JP2015002447A - Atomic oscillator, electronic apparatus and mobile body - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an atomic oscillator that has a smaller size and a lower height, and maintains a stable oscillation characteristic by suppressing, among others, oscillation characteristic instability resulting from an effect of external magnetism and an optical axis deviation due to temperature interference.SOLUTION: An atomic oscillator 10 includes: a gas cell 21 filled with metal atoms; a light source 22 arranged in line with the gas cell 21 to emit excitation light to the metal atoms; a gas cell side magnetic shield part 3 arranged between the gas cell 21 and the light source 22; and an outer magnetic shield part 5 arranged relative to the gas cell 21 with the gas cell side magnetic shield part 3 in between.

Description

  The present invention relates to an atomic oscillator, an electronic device using the atomic oscillator, and a moving object.

  2. Description of the Related Art Atomic oscillators that oscillate based on energy transitions of alkali metal atoms such as rubidium and cesium are known. In general, the operating principles of atomic oscillators are broadly divided into methods that use the double resonance phenomenon of light and microwaves, and methods that use the quantum interference effect (CPT: Coherent Population Trapping) of two types of light with different wavelengths. Is done.

  In any type of atomic oscillator, an alkali metal is sealed in a gas cell together with a buffer gas, and how much light incident on the gas cell is absorbed by the alkali metal is detected by a detector provided on the opposite side. Thus, the atomic resonance is detected, and the detected atomic resonance is output as a reference signal by the control system. As such an atomic oscillator, a configuration is disclosed in which a gas cell is provided on a substrate, and a light (excitation light) light source and a detector are disposed on both sides of the gas cell (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).

  In addition, since an atomic oscillator using CPT is smaller than an atomic oscillator using a double resonance phenomenon, it is expected that the atomic oscillator will be incorporated into various electronic devices. Is desired.

JP 2009-231688 A

However, downsizing and low profile have caused problems such as optical axis shift due to temperature interference and unstable oscillation characteristics because metal atoms in the gas cell are easily affected by external magnetism. The risk of occurrence increases.
The purpose of the present invention is to reduce the size and height of the device, and to suppress the influence of magnetism due to fluctuations in the external magnetic field and the destabilization of the oscillation characteristics due to the optical axis shift due to temperature interference. To provide a sustainable atomic oscillator.

  SUMMARY An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to solve at least a part of the problems described above, and the invention can be implemented as the following forms or application examples.

  Application Example 1 An atomic oscillator according to this application example includes a gas cell in which metal atoms are sealed, a light source that is arranged alongside the gas cell, and that emits excitation light to the metal atom, and is disposed outside the gas cell. The gas cell-side magnetic shielding portion, the gas cell, and an outer magnetic shielding portion arranged with the gas cell-side magnetic shielding portion interposed therebetween are provided.

  According to the atomic oscillator of this application example, the double magnetic shielding portion of the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion and the outer magnetic shielding portion is provided between the gas cell and the light source arranged side by side. It is possible to suppress the influence on the metal atoms in the gas cell and stabilize the oscillation characteristics. With this configuration, it is possible to provide an atomic oscillator that can suppress the influence of magnetism on the gas cell while reducing the size.

  Application Example 2 In the atomic oscillator according to the application example, the atomic oscillator includes a substrate on which the gas cell and the light source are placed, and the outer magnetic shielding portion includes a bottom portion and a lid portion. The part includes the gas cell-side magnetic shielding part, and the bottom part sandwiches the substrate between the gas cell-side magnetic shielding part and the gas cell-side magnetic shielding part.

  According to this application example, the outer magnetic shielding portion includes the lid portion and the bottom portion, the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion covering the gas cell is included in the lid portion, and the bottom portion is disposed with the substrate interposed therebetween. By setting it as such a structure, the structure which has the double magnetic shielding part by which the outer side magnetic shielding part is provided in the gas cell side magnetic shielding part which covers a gas cell on both sides of a board | substrate can be implement | achieved easily. Furthermore, according to the above-described configuration, the optical axis alignment between the gas cell and the light source arranged on the substrate with the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion interposed therebetween is performed, and the outer magnetic shield is interposed with the substrate when the optical axis is aligned. Parts can be arranged. As described above, the gas cell and the light source are arranged side by side with the substrate, so that the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion and the outer magnetic shielding portion have a double magnetic shielding portion even in a so-called horizontal placement. It is possible to provide an atomic oscillator capable of easily aligning the optical axis between the gas cell and the light source.

  Application Example 3 In the atomic oscillator according to the application example described above, the bottom portion has a length in the optical axis direction of the excitation light longer than a length in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction in plan view. And

  According to this application example, the length of the bottom portion of the excitation light in the optical axis direction is longer than the length in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction in plan view. The length of becomes longer. By providing such a bottom, the strength of the substrate in the optical axis direction of the excitation light can be increased, and deformation of the substrate can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to prevent a deviation between the excitation light and the optical axis of the cell caused by deformation of the substrate.

  Application Example 4 In the atomic oscillator described in the above application example, a quantum interference effect method using two lights emitted from the light source having different wavelengths is used.

  According to this application example, the quantum interference effect method that allows easy alignment of the optical axis of the gas cell and the light source while having a double magnetic shield part of the gas cell side magnetic shield part and the outer magnetic shield part. An atomic oscillator using the above can be provided.

  Application Example 5 An electronic apparatus according to this application example includes the atomic oscillator described in any one of the application examples described above.

  According to this application example, the electronic device is provided with the double magnetic shielding portion having a high magnetic shielding effect and the atomic oscillator in which the characteristic variation due to magnetism is suppressed. Can be provided.

  Application Example 6 A moving object according to this application example includes the atomic oscillator described in any one of the above application examples.

  According to this application example, since the dual magnetic shielding unit having a high magnetic shielding effect is provided and the atomic oscillator in which the characteristic variation due to magnetism is suppressed is provided, the movable body capable of continuing stable characteristics is provided. Can be provided.

The outline of the atomic oscillator concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention is shown, (a) is a front sectional view and (b) is a top view of an AA section of (a). The schematic block diagram of the atomic oscillator shown in FIG. The figure for demonstrating the energy state of the alkali metal in the gas cell of the atomic oscillator shown in FIG. The graph which shows the relationship between the frequency difference of the two lights from a light emission part (light source), and the detection intensity in a light detection part about the light emission part (light source) and light detection part of the atomic oscillator shown in FIG. An outline of an atomic oscillator concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention is shown, (a) is a front sectional view and (b) is a top view of a BB section of (a). An outline of an atomic oscillator concerning a 3rd embodiment of the present invention is shown, (a) is a front sectional view and (b) is a top view of a CC section of (a). The front sectional view showing the outline of the atomic oscillator concerning a 3rd embodiment of the present invention. The outline of the atomic oscillator which concerns on the modification of this invention is shown, (a) is a front sectional view, (b) is the D view side view of (a). The figure which shows schematic structure at the time of using the electronic device of embodiment which concerns on this invention for the positioning system using a GPS satellite. The schematic block diagram which shows an example of the clock transmission system as an electronic device using the atomic oscillator of embodiment which concerns on this invention. The perspective view which shows the structure of a mobile body (automobile) provided with the atomic oscillator of embodiment which concerns on this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of an atomic oscillator, an electronic apparatus using the atomic oscillator, and a moving body according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(1) Atomic Oscillator <First Embodiment>
First, the atomic oscillator according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B schematically show an atomic oscillator according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a front sectional view, FIG. 1B is a plan view of an AA section of FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the atomic oscillator shown in FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the energy state of the alkali metal in the gas cell of the atomic oscillator shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 shows the light emitting part (light source) and the light detecting part of the atomic oscillator shown in FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a frequency difference between two lights from a light emitting part (light source) and a detection intensity in a light detection part.

