CN212433338U - 检测单相或多相供电线路中的闭合开关触点及保护接地导体中断的电路设备 - Google Patents

检测单相或多相供电线路中的闭合开关触点及保护接地导体中断的电路设备 Download PDF

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CN212433338U
CN212433338U CN202020144157.2U CN202020144157U CN212433338U CN 212433338 U CN212433338 U CN 212433338U CN 202020144157 U CN202020144157 U CN 202020144157U CN 212433338 U CN212433338 U CN 212433338U
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拉斯·莫里奇
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/34—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors of a three-phase system
    • H02H3/347—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors of a three-phase system using summation current transformers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H01H83/22—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages
    • H01H83/226—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages with differential transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
    • H02H3/162—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass for ac systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H02H3/334—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means to produce an artificial unbalance for other protection or monitoring reasons or remote control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型涉及用于识别单相或多相供电线路中的闭合开关触点及保护接地导体中断的电路设备。根据本实用新型，剩余电流监控设备的控制(RCMB控制)以一定程度被扩展，使得它包括用于生成控制信号图案的一个故障电流控制单元。控制信号图案包括一系列接通脉冲，该一系列接通脉冲被发送至第一电子开关单元，以在有源导体中的一个或多个和保护接地导体(作为返回导体)上激活可能的人为无源故障电流，在待被测试的闭合开关触点和未受损坏的保护导体的情况下的闭合电路中，该故障电流实际上流动且被识别以及评估。由于在监控期间变化的控制信号图案，即使在待被监控的电气装置(供电线路)处于操作时的大的动态干扰水平下也能确保人为无源故障电流的可靠检测。

Description

检测单相或多相供电线路中的闭合开关触点及保护接地导体 中断的电路设备
技术领域
本实用新型涉及用于识别单相或多相供电线路中的闭合开关触点及保护接地导体中断的电路设备。
背景技术
包括作为有源导体的一个或多个相导体和中性导体以及保护接地导体的供电线路，关于电气安全性常常装备有分离器，以将用户与电源基础设施分离。
这些分离器通常包括开关触点(继电器)，在某些操作条件下，例如，由于高涌浪电流，开关触点的触点趋于无法可靠地打开—即，他们趋于“粘连”，且因此带来风险使得用户不能与电源安全地分离。
