CN213182459U - Self-adaptive constant current source circuit, operational amplifier and comparator - Google Patents
Self-adaptive constant current source circuit, operational amplifier and comparator Download PDFInfo
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- CN213182459U CN213182459U CN202021601841.5U CN202021601841U CN213182459U CN 213182459 U CN213182459 U CN 213182459U CN 202021601841 U CN202021601841 U CN 202021601841U CN 213182459 U CN213182459 U CN 213182459U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a constant current source circuit, operational amplifier and comparator of self-adaptation constitutes the substrate voltage that the negative feedback adjusted the constant current pipe through error amplifier, with through adjusting substrate voltage adjusts the threshold voltage of constant current pipe more along with mains voltage's change, thereby makes the constant current pipe is in under the variation situation of parameters such as mains voltage or technology temperature, adjustment that can be self-adaptation the electric current of the production of constant current pipe is a constant current, avoids the constant current source structure receives influences such as low mains voltage, technology, makes and uses the operational amplifier of constant current source circuit and the stable performance of comparator.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the current source circuit, specifically relate to a constant current power supply, operational amplifier and comparator of self-adaptation.
Background
Operational amplifiers are one of the most basic and widely used devices in analog circuits. With the continuous development of portable consumer electronics and deep submicron CMOS integrated circuit technologies, the power supply voltage of the integrated circuit is lower and lower, and the low-voltage and low-power design has become the inevitable development trend of modern CMOS integrated circuits.
The tail current tube for operational amplification is generally a constant current tube, however, the tail current tube is greatly affected by power supply voltage and temperature change, when the power supply voltage is reduced, the drain-source voltage margin of the tail current tube is compressed, and the reduction amplitude of the threshold voltage of the tail current tube is far smaller than the reduction amplitude of the power supply, so that the current generated by the tail current tube is reduced, and the gain and the bandwidth of the operational amplification are affected.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model provides a constant current source circuit, operational amplifier and comparator of self-adaptation to solve current constant current source can be along with supply voltage's change can't guarantee that the electric current is invariable, thereby make the unstable problem of performance of operational amplifier and comparator who uses it.
An adaptive constant current source circuit comprising: a constant current tube, a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a reference current source and an error amplifier,
the constant current tube is connected between a power supply voltage end and a grounding end, the constant current tube generates a constant current under the constant current control voltage of the control end,
the first transistor and the reference current source are connected in series between a power supply voltage terminal and a ground terminal, a first node where the first transistor and the reference current source are connected is connected to a first input terminal of the error amplifier,
the second transistor and the first transistor constitute a current mirror so that currents flowing through the first transistor and the second transistor are the same, the second transistor and the third transistor are connected in series between the power supply voltage terminal and a ground terminal, a second node at which the second transistor and the third transistor are connected is connected to a second input terminal of the error amplifier,
the signal output by the output end of the error amplifier is used for controlling the substrate voltage of the substrate of the constant current tube,
the control end of the third transistor receives a reference voltage, so that in the application process of the constant current source circuit, the voltage of the first input end and the second input end of the error amplifier is the same in magnitude during the period that the threshold voltages of the first transistor and the third transistor are kept unchanged, the substrate voltage is controlled to be 0 by the signal output by the output end of the error amplifier, and the threshold voltage of the constant current tube is kept unchanged,
during the period that the threshold voltages of the first transistor and the third transistor are increased, the voltage of the second input terminal is increased to be less than the voltage of the first input terminal, so that the signal output by the output terminal of the error amplifier controls the substrate voltage to be more than 0, and the threshold voltage of the constant current tube is reduced,
during the period that the threshold voltages of the first transistor and the third transistor are reduced, the voltage of the second input end is reduced to be larger than the voltage of the first input end, and the substrate voltage is controlled to be less than 0 by the signal output by the output end of the error amplifier, so that the threshold voltage of the constant current tube is increased.
Preferably, the change in the threshold voltages of the first transistor and the third transistor is a change caused by a change in an environmental temperature of an environment in which the constant current source circuit is applied,
preferably, the output of the error amplifier is connected directly to the substrate to the constant current tube, so that the substrate voltage is the signal at the output of the error amplifier.
Preferably, a first terminal of the first transistor and a first terminal of the reference current source are connected to the first node, the reference current source is connected to the power supply voltage terminal, a second terminal of the first transistor is grounded,
the control end of the first transistor and the control end of the second transistor are both connected with the first node, the first end of the second transistor and the first end of the third transistor are connected with the second node, the second end of the third transistor is connected with the power supply voltage end, and the second end of the second transistor is grounded.