  An atomic oscillator 10 shown in FIG. 1 is an atomic oscillator using a quantum interference effect. The atomic oscillator 10 includes a unit portion 8 that constitutes a main portion that causes a quantum interference effect, a gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 that houses the unit portion 8 and shields magnetism from the outside, and a gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3. The outer magnetic shielding part 5 including the bottom part 52 provided with the lid part 51 and the substrate 31 interposed therebetween, and the light emitting part 6 including the light source 22 are provided. Here, the unit part 8 includes a gas cell 21, optical components 231, 232, a light detection part 24, and a connection member 29, which are unitized. In addition to the above, the atomic oscillator 10 includes a heater 75, a temperature sensor 76, a coil 77, and a control unit 7, which are not shown in FIG. 1 (see FIG. 2).

  First, the principle of the atomic oscillator 10 will be briefly described. In the atomic oscillator 10, gaseous alkali metal (metal atom) such as rubidium, cesium, or sodium is sealed in the gas cell 21. As shown in FIG. 3, the alkali metal has a three-level energy level, and has three ground states, two ground states (ground states 1 and 2) having different energy levels, and an excited state. Can take. Here, the ground state 1 is a lower energy state than the ground state 2.

  When two types of resonant light 1 and resonant light 2 having different frequencies are irradiated onto such a gaseous alkali metal, the difference (ω1-ω2) between the frequency ω1 of the resonant light 1 and the frequency ω2 of the resonant light 2 Accordingly, the light absorptance (light transmittance) of the resonance light 1 and the resonance light 2 in the alkali metal changes. When the difference (ω1−ω2) between the frequency ω1 of the resonant light 1 and the frequency ω2 of the resonant light 2 matches the frequency corresponding to the energy difference between the ground state 1 and the ground state 2, the ground state 1 and The excitation from the ground state 2 to the excited state stops. At this time, both the resonance light 1 and the resonance light 2 are transmitted without being absorbed by the alkali metal. Such a phenomenon is called a CPT (Coherent Population Trapping) phenomenon or an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon.

  The light source 22 emits two types of light (resonant light 1 and resonant light 2) having different frequencies as described above toward the gas cell 21. For example, when the light source 22 fixes the frequency ω1 of the resonant light 1 and changes the frequency ω2 of the resonant light 2, the difference (ω1-ω2) between the frequency ω1 of the resonant light 1 and the frequency ω2 of the resonant light 2 is obtained. When the frequency coincides with the frequency ω 0 corresponding to the energy difference between the ground state 1 and the ground state 2, the detection intensity of the light detection unit 24 increases sharply as shown in FIG. Such a steep signal is detected as an EIT signal. This EIT signal has an eigenvalue determined by the type of alkali metal. Therefore, an oscillator can be configured by using such an EIT signal.

Hereinafter, each part of the atomic oscillator 10 will be sequentially described in detail.
[Gas cell]
The gas cell 21 is filled with gaseous alkali metals such as rubidium, cesium and sodium. The gas cell 21 has a main body portion 211 having a columnar through hole and a pair of windows 212 and 213 that block both openings of the through hole. Thereby, the internal space S in which the alkali metal as described above is enclosed is formed.

  Here, each window part 212,213 of the gas cell 21 has the permeability | transmittance with respect to the excitation light from the light source 22 mentioned above. One window portion 212 transmits excitation light incident into the gas cell 21, and the other window portion 213 transmits excitation light emitted from the gas cell 21.

  The material constituting the windows 212 and 213 is not particularly limited as long as it has transparency to the excitation light as described above, and examples thereof include glass materials and quartz. Moreover, the material which comprises the main-body part 211 of the gas cell 21 is not specifically limited, A metal material, a resin material, etc. may be sufficient and a glass material, a crystal | crystallization, etc. may be sufficient like the window parts 212 and 213. The window portions 212 and 213 are airtightly joined to the main body portion 211. Thereby, the internal space S of the gas cell 21 can be made into an airtight space. The method for joining the main body 211 and the windows 212 and 213 of the gas cell 21 is determined according to these constituent materials, and is not particularly limited. For example, a joining method using an adhesive, a direct joining method, an anode A bonding method or the like can be used.

  A heat transfer layer 214 is provided on the surface of the window 212 of the gas cell 21. Similarly, a heat transfer layer 215 is provided on the surface of the window portion 213 of the gas cell 21. The heat transfer layers 214 and 215 are made of a material having a thermal conductivity larger than that of the material constituting the window portions 212 and 213, respectively. Thereby, the heat from the connection member 29 can be efficiently diffused by heat conduction by the heat transfer layers 214 and 215. As a result, the temperature distribution in each of the window portions 212 and 213 can be made uniform.

  In the present embodiment, the heat transfer layers 214 and 215 are provided on the outer surface side of the gas cell 21. Therefore, the connection member 29 can be brought into contact with the heat transfer layers 214 and 215. Thereby, the transfer of heat from the connection member 29 to the heat transfer layers 214 and 215 can be performed in an efficient history. A heat transfer layer similar to the heat transfer layers 214 and 215 may also be provided on the inner surfaces of the window portions 212 and 213. In this case, the temperature distribution of each window part 212,213 can be equalized more efficiently. Further, the heat transfer layers 214 and 215 have transparency to excitation light. As a result, excitation light can enter the gas cell 21 from the outside of the gas cell 21 via the heat transfer layer 214 and the window 212. Further, excitation light can be emitted from the gas cell 21 to the outside of the gas cell 21 through the window 213 and the heat transfer layer 215. As a constituent material of such heat transfer layers 214 and 215, the heat transfer layers 214 and 215 have a thermal conductivity higher than that of the constituent materials of the windows 212 and 213, and the heat transfer layers 214 and 215 transmit excitation light. For example, diamond, DLC (diamond-like carbon), or the like can be used as long as it can be used.

