CN114122888A - Frequency-tunable and transportable frequency-stabilized laser system for optical clock - Google Patents
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1305—Feedback control systems
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Abstract
The invention provides a frequency tunable and transportable frequency stabilization laser system for an optical clock, wherein laser output from a laser passes through a beam splitter, one part of the laser is output to a magneto-optical trap for cooling atoms, the other part of the laser is input to an optical fiber electro-optic modulator, the modulated laser is output through an optical fiber collimator, the output light passes through a wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism and a quarter wave plate and then is input into an optical reference cavity, a reflected signal of the optical reference cavity passes through the quarter wave plate and the polarization beam splitter prism and then is collected by a detector, the signal is demodulated, an error signal is fed back to the laser through a servo system, and the frequency locking, the line width narrowing and the transportability of the laser are realized; the optical fiber electro-optic modulator loads radio frequency signals and locks laser to a modulation sideband by using a sideband frequency locking technology. The laser frequency tuning device is small in size, easy to carry and capable of achieving large-range tuning of laser frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser, and particularly relates to a device for realizing laser line width narrowing and frequency stabilization.
Background
The optical clock has wide application in various technical fields, such as precision measurement of some basic physical quantities, relativistic verification, development of geodesic science promotion, gravitational wave detection, dark matter search, gravitational potential measurement and the like. However, most of the current terrestrial clocks are only suitable for use in a laboratory environment due to their large volume and complicated structure, and it is very necessary to design and develop a portable clock having high stability and uncertainty and being more compact. Compared with a laboratory type optical clock, the portable optical clock has the characteristics of small volume, easiness in operation and high adaptability to external environment, so that frequency comparison among different optical clock systems is not limited by distance any more. Meanwhile, the development of the portable optical clock can provide technical reference and support for the development of the space optical clock.
The light source is a core device in the strontium optical clock system. The 689nm laser used for secondary cooling during closed loop operation of the optical clock system requires a linewidth on the order of less than kHz, and the 698nm laser used for clock transition interrogation requires a linewidth on the order of Hz. To meet such criteria, a common approach is to achieve line width narrowing and frequency stabilization by locking the laser to a highly precise ultrastable optical reference cavity. Therefore, the difficulty of realizing the miniaturization and the portability of 689nm and 698nm frequency stabilization narrow linewidth laser systems is increased, and the method is one of the key problems of researching and developing portable optical clocks and space optical clocks.
The high-precision ultrastable optical reference cavity is a core component of a portable frequency-stabilizing narrow-linewidth cooling laser light source. The linewidth of the laser depends on the linewidth of the cavity, which is determined by the cavity length and finesse. The stability of the laser frequency is determined by the stability of the ultrastable cavity length, which is mainly determined by the temperature sensitivity, brownian thermal noise and vibration sensitivity of the cavity. The ultra-low expansion coefficient glass (ULE) or monocrystalline silicon working at a zero expansion point is used as a material of an optical cavity body in experiments, low-thermal-noise fused quartz glass is used as a material of a cavity mirror to reduce temperature sensitivity and cavity length fluctuation caused by Brownian thermal noise, and the vibration sensitivity of the cavity length is reduced by optimizing the structure and the supporting mode of the optical cavity body. Ultrastable chambers secured to a laboratory typically have reduced sensitivity to vibration of the chamber length by reducing the coupling of the optical chamber to the support frame and selecting the appropriate support position. The unstable resonator of this kind of traditional support mode takes place the dislocation easily in the removal process, leads to the optical cavity to damage, and the portable optical cavity needs fix rigidly on the support frame in order to avoid because the vibration destroys the cavity structure. In addition, for portable clocks or clocks for space applications, the volume of the optical system is also as small as possible, so the volume of the optical reference chamber needs to be as small as possible to facilitate portability.
