CN212956378U - Intertidal zone ecological revetment structure - Google Patents
Intertidal zone ecological revetment structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN212956378U CN212956378U CN202021210188.XU CN202021210188U CN212956378U CN 212956378 U CN212956378 U CN 212956378U CN 202021210188 U CN202021210188 U CN 202021210188U CN 212956378 U CN212956378 U CN 212956378U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
Abstract
The utility model relates to a technical field of ecological shore protection provides an intertidal zone ecological shore protection structure, include the four layers shore protection layer of laying along bank slope inclined plane, four layers shore protection layer are closely knit grey soil layer, sand cushion layer, mortar layer and no sand concrete brick layer by bottom to top layer in proper order, and no sand concrete brick layer sets gradually high tide level vegetation district, well tide level vegetation district and low tide level vegetation district, and the bottom periphery on shore protection layer sets gradually sand bag and pine stake. The sand-free concrete brick layer fixes the plant root system, the anchoring effect of the plant layer on the revetment layer is strengthened, wave dissipation, wave reduction and foot fixing effects of pine piles and sand bags weaken scouring force of seawater on the revetment layer, the four layers of revetment layers purify water quality, waste oyster shells are filled in gaps of the sand-free concrete bricks, water and soil loss can be prevented and treated, seawater can be purified, plant growth is promoted, the above revetment structure can resist strong rainfall and seawater scouring, the structural stability is high, and the risk of coast collapse is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a technical field of ecological bank protection, more specifically say, relate to an intertidal zone ecological bank protection structure.
Background
For a long time, in order to effectively prevent water and soil loss and ensure the safety of an embankment, common concrete, block stone grouted or dry-built slope protection, precast concrete block slope protection, geotextile bags and the like are commonly adopted. The traditional revetment forms have poor durability, low strength and poor integrity, and are easy to have the problems of internal instability, slope slotting, soil body loss and the like. If the reinforced concrete guide wall slope protection of the modern technology is adopted, the problems of high cost and complex and fussy construction process can be caused. The ecological bank protection is a bank protection mode which comprehensively applies multiple subjects such as engineering mechanics, soil science, ecology, botany and the like, the ecological bank protection realizes protection and reinforcement on a bank body by planting plants on the bank and utilizing the anchoring effect of plant root systems, and has the functions of ecological environment restoration, improvement and landscape addition. The intertidal zone ecological revetment has been widely used as the important means of stabilizing the coast and repairing the ecological environment along the coast, and because the intertidal zone has the condition that seawater rises and falls tide, the coastal water level is usually not constant, and in addition, the long-term tidal water scouring action, the current intertidal zone ecological revetment often has the problems of poor structural stability and difficulty in fixing the plant root system, thereby bringing about greater risk of coast collapse.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide an intertidal zone ecological revetment structure, aim at solving prior art, intertidal zone revetment structural stability is poor, plant roots is difficult to fixed technical problem.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides an ecological bank protection structure in intertidal zone, include the four layers bank protection layer of laying along bank slope inclined plane, four layers the bank protection layer is closely knit grey soil layer, sand cushion layer, mortar layer and no sand concrete brick layer by bottom to top layer in proper order, set gradually high tide level vegetation area, well tide level vegetation area and low tide level vegetation area along domatic top-down in the space on no sand concrete brick layer, the bottom periphery on bank protection layer sets up the pine stake that is used for the unrestrained of disappearing, the bank protection layer with it is right to set up between the pine stake the bank protection layer carries out the sand bag of solid foot.
Further, laying C at medium tide level and low tide level of the sand-free concrete brick layer30Non-sand concrete brick, the high tide level of the non-sand concrete brick layer is paved with C25A sand-free concrete brick.
Furthermore, a nutrition soil layer and an oyster shell layer are sequentially filled in the gap of the sand-free concrete brick from bottom to top, and the nutrition soil layer and the oyster shell layer are paved in the gap of the sand-free concrete brick.
Further, the sand-free concrete brick is a sand-free concrete hexagonal brick.
Further, pine pile one end is fixed in the sea mud of revetment layer bottom, the other end of pine pile is vertical upwards for the surface of water.
Further, the height of the sand bag stack does not exceed the height of the end, exposed out of the sea mud, of the pine pile.
Further, the sand bag is a geotextile sand bag.
Further, the slope ratio of the revetment layer is set to 1: 3 to 1: 6.