[Light emission part]
The light emitting portion 6 includes main body portions 36 and 37 having columnar through holes, a pair of lid portions 33 and 34 that block both openings of the through holes, and the light source 22. The light source 22 is fixed in an internal space formed by the main body portions 36 and 37 and the pair of lid portions 33 and 34. The light source 22 has a function of emitting excitation light that excites alkali metal atoms in the gas cell 21. A through hole 35 is provided in the main body portion 37 located on the gas cell 21 side, and excitation light is emitted from the light source 22 toward the gas cell 21 through the through hole 35.

  More specifically, the light emitting unit 6 emits two types of light (resonant light 1 and resonant light 2) having different frequencies as described above. The frequency ω1 of the resonant light 1 can excite the alkali metal in the gas cell 21 from the ground state 1 to the excited state. Further, the frequency ω2 of the resonant light 2 can excite the alkali metal in the gas cell 21 from the ground state 2 to the excited state.

  The light source 22 is not particularly limited as long as it can emit the excitation light as described above. For example, a semiconductor laser such as a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) can be used.

[Optical parts]
As shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of optical components 231 and 232 are openings formed in the connection member 29 on the optical path of the excitation light LL between the light emitting unit 6 (light source 22) and the gas cell 21, respectively. The unit 27 is provided. In the present embodiment, the optical component 231 and the optical component 232 are arranged in this order from the light source 22 side to the gas cell 21 side.

  The optical component 231 is a λ / 4 wavelength plate. Thereby, the excitation light LL from the light source 22 can be converted from linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light (right circularly polarized light or left circularly polarized light).

  As will be described later, in the state where the alkali metal atoms in the gas cell 21 are Zeeman split by the magnetic field of the coil 77, if the alkali metal atoms are irradiated with linearly polarized excitation light, the interaction between the excitation light and the alkali metal atoms causes an alkali. This means that metal atoms are evenly distributed in a plurality of levels where Zeeman splits. As a result, the number of alkali metal atoms at a desired energy level is relatively small with respect to the number of alkali metal atoms at other energy levels, so that the number of atoms that develop a desired EIT phenomenon is reduced and desired. As a result, the oscillation characteristic of the atomic oscillator 10 is deteriorated.

  On the other hand, when the alkali metal atom is irradiated with circularly polarized excitation light in a state where the alkali metal atom in the gas cell 21 is Zeeman split by the magnetic field of the coil 77 as described later, the interaction between the excitation light and the alkali metal atom. Thus, the number of alkali metal atoms having a desired energy level among the plurality of levels in which the alkali metal atom is Zeeman split can be relatively increased with respect to the number of alkali metal atoms having other energy levels. . Therefore, the number of atoms that express the desired EIT phenomenon increases, and the intensity of the desired EIT signal increases, and as a result, the oscillation characteristics of the atomic oscillator 10 can be improved.

  The optical component 232 is a neutral density filter (ND filter). As a result, the intensity of the excitation light LL incident on the gas cell 21 can be adjusted (decreased). Therefore, even when the output of the light source 22 is large, the excitation light incident on the gas cell 21 can be set to a desired light amount. In the present embodiment, the optical component 232 adjusts the intensity of the excitation light LL having polarized light in a predetermined direction that has passed through the optical component 231 described above.

  In addition to the wave plate and the neutral density filter, other optical components such as a lens and a polarizing plate may be disposed between the light source 22 and the gas cell 21. Further, depending on the intensity of the excitation light from the light source 22, the optical component 232 can be omitted.

[Photodetection section]
The light detection unit 24 has a function of detecting the intensity of the excitation light LL (resonance light 1 and resonance light 2) transmitted through the gas cell 21. In the present embodiment, the light detection unit 24 is bonded to the connection member 29 via the adhesive 30. Here, as the adhesive 30, a known adhesive can be used. The light detector 24 is not particularly limited as long as it can detect the excitation light as described above. For example, a photodetector (light receiving element) such as a solar cell or a photodiode can be used.

[heater]
A heater 75 (not shown in FIG. 1) shown in FIG. 2 is a heating resistor (heat generating portion) that generates heat when energized. Heat from the heater 75 is transmitted to the gas cell 21 through the connection member 29. Thereby, the gas cell 21 (more specifically, the alkali metal in the gas cell 21) is heated, and the alkali metal in the gas cell 21 can be maintained in a gaseous state. A Peltier element may be used instead of the heater 75 or in combination with the heater 75. In this case, the portion on the heat generating side of the Peltier element constitutes a heat generating portion.

[Temperature sensor]
A temperature sensor 76 (not shown in FIG. 1) shown in FIG. 2 detects the temperature of the heater 75 or the gas cell 21. Based on the detection result of the temperature sensor 76, the amount of heat generated by the heater 75 is controlled. Thereby, the alkali metal atom in the gas cell 21 can be maintained at a desired temperature. The temperature sensor 76 may be on the connection member 29, the heater 75, or the outer surface of the gas cell 21. The temperature sensor 76 is not particularly limited, and various known temperature sensors such as a thermistor and a thermocouple can be used.

[coil]
A coil 77 (not shown in FIG. 1) shown in FIG. 2 has a function of generating a magnetic field when energized. Thereby, by applying a magnetic field to the alkali metal in the gas cell 21, the gap between different energy levels in which the alkali metal is degenerated can be expanded by Zeeman splitting, and the resolution can be improved. As a result, the accuracy of the oscillation frequency of the atomic oscillator 10 can be increased.

  The magnetic field generated by the coil 77 may be either a DC magnetic field or an AC magnetic field, or may be a magnetic field in which a DC magnetic field and an AC magnetic field are superimposed. The coil 77 may be a solenoid coil provided so as to surround the gas cell 21 or a Helmholtz coil provided so as to sandwich the gas cell 21. Although not shown, the coil 77 may be installed between the gas cell 21 and the connection member 29, or between the connection member 29 and the gas cell-side magnetic shield 3.

[Connecting member]
The connection member 29 is thermally connected to the window portions 212 and 213 of the gas cell 21. As a result, heat from the heater 25 (not shown) can be transmitted to the window portions 212 and 213 by heat conduction through the connecting member 29, and the window portions 212 and 213 can be heated. The connection member 29 is provided so as to cover the gas cell 21 and is in contact with the heat transfer layers 214 and 215. In addition, openings 27 and 28 are formed in the connection member 29 so as to avoid the passage region of the excitation light LL. The opening 27 is disposed on the light emitting unit 6 side and is provided with the optical components 231 and 232 described above. Further, the opening 28 is disposed on the light detection unit 24 side. As a result, the excitation light can be incident on the gas cell 21 and the excitation light can be emitted from the gas cell 21. The connection member 29 is connected to the gas cell side magnetic shield 3. As a constituent material of the connection member 29, a material excellent in thermal conductivity, for example, a metal material can be used.

