CN212748733U - Water transparency automatic measuring device - Google Patents
Water transparency automatic measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN212748733U CN212748733U CN202022173170.3U CN202022173170U CN212748733U CN 212748733 U CN212748733 U CN 212748733U CN 202022173170 U CN202022173170 U CN 202022173170U CN 212748733 U CN212748733 U CN 212748733U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an automatic measuring device for water transparency.A photoresistor is arranged on the surface of a transparent dial plate to realize the automatic identification of illumination intensity; a pressure sensitive element is arranged on the surface of the transparent dial to realize accurate measurement of the depth of the transparency; the transparent dial is connected with a motor and a speed reducer to enable the transparent dial to descend vertically, so that the accurate recording of the transparency depth is realized. The photoresistor is connected with the motor in series to control the motor to stop working when the illumination reaches a threshold value, and the photoresistor is connected with the single chip microcomputer in series to test and debug the device. The pressure sensitive element should be connected in series with the display to measure the depth of the transparency rapidly and accurately by the pressure depth measurement principle. The utility model discloses the realization has saved the manpower to the automatic measurement of water transparency, has reduced measuring time's consumeing, also can eliminate the error that the human eye measurement produced, reaches the effect that improves measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a field measurement field of quality of water parameter mainly is to water transparency measurement.
Background
In recent years, the evaluation of water quality of water bodies including rivers, lakes and seas becomes an important component of environmental protection monitoring. In order to make the evaluation index system of water quality more clear and concrete, a plurality of important water quality parameters are introduced, and the transparency is one of the parameters. The transparency is the maximum depth which can be seen by a mosaic plate put into water, and reflects the light transmission capacity of the water body. In the ocean water quality monitoring, the transparency is always a more visual parameter and can be used as an index for evaluating the eutrophication degree of the water body. Changes in the transparency of the water can severely affect the survival of plants in the water as well as aquatic animals that are predatory on visible light. Furthermore, water transparency can be used to estimate intrinsic optical parameters, chlorophyll a concentration and even primary productivity. Therefore, the measurement of the transparency of the water body has very important significance for researching water environment change, water body optical parameters, aquatic ecosystem and estimation of primary productivity.
The use of seek discs (transparent scales) abroad to observe the transparency of bodies of water has been known for over 150 years. China uses the mosaic plate to observe the transparency of water bodies from the second thirty years of the last century. According to the specification requirement of transparency measurement, a mosaic plate is horizontally placed in water at the backlight position of a ship and gradually sinks, when the white color of the mosaic plate surface cannot be seen, the depth of the mosaic plate is recorded, namely the measured value of the transparency, the measured value is in cm, and the mosaic plate is repeatedly measured for two to three times, and an average value is obtained for recording. Although the traditional measuring method is simple to operate, the defects of long time consumption, high labor consumption, large subjective error of human eye observation and the like exist.
Because the traditional observation method of the transparency is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the inversion of the transparency by using a remote sensing technology gradually becomes an important means. The remote sensing estimation method of the transparency mainly comprises an empirical method, a semi-analysis algorithm and an analysis algorithm. The empirical algorithm is a statistical regression model between the remote sensing reflectivity and the actually measured transparency, and although the method is simple and feasible, the optical characteristics of some water bodies are complex and have strong regional characteristics. Therefore, the empirical algorithm is easily limited by regions and has no universality. For the semi-analytical algorithm and the analytical algorithm, the research on the related theory and the inversion method still needs to be further improved, and the inversion accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, in-field measurement acquisition of transparency is still necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to overcome the shortcoming and not enough of the traditional observation method of transparency, provide a novel water transparency automatic measuring device.
The technical scheme of the utility model as follows:
an automatic measuring device for water transparency is characterized in that a photoresistor is arranged on the surface of a transparent dial plate to realize automatic identification of illumination intensity; a pressure sensitive element is arranged on the surface of the transparent dial to realize accurate measurement of the depth of the transparency; the transparent dial is connected with the motor and the speed reducer to enable the transparent dial to descend vertically, so that the accurate recording of the transparency depth is achieved.
The photoresistor is connected with the motor in series to control the motor to stop working when the illumination reaches a threshold value, and the photoresistor is connected with the single chip microcomputer in series to test and debug the device.
According to the device, the pressure sensitive element is connected with the display in series, and the depth of the transparency is rapidly and accurately measured by a pressure depth measurement principle.
The utility model has the advantages that firstly, a photoresistor (made of cadmium sulfide) is arranged on the surface of the transparent dial plate to realize the automatic identification of the illumination intensity; secondly, a pressure sensitive element is arranged on the surface of the transparent scale to realize the accurate measurement of the transparency depth; thirdly, a motor and a reducer are arranged to enable the transparent dial to slowly and vertically descend, so that accurate and automatic recording of the transparency depth is achieved.