The utility model provides an intertidal zone ecological revetment structure's beneficial effect lies in: compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses an ecological bank protection structure in intertidal zone includes the four layers of bank protection layers of laying along bank slope inclined plane, four layers of bank protection layers are closely knit grey soil layer by bottom to top layer in proper order, the sand cushion layer, mortar layer and no sand concrete brick layer, set gradually high tide level vegetation district along domatic top-down in the space on no sand concrete brick layer, well tide level vegetation district and low tide level vegetation district, the bottom periphery on bank protection layer sets up the pine stake that is used for the unrestrained, set up the sand bag that is used for consolidating the foot to the bank protection layer between bank protection layer and the pine stake. The setting on no sand concrete brick layer can make the rainwater of bank slope of flowing through or wash away the sea water of shore protection can follow the shore protection layer of no sand concrete's space or pore infiltration bottom, filter gradually through the shore protection layer finally converges into the sea, reducible water pollution of on the one hand, plant layer root system in the space on the other hand no sand concrete brick layer constantly gos deep into inside the shore protection layer, no sand concrete brick layer can play good fixed action to plant layer root system, the anchor effect of plant layer to the shore protection layer has also been promoted, thereby it is strong to make intertidal zone ecological shore protection structural stability, can the rainfall resistance, anti seawater scouring, greatly reduced the risk that the coast sinks.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without inventive work, and in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of an intertidal zone ecological bank protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sand-free concrete brick layer of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the surface of the sea; 2. a bank protection layer; 21. compacting the lime soil layer; 22. a sand cushion layer; 23. a mortar layer; 24. a layer of sand-free concrete bricks; 241. c30A sand-free concrete brick; 242. c25A sand-free concrete brick; 243. a nutrient soil layer; 244. oyster shell layer; 25. a high-tide plant area; 26. a medium-tide plant area; 27. a low-tide plant area; 3. pine piles; 4. and (5) sand bags.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The following embodiments with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the utility model discloses an ecological bank protection structure in intertidal zone can be applied to coastal bank protection engineering and other river lake bank protection engineering, and the following embodiment of this application explains with coastal bank protection engineering as an example, does not do any restriction to the applied scene of bank protection.
Exemplarily, fig. 1 is a schematic view of an intertidal zone ecological bank protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, ecological revetment structure in intertidal zone includes four layers of revetment layer 2 of following bank slope inclined plane and laying, four layers of revetment layer 2 is closely knit grey soil layer 21 by bottom to top layer in proper order, sand cushion layer 22, mortar layer 23 and no sand concrete brick layer 24, set gradually high tide level vegetation district 25 along domatic top-down in no sand concrete brick layer 24's the space, well tide level vegetation district 26 and low tide level vegetation district 27, the bottom periphery of revetment layer 2 sets up pine stake 3 that is used for the wave dissipation, set up the sand bag 4 that is used for carrying out the solid foot to revetment layer 2 between revetment layer 2 and the pine stake 3.
Specifically, in the above embodiment, the bottom dense gray soil layer 21 needs to be compacted by ramming, and the sand cushion 22 is set to have a thickness of 80-120 mm; the mortar layer 23 is preferably an M10 mortar layer, the thickness can be set to be 20-30mm, the pine piles 3 can be preferably pine piles with the diameter phi of 10-15cm, the pine piles 3 are mainly used for wave dissipation and reducing, the impact of sea waves on the revetment can be reduced, the stability of the revetment layer 2 is improved, and meanwhile, the loss of a part of soil can be reduced.
The arrangement of the sand-free concrete brick layer 24 in the above embodiment enables rainwater flowing through a bank slope or seawater scouring the bank protection to permeate into the bank protection layer 2 at the bottom layer from gaps or pores of the sand-free concrete bricks, and then the rainwater is filtered step by step through the bank protection layer 2 and finally flows into the sea, so that on one hand, the ecological environment is protected, on the other hand, plant layer root systems in the gaps of the sand-free concrete brick layer 24 continuously penetrate into the bank protection layer 2, the sand-free concrete brick layer 24 can well fix the plant layer root systems, and the anchoring effect of the plant layer on the bank protection layer 2 is also improved; pine stake 3 and sand bag 4 cooperation not only play the effect of wave dissipation, reducing the unrestrained effect, have weakened the scouring strength of sea water to shore protection layer 2, have still strengthened the solid foot effect to shore protection layer 2 for intertidal zone ecological bank protection overall structure stability is strong, can be anti rainfall by force, anti sea water erodees, and is fixed through plant roots, greatly reduced the risk that the coast sinks.
As shown in FIG. 1, the middle and low tide level paving C of the sand-free concrete brick layer 2430Sand-free concrete brick 241, high tide level laying C of sand-free concrete brick layer 2425The sand-free concrete bricks 242.