Optical reference cavity types currently available for portable laser systems are mainly cubic, rugby ball and cylindrical. An ultrastable laser system is developed based on a 10cm cubic body cavity at the east China university in 2016; an ultrastable laser system is developed in a space optical clock project of the European Union based on a 10cm cylindrical reference cavity, and a vacuum chamber for placing the cavity is 27dm3, which is a transportable laser system with a smaller volume reported at present. However, the volume occupied by a 10cm long optical reference chamber is still large for a portable system or space clock. The smaller the volume is, the better the performance is, because the smaller the cavity is, the smaller the volume of the vacuum chamber for placing the cavity is, the smaller the required ion pump is, and the whole volume can be greatly reduced.
In addition, for the strontium optical clock, the system needs laser with different frequencies, and the laser is generally subjected to frequency shift by an acousto-optic modulator, but the use of the acousto-optic modulator makes the system large in size, the laser frequency cannot be tuned in a wide range, the laser loss is increased, and the system is further complicated by amplifying the laser power by an injection locking mode. It is critical for an optical clock to obtain a laser with a widely tunable frequency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a frequency-tunable and transportable frequency-stabilized laser system for an optical clock, wherein an optical reference cavity adopts a cubic structure, and has a long cavity end, a small volume and easy transportation; in addition, the invention utilizes the optical fiber electro-optic modulator with compact structure to realize the large-range tuning of the laser frequency based on the sideband frequency locking.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a frequency-tunable and portable frequency-stabilized laser system for an optical clock comprises a laser, a beam splitter, a magneto-optical trap, an optical fiber electro-optic modulator, an optical fiber collimator, a polarization beam splitter prism, a detector and an optical reference cavity.
Laser output from a laser passes through a beam splitter, one part of the laser is output to a magneto-optical trap for cooling atoms, the other part of the laser is input to an optical fiber electro-optic modulator, the modulated laser is output through an optical fiber collimator, output light passes through a wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism and a quarter wave plate and then is input into an optical reference cavity, a reflected signal of the optical reference cavity passes through the quarter wave plate and the polarization beam splitter prism and then is collected by a detector, the signal is demodulated, an error signal is fed back to the laser through a servo system, and frequency locking, line width narrowing and carrying of the laser are achieved; the cavity of the optical reference cavity is of a cubic structure, the cavity mirror comprises a plane mirror and a plane concave mirror, the plane mirror and the plane concave mirror are respectively arranged on two opposite end surfaces of the cavity, the plane mirror is a light incident end, and the plane concave mirror is a light emergent end; the optical fiber electro-optic modulator loads radio frequency signals and locks laser to a modulation sideband by using a sideband frequency locking technology.
The light transmitted by the optical reference cavity is respectively input to the other detector and the camera through the beam splitter, and the light guide mirror in front of the cavity is adjusted by observing the output signal of the other detector, so that the cavity mode matching is optimal; the camera is connected to a computer, and is used for observing the mode of transmitted light and ensuring that the matched mode is a cavity base mode.
The laser light output from the laser passes through a beam splitter where 95% of the light is output to a magneto-optical trap for cooling atoms and 5% of the light is input to a fiber optic electro-optic modulator for locking of the laser light.
The cavity length of cavity is 25mm, and the diameter of level crossing and planoconcave is 12.7mm, and thickness is 4mm, the radius of curvature of planoconcave is 500 mm.
8 apex angles of the cavity are cut off to present an equilateral triangle plane.
When the cutting depth of the apex angle is 3 +/-0.1 mm, the vibration sensitivity is less than 2.5 multiplied by 10-12The/g can meet the requirement of portability on the basis of narrowing the line width.
The cavity is made of glass with ultralow expansion coefficient, and the cavity mirror is made of fused quartz.
And vent holes are formed in the four end faces of the cavity body, which are not provided with the cavity mirror.
The incident surface of the plane mirror is plated with an antireflection film, the emergent surface of the plane mirror is plated with a high-reflection film, and the transmittance of the cavity mirror is less than 6.5 ppm.