[Gas cell side magnetic shielding part]
The gas cell-side magnetic shielding part 3 houses the unit part 8 and has a function of shielding magnetism from the outside with respect to the unit part 8. The gas cell-side magnetic shield 3 includes a plate-like base 3b and a bottomed cylindrical lid 3a, and the opening of the lid 3a is sealed by the base 3b. Thereby, a space for storing the unit portion 8 and the like is formed. In the gas cell-side magnetic shielding part 3, the connection member 29 constituting the unit part 8 is connected to the inner surface of the base part 3 b, and the outer surface of the base part 3 b is connected to the substrate 31.

  A through hole 38 is provided at a position facing the opening 27 formed in the connecting member 29 of the lid 3a, that is, at a position where excitation light passes. The through hole 38 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can transmit excitation light. For example, transparent glass, transparent quartz glass, transparent crystal, or the like may be airtightly joined. Thus, the through-hole 38 is airtightly joined, so that the gas cell side magnetic shield 3 can be made an airtight space.

  In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted in FIG. 1, the coil 77 etc. which are shown in FIG. In addition, the gas cell-side magnetic shield 3 may contain components other than the components described above. Although not shown, the base portion 3b is provided with a plurality of wirings for energizing the unit portion 8 from the outside of the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 and the like.

  As a constituent material of the lid 3a and the base 3b, it is only necessary to have a magnetic shielding effect. For example, iron (Fe), various Fe alloys (silicon iron, permalloy, supermalloy, amorphous, sendust), copper (Cu ), And soft magnetic materials such as copper alloys are preferred. By using such a material for the lid 3a and the base 3b, the magnetism from the outside (change in the magnetic field) can be shielded by the gas cell-side magnetic shield 3. Thereby, the influence on the metal atoms in the gas cell 21 due to external magnetism (change in magnetic field) can be suppressed, and the oscillation characteristics of the atomic oscillator 10 can be stabilized.

  The lid 3a is joined to the base 3b, and the opening of the lid 3a is sealed by the base 3b. A method for joining the base 3b and the lid 3a is not particularly limited, and for example, brazing, seam welding, energy beam welding (laser welding, electron beam welding, etc.), and the like can be used. A joining member for joining these may be interposed between the base 3b and the lid 3a.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the base 3b and the cover 3a are airtightly joined. That is, it is preferable that the inside of the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 is an airtight space. Thereby, the inside of the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 can be made into a pressure-reduced state or an inert gas enclosure state, and as a result, the characteristic of the atomic oscillator 10 can be improved. In particular, the inside of the gas cell side magnetic shield 3 is preferably in a reduced pressure state. Thereby, the heat transfer through the space in the gas cell side magnetic shield 3 can be suppressed. Therefore, thermal interference between the connection member 29 and the outside of the gas cell side magnetic shield 3 or between the heater 75 and the gas cell 21 through the space in the gas cell side magnetic shield 3 can be suppressed. Therefore, the heat of the heater 75 can be efficiently transmitted to the window portions 212 and 213 via the connection member 29, and the temperature difference between the two window portions 212 and 213 can be suppressed. Moreover, the heat transfer between the unit portion 8 and the outside of the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 can be more effectively suppressed.

[Outside magnetic shield]
The outer magnetic shielding unit 5 houses the gas cell side magnetic shielding unit 3 and has a function of shielding the magnetism from the outside to the unit unit 8 together with the gas cell side magnetic shielding unit 3. The outer magnetic shield 5 includes a bottom 52 and a lid 51, and the opening of the lid 51 is sealed by the substrate 31. Thereby, the space which accommodates the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 is formed.

  In the lid portion 51, a through hole 53 is provided at a position facing the through hole 38 provided in the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3, that is, at a position where excitation light passes. The through hole 53 may be a through hole, or a material that can transmit excitation light, such as transparent glass, transparent quartz glass, or transparent crystal, may be joined. The lid 51 is bonded to the substrate 31 and the opening of the lid 51 is sealed. As a method for joining the substrate 31 and the lid 51, for example, a resin adhesive, brazing, seam welding, energy beam welding (laser welding, electron beam welding, etc.) or the like can be used. In addition, between the board | substrate 31 and the cover part 51, the joining member for joining these may intervene.

  The bottom portion 52 is connected to the back surface of the substrate 31 opposite to the surface to which the lid portion 51 is connected. That is, the bottom portion 52 is disposed so as to face the base portion 3b of the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 with the substrate 31 interposed therebetween, and further to a position facing a light emitting portion 6 described later. As shown in FIG. 1B, the bottom 52 has a rectangular shape and is provided such that a dimension L2 in the longitudinal direction (optical axis R direction) is longer than a dimension L1 in the width direction. The bottom 52 has a function as a reinforcing plate for the substrate 31 in addition to a function as a magnetic shielding plate. As described above, by increasing the length L2 in the longitudinal direction (optical axis R direction), the strength of the substrate 31 in the direction in which the gas cell 21 and the light emitting portion 6 are connected can be increased. The shift of the optical axis R between the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 due to deformation can be suppressed.

  Further, since the outer magnetic shielding part 5 is configured such that the bottom part 52 is connected so as to face the base 3b of the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 with the substrate 31 interposed therebetween, the following advantages are obtained. In this configuration, the optical axis alignment of the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 arranged on the substrate 31 with the gas cell side magnetic shield 3 interposed therebetween is performed, and after the optical axis is aligned, the bottom 52 is sandwiched with the substrate 31 interposed therebetween. Can be connected. As described above, even in the so-called horizontal arrangement in which the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 are arranged side by side on the one surface of the substrate 31, the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 and the outer magnetic shielding portion 5 are doubled. It becomes possible to easily align the optical axes of the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 while having the magnetic shielding part.

  The constituent material of the lid portion 51 and the bottom portion 52 may have a magnetic shielding effect. For example, iron (Fe), various Fe alloys (silicon iron, permalloy, supermalloy, amorphous, sendust), copper (Cu ), And soft magnetic materials such as copper alloys are preferred. By using such a material for the lid portion 51 and the bottom portion 52, it is possible to shield the external magnetism (change in the magnetic field) by the outer magnetic shielding portion 5. In addition, since the outer magnetic shielding part 5 is a double magnetic shielding part provided with the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 across the air layer and the layer having a low relative permeability of the substrate 31, the magnetic field from the outside is provided. The influence on the metal atoms in the gas cell 21 due to (change in magnetic field) can be further suppressed.

[substrate]
On one surface of the substrate 31, as described above, the gas cell side magnetic shield 3 containing the unit portion 8 (gas cell 21), the lid 51 of the outer magnetic shield 5 covering the gas cell side magnetic shield 3, and the excitation The light emission part 6 which has the light source 22 which inject | emits light is connected. In other words, between the gas cell 21 and the light emitting part 6 having the light source 22 arranged side by side with the gas cell 21, two of the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 and the lid part 51 of the outer magnetic shielding part 5 are provided. A magnetic shield is provided. That is, the gas cell 21, the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3, the lid part 51 of the outer magnetic shielding part 5, and the light emitting part 6 are arranged along the optical axis R of the excitation light. Further, a bottom portion 52 constituting the outer magnetic shielding portion 5 is connected to the back surface of one surface of the substrate 31.