Specifically, as the bank protection layer 2 is eroded by seawater and sea waves all the year round near the bottom of the seawater, C with high hardness is laid30The sand-free concrete brick 241 can enhance the resistance of the ecological brick to seawater erosion and prolong the service life of the revetment; conversely, as the tide changes, the upper region of the revetment 2 remote from the sea is subject to little or no flooding by the sea, and so a lower hardness C is laid25The sand-free concrete brick 242 has good effects in optimizing the bank protection structure and saving the cost. C30And C25The height of the area where the non-fine concrete bricks are laid can be determined according to the local tide table.
Illustratively, FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sand free concrete brick layer of the embodiment of FIG. 1. The gaps of the sand-free concrete bricks are filled with a nutrient soil layer 243 and an oyster shell layer 244 from bottom to top in sequence, and the gaps of the sand-free concrete bricks are paved by the nutrient soil layer 243 and the oyster shell layer 244.
Specifically, organic fertilizer beneficial to growth of the plant layer is added into the nutrient soil layer 243. Laying oyster shell 244 has the following beneficial effects: (1) the loss of the nutrient soil layer 243 and the sea mud can be prevented and controlled; (2) the oyster shell contains microelements suitable for the growth of microorganisms, particularly salt-tolerant microorganisms, has a large specific surface area, provides an aerobic and facultative environment for the growth of the microorganisms, is beneficial to removing pollutants in seawater, and provides a good absorption environment for plants; (3) oyster shell is a waste, the recycling cost is low, and waste is changed into valuable.
Illustratively, FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the embodiment of FIG. 1. The sand-free concrete brick is a sand-free concrete hexagonal brick. Preferably, the thickness of the sand-free concrete hexagonal brick is 25mm, the side length is 250mm-350mm, and bricks with other sizes can be selected according to actual needs.
Specifically, in one embodiment, one end of the pine pile 3 is fixed in the sea mud at the bottom end of the revetment layer 2, and the other end of the pine pile 3 is vertically upward relative to the sea surface 1.
When the pine pile 3 is fixed, the pine pile 3 can be driven into sea mud at the bottom of seawater according to the specified measuring position by using a ship-borne small-sized pile driver and an amphibious excavator in the flood tide, the root of the pine pile 3 is deep into the mud at the bottom of the seawater by 3-5 m, and the top end of the pine pile 3 is exposed by 0.5-1 m.
The sandbags 4 are stacked to a height not exceeding the height of the end of the pine pile 3 exposed from the sea mud.
Preferably, the reserved position at the top of the pine pile 3 is 10-20cm higher than the stacking height of the sandbags 4, that is, the pine pile 3 is higher than the stacking height of the sandbags 4, so that the pine pile 3 can surround and fix the sandbags 4, the impact of seawater on the sandbags 4 is reduced, and the foot fixing effect of the sandbags 4 on the revetment layer 2 is enhanced.
As shown in fig. 1, preferably, one or more of the plants including varnishing sea cucumber, haloperi fern, cerbera mango, caralluma poplar, and amaranth blue are planted in the high-tide plant area 25; planting one or more of Aegiceras corniculatum, radix Bruceae, Kandelia candel, radix Brugiae Lanceolatae, and Prunus cerasifera in the middle tide level plant region 26; planting one or more of Avicennia marina, Kandelia candel and Hibiscus cannabinus in the low-tide plant area 27; one or more plants such as pseudo jasmine, thick vines, saline-alkali resistant reeds, bermudagrass and the like are planted in the region of the bank protection layer 2 close to the top end of the bank slope.
Normally, the plants at the low and medium tide levels are submerged by seawater and are below the sea level 1, and the plants at the low tide level are preferably planted with sonneratia, so that the sonneratia grows fast, silt can be rapidly promoted and sand can be rapidly fixed, and water and soil loss is reduced. The planting survival rate of regional mangrove in intertidal zone receives the influence of many factors such as stormy waves, morning and evening tides, salinity, plants the mangrove and need use nutrition bag seedling, can directly plant nutrition bag seedling in the brick hole of no sand concrete hexagonal brick, need not to tear open the bag and plant, conveniently plants and is favorable to protecting the root system of plant. According to the tidal table in the local, combine the growth habit of the difference of different plants to carry out the setting of plant layer simultaneously, can make the root system of plant exert the anchor effect to the greatest extent, strengthen revetment layer 2's stability, play the effect that reduces soil erosion and water loss, beautify the environment simultaneously.