The concave surface of the plano-concave mirror is plated with a high reflection film, the plane is plated with an antireflection film, and the transmittance of the cavity mirror is less than 6.5 ppm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with an ultrastable cavity used by a common optical clock, the invention adopts the cubic cavity with long cavity and low sensitivity, overcomes the defects of large volume and difficulty in carrying of an optical reference cavity in an optical path system, realizes large-range tunability of laser frequency by utilizing a sideband frequency locking technology, can be widely applied to various neutral atomic optical clocks, and improves the flexibility and the portability of an optical clock system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cubic reference chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-plane mirror, 2-plano-concave mirror, 3-cubic cavity, 4-laser, 5-fiber beam splitter, 6-magnetic light trap, 7-fiber electro-optic modulator 7(EOM), 8-collimator, 9-half wave plate, 10-polarization beam splitter prism, 11-detector, 12-light guide mirror, 13-light guide mirror, 14-quarter wave plate, 15-high fineness transportable cubic cavity, 16-beam splitter, 17-detector, 18-camera.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
The invention designs the transportable cube reference cavity with higher fineness and lower sensitivity. As shown in figure 1, the cavity length of the cubic cavity 3 is designed to be 25mm, the cavity mirror is composed of a flat mirror 1 and a flat concave mirror 2, and the diameter and the thickness of the cavity mirror are 12.7mm and 4mm respectively. The plane mirror 1 is an incident end, and the planoconcave mirror 2 is an emergent end. The incident surface of the plane mirror 1 is plated with an antireflection film, the emergent surface is plated with a high-reflection film, and the transmittance of the cavity mirror is less than 6.5 ppm. The curvature radius of the planoconcave mirror 2 is 500mm, the concave surface is plated with a high reflection film, the plane is plated with an antireflection film, and the transmittance of the cavity mirror is less than 6.5 ppm. When the loss in the chamber is less than 18ppm, the fineness of the chamber is higher than 200000. The cavity material is ultra-low expansion coefficient glass, and the cavity mirror material is fused quartz, so that the cavity mirror can be made of ultra-low expansion coefficient glassThe cavity length fluctuation caused by temperature sensitivity and Brownian thermal noise can be reduced. In order to ensure the structural symmetry of the cubic cavity, vent holes with the diameter of 5mm are reserved in two directions which are mutually perpendicular to the light through holes, and the diameter of the light through holes is 5 mm. The 8 apex angles of the cubic body cavity were cut away to present an equilateral triangular plane. Four opposite vertex angles on the cube are selected and distributed in a tetrahedron, a conical hole is dug in the center of a cutting surface, and a cavity of the cube is fixed by using screws. Because the vibration sensitivity of the cubic body cavity is related to the cutting depth of the apex angle, the vibration sensitivity of the cubic body cavity is subjected to simulation analysis along with the change of the cutting depth by a finite element analysis method. In the analysis process, 1g of acceleration is applied to the cubic body cavity in the vertical direction, the extrusion force of four supporting points is 100N, and the analysis result shows that when the apical angle cutting depth of the cubic body cavity is 3 +/-0.1 mm, the vibration sensitivity of the cubic body cavity is less than 2.5 multiplied by 10-12The/g can meet the requirement of portability on the basis of narrowing the line width.
The invention realizes the large-range tuning of frequency by utilizing the sideband frequency locking technology. Since the free spectral range of a 25mm cubic cavity is 6GHz, the laser needs to be frequency shifted by an amount above GHz for the capture or detection of strontium atoms. The frequency shift of the laser can be completed by an acousto-optic modulator, the frequency shift needs to be carried out for many times by depending on the acousto-optic modulator with low frequency (<350MHz), the laser loss is large, and the acousto-optic modulation with high frequency is expensive and is not the best choice. Therefore, the invention adopts the optical fiber electro-optic modulator 7 (shown in figure 2) with the modulation frequency of 0-3GHz to modulate the laser, and locks the modulation sideband of the laser on the high-fineness transportable cubic cavity 15 by utilizing the sideband frequency locking technology to realize the frequency stability, the line width narrowing and the frequency large-range tuning of the laser.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention locks laser on the high-fineness ultrastable cavity, and realizes frequency locking and line width narrowing. Laser output from the laser 4 passes through the beam splitter 5, wherein 95% of light is output to the magneto-optical trap 6 and used for cooling atoms, 5% of light is used for locking and inputting the laser to the optical fiber electro-optic modulator 7 and then is output through the optical fiber collimator 8, the output light passes through the wave plate 9, the polarization beam splitter prism 10, the reflector 12, the reflector 13 and the quarter wave plate 14 and then is input into the high-fineness transportable cubic body cavity 15, the detector 11 detects a cavity reflection signal and demodulates the signal, and an error signal is fed back to the laser 4 through a servo system, so that the frequency locking, the line width pressure narrowing and the transportability of the laser are realized. In addition, when a radio frequency signal is loaded on the optical fiber electro-optic modulator 7, the laser can be modulated, the signal frequency is different, and the modulation sidebands are different. Locking the laser to the modulation sideband using sideband frequency locking techniques can enable wide tuning of the output frequency.