  As described above, the double magnetic shielding portion of the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 and the outer magnetic shielding portion 5 is provided between the gas cell 21 arranged side by side on the one surface of the substrate 31 and the light source 22. It is possible to suppress the influence of the magnetism on the metal atoms in the gas cell 21 and stabilize the oscillation characteristics.

  Although it does not specifically limit as a constituent material of the board | substrate 31, For example, a resin material, a ceramic material, etc. can be used. Although not shown, the substrate 31 is provided with a plurality of wirings and a plurality of terminals for energizing the unit portion 8 (gas cell 21) or the light emitting portion 6 from the outside.

[Control unit]
2 has a function of controlling the heater 75, the coil 77, and the light source 22, respectively. Such a control unit 7 applies the excitation light control unit 71 that controls the frequencies of the resonance lights 1 and 2 of the light source 22, the temperature control unit 72 that controls the temperature of the alkali metal in the gas cell 21, and the gas cell 21. A magnetic field control unit 73 for controlling the magnetic field.

  The excitation light control unit 71 controls the frequencies of the resonance light 1 and the resonance light 2 emitted from the light source 22 based on the detection result of the light detection unit 24 described above. More specifically, the excitation light control unit 71 uses the resonance light emitted from the light source 22 so that (ω1−ω2) detected by the light detection unit 24 described above becomes the frequency ω0 specific to the alkali metal described above. 1. Control the frequency of the resonant light 2. Further, the excitation light control unit 71 controls the center frequencies of the resonance light 1 and the resonance light 2 emitted from the light source 22. Thereby, the EIT signal as described above can be detected. The control unit 7 outputs a crystal oscillator signal (not shown) in synchronization with the EIT signal.

  The temperature control unit 72 controls energization of the heater 75 based on the detection result of the temperature sensor 76. Thereby, the gas cell 21 can be maintained within a desired temperature range. The magnetic field control unit 73 controls energization of the coil 77 so that the magnetic field generated by the coil 77 is constant.

  Such a control unit 7 is provided, for example, in an electronic circuit device (for example, a semiconductor device) mounted on a mounting substrate on which the atomic oscillator 10 is mounted. The control unit 7 may be provided in the outer magnetic shielding unit 5 or the gas cell side magnetic shielding unit 3.

  According to the atomic oscillator 10 of the present embodiment as described above, the gas cell side magnetic shielding unit 3 and the outer magnetic shielding unit 5 are disposed between the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 arranged side by side on the one surface of the substrate 31. By providing the heavy magnetic shielding portion, it is possible to suppress the influence of the magnetism on the metal atoms in the gas cell 21 and stabilize the oscillation characteristics. Further, the bottom 52 is connected to face the base 3 b of the gas cell side magnetic shield 3 with the substrate 31 in between. With this configuration, the optical axis of the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 arranged on the substrate 31 with the gas cell-side magnetic shield 3 interposed therebetween is aligned, and after the optical axis is aligned, the bottom 52 is sandwiched with the substrate 31 in between. Can be connected. As described above, even in the so-called horizontal arrangement in which the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 are arranged side by side on the one surface of the substrate 31, the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 and the outer magnetic shielding portion 5 are doubled. It becomes possible to easily align the optical axes of the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 while having the magnetic shielding part. That is, it is possible to provide the atomic oscillator 10 that can suppress the influence of magnetism on the gas cell while reducing the size.

Second Embodiment
Next, an atomic oscillator according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5A and 5B schematically show an atomic oscillator according to the second embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 5A is a front sectional view and FIG. 5B is a plan view of a BB section of FIG.

  The atomic oscillator 10a according to the second embodiment is the same as the atomic oscillator 10 according to the first embodiment described above, except that the arrangement of the outer magnetic shield 5 is different. In the following description, the atomic oscillator 10a of the second embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment, and the same reference numerals will be given to the same matters, and the description thereof will be omitted.

  An atomic oscillator 10a shown in FIG. 5 includes a unit portion 8 that constitutes a main portion that causes a quantum interference effect, a gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 that houses the unit portion 8 and shields magnetism from the outside, and a gas cell side magnetism. An outer magnetic shielding part 5 a including a cover part 51 including the shielding part 3 and a bottom part 52, and a light emitting part 6 including a light source 22 are provided. Here, the unit part 8 includes a gas cell 21, optical components 231, 232, a light detection part 24, and a connection member 29, which are unitized. In addition to the above, the atomic oscillator 10a includes a heater, a temperature sensor, a coil, and a control unit (not shown), but a description thereof is omitted.

  Hereinafter, the outer magnetic shielding part 5a different from the first embodiment will be described. Similar to the first embodiment, the outer magnetic shield 5a houses the gas cell-side magnetic shield 3 and has a function of shielding magnetism from the outside with respect to the unit 8 together with the gas cell-side magnetic shield 3. The outer magnetic shield 5a includes a bottom 52a and a lid 51, and the opening of the lid 51 is sealed by the bottom 52a. Thereby, the space which accommodates the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 is formed. The constituent material of the lid portion 51 and the bottom portion 52a may have a magnetic shielding effect. For example, iron (Fe), various Fe alloys (silicon iron, permalloy, supermalloy, amorphous, sendust), copper (Cu ), And soft magnetic materials such as copper alloys are preferred. By using such a material for the lid portion 51 and the bottom portion 52a, it is possible to shield the external magnetism (change of the magnetic field) by the outer magnetic shielding portion 5.

  In the lid portion 51, a through hole 53 is provided at a position facing the through hole 38 provided in the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3, that is, at a position where excitation light passes. The through hole 53 may be a through hole, or a material that can transmit excitation light, such as transparent glass, transparent quartz glass, or transparent crystal, may be joined. The lid 51 is joined to the bottom 52a, and the opening of the lid 51 is sealed. As a method for joining the bottom portion 52a and the lid portion 51, for example, resin adhesive, brazing, seam welding, energy beam welding (laser welding, electron beam welding, etc.) or the like can be used. In addition, between the bottom part 52a and the cover part 51, the joining member for joining these may intervene.

  The bottom portion 52a is disposed so as to face the base portion 3b of the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 and further to a position facing the light emitting portion 6. It is connected to one surface of the substrate 31. As shown in FIG. 5B, the bottom portion 52a has a rectangular shape, and is provided such that the dimension L2 in the longitudinal direction (optical axis R direction) is longer than the dimension L1 in the width direction. The bottom 52a has a function as a reinforcing plate for the substrate 31 in addition to a function as a magnetic shielding plate. As described above, by increasing the length L2 in the longitudinal direction (optical axis R direction), the strength of the substrate 31 in the direction (optical axis R direction) in which the gas cell 21 and the light emitting portion 6 are connected is increased. Thus, it is possible to suppress the deviation of the optical axis R between the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 due to the deformation of the substrate 31.