Preferably, the sandbag 4 in the above embodiment is a geotextile sandbag. The sandbag 4 is wrapped by a layer of geotextile, the geotextile is made of a geosynthetic material with high tensile strength, good acid and alkali resistance and good water permeability, and an antioxidant is doped to enhance the underwater oxidation resistance of the geotextile. The life can be as long as 15-30 years under water. The geotextile material is environment-friendly, and has the characteristics of soft material, convenience in transportation, laying, construction and the like. The geotextile sandbags can play a good role in fixing feet to prevent the bank slope from collapsing or sliding on one hand, and can prevent the loss of the culture medium on the other hand.
Preferably, the slope ratio of the revetment layer 2 in the above embodiments is set to 1: 3 to 1: 6. The ecological revetment structure of the slope ratio has strong stability and is not easy to slide down. If the slope is too high, on one hand, the instability and the gliding of the revetment structure can be aggravated by water wave scouring, and the soil erosion modulus can be obviously increased, so that the stability of the revetment can not be effectively maintained; on the other hand, the mangrove plant is not beneficial to survival. Therefore, if the slope is too high, the elevation of the bank needs to be properly reduced to achieve a reasonable slope ratio of 1: 3 to 1: 6 ranges to improve the survival rate of mangrove plants and improve the stability of the ecological bank protection structure.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an ecological revetment structure in intertidal zone, its characterized in that includes the four layers revetment layers of following bank slope inclined plane and laying, the four layers the revetment layer is closely knit grey soil layer, sand cushion layer, mortar layer and no sand concrete brick layer by bottom to top layer in proper order, set gradually high tide level vegetation area, well tide level vegetation area and low tide level vegetation area along domatic top-down in the space on no sand concrete brick layer, the bottom periphery on revetment layer sets up the pine stake that is used for the unrestrained, the revetment layer with it is right to set up between the pine stake the revetment layer carries out the sand bag of solid foot.
2. The intertidal zone ecological revetment structure of claim 1, wherein said middle and low tide level of said layer of sand free concrete bricks is paved with C30Non-sand concrete brick, the high tide level of the non-sand concrete brick layer is paved with C25A sand-free concrete brick.
3. The intertidal zone ecological revetment structure according to claim 2, wherein said non-fine concrete blocks are filled with a nutrient soil layer and an oyster shell layer in order from bottom to top in the gaps, said nutrient soil layer and said oyster shell layer paving the gaps of said non-fine concrete blocks.
4. The intertidal zone ecological revetment structure of claim 3, wherein said sand free concrete blocks are sand free concrete hexagonal blocks.
5. The intertidal zone ecological revetment structure of claim 1, wherein said pine piles are anchored at one end to the sea mud at the bottom end of said revetment layer and at the other end thereof vertically upward with respect to the water surface.
6. The intertidal zone ecological revetment structure of claim 5, wherein said sandbag stack has a height not exceeding the height of said pine stump at the end exposed to sea mud.
7. The intertidal zone ecological revetment structure of claim 1, wherein said sandbags are geotextile sandbags.
8. The intertidal zone ecological revetment structure according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein a slope ratio of said revetment layer is set to 1: 3 to 1: 6.
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| CN202021210188.XU CN212956378U (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-06-24 | Intertidal zone ecological revetment structure |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114451205A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理股份有限公司 | Coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration system and construction method thereof |
| CN114982545A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理股份有限公司 | Coastal ecological landscape belt structure and construction method thereof |
| CN115119680A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-30 | 北京正和恒基国际城市规划设计有限公司 | Coastline landscape restoration method and coastline landscape restoration system |
| CN115125911A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-30 | 北京正和恒基国际城市规划设计有限公司 | Coastline landscape protection method and ecological embankment for protecting coastline landscape |
| CN116530356A (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-08-04 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Mangrove forestation method on deep-water wave large stone gravel beach |
-
2020
- 2020-06-24 CN CN202021210188.XU patent/CN212956378U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114451205A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理股份有限公司 | Coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration system and construction method thereof |
| CN114982545A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理股份有限公司 | Coastal ecological landscape belt structure and construction method thereof |
| CN115119680A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-30 | 北京正和恒基国际城市规划设计有限公司 | Coastline landscape restoration method and coastline landscape restoration system |
| CN115125911A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-30 | 北京正和恒基国际城市规划设计有限公司 | Coastline landscape protection method and ecological embankment for protecting coastline landscape |
| CN116530356A (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-08-04 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Mangrove forestation method on deep-water wave large stone gravel beach |
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