CN111912608A - Test method and device for vibration sensitivity of transportable optical reference cavity - Google Patents
Test method and device for vibration sensitivity of transportable optical reference cavity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for testing the vibration sensitivity of a transportable optical reference cavity, which utilize the corresponding relation between the formant of the optical reference cavity and the laser frequency in a cavity-stabilized narrow-linewidth laser system to obtain the position relation between the formant before and after the inversion of the optical reference cavity and the triangular wave frequency sweep signal of an acousto-optic modulator in a periodic frequency sweep mode of the acousto-optic modulator, further obtain the change value of the resonance frequency of the reference cavity under the condition of 2g acceleration change, and measure the vibration sensitivity of the reference cavity. The invention is convenient and quick, and can reduce the operation complexity and the equipment cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical reference cavities, relates to a vibration sensitivity testing method, and is particularly suitable for testing the vibration sensitivity of a transportable optical reference cavity.
Background
The narrow linewidth laser with extremely high frequency stability is used as a means of high-precision measurement and has wide application in the scientific and technical fields of basic physical constant measurement, gravitational wave detection, geodesic science, atomic optical clocks and the like. There are various methods for improving the laser frequency stability and narrowing the laser linewidth, and among them, the Pound-Drever-hall (pdh) frequency stabilization technique based on the optical reference cavity is one of the most commonly used methods for realizing the ultra-narrow linewidth laser. The method combines the phase modulation spectrum technology and the optical heterodyne detection technology, precisely locks the laser frequency on the resonance frequency of the optical reference cavity, and has the characteristics of strong frequency discrimination signal, large slope at the central frequency, wide control range and the like. Since the optical reference cavity is the frequency reference of the narrow linewidth laser, its length stability directly determines the frequency stability of the narrow linewidth laser. The frequency stability of the ultrastable laser realized based on the ultrastable optical reference cavity reaches 10-17 orders, namely the length stability of the reference cavity reaches 10-17 orders. The deterioration of the stability of the reference cavity length caused by unavoidable vibration in the environment has become one of the key factors limiting the further improvement of the performance of the ultrastable laser. Therefore, measuring the vibration sensitivity of the optical reference cavity quickly and conveniently is a key ring for further optimizing and improving the stability of the system.
The optical reference cavity vibration sensitivity refers to the sensitivity of the length of the optical reference cavity to vibration, namely the relative change of the length of the reference cavity caused by acceleration vibration with a certain amplitude. Since the optical reference chamber is usually installed in a vacuum chamber and its length variation has reached 10-18m, it is not possible to measure this length variation directly. Usually, acceleration vibration with a certain amplitude is applied to the optical reference cavity to be measured, the laser frequency change locked on the optical reference cavity to be measured caused by the vibration is measured in a beat frequency comparison mode, and then the relative change of the cavity length of the reference cavity is calculated. The general method for measuring the vibration sensitivity of the optical reference cavity comprises the steps that firstly, laser output by a laser is locked at the resonance frequency of an ultra-stable optical reference cavity to obtain a beam of laser with stable frequency as reference laser; secondly, locking the laser output by the other laser at the resonance frequency of the optical reference cavity to be detected to obtain the laser to be detected; and then artificially applying acceleration disturbance with certain amplitude to the optical reference cavity to be measured, and measuring the change of beat frequency of the two beams of laser caused by the acceleration disturbance, thereby calculating the vibration sensitivity of the optical reference cavity to be measured. The method generally comprises two lasers, two sets of frequency locking systems, two optical reference cavities, a set of frequency shift system, a set of beat frequency system, a set of acceleration excitation and test system and a set of frequency test system. The vibration sensitivity of an optical reference cavity of a particular cutting design was measured using this method as described in s.a.webster, m.oxborlow and p.gill et al (PHYSICAL REVIEW A75,011801, 011801, 2007) 2007.
In order to simplify the optical reference cavity vibration sensitivity test system, a scholars simplifies the original two lasers into one laser, divides the laser output by one laser into two beams, locks one beam of laser in the optical reference cavity as a reference, locks the other beam of laser in the resonance frequency of the optical reference cavity to be tested after the other beam of laser is shifted through an acousto-optic modulator, and can still test the optical reference cavity vibration sensitivity without changing other parts.
