure,
the sectional dimension of lower part stay tube 12 is less than the sectional dimension of 1 cuboid structure of vacuum cavity, and the length or the width of 1 cuboid structure surface of vacuum cavity is greater than the aperture of hole on the brace table, and the cross-section of lower part stay tube 12 is less than the cross-section of hole on the brace table for lower part stay tube 12 is located a brace table lower part, and 1 cuboid structure of vacuum cavity is located a brace table upper portion.
Furthermore, the lower support tube 12 is hermetically connected with the cuboid structure of the vacuum chamber 1, and the vacuum pump interface 5 and the atom source interface 6 are arranged on the lower support tube 12.
More preferably, the lower support tube 12 is made of metal, and a smooth transition structure is formed between the lower support tube 12 and the rectangular structure of the vacuum chamber 1.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", and the like indicate the position or positional relationship based on the operation state of the present invention, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the connection may be direct or indirect via an intermediate medium, and may be a communication between the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The present invention has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, which are merely exemplary and illustrative. On this basis, can be right the utility model discloses carry out multiple replacement and improvement, these all fall into the utility model discloses a protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. A magneto-optical trap system of a glass air chamber for a coherent population trapping cold atom clock is characterized by comprising a vacuum chamber (1), an anti-Helmholtz coil (2) and an optical element (3),
the vacuum cavity (1) is a glass cavity and is of a cuboid structure as a whole or partially;
the anti-Helmholtz coil (2) comprises two coils which are respectively arranged on a first side surface (M1) and a third side surface (M3) of a cuboid structure of the vacuum chamber (1),
the optical elements (3) have three groups, each group of optical elements (3) comprises a collimation and expansion lens (31) and a reflector (32), and in each group of optical elements (3), the collimation and expansion lens (31) and the reflector (32) are respectively positioned at two sides of the vacuum cavity (1).
2. The glass-gas cell magneto-optical trap system for a coherent population trapped-cold-atom clock of claim 1,
the length and the width of the cuboid structure of the vacuum cavity (1) are 10 mm-100 mm, and the height is 20-120 mm.
3. The glass-gas cell magneto-optical trap system for a coherent population trapped-cold-atom clock of claim 1,
the glass surface of the vacuum cavity (1) is plated with an antireflection film of 700-900 nm.
4. The glass-gas cell magneto-optical trap system for a coherent population trapped-cold-atom clock of claim 1,
the reflector (32) is a 0-degree total reflector.
5. The glass-gas cell magneto-optical trap system for a coherent population trapped-cold-atom clock of claim 1,
the cooling light beam emitted by the collimation beam expander (31) passes through the vacuum cavity (1) and is reflected back to the vacuum cavity (1) by the reflector (32) along the original light path.
6. The glass-gas cell magneto-optical trap system for a coherent population trapped-cold-atom clock of claim 1,
the light beams emitted by the collimating beam expander lenses (31) in the two groups of optical elements (3) are respectively incident from the second side surface (M2) and the fourth side surface (M4) of the cuboid structure of the vacuum chamber (1), or
The light beams emitted by the collimating beam expander lenses (31) in the two groups of optical elements (3) are incident from the second side surface (M2) or the fourth side surface (M4) of the cuboid structure of the vacuum chamber (1);
the light beams emitted by the collimating beam expander (31) in one set of optical elements (3) are incident from a first side (M1) or a third side (M3) of the cuboid structure of the vacuum chamber (1).
7. The glass-gas cell magneto-optical trap system for a coherent population trapped-cold-atom clock of claim 6,
the two light beams incident from the second side (M2) and/or the fourth side (M4) are both at an angle of (45) ° to the horizontal plane, and the two light beams are perpendicular to each other, and the light beam incident from the first side (M1) or the third side (M3) is perpendicular to the first side (M1) and the third side (M3).
8. The glass-gas cell magneto-optical trap system for a coherent population trapped-cold-atom clock of claim 1,
a quarter wave plate (7) is arranged between the collimation beam expander (31) and the vacuum cavity (1);
a quarter wave plate (7) is arranged between the reflector (32) and the vacuum chamber (1).
9. The glass-gas cell magneto-optical trap system for a coherent population trapped-cold-atom clock of claim 1,
two coils of the pair of anti-Helmholtz coils (2) are respectively positioned between the collimation beam expander lens (31) and the vacuum cavity (1) and between the reflector (32) and the vacuum cavity (1).
10. The glass-gas cell magneto-optical trap system for a coherent population trapped-cold-atom clock of claim 1,
the lower part of the vacuum cavity (1) is provided with a vacuum pump interface (5) and an atom source interface (6).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113970884A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-01-25 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Cesium atomic clock beam optical component position dynamic optimization system |
| CN114114884A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Coherent population trapping cold atomic clock based on grating chip and application method thereof |
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2020
- 2020-11-10 CN CN202022586633.9U patent/CN213423723U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113970884A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-01-25 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Cesium atomic clock beam optical component position dynamic optimization system |
| CN114114884A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Coherent population trapping cold atomic clock based on grating chip and application method thereof |
| CN114114884B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-06-23 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Coherent population trapping cold atomic clock based on grating chip and application method thereof |
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