  And the light emission part 6 and the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 are connected to the upper surface of the bottom part 52a which is a surface on the opposite side to the surface connected to the board | substrate 31. FIG. The gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 (base part 3b) is connected to the upper surface of the bottom part 52a through the connection member 55 so as to form a space between the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 (base part 3b) and the bottom part 52a. As described above, the double magnetic shielding portion having a configuration in which the bottom portion 52a of the outer magnetic shielding portion 5 is opposed to the base portion 3b of the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 with the air layer (space) having a low relative permeability of the substrate 31 interposed therebetween. Therefore, the influence on the metal atoms in the gas cell 21 due to external magnetism (change in magnetic field) can be further suppressed.

  According to the atomic oscillator 10a of the second embodiment as described above, the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 arranged side by side on the upper surface of the bottom 52a constituting the outer magnetic shield 5a connected to one surface of the substrate 31. Since the double magnetic shielding part of the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 and the outer magnetic shielding part 5a is provided between them, the influence of the magnetism on the metal atoms in the gas cell 21 is suppressed, and the oscillation characteristics are stabilized. Can be achieved. Thus, providing a small atomic oscillator 10a in which the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 are arranged side by side on one surface of the bottom 31a (substrate 31) while suppressing variation in characteristics due to fluctuations in the magnetic field from the outside. Is possible.

<Third Embodiment>
Next, an atomic oscillator according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 6A and 6B schematically illustrate an atomic oscillator according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 6A is a front sectional view and FIG. 6B is a plan view of a CC section of FIG.

  The atomic oscillator 10b according to the third embodiment is the same as the atomic oscillator 10 according to the first embodiment described above except that the configuration of the outer magnetic shield 5 is different. In the following description, the atomic oscillator 10b of the third embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first embodiment, and the same reference numerals will be given to the same matters, and the description thereof will be omitted.

  An atomic oscillator 10b shown in FIG. 6 includes a unit part 8 constituting a main part that causes a quantum interference effect, a gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 that houses the unit part 8 and shields magnetism from the outside, and a light source 22. And a light shielding part 51a provided between the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 and the light emitting part 6 and an outer magnetic shielding part 5b including a bottom part 52. The gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3, the light emitting part 6, and the outer magnetic shielding part 5 b are connected to the substrate 31. Here, the unit part 8 includes a gas cell 21, optical components 231, 232, a light detection part 24, and a connection member 29, which are unitized. In addition to the above, the atomic oscillator 10b includes a heater, a temperature sensor, a coil, and a control unit (not shown), but a description thereof is omitted.

  Hereinafter, the outer magnetic shielding part 5b different from the first embodiment will be described. The outer magnetic shielding part 5b has a function of reducing the influence of magnetism from two directions, in particular, magnetism from the light emitting part 6 side and magnetism from the base part 3b side constituting the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3. . The outer magnetic shield 5b includes a bottom 52 and a shield plate 51a.

  The bottom portion 52 is connected to the back surface of the substrate 31 on the opposite side to the surface to which the gas cell side magnetic shield portion 3 and the light emitting portion 6 are connected. That is, the bottom portion 52 is disposed so as to face the base portion 3b of the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 with the substrate 31 interposed therebetween, and further to a position facing a light emitting portion 6 described later. As shown in FIG. 6B, the bottom 52 has a rectangular shape, and has a function as a reinforcing plate for the substrate 31 in addition to a function as a magnetic shielding plate as in the first embodiment. . Thereby, the intensity | strength of the board | substrate 31 of the direction where the gas cell 21 and the light emission part 6 are connected can be raised, and it becomes possible to suppress the shift | offset | difference of the optical axis R of the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 by the deformation | transformation of the board | substrate 31. Become.

  The shielding plate 51 a is disposed between the light emitting unit 6 including the light source 22, the gas cell side magnetic shielding unit 3, and the light emitting unit 6, and is erected on the upper surface of the substrate 31. A through hole 53 is provided at a position of the shielding plate 51 a that faces the through hole 38 provided in the gas cell side magnetic shielding unit 3, that is, at a position where excitation light passes. The through hole 53 may be a through hole, or a material that can transmit excitation light, such as transparent glass, transparent quartz glass, or transparent crystal, may be joined.

  As a constituent material of the shielding plate 51a and the bottom 52, it is only necessary to have a magnetic shielding effect. For example, iron (Fe), various Fe alloys (silicon iron, permalloy, supermalloy, amorphous, sendust), copper (Cu ), And soft magnetic materials such as copper alloys are preferred. By using such a material for the shielding plate 51 a and the bottom portion 52, magnetism from the outside (change in the magnetic field) can be shielded by the outer magnetic shielding portion 5 including the shielding plate 51 a and the bottom portion 52.

  According to the atomic oscillator 10b of the third embodiment as described above, the gas cell side magnetic shielding unit 3 and the outer magnetic shielding unit 5b are provided between the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 arranged side by side on the upper surface of the substrate 31. By providing the double magnetic shielding portion of the shielding plate 51a to be configured, it is possible to suppress the influence of the magnetism from the light source 22 side on the metal atoms in the gas cell 21 and stabilize the oscillation characteristics. It becomes. Further, the bottom 52 constituting the outer magnetic shield 5b is connected to face the base 3b of the gas cell side magnetic shield 3 with the substrate 31 in between. With this configuration, the optical axis alignment of the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 disposed on the substrate 31 with the gas cell side magnetic shield 3 interposed therebetween and the connection between the substrate 31 and the bottom 52 can be connected separately. . Thus, even in the so-called horizontal arrangement in which the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 are arranged side by side on the one surface of the substrate 31, the base 3 b and the outer magnetic field of the gas cell side magnetic shielding unit 3 are formed on the substrate 31 side. While having the double magnetic shielding part of the bottom part 52 of the shielding part 5b, the optical axis alignment of the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 can be easily performed, and the metal atoms in the gas cell 21 by magnetism from the substrate 31 side. It is possible to suppress the influence on the oscillation and stabilize the oscillation characteristics. Therefore, it is possible to provide a small atomic oscillator 10 b in which the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 are arranged side by side on one surface of the substrate 31 while suppressing variation in characteristics due to fluctuations in the magnetic field from the outside.

<Fourth embodiment>
Next, an atomic oscillator according to a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a front sectional view schematically showing an atomic oscillator according to the fourth embodiment of the invention.

  The atomic oscillator 10c according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the atomic oscillator 10a according to the second embodiment described above except that the arrangement of the gas cell-side magnetic shield 3 is different. In the following description, the atomic oscillator 10c of the fourth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the second embodiment, and the same reference numerals will be given to the same matters, and the description thereof will be omitted.