With the development of the anti-vibration optical reference cavity, the optical reference cavity can generate 2g acceleration change by utilizing the relative relation between the optical reference cavity and the gravitational acceleration and by reversing the optical reference cavity up and down. The method is used by us.webster, and p.gill ("Force-sensitive optical cavity," opt.lett.366, 3572 (2011)) et al to measure the vibration sensitivity of a cubic reference cavity.
By combining the methods, the test of the vibration sensitivity at least needs one laser, one optical reference cavity used as a reference, one optical reference cavity to be tested, two sets of frequency locking systems, one set of frequency shift system, one set of beat frequency system and one set of frequency test system. The vibration sensitivity test system is still quite complex, not only is it difficult to operate, but also the test instruments are expensive. The patent provides a more convenient and faster optical reference cavity vibration sensitivity test method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for testing the vibration sensitivity of a transportable optical reference cavity, which utilizes the corresponding relation between the formant of the optical reference cavity and the laser frequency in a cavity-stabilized narrow-linewidth laser system, obtains the position relation between the formant before and after the reversal of the optical reference cavity and the triangular wave frequency sweeping signal of an acousto-optic modulator in a periodic frequency sweeping mode of the acousto-optic modulator, further obtains the change value of the resonance frequency of the reference cavity under the condition of 2g acceleration change, and measures the vibration sensitivity of the reference cavity. The invention is convenient and quick, and can reduce the operation complexity and the equipment cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
locking laser output by a light source at the resonance frequency of an optical reference cavity to obtain frequency stabilized laser serving as reference;
step two, coupling the frequency stabilized laser into an optical reference cavity to be measured after frequency shift;
changing the frequency shift frequency by using the acousto-optic modulator, measuring the light intensity of the laser transmitted from the optical reference cavity to be measured, when the transmitted laser light intensity is maximum, enabling the laser and the optical reference cavity to be measured to resonate, and recording the driving frequency of the acousto-optic modulator as f0；
Step four, setting the output of the driving signal source of the acousto-optic modulator as a periodic triangular wave, and setting the minimum value of the frequency of the output signal after modulation as fminMaximum value of fmaxThe frequency range covers f0(ii) a When the driving signal source scans from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency, the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the transmitted laser light intensity is f1；
Step five, the optical parameter to be measuredThe test cavity is inverted, and when the driving signal source scans from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency, the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the transmitted laser light intensity is f2；
Step six, making difference on corresponding frequency of the optical reference cavity to be detected before and after inversion, and dividing the difference by the product of the acceleration variation 2g and the central frequency f of the laser to obtain the vibration sensitivity of the optical reference cavity, namely (f)2-f1)/(2g*f)。
The invention also provides a device for realizing the method, which comprises a laser, a servo control system, an optical reference cavity, an acousto-optic modulator, a driving signal source, a photoelectric detector and an oscilloscope.
The output laser of the laser is locked at the resonance frequency of the optical reference cavity through a servo control system, the output laser of the laser is coupled into the optical reference cavity to be detected after frequency shift through an acousto-optic modulator, and the laser which is transmitted out of the optical reference cavity to be detected is detected by a photoelectric detector; changing the frequency shift frequency of the acousto-optic modulator, judging that the laser and the optical reference cavity to be measured reach resonance when the output voltage of the photoelectric detector is maximum, and recording the driving frequency of the acousto-optic modulator as f0And connecting the voltage signal output by the photoelectric detector to one input end of the oscilloscope; the output of a drive signal source of the acousto-optic modulator is set as a periodic triangular wave, and the minimum value of the frequency of the output signal after modulation is fminMaximum value of fmaxThe frequency range covers f0(ii) a Outputting the triangular wave signal to the other input port of the oscilloscope; after the signal source scans from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency, simultaneously displaying a triangular wave signal and an optical reference cavity formant signal to be detected on an oscilloscope; inverting the optical reference cavity to be detected up and down, and displaying the inverted formant signal of the optical reference cavity to be detected on an oscilloscope; and calculating the vibration sensitivity of the optical reference cavity to be measured according to the two formant signals.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is more convenient and faster than the prior art, at least one set of devices such as a frequency locking system, a beat frequency system, a frequency testing system and the like can be saved, and the economic cost and the time cost of carrying the optical reference cavity vibration sensitivity test can be obviously reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the test in s.a.webster, m.oxborrow, and p.gill et al;