Example 1
For example, in a portable 88Sr atomic optical clock system, a secondary cooling laser temperature is required, with linewidths less than kHz, while being satisfactory for portability. At this point, the laser 4 wavelength is 689nm as shown in FIG. 2, and the output light passes through 95/5 fiber splitter 5, where 95% of the light is used to cool the atoms. 5% of the light passes through the fibre optic electro-optic modulator 7(EOM) and then out to the collimator 8. The focal length of the collimator is 5mm, the beam waist radius of the Gaussian beam after the output beam is shaped is 154 mu m, and the Gaussian beam passes through the half-wave plate 9, the polarization beam splitter prism 10 and the quarter-wave plate 14 and is input into the high-fineness transportable cube cavity 15. The quarter-wave plate 14 rotates the polarization of the input light by 45 degrees, the laser reflected by the cavity mirror rotates by 90 degrees relative to the input light, and the reflected light of the back cavity mirror is spatially separated from the input light by the polarization beam splitter prism 10 and is input to the detector 11. The light transmitted through the cubic cavity is input to the detector 17 and the camera 18 through the beam splitter 16, respectively. By observing the output signal of the detector 17, the light guide mirrors 12 and 13 in front of the cavity are adjusted to make the cavity mode matching reach the best. Connecting the camera 18 to a computer allows observation of the transmitted light pattern, ensuring that the matched pattern is the cavity fundamental mode, TEM00 mode. The laser is locked on the cubic reference cavity by using a sideband locking technology, so that the linewidth of the output laser is in the Hz magnitude and the frequency is stable. According to88The frequency of the laser for the secondary cooling of Sr atoms is adjusted appropriately to make 95% of the output light from the fiber beam splitter act on the atoms, and the atoms are cooled to a temperature of several mu K. Thus it realizes88Secondary cooling narrow line in Sr optical clockThe wide frequency stabilization light source is portable.
Example 2
For example, in the field of carrying87In the Sr atomic optical clock system, the secondary cooling laser comprises capture light and homogenized light with the frequency difference of 1.46GHz, the laser temperature is required, the line width is less than kHz, and the requirement of carrying is met. At the moment, a single frequency stabilization narrow linewidth laser cannot meet the requirements at the same time, so the required laser is obtained by means of an injection locking technology. The master laser 4 is first locked to the cubic cavity 15 as in example 1, so that the laser frequency input to the magneto-optical trap 6 is the median of the trapping light and the homogenizing light. Then the part of laser as seed light passes through two acousto-optic modulators (frequency shift-260 MHz multiplied by 2) and (frequency shift +260MHz multiplied by 2) twice respectively and is injected into the two slave lasers, and the power of the seed light is less than 500 muW. A large frequency shift amount can be obtained through the acousto-optic modulator twice, and meanwhile, the emitting direction of laser can be guaranteed not to change by utilizing the cat eye structure. Two lasers output from the lasers are subjected to-210 MHz and +210MHz frequency shift, and then output as capture light and homogenized light for secondary cooling through a single-mode polarization-maintaining optical fiber. The FP cavity is used to monitor the injection locking of the slave laser, and when the slave laser is fully injected, the output light has the same characteristics as the master laser, including linewidth and frequency stability.