Preferably, the substrates of the first transistor and the second transistor are both connected to the output terminal of the error amplifier.
Preferably, the magnitude of the reference voltage Vcm is determined according to a first formula, which is:
wherein Vthc is a threshold voltage of the third transistor, Vth1 is a threshold voltage of the first transistor, Iref is a reference current output by the reference current source, and β 1 is a transconductance factor of the first transistor.
Preferably, the constant current tube, the first transistor, the second transistor and the third transistor are all NMOS tubes.
An operational amplifier, wherein the tail current source circuit in the operational amplifier is the constant current source circuit described above, and the power supply voltage is a power supply voltage of the operational amplifier.
Preferably, the operational amplifier further comprises: a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, a seventh transistor, an eighth transistor, a ninth transistor, a tenth transistor, and a bias current source,
a fourth transistor and a fifth transistor form a differential input pair transistor of the operational amplifier to respectively receive two input signals of the differential input signals, the fourth transistor is connected with the power supply voltage end through a sixth transistor, the fifth transistor is connected with the power supply voltage end through a seventh transistor, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor are symmetrical load transistors,
a first terminal of the eighth transistor is grounded through a ninth transistor, a second terminal is connected to the power supply voltage terminal,
the control terminals of the eighth transistor, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor are all connected with a third node, the third node is a node where the eighth transistor and the ninth transistor are connected,
the bias current source and the tenth transistor are connected in series between the power supply voltage terminal and a ground terminal, a node at which the bias current source and the tenth transistor are connected is a fourth node,
and the control end of the constant current tube, the control end of the ninth transistor and the control end of the tenth transistor are all connected with the fourth node.
A tail current source circuit in the comparator is the constant current source circuit, and the power supply voltage is the power supply voltage of the comparator.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses an error amplifier constitutes the negative feedback and adjusts the substrate voltage of constant current pipe, with through adjusting the substrate voltage adjusts the threshold voltage of constant current pipe more along with mains voltage's change, thereby makes the constant current pipe is in under the change condition of mains voltage or technological temperature isoparametric, adjustment that can be self-adaptation the electric current of the production of constant current pipe is a constant current, avoids the constant current source structure receives influences such as low mains voltage, technology, makes and uses the operational amplifier of constant current source circuit and the stable performance of comparator.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an adaptive current source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an operational amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments generated by the ordinary skilled in the art without creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that "…" in this description of the preferred embodiment is only intended to indicate technical belongings or features of the present invention. In an embodiment of the present invention, the first end of the transistor refers to one of a source and a drain, the second end refers to the other of the source and the drain, the control end of the transistor is the gate end of the transistor, for a PMOS transistor, the source is connected to a high potential, the drain is connected to a low potential, and for an NMOS transistor, the drain is connected to a high potential, and the source is connected to a low potential.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an adaptive constant current source circuit, which includes: constant flow tube MSA first transistor M1A second transistor M1rA third transistor MCReference current source and error amplifier Af. The constant current tube MSConnected between a power supply voltage Vdd terminal and a ground terminal, the constant current tube MSAnd generating a constant current under the constant current control voltage of the control end. The constant current tube MSThe constant current is tail current of the comparator or the operational amplifier, and constant bias current is provided for a differential signal input pair tube connected with the tail current tube and a load tube connected with the differential input signal pair tube.
The first transistor and the reference current source are connected in series between a power supply voltage end and a ground end, a first node where the first transistor and the reference current source are connected is connected with a first input end of the error amplifier, and the first transistor M1And the second transistor M1rA current mirror is configured to flow through the first transistor M1And a second transistor M1rAre the same, i.e. are both the reference currents Iref output by the reference current source. The second transistor M1rAnd the third transistor MCConnected in series between the supply voltage Vdd terminal and ground terminal. The second transistor M1rAnd a third transistor MCA second node connected with the error amplifier AfIs connected to the second input terminal of the error amplifier afIs used for controlling the constant current tube MSThe substrate voltage Vbgn of the substrate. The third transistor MCThe control terminal of the constant current source circuit receives a reference voltage Vcm, so that in the application process of the constant current source circuit, the change of the environmental temperature of the application environment does not cause the first transistor M1And a third transistor MCI.e. the first transistor M1And a third transistor MCIs maintained constant, the error amplifier AfThe first input terminal and the second input terminal have the same voltage, and the error amplifier AfThe output terminal of (1) is 0, and the output signal controls the substrate voltage Vbgn to be 0. The first transistor M is caused to change at the ambient temperature of the application environment1And a third transistor MCDuring the period when the threshold voltages of the first and second input terminals are all increased, the voltage of the second input terminal is increased to be smaller than that of the first input terminal, so that the error amplifier AfControls the substrate voltage Vbgn to be greater than 0 so as to enable the constant current tube MSThe threshold voltage of (2) is decreased. The first transistor M is caused to change at the ambient temperature of the application environment1And a third transistor MCDuring the period of decreasing the threshold voltage, the voltage of the second input terminal is decreased to be greater than the voltage of the first input terminal, and the error amplifier AfThe substrate voltage Vbgn is controlled to be less than 0 by the signal output by the output end, so that the threshold voltage of the constant current tube is increased.