FIG. 2 is a test schematic of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the frequency relationship of the resonance signals before and after the reference cavity is inverted.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
firstly, locking laser output by a laser at the resonant frequency of an optical reference cavity 1 through a servo control system (frequency locking system) to obtain frequency stabilized laser serving as reference
Step two, dividing the laser output by the laser into one beam, shifting the frequency by an acousto-optic modulator, and coupling the beam into the optical reference cavity 2 to be measured
Step three, (utilizing the standing wave effect of the optical reference cavity, when the difference between the laser frequency and the resonance frequency of the reference cavity is less than half of the line width of the reference cavity, the laser can be obviously accumulated in the optical reference cavity, meanwhile, because the reference cavity mirror is not a full-reflection mirror, a part of laser is transmitted from the optical reference cavity, when the intensity of the transmitted laser is maximum, namely the amplitude of the output voltage of the photoelectric detector is maximum, the laser and the reference cavity are in resonance), selecting a proper acousto-optic modulator, changing the frequency shift frequency of the acousto-optic modulator, enabling the laser and the optical reference cavity 2 to be in resonance by judging the magnitude of the output voltage of the photoelectric detector behind the optical reference cavity 2, and marking the driving frequency of the acousto-optic modulator as f at the moment0And the voltage signal output by the photoelectric detector is connected to one input end of the oscilloscope.
Step four, setting the output of the driving signal source of the acousto-optic modulator to be in a periodic triangular wave modulation state, wherein the minimum value of the frequency of the output signal after modulation is fminMaximum value of fmaxThe frequency range covers f0. And simultaneously outputting the triangular wave signal to the other input port of the oscilloscope, and simultaneously displaying a triangular wave signal and an optical reference cavity formant signal on the oscilloscope after the signal source scans from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency. As shown in FIG. 3, the solid black line is a triangular wave scanning signal, and since the scanning frequency outputted from the signal source is uniformly changed, the frequency corresponding to the signal source from left to right is uniformly changed by fminIs changed into fmaxThe broken black dot line is the formant signal output by the photodetector before the inversion of the reference cavity, and the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the formant signal is f1。
Step five, the optical reference cavity to be measured, namely the optical reference cavity 2 is inverted up and down to generate 2g acceleration difference, at the moment, the resonance frequency of the reference cavity is changed due to the change of the acceleration borne by the reference cavity, the relative position of the inverted resonance signal in the triangular wave scanning signal is shown as a black long dotted line in figure 3, and the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the resonance signal is f2。
Step six, subtracting the corresponding frequency of the optical reference cavity to be measured before and after reversing, and dividing the frequency by the product of the acceleration variation 2g and the central frequency f of the laser to obtain the vibration sensitivity of the optical reference cavity, namely: (f)2-f1)/(2g*f)。
The present invention will be further described with reference to FIG. 3, which is an example of a portable laboratory cube reference chamber.
Step one, coupling the output laser of a semiconductor laser with the model of DL pro into an optical reference cavity 1 after phase modulation
And step two, splitting the laser output by the laser into a beam by a polarization beam splitter prism, after frequency shift by an acousto-optic modulator with the driving frequency of 80MHz, firstly coupling the first-order diffracted light into a single-mode optical fiber with the length of 5m, and then coupling the laser output by the optical fiber into the optical reference cavity 2 to be detected.
And step three, simultaneously connecting the transmission signals of the optical reference cavity 1 and the optical reference cavity 2 to two input ports of an oscilloscope (model is DPO5104), simultaneously scanning the driving voltage of piezoelectric ceramics in the laser greatly, detecting resonance signals of the two optical reference cavities on the oscilloscope, judging the frequency difference of the main peaks of the transmission signals of the optical reference cavity 1 and the optical reference cavity 2 according to the modulation frequency of laser coupled into the optical reference cavity 1, and adjusting the driving frequency of the acousto-optic modulator according to the frequency difference. It is assumed in this example that the resonant frequency of the optical reference cavity 2 is 10MHz greater than the resonant frequency of the optical reference cavity 1.
And step four, locking the laser output by the semiconductor laser at the resonant frequency of the optical reference cavity 1 in the step three through a servo control system.