  An atomic oscillator 10c shown in FIG. 7 includes a unit portion 8 that constitutes a main portion that generates a quantum interference effect, a gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 that houses the unit portion 8 and shields magnetism from the outside, and a gas cell side magnetism. A lid 51 containing the shielding part 3, an outer magnetic shielding part 5 c including a bottom part 52 a, and a light emitting part 6 including a light source 22 are provided. Here, the unit part 8 includes a gas cell 21, optical components 231, 232, a light detection part 24, and a connection member 29, which are unitized. In addition to the above, the atomic oscillator 10c includes a heater, a temperature sensor, a coil, and a control unit (not shown), but a description thereof is omitted.

  The outer magnetic shield 5c accommodates the gas cell-side magnetic shield 3 and has a function of shielding magnetism from the outside with respect to the unit 8 together with the gas cell-side magnetic shield 3. The outer magnetic shield 5c includes a bottom 52a and a lid 51, and the opening of the lid 51 is sealed by the bottom 52a. Thereby, the space which accommodates the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 is formed. The constituent material of the lid portion 51 and the bottom portion 52a may have a magnetic shielding effect. For example, iron (Fe), various Fe alloys (silicon iron, permalloy, supermalloy, amorphous, sendust), copper (Cu ), And soft magnetic materials such as copper alloys are preferred. By using such a material for the lid portion 51 and the bottom portion 52a, it is possible to shield the external magnetism (change of the magnetic field) by the outer magnetic shielding portion 5c. In addition, since the structure of the cover part 51 is the same as that of 2nd Embodiment, description is abbreviate | omitted.

  Similarly to the second embodiment, the bottom portion 52a faces the base portion 3b of the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3, and further extends to a position facing the light emitting portion 6. The bottom 52a has a function as a reinforcing plate for the substrate 31 in addition to a function as a magnetic shielding plate. By providing the bottom 52a, the strength of the substrate 31 in the direction in which the gas cell 21 and the light emitting unit 6 are connected (in the optical axis R direction) can be increased, and the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 are deformed by the deformation of the substrate 31. The shift of the optical axis R can be suppressed.

  And the light emission part 6 and the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 are connected to the upper surface of the bottom part 52a which is a surface on the opposite side to the surface connected to the board | substrate 31. FIG. Unlike the second embodiment, the gas cell side magnetic shielding part 3 (base part 3b) is connected with the base part 3b in contact with the upper surface of the bottom part 52a. Also in such a configuration, the configuration other than the base portion 3b, that is, the lid 3a of the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 faces the lid portion 51 of the outer magnetic shielding portion 5c with an air layer (space) having a low relative permeability interposed therebetween. This is a so-called double-structured magnetic shielding part.

  According to the atomic oscillator 10c of the fourth embodiment as described above, the lid 3a of the gas cell side magnetic shield 3 has an air layer (space) having a low relative permeability with the lid 51 of the outer magnetic shield 5c. Since it is a so-called double-structured magnetic shielding portion that is sandwiched and opposed, a gas cell by magnetism (change in magnetic field) from the direction surrounding the lid portion 51 including the side where the light emitting portion 6 is provided. The influence on the metal atoms in 21 can be further suppressed. As described above, there is provided a small atomic oscillator 10c in which the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 are arranged side by side on one surface of the bottom portion 52a (substrate 31) while suppressing characteristic variations due to fluctuations in the magnetic field from the outside. Is possible.

(Modification)
Next, a modification for suppressing the deformation of the substrate 31 in the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 8A and 8B schematically show an atomic oscillator according to a modification of the present invention. FIG. 8A is a front sectional view, and FIG. 8B is a side view seen from the direction of arrow D in FIG. Note that this modification has the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment except that the configuration of the substrate 31 is different. In the following description, the configuration of the second embodiment described above is used, and the same reference numerals are given to the same configuration, and the description is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the modified atomic oscillator 10d includes a unit portion 8, a gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 that houses the unit portion 8 and shields magnetism from the outside, and a gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3. The outer magnetic shielding part 5a including the lid part 51 and the bottom part 52a, and the light emitting part 6 including the light source 22 are provided. Here, the unit part 8 includes a gas cell 21, optical components 231, 232, a light detection part 24, and a connection member 29, which are unitized.

  The gas cell-side magnetic shield 3, the lid 51 containing the gas cell-side magnetic shield 3, the outer magnetic shield 5 a including the bottom 52 a, and the light emitting unit 6 including the light source 22 are connected to the substrate 31. Yes. The substrate 31 is provided with two reinforcing portions 41 and 42 arranged along the optical axis R direction of the excitation light, that is, the direction in which the light emitting portion 6 and the gas cell 21 are arranged. As a constituent material of the reinforcing portions 41 and 42, it is only necessary to have rigidity for suppressing the deformation of the substrate 31. For example, a metal iron material such as iron, iron alloy, or copper, or a resin material such as plastic is used. Is preferred. In the present example, the two reinforcing portions 41 and 42 are provided in the vicinity of the respective ends in the width direction of the substrate 31. However, the number and arrangement positions of the reinforcing portions are limited to this. It is not something.

  According to the atomic oscillator 10 d in which the reinforcing portions 41 and 42 are provided on the substrate 31, the deformation of the substrate 31 can be suppressed, so that the gas cell 21 and the light source 22 are arranged on one surface of the substrate 31. Even in the so-called horizontal arrangement, it is possible to prevent the deviation of the optical axis R due to deformation of the substrate 31, and to stabilize the oscillation characteristics. In addition, in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, the gas cell 21 and the light source are provided on the substrate 31 side while having a double magnetic shielding portion of the base portion 3b of the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion 3 and the bottom portion 52a of the outer magnetic shielding portion 5a. 22 can be easily aligned, and the influence of magnetism from the substrate 31 side on the metal atoms in the gas cell 21 can be suppressed to stabilize the oscillation characteristics.

(2) Electronic Device The atomic oscillator of the present invention as described above can be incorporated into various electronic devices. Such an electronic device including the atomic oscillator of the present invention has excellent reliability. Hereinafter, an example of an electronic apparatus including the atomic oscillator of the present invention will be described. In the following description, an example using the atomic oscillator 10 of the first embodiment will be described.

  First, a positioning system using a GPS satellite using the atomic oscillator according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration when the atomic oscillator according to the present invention is used in a positioning system using a GPS satellite.

  The positioning system 100 shown in FIG. 9 includes a GPS satellite 200, a base station device 300, and a GPS receiving device 400. The GPS satellite 200 transmits positioning information (GPS signal). The base station device 300 receives the positioning information from the GPS satellite 200 with high accuracy via, for example, an antenna 301 installed at an electronic reference point (GPS continuous observation station), and the reception device 302 receives the positioning information. And a transmission device 304 that transmits positioning information via the antenna 303.

  Here, the receiving device 302 is an electronic device including the atomic oscillator 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention described above as the reference frequency oscillation source. Such a receiving apparatus 302 has excellent reliability. In addition, the positioning information received by the receiving device 302 is transmitted by the transmitting device 304 in real time. The GPS receiver 400 includes a satellite receiver 402 that receives positioning information from the GPS satellite 200 via the antenna 401, and a base station receiver 404 that receives positioning information from the base station device 300 via the antenna 403. Prepare.