When the power supply voltage Vdd decreases, the constant current tube MSThe drain-source voltage margin of the operational amplifier is compressed, so that the current of the operational amplifier is reduced, and the gain and the bandwidth of the operational amplifier are influenced. Therefore, when the power supply voltage is low, the influence of the change of the environmental temperature on the threshold voltage of the transistor is large, the balance state of the error amplifier is established by setting the reference voltage (the sizes of positive and negative phase input ends are equal), and the balance state of the error amplifier is changed by the change of the environmental temperatureThe signal fed back from the output of the error amplifier thus reflects the ambient temperature to the constant current tube MSSo that we can adjust the substrate voltage Vbgn according to the feedback signal output by the error amplifier, and finally make the error amplifier in the balanced state to adjust the constant current tube MSIs adjusted to be small during the increase due to the change of the ambient temperature and is adjusted to be large during the decrease due to the change of the ambient temperature, thereby finally enabling the constant current tube MSThe output current can be kept substantially constant during low supply voltages and ambient temperature variations.
Due to the constant flow tube MSThe relationship between the threshold voltage Vths and the substrate voltage Vbgn of the constant current tube is negative correlation, that is, the larger the substrate voltage Vbgn is, the smaller the threshold voltage Vths is, and the smaller the substrate voltage Vbgn is, the larger the threshold voltage Vths is. Therefore, in the present invention, we pass through the error amplifier AfThe magnitude of the voltage difference of the two input terminals is changed along with the change of the threshold voltage of the first transistor and the third transistor, so that the error amplifier AfThe output end of the constant current tube M outputs a corresponding signal to control the substrate voltage Vbgn, thereby realizing the adjustment of the constant current tube M by adjusting the substrate voltage Vbgn to follow the change of the ambient temperatureSIs changed correspondingly during the change of the environmental temperature so as to adaptively adjust the constant flow tube MSThe generated current remains constant. Through the error amplifier AfIs in this embodiment applied directly to the constant current tube MSI.e. the output of the error amplifier is directly connected to the constant current tube MSAre connected to the substrate end. In other embodiments, the error amplifier AfCan be indirectly applied to the constant current tube MSI.e. the output of the error amplifier is indirectly connected to the constant current tube MSFor example when the error decreases the supply voltage Vdd so that the error amplifier a is connectedfIs less than 0, the error is detectedAmplifier AfCan be connected with the constant current tube M through an inverterSTo the constant current tube MSIs applied with a voltage greater than 0, so that the constant current tube MSDecreases the threshold voltage Vths. On the contrary, when the error amplifier AfWhen the output end signal of (2) is less than 0, the error amplifier AfCan be connected with the constant current tube M through an inverterSTo apply a voltage of less than 0 to the substrate of the constant current tube MS, so that the constant current tube MSThe threshold voltage Vths increases. In summary, when the threshold voltages of the first transistor and the third transistor are reduced, the error amplifier afThe output signal of (3) controls the constant current tube MSIs greater than 0, the error amplifier a increases the threshold voltages of the first and third transistorsfThe output signal of (3) controls the constant current tube MSIs less than 0, and the error amplifier a is operated while the threshold voltages of the first transistor and the third transistor are not changedfThe output signal of (3) controls the constant current tube MSIs equal to 0.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the error amplifier AfIs the non-inverting input of the error amplifier, the error amplifier AfThe second input terminal of (1) is the error amplifier AfTo the inverting input terminal. The first transistor M1Is connected to the first node, the reference current source is connected to the supply voltage Vdd terminal, the first transistor M1The second terminal of (a) is grounded. The first transistor M1And the second transistor M1rThe control ends of the first and second nodes are all connected with the first node. The second transistor M1rAnd the third transistor MCIs connected to the second node, the third transistor MCIs connected to the supply voltage Vdd terminal, the second transistor M1rThe second terminal of (a) is grounded. Furthermore, the utility model provides a liningThe bottom voltage regulating circuit can also be used to adjust the substrate voltage of its own transistor, thus, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first transistor M1And a second transistor M1rAre connected to the output of the error amplifier so that the first transistor M is connected to the output of the error amplifier1And a second transistor M1rThe substrate voltage of the constant current tube M is adjusted along with the change of the environment temperatureSIs changed during the change of the ambient temperature. In the embodiment of the present invention, the constant current tube MSThe first transistor M1The second transistor M1rAnd the third transistor MCAre all NMOS tubes.