Step five, setting the output signal of a driving signal source (model is SMB100A) of the acousto-optic modulator into a periodic triangular wave modulation mode, setting the central frequency to be 90MHz, and setting the scanning range to be 89.9MHz to 90.1MHz, namely fmin＝89.9MHz，fmaxAt 90.1MHz, the scan step is 100Hz/10ms, and a scan process takes 10s from small to large.
And step six, outputting the triangular wave modulation signal of the driving signal source of the acousto-optic modulator to the other input port of the oscilloscope, and simultaneously displaying a triangular wave signal and an optical reference cavity formant signal on the oscilloscope after the signal source scans from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency. Calculating the frequency f corresponding to the formant before the optical reference cavity 2 is reversed according to the time difference between the formant before the optical reference cavity 2 is reversed and the minimum value of the scanning signal1＝90.024MHz。
Seventhly, the optical reference cavity to be measured, namely the optical reference cavity 2 is inverted up and down to generate 2g acceleration difference, at the moment, the resonance frequency of the reference cavity is changed due to the change of the acceleration borne by the reference cavity, and the resonance peak signal f after the optical reference cavity 2 is inverted2＝90.052MHz。
Step eight, making a difference on the corresponding frequency of the optical reference cavity to be measured before and after reversing, and dividing the difference by the acceleration variation 2g and the central frequency f of the laser (the center frequency of the laser)Heart frequency of 4.29X 1014Hz), the vibration sensitivity of the optical reference cavity can be obtained, namely: (f)2-f1)/(2g*f)＝3.26×10-11/g。
Claims (2)
1. A method for testing vibration sensitivity of a portable optical reference cavity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
locking laser output by a light source at the resonance frequency of an optical reference cavity to obtain frequency stabilized laser serving as reference;
step two, coupling the frequency stabilized laser into an optical reference cavity to be measured after frequency shift;
changing the frequency shift frequency by using the acousto-optic modulator, measuring the light intensity of the laser transmitted from the optical reference cavity to be measured, when the transmitted laser light intensity is maximum, enabling the laser and the optical reference cavity to be measured to resonate, and recording the driving frequency of the acousto-optic modulator as f0；
Step four, setting the output of the driving signal source of the acousto-optic modulator as a periodic triangular wave, and setting the minimum value of the frequency of the output signal after modulation as fminMaximum value of fmaxThe frequency range covers f0(ii) a When the driving signal source scans from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency, the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the transmitted laser light intensity is f1；
Step five, the optical reference cavity to be measured is inverted from top to bottom, and when the driving signal source scans from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency, the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the transmitted laser light intensity is f2；
Step six, making difference on corresponding frequency of the optical reference cavity to be detected before and after inversion, and dividing the difference by the product of the acceleration variation 2g and the central frequency f of the laser to obtain the vibration sensitivity of the optical reference cavity, namely (f)2-f1)/(2g*f)。
2. A portable optical reference chamber vibration sensitivity testing device for implementing the method of claim 1, comprising a laser, a servo control system, an optical reference chamber, an acousto-optic modulator, a drive signal source, a photodetector and an oscillographThe device, its characterized in that: the output laser of the laser is locked at the resonance frequency of the optical reference cavity through a servo control system, the output laser of the laser is coupled into the optical reference cavity to be detected after frequency shift through an acousto-optic modulator, and the laser which is transmitted out of the optical reference cavity to be detected is detected by a photoelectric detector; changing the frequency shift frequency of the acousto-optic modulator, judging that the laser and the optical reference cavity to be measured reach resonance when the output voltage of the photoelectric detector is maximum, and recording the driving frequency of the acousto-optic modulator as f0And connecting the voltage signal output by the photoelectric detector to one input end of the oscilloscope; the output of a drive signal source of the acousto-optic modulator is set as a periodic triangular wave, and the minimum value of the frequency of the output signal after modulation is fminMaximum value of fmaxThe frequency range covers f0(ii) a Outputting the triangular wave signal to the other input port of the oscilloscope; after the signal source scans from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency, simultaneously displaying a triangular wave signal and an optical reference cavity formant signal to be detected on an oscilloscope; inverting the optical reference cavity to be detected up and down, and displaying the inverted formant signal of the optical reference cavity to be detected on an oscilloscope; and calculating the vibration sensitivity of the optical reference cavity to be measured according to the two formant signals.
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| CN114530752A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-24 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Improved mean shift algorithm-based automatic locking system for ultrastable laser |
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