The circuit connection of the device of the utility model is shown in figure 4. The circuit connection of the device is that the photoresistor part, the motor and the speed reducer are connected in series; then, the pressure sensitive element is connected with a display of an operation end in series; the two parts are then connected in parallel and then in series with the switch and battery parts.
Fixing the photoresistor and the pressure sensitive element on the surface of the transparent dial plate by using glue, then sealing the photoresistor and the pressure sensitive element by using a transparent plastic dial plate with holes, performing waterproof treatment, and leading out a lead for connecting the two elements from the holes to be connected with other parts of the device; the motor and the reducer are built in the pulley to control the rotation of the pulley and further control the lifting of the transparent dial.
The photoresistor described is a special resistor made of semiconductor material such as cadmium sulfide. The resistance value of the resistor is changed along with the intensity of incident light by utilizing the internal photoelectric effect of a semiconductor; the incident light intensity, resistance decrease, the incident light is weak, resistance increases. By utilizing the physical characteristic of the photoresistor, the photoresistor and the motor are connected in series in the design process. When the transparent dial is slowly lowered and the light reaches a specified threshold, the resistance of the photoresistor is increased so that the motor stops working. The transparency depth can then be recorded. The module is designed by converting analog voltage signals with different photosensitive intensities sensed by the photoresistor into digital voltage signals through an ADC0809 analog/digital conversion module, calculating in a singlechip, and comparing with preset threshold voltage, thereby realizing the determination of the threshold of the photoresistor.
The pressure depth measurement is that the pressure sensitive element is placed in the water after being placed on the surface of the transparent dial, and the water depth of the position where the pressure sensitive element is located is calculated by measuring the pressure under the water and using the principle of relative pressure difference. Therefore, in the actual depth measurement process, the pressure sensitive element and the display at the operation end are connected in series to record the transparency depth of the water body. The output weak signal of the pressure sensitive element is amplified, then read into the singlechip by the analog/digital conversion module, and communicated with an upper computer at a computer end by a serial port, thereby recording the transparency depth of the water body. The underwater depth can be calculated by equation (1). In the formula, h represents the underwater depth of the sensor, P represents the current underwater pressure intensity, rho represents the density of the measured water body, and g represents the local gravity of the earth.
The motor is connected with a measuring start button at the operation end in series, and when the measuring start button is clicked, the motor starts to operate. The power of the motor running at high speed can be reduced by engaging a gear with few gears on the input shaft of the speed reducer with a large gear on the output shaft. Therefore, the transparent dial can be slowly reduced, and the time is reserved for the resistance value reflection of the photoresistor, thereby realizing the accurate measurement and recording of the transparency depth.
The utility model has the advantages that: the method can realize automatic measurement of the transparency of the water body, save labor, reduce the consumption of measurement time, eliminate errors generated by measurement of human eyes and achieve the effect of improving the measurement precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the operation of the apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An automatic measuring device for water transparency is characterized in that a photoresistor is arranged on the surface of a transparent dial plate to realize automatic identification of illumination intensity; a pressure sensitive element is arranged on the surface of the transparent dial to realize accurate measurement of the depth of the transparency; the transparent dial is connected with a motor and a speed reducer to enable the transparent dial to descend vertically, so that the accurate recording of the transparency depth is realized.
The photoresistor is connected with the motor in series to control the motor to stop working when the illumination reaches a threshold value, and the photoresistor is connected with the single chip microcomputer in series to test and debug the device.
According to the device, the pressure sensitive element is connected with the display in series, and the depth of the transparency is rapidly and accurately measured by a pressure depth measurement principle.
The utility model has the advantages that firstly, a photoresistor (made of cadmium sulfide) is arranged on the surface of the transparent dial plate to realize the automatic identification of the illumination intensity; secondly, a pressure sensitive element is arranged on the surface of the transparent scale to realize the accurate measurement of the transparency depth; thirdly, a motor and a reducer are arranged to enable the transparent dial to slowly and vertically descend, so that accurate and automatic recording of the transparency depth is achieved.
The circuit connection of the device of the utility model is shown in figure 1. The circuit connection of the device is that the photoresistor part 4, the motor 5 and the speed reducer 6 are connected in series; then, the pressure sensitive element 2 is connected with the display 1 at the operation end in series; the two parts are then connected in parallel and then in series with the switch and battery 3 parts.