Based on the specific connection relationship of the circuit diagram shown in fig. 1, the first transistor M1The voltage at the first terminal is the error amplifier AfThe voltage of the same-direction input terminal of the first transistor M1And the product of the equivalent resistance of the second transistor M and the reference current Iref, the second transistor M1rThe voltage at the first terminal is the error amplifier AfAt the reverse input terminal voltage of the second transistor M1rBy setting the reference voltage Vcm to a fixed value, the error amplifier a can keep the threshold voltages of the first transistor and the third transistor unchangedfThe two inputs are of equal size, then in the error amplifier AfWill only vary with the threshold voltage of the first and third transistors. We can therefore determine the magnitude of the reference voltage Vcm according to equation (1), where equation (1) is:
wherein Vthc is a threshold voltage of the third transistor, Vth1 is a threshold voltage of the first transistor, Iref is a reference current output by the reference current source, and β 1 is a transconductance factor of the first transistor.
When the threshold voltages of the first transistor and the third transistor are increased, that is, Vthc and Vth1 are increased, the left side in equation (1) is smaller than the right side, and therefore, the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal of the error amplifier is larger than the voltage of the inverting input terminal, the signal of the output of the error amplifier is larger than 0, that is, the substrate voltage Vbgn is larger than 0, so that the constant current tube M isSDecreases the threshold voltage Vths.
When the threshold voltages of the first transistor and the third transistor are reduced, that is, Vthc and Vth1 are reduced, the left side in equation (1) is larger than the right side, and therefore, the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal of the error amplifier is larger than the voltage of the inverting input terminal, the signal of the output of the error amplifier is smaller than 0, that is, the substrate voltage Vbgn is smaller than 0, so that the constant current tube M isSThe threshold voltage Vths increases.
The utility model discloses an error amplifier constitutes the negative feedback and adjusts the substrate voltage of constant current pipe, with through adjusting the substrate voltage adjusts the threshold voltage of constant current pipe follows ambient temperature's change, thereby makes the constant current pipe is in under the change condition of supply voltage or technological temperature isoparametric, adjustment that can be self-adaptation the electric current of the production of constant current pipe is a constant current, avoids the constant current source structure receives influences such as low supply voltage, technology.
The utility model also provides an operational amplifier, tail current source circuit foundation among the operational amplifier the utility model discloses in the arbitrary embodiment constant current source circuit, voltage do operational amplifier's voltage, the constant current pipe does operational amplifier's tail current pipe. The operational amplifier further includes: a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, a seventh transistor, an eighth transistor, a ninth transistor, a tenth transistor, and a bias current source.
Fourth transistor M4And a fifth transistor M5A differential input pair transistor constituting the operational amplifier to receive two input signals Vip, Vin respectively, and the fourth transistor M4Through a sixth transistor M6And the placeThe power supply voltage Vdd end is connected, and the fifth transistor M5Through a seventh transistor M7The sixth transistor M is connected with the power supply voltage Vdd end6And a seventh transistor M7Is a symmetrical load tube. The eighth transistor M8Through a ninth transistor M9A ground, a second terminal connected to the supply voltage Vdd terminal, and an eighth transistor M8The sixth transistor M6And the seventh transistor M7The control terminals of the first and second transistors are all connected with a third node, and the third node is the eighth transistor M8And the ninth transistor M9A connected node. The bias current source and the tenth transistor M10Connected in series between the power supply voltage Vdd terminal and the ground terminal, the bias current source and the tenth transistor M10The connected node is the fourth node. The ninth transistor M9And a tenth transistor M10A current mirror is configured to flow through the ninth transistor M9And a tenth transistor M10Is the bias current Ib output by the bias current source to form the constant current tube M at the fourth nodeSAnd the constant current of the control end controls the voltage. The control end of the constant current tube and the ninth transistor M9And said tenth transistor M10The control ends of the first and second nodes are all connected with the fourth node.