Claims (10)
1. A frequency tunable and transportable frequency stabilization laser system for an optical clock comprises a laser, a beam splitter, a magneto-optical trap, an optical fiber electro-optic modulator, an optical fiber collimator, a polarization beam splitter prism, a detector and an optical reference cavity, and is characterized in that laser output from the laser passes through the beam splitter, one part of the laser is output to the magneto-optical trap for cooling atoms, the other part of the laser is input to the optical fiber electro-optic modulator, the modulated laser is output through the optical fiber collimator, output light passes through a wave plate, the polarization beam splitter prism and a quarter wave plate and then is input into the optical reference cavity, a reflection signal of the optical reference cavity passes through the quarter wave plate and the polarization beam splitter prism and then is collected by the detector, the signal is demodulated, an error signal is fed back to the laser through a servo system, and the frequency locking, the line width narrowing and the transportability of the laser are realized; the cavity of the optical reference cavity is of a cubic structure, the cavity mirror comprises a plane mirror and a plane concave mirror, the plane mirror and the plane concave mirror are respectively arranged on two opposite end surfaces of the cavity, the plane mirror is a light incident end, and the plane concave mirror is a light emergent end; the optical fiber electro-optic modulator loads radio frequency signals and locks laser to a modulation sideband by using a sideband frequency locking technology.
2. The frequency-tunable, transportable frequency-stabilized laser system for optical clocks of claim 1, wherein the light transmitted by said optical reference cavity is input to another detector and camera respectively through a beam splitter, and the light guide mirror in front of the cavity is adjusted to optimize the cavity-mode matching by observing the output signal of the other detector; the camera is connected to a computer, and is used for observing the mode of transmitted light and ensuring that the matched mode is a cavity base mode.
3. The frequency tunable, portable frequency stabilized laser system for optical clocks of claim 1, wherein said laser light output from the laser passes through a beam splitter where 95% of the light is output to a magneto-optical trap for cooling atoms and 5% of the light is used for locking input of the laser light to a fiber optic electro-optic modulator.
4. A frequency tuneable, transportable frequency stabilized laser system for an optical clock according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity length of the cavity is 25mm, the diameter of the plane mirror and the plane concave mirror are both 12.7mm, the thickness are both 4mm, and the radius of curvature of the plane concave mirror is 500 mm.
5. A frequency tuneable, portable frequency stabilized laser system for optical clocks according to claim 1, characterized in that 8 top corners of the cavity are cut off, presenting an equilateral triangular plane.
6. A frequency tuneable, transportable frequency stabilized laser system for optical clocks according to claim 5, characterized in that the apex angle vibrates with a cutting depth of 3 ± 0.1mmSensitivity of less than 2.5 × 10-12The/g can meet the requirement of portability on the basis of narrowing the line width.
7. The frequency tunable, transportable frequency stabilized laser system for an optical clock of claim 1, wherein the material of said cavity is ultra low expansion coefficient glass and the material of said cavity mirror is fused silica.
8. The frequency tunable, transportable frequency stabilized laser system for an optical clock of claim 1, wherein said cavity has vent holes on four end faces where no cavity mirror is installed.
9. The frequency tunable, transportable, frequency stabilized laser system for an optical clock of claim 1, wherein the entrance face of said flat mirrors is coated with an antireflection film and the exit face is coated with a highly reflective film, and the cavity mirror transmission is less than 6.5 ppm.
10. The frequency tunable, transportable frequency stabilized laser system for an optical clock of claim 1, wherein said concave surface of said plano-concave mirror is coated with a high reflectivity film, said planar surface is coated with an anti-reflection film, and the cavity mirror transmission is less than 6.5 ppm.
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| CN114740581A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-12 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Zero-expansion temperature point adjusting device for optical reference cavity |
| CN114755907A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-07-15 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Device for realizing Frokay design in optical lattice by utilizing frequency modulation |
| CN116093727A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-05-09 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Injection type laser phase locking control method and device for space gravitational wave detection |
| CN116093727B (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2024-01-23 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Injection type laser phase locking control method and device for space gravitational wave detection |
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