因此，起作用的打开需要被监控的开关触点被安装在用于模式2充电的充电电缆以及充电站中。对于多相供电线路中的每个相导体(相位)，此监控要被执行。
另一个缺点来源是保护接地导体连接的中断。在此情况下，安装的故障电流保护设备 (RCD)，特别是在对电动车辆充电时，不能再提供充分的电气保护。因此，急切地推荐监控未受损坏的保护接地导体连接。
从现有技术中已知一个或多个电隔离的测试系统被安装用于对于每个相位监控整个电气系统中的开关触点的合适打开，电隔离的测试系统检测电源电压并经由评估逻辑将结果转发至上级系统控制。然而，所需组件的数量、所需空间和电功率的量以及布线量和成本是大量的。在DIN导轨上的用于每个相位的辅助继电器也提出了详细的替代解决方案。
经由连续的保护接地导体监控确保电气系统的增大的安全性的措施目前尚未被应用于充电系统中。
实用新型内容
因此，本实用新型的当前目的在于采取可靠地监控开关触点的起作用的打开和保护接地导体连接的技术措施。
经由用于识别具有有源导体和保护接地导体的单相或多相供电线路中的闭合开关触点和保护接地导体中断的电路设备实现该目的。该电路设备具有剩余电流监控模块以及系统控制。剩余电流监控模块包括用于评估由测量电流变换器供应的测量信号并生成第一切断信号的RCMB控制，测量电流变换器捕获在供电线路上流动的剩余电流。系统控制用于生成第二切断信号。切断设备用于分离有源导体且包括用于接收第一切断信号和第二切断信号的信号输入，以及系统控制连接到剩余电流监控模块的RCMB控制以接收故障信号。RCMB控制包括故障电流控制单元，故障电流控制单元用于生成控制第一电子开关单元的控制信号图案，第一电子开关单元用于切换经由有源导体中的一个或多个和保护接地导体流动的人为无源故障电流。切换的人为无源故障电流是可设定的，使得人为无源故障电流被剩余电流监控模块检测作为剩余电流但不触发安装在供电线路中的故障电流保护设备。RCMB控制包括信令设备所述信令设备发信号通知检测到人为无源故障电流以及因此存在起作用的保护接地导体以及电源电压。
使用用于监控例如由接地故障引起的故障电流的剩余电流监控模块(RCMB)是现有技术中已知的，剩余电流监控模块(RCMB)包括用于评估由测量电流变换器供应的测量信号并用于生成(第一)切断信号的控制(RCMB控制)。测量电流变换器检测在供电线路上出现的故障电流作为剩余电流。
此外，将剩余电流监控模块连接至切断设备是已知的，切断设备使得供电线路的有源导体被分离。
作为剩余电流监控模块的替代措施或除剩余电流监控模块之外，上级系统控制也已知是可用的，上级系统控制将第二切断信号发送至切断设备。剩余电流监控模块的控制经由故障信号向上级系统控制通知故障电流的发生。
根据本实用新型，剩余电流监控设备的控制(RCMB控制)以一定程度增强使得它包括用于生成控制信号图案的故障电流控制单元。控制信号图案包括一系列接通脉冲，该一系列接通脉冲被发送至第一电子开关单元以激活有源相导体中的一个或多个和保护接地导体(作为返回导体)上的可能的人为无源故障电流，在待被测试的闭合开关触点和未受损坏的保护接地导体的情况下的闭合电路中，此故障电流能够实际地流动并被识别及评估。根据在 RCMB控制中预设的控制信号图案，在供电线路上生成接通/切断故障电流发展的时间图案，时间图案转而被测量电流变换器检测并在RCMB控制中被评估。
由于在监控期间变化的控制信号图案，即使在待被监控的电气装置(供电线路)处于操作时的大的动态干扰水平下也能确保人为无源故障电流的可靠检测。
根据本实用新型，切换的人为无源故障电流的幅度被设定，以使得它可以被剩余电流监控模块(更特别地，被剩余电流监控模块的RCMB控制)检测作为剩余电流，但不触发安装在供电线路中的故障电流保护设备(RCD)。
人为无源故障电流的大小的范围优选地在200μA和3,500μA之间，且因此处于故障电流保护设备(RCD)的触发值(触发阈值)之下。此范围因而也处于可容许的保护接地导体电流之下以及可容许的接触电流之下。
如果这样的人为无源故障电流被检测到，则它表示存在起作用的保护接地导体且电源电压在各个有源导体处被供应，因此待被监控的开关触点处于闭合状态且保护接地导体是未受损坏的。信令设备传达存在未受损坏的保护接地导体以及电源电压。
在这种程度上，取决于监控任务的目标，可以宣称待被监控的开关触点是否确实被起作用地打开且因而没有故障电流流动，或假定开关触点出于操作原因而被闭合，可以宣称保护接地导体是否已被中断。
本实用新型因此通过所提出的监控而造成增大的电气安全性，并使得能够减小组件的数量和成本以及所需空间和能量消耗。