Fixing the photoresistor and the pressure sensitive element on the surface of the transparent dial plate by using glue, then sealing the photoresistor and the pressure sensitive element by using a transparent plastic dial plate with holes, performing waterproof treatment, and leading out a lead for connecting the two elements from the holes to be connected with other parts of the device; the motor and the reducer are built in the pulley to control the rotation of the pulley and further control the lifting of the transparent dial.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the device can be divided into three parts. The first of these is an operation port section 7 comprising a display and three buttons. The upper right corner of the display screen can display the electric quantity of a battery of the device, the center of the display screen can display the numerical value of the transparency depth, and the numerical value can be accurate to cm magnitude (m is taken as a unit on the display screen). The first button on the right side of the operation port is a switch button 8 which can control the on-off of the display screen. The second button is the start measurement button 9, which is pressed and then the motor in the wheel starts to operate and the transparent dial starts to descend slowly. The third button is a finish measurement button, when the depth of the transparency displayed on the display is stable and unchanged, data is recorded, and the finish measurement button 10 is clicked, so that the transparent dial can be automatically recycled through a motor.
The second part is a pulley part 11, a motor and a speed reducer are arranged in the pulley, when a button for starting measurement is pressed, the motor and the speed reducer work together, the motor rotates clockwise, and the transparent disc can slowly descend. When the resistance of the photoresistor of the transparent dial increases with the decrease of the illumination, the motor stops working. When the measuring button is clicked, the motor works and rotates anticlockwise, the speed reducer does not work, the transparent dial can be quickly recovered, and measuring time is saved.
The third part is a transparency disc portion 12 having a surface provided with a light sensitive resistor and a pressure sensitive element, wherein the light sensitive resistor controls the motor to stop and the pressure sensitive element measures the depth of transparency at that location. The weight 13 hung on the lower side of the transparent scale plate can ensure that the transparent scale plate descends vertically, thereby reducing the influence of wind waves on the measurement precision.
The display screen is connected in series with the pressure sensitive element, the startup and shutdown button and the singlechip. The motor is connected in series with the photoresistor, the speed reducer, the start measuring button, the end measuring button and the single chip microcomputer. And then connecting the two parts in parallel and then connecting the two parts with a battery in the device to finish the assembly of the circuit of the device.
The observation should be performed in the sunlight-exposed part of the deck, and the working process flow is shown in fig. 3. Before use, the device is charged by a charging device. In the process of starting measurement, firstly, pressing a starting button, observing the electric quantity on a display screen, and lowering a transparent dial to a position close to the surface of the water body under the condition of sufficient electric quantity; and secondly, pressing a measuring start button, starting a motor and a built-in speed reducer, enabling the transparent dial to automatically and slowly descend, and then weakening the illumination on the surface of the transparent dial along with the continuous descending of the transparent dial, and increasing the resistance value of the photoresistor until the motor stops working. And thirdly, recording data displayed by the display screen, and clicking a button for completing measurement to automatically recycle the transparent dial.
To sum up, the utility model provides a pair of novel automatic measuring device of water transparency, current transparency measuring device can't realize automatic measurement, can consume more time and manpower, and measurement accuracy can not obtain guaranteeing moreover. Compared with the traditional measuring mode, the technical scheme of the utility model has following several advantages: the automatic measurement of the transparency can be realized by automatically identifying the illumination through the photoresistor and automatically measuring the depth through the pressure sensitive element, so that the subjectivity of the traditional measurement method observed by naked eyes is reduced; the water quality parameter of transparency can be accurately measured, and the actual measurement data is shown in table 1; the device saves the measuring time and improves the measuring efficiency; the device has excellent portability and can be carried by a measuring ship. Generally, the device can accurately and effectively measure the transparency of water bodies including rivers, lakes and seas, and has great application value and reference significance.
TABLE 1 novel automatic transparency measuring device field measurement results
The above description is only a brief description of the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of improvements and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An automatic measuring device for water transparency is characterized in that a photoresistor is arranged on the surface of a transparent dial plate to realize automatic identification of illumination intensity; a pressure sensitive element is arranged on the surface of the transparent dial to realize accurate measurement of the depth of the transparency; the transparent dial is connected with a motor and a speed reducer to enable the transparent dial to descend vertically, so that the accurate recording of the transparency depth is realized.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a light sensitive resistor is connected in series with the motor to control the motor to stop operating when the light reaches a threshold, and the apparatus is tested and debugged by connecting in series with the single chip.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressure sensitive element is in series with the display.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit connection of the apparatus is a series connection of the photo-resistor portion, the motor, and the decelerator; the pressure sensitive element is connected in series with a display at the operation end; the two parts are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the switch and the battery part.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022173170.3U CN212748733U (en) | 2020-09-28 | 2020-09-28 | Water transparency automatic measuring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022173170.3U CN212748733U (en) | 2020-09-28 | 2020-09-28 | Water transparency automatic measuring device |
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| CN212748733U true CN212748733U (en) | 2021-03-19 |
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| CN202022173170.3U Expired - Fee Related CN212748733U (en) | 2020-09-28 | 2020-09-28 | Water transparency automatic measuring device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112051242A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-08 | 天津大学 | Water transparency automatic measuring device |
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2020
- 2020-09-28 CN CN202022173170.3U patent/CN212748733U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112051242A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-08 | 天津大学 | Water transparency automatic measuring device |
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