  Next, a clock transmission system using the atomic oscillator according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a clock transmission system using the atomic oscillator according to the present invention.

  A clock transmission system 500 shown in FIG. 10 is a system that matches clocks of respective devices in a time division multiplexing network and has a redundant configuration of N (Normal) and E (Emergency) systems.

  The clock transmission system 500 includes a clock supply device (CSM: Clock Supply Module) 501 and an SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) device 502 of station A (upper (N system)), and a clock of station B (upper (E system)). A supply device 503 and an SDH device 504, and a clock supply device 505 and SDH devices 506 and 507 of a station C (lower level) are provided. The clock supply device 501 includes the atomic oscillator 10 and generates an N-system clock signal. The atomic oscillator 10 in the clock supply device 501 generates a clock signal in synchronism with a more accurate clock signal from master clocks 508 and 509 including an atomic oscillator using cesium.

  The SDH device 502 transmits and receives the main signal based on the clock signal from the clock supply device 501, superimposes the N-system clock signal on the main signal, and transmits it to the lower clock supply device 505. The clock supply device 503 includes the atomic oscillator 10 and generates an E-system clock signal. The atomic oscillator 10 in the clock supply device 503 generates a clock signal in synchronism with a more accurate clock signal from master clocks 508 and 509 including an atomic oscillator using cesium.

  The SDH device 504 transmits and receives the main signal based on the clock signal from the clock supply device 503, superimposes the E-system clock signal on the main signal, and transmits it to the lower clock supply device 505. The clock supply device 505 receives the clock signal from the clock supply devices 501 and 503 and generates a clock signal in synchronization with the received clock signal.

  Here, the clock supply device 505 normally generates a clock signal in synchronization with the N-system clock signal from the clock supply device 501. When an abnormality occurs in the N system, the clock supply device 505 generates a clock signal in synchronization with the E system clock signal from the clock supply device 503. By switching from the N system to the E system in this way, stable clock supply can be ensured and the reliability of the clock path network can be improved. The SDH device 506 transmits and receives the main signal based on the clock signal from the clock supply device 505. Similarly, the SDH device 507 transmits and receives the main signal based on the clock signal from the clock supply device 505. As a result, the C station apparatus can be synchronized with the A station or B station apparatus.

(3) Mobile Object The atomic oscillator according to the present invention as described above can be incorporated into various mobile objects. Such a moving body including the atomic oscillator of the present invention has excellent reliability. In the following description, an example using the atomic oscillator 10 of the first embodiment will be described.

  Hereinafter, an example of the moving body according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a moving object (automobile) including the atomic oscillator according to the present invention.

  A moving body 1500 shown in FIG. 11 has a vehicle body 1501 and four wheels 1502, and is configured to rotate the wheels 1502 by a power source (not shown) provided in the vehicle body 1501. In such a moving body 1500, the atomic oscillator 10 is built. Based on the oscillation signal from the atomic oscillator 10, for example, a control unit (not shown) controls driving of the power source.

  Note that the electronic device or the moving body in which the atomic oscillator of the present invention is incorporated is not limited to the above-described one, and for example, a mobile phone, a digital still camera, an ink jet type ejection device (for example, an ink jet printer), a personal computer (a mobile personal computer) , Laptop personal computer), TV, video camera, video tape recorder, car navigation device, pager, electronic organizer (including communication function), electronic dictionary, calculator, electronic game device, word processor, workstation, video phone, TV monitor for crime prevention, electronic binoculars, POS terminal, medical equipment (for example, electronic thermometer, blood pressure monitor, blood glucose meter, electrocardiogram measuring device, ultrasonic diagnostic device, electronic endoscope), fish detector, various measuring devices, instruments ( For example, Two, aircraft, gauges of a ship), can be applied to a flight simulator or the like.

  As described above, the quantum interference device, the atomic oscillator, and the moving body of the present invention have been described based on the illustrated embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these, for example, the configuration of each part of the above-described embodiments. Can be replaced with any configuration that exhibits the same function, and any configuration can be added. Moreover, you may make it this invention combine arbitrary structures of each embodiment mentioned above.

  3 ... Gas cell side magnetic shielding part, 3a ... Lid, 3b ... Base part, 5, 5a, 5b, 5c ... Outer magnetic shielding part, 6 ... Light emission part, 8 ... Unit part 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Atomic oscillator, 21 ... Gas cell, 22 ... Light source, 24 ... Light detection part, 27, 28 ... Opening part, 29 ... Connection member, 30 ... Adhesive, 31 ... Board | substrate, 33, 34 ... A pair of cover part, 35 ... Through hole, 36, 37 ... main body, 38 ... through hole, 51 ... lid, 51a ... shielding plate, 52, 52a ... bottom, 53 ... through hole, 71 ... excitation light controller, 72 ... temperature controller, 73 ... Magnetic field control unit, 75 ... Heater, 76 ... Temperature sensor, 77 ... Coil, 100 ... Positioning system, 200 ... GPS satellite, 211 ... Main body part, 212 ... Window part, 213 ... Window part, 214 ... Heat transfer layer, 215 ... Heat transfer layer, 231 ... Optical component, 232 ... Optical component DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 300 ... Base station apparatus, 301 ... Antenna, 302 ... Receiver, 303 ... Antenna, 304 ... Transmitter, 400 ... GPS receiver, 401 ... Antenna, 402 ... Satellite receiver, 403 ... Antenna, 404 ... Base station receiver , 500 ... Clock transmission system, 501 ... Clock supply device, 502 ... SDH device, 503 ... Clock supply device, 504 ... SDH device, 505 ... Clock supply device, 506 ... SDH device, 507 ... SDH device, 508, 509 ... Master Clock 1500, moving body 1501, vehicle body, 1502 wheels, LL excitation light, S internal space, R optical axis.

Claims (6)

A gas cell in which metal atoms are enclosed;
A light source arranged side by side with the gas cell and emitting excitation light to the metal atoms;
A gas cell-side magnetic shield disposed outside the gas cell;
An atomic oscillator comprising: the gas cell; and an outer magnetic shielding portion disposed with the gas cell-side magnetic shielding portion interposed therebetween. The atomic oscillator according to claim 1,
A substrate on which the gas cell and the light source are mounted;
The outer magnetic shielding part includes a bottom part and a lid part,
The lid part includes the gas cell side magnetic shielding part,
The atomic oscillator, wherein the bottom portion sandwiches the substrate between the gas cell side magnetic shielding portion. The atomic oscillator according to claim 2, wherein
In the atomic oscillator, the bottom portion has a length in the optical axis direction of the excitation light longer than a length in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction in plan view. The atomic oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
An atomic oscillator using a quantum interference effect system using two lights having different wavelengths emitted from the light source.   An electronic apparatus comprising the atomic oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   A moving body comprising the atomic oscillator according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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