The utility model provides an operational amplifier's tail current source is the foundation the utility model provides a self-adaptation constant current source circuit, consequently can ensure the invariant of tail current to operational amplifier's stability has been guaranteed.
Furthermore, the utility model also provides a comparator, tail current source circuit in the comparator is the foundation the utility model discloses an arbitrary embodiment in constant current source circuit, mains voltage does the mains voltage of comparator. Therefore, the tail current of the comparator does not change obviously along with the change of the application environment temperature of the comparator, and the stability of the comparator is ensured.
In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention as set forth above, these embodiments are not exhaustive and do not limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and its various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. An adaptive constant current source circuit, comprising: a constant current tube, a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a reference current source and an error amplifier,
the constant current tube is connected between a power supply voltage end and a grounding end, the constant current tube generates a constant current under the constant current control voltage of the control end,
the first transistor and the reference current source are connected in series between a power supply voltage terminal and a ground terminal, a first node where the first transistor and the reference current source are connected is connected to a first input terminal of the error amplifier,
the second transistor and the first transistor constitute a current mirror so that currents flowing through the first transistor and the second transistor are the same, the second transistor and the third transistor are connected in series between the power supply voltage terminal and a ground terminal, a second node at which the second transistor and the third transistor are connected is connected to a second input terminal of the error amplifier,
the signal output by the output end of the error amplifier is used for controlling the substrate voltage of the substrate of the constant current tube,
the control end of the third transistor receives a reference voltage.
2. The constant current source circuit according to claim 1, wherein the change in the threshold voltage of the first transistor and the third transistor is a change caused by a change in an environmental temperature of an environment in which the constant current source circuit is applied,
the first input end is a non-inverting input end of the error amplifier, and the second input end is an inverting input end of the error amplifier.
3. The constant current source circuit according to claim 2, wherein the output terminal of the error amplifier is directly connected to a substrate to the constant current tube so that the substrate voltage is a signal of the output terminal of the error amplifier.
4. The constant current source circuit according to claim 2, wherein a first terminal of the first transistor and a first terminal of the reference current source are connected to the first node, the reference current source is connected to the power supply voltage terminal, a second terminal of the first transistor is grounded,
the control end of the first transistor and the control end of the second transistor are both connected with the first node, the first end of the second transistor and the first end of the third transistor are connected with the second node, the second end of the third transistor is connected with the power supply voltage end, and the second end of the second transistor is grounded.
5. The constant current source circuit according to claim 4, wherein the substrates of the first transistor and the second transistor are connected to the output terminal of the error amplifier.
6. The constant current source circuit according to claim 4, wherein the constant current tube, the first transistor, the second transistor, and the third transistor are all NMOS tubes.
7. An operational amplifier, wherein the tail current source circuit in the operational amplifier is the constant current source circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the power supply voltage is a power supply voltage of the operational amplifier.
8. The operational amplifier of claim 7, further comprising: a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, a seventh transistor, an eighth transistor, a ninth transistor, a tenth transistor, and a bias current source,
the fourth transistor and the fifth transistor form a differential input pair transistor of the operational amplifier to respectively receive two input signals in the differential input signals, the fourth transistor is connected with the power supply voltage end through a sixth transistor, the fifth transistor is connected with the power supply voltage end through a seventh transistor, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor are symmetrical load transistors,
a first terminal of the eighth transistor is grounded through a ninth transistor, a second terminal is connected to the power supply voltage terminal,
the control terminals of the eighth transistor, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor are all connected with a third node, the third node is a node where the eighth transistor and the ninth transistor are connected,
the bias current source and the tenth transistor are connected in series between the power supply voltage terminal and a ground terminal, a node at which the bias current source and the tenth transistor are connected is a fourth node,
and the control end of the constant current tube, the control end of the ninth transistor and the control end of the tenth transistor are all connected with the fourth node.
9. A comparator, characterized in that the tail current source circuit in the comparator is the constant current source circuit of any one of claims 1 to 6, and the power supply voltage is the power supply voltage of the comparator.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114124004A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-01 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | Signal processing circuit and signal processing device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114124004A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-01 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | Signal processing circuit and signal processing device |
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