在另一实施例中，RCMB控制包括故障电流比较器，该故障电流比较器比较由测量电流变换器检测的故障电流进展和由于控制信号图案而预期的故障电流进展，以可靠地检测切换的人为无源故障电流。
由于RCMB控制通过控制信号图案预确定待被切换的故障电流的接通/切断模式，可以可靠地区分人为故障电流和实际的无意发生的故障电流或其他干扰源。仅在检测的故障电流进展与由于控制信号图案而预期的故障电流进展匹配的情况下，检测的故障电流将被视为对当前电压的指示且因此对闭合开关触点和未受损坏的保护接地导体的指示。
在另一有益实施例中，故障电流控制单元用于生成第一控制信号至第二电子开关单元，以切换人为触发电流用于触发故障电流保护设备，和/或系统控制被设计用于生成第二控制信号至第二电子开关单元，以切换人为触发电流用于触发故障电流保护设备。
为了迫使安装在供电线路中的故障电流保护设备触发人为故障电流且因此将用户和电源基础设施分离，造成此故障电流保护设备的触发的人为触发电流被故障电流控制单元或系统控制生成。
关于识别保护接地导体中断，可以确保供电线路的可靠绝缘或连接的用户从整个系统的切断，而无需任何其他的切断设备。
具有添加的益处，第一电子开关单元包括三个电子开关，每个对应有源相导体被分配一个电子开关，从而为三个有源相导体中的每个切换人为无源故障电流。
在此实施例中，在三相供电线路的情况下，为有源相导体中的每个，切换独立的故障电流，故障电流被测量电流变换器识别并被RCMB控制评估。信息可以以故障信号的方式被发送至上级系统控制。
有益地，RCMB控制包括用于在有源相导体上通过合适的控制信号图案测量电源频率和 /或检测旋转磁场的方向的测量设备。
通过使用对于有源相导体中的每个不同的控制信号图案，可以测量电源频率和/或可以识别旋转磁场的方向。
替代为三个有源相导体中的每个的人为无源故障电流的独立的切换，第一电子开关单元包括正好一个电子开关，该电子开关为三相供电线路中的三个有源相导体切换共同的人为无源故障电流。在此实施例中，考虑所有三个相导体，使得可能的故障电流经由所有三个相导体同时地流动。
附图说明
可从通过示例描述本实用新型的优选实施例的以下描述和附图中获得实施例的其他有益特征。
图1示出用于供电线路的根据现有技术的电气保护设备；
图2示出用于相导体的根据本实用新型的电路设备；
图3示出用于三相导体的根据本实用新型的电路设备；
图4示出用于三相导体的根据本实用新型的电路设备(变体)；
图5示出具有两个电子开关单元的根据本实用新型和图4的电路设备；以及
图6示出人为无源故障电流的时间进展。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于三相供电线路L的根据现有技术的电气保护设备并且实质上对应于用于使用模块化剩余电流监控设备(剩余电流监控模块RCMB)监控的标准配置。
供电线路L具有作为有源导体的三个相导体L1、L2、L3和中性导体N，以及保护接地导体PE。此外，通过故障电流保护设备RCD保护供电线路L，如果故障电流超出故障电流保护设备RCD的触发值，故障电流保护设备RCD将用户P5与电源分离，作为规定，触发值(额定故障电流)超过6mA。
剩余电流监控模块RCMB和切断设备P4连接在故障电流保护设备RCD和用户P5之间。
剩余电流监控模块RCMB具有检测供电线路L上的剩余电流并将用于评估的测量信号发送至RCMB控制P6的测量电流变换器P9。评估结果以故障信号S8的形式被发送至上级系统控制P8。RCMB控制P6和系统控制P8二者各自生成控制切断设备P4的切断信号S4a、 S4b，切断设备P4分离供电线路L。
切断设备P4包括开关触点K，开关触点K用于分离供电线路L且其起作用的打开行为将被监控。
图2示出用于供电线路L的相导体L1的根据本实用新型的电路设备2。
示出具有三相供电线路L的布置，然而电路设备2可以以类似方式被用于单相供电线路 L中用来识别切断设备P4的闭合开关触点K以及用来识别保护接地导体中断。
根据本实用新型，RCMB控制P6以故障电流控制设备P61被增强，故障电流控制设备P61生成控制第一电子开关单元P11的控制信号图案S11。根据传输的控制信号图案S11，第一电子开关单元P11经由限流电阻R1切换故障电流IF，故障电流IF经由相导体L1和保护接地导体PE流动。该故障电流IF被测量电流变换器P9检测并被RCMB控制P6评估。在故障电流控制单元P61中生成的控制信号图案使得第一电子开关单元P11根据预设控制信号图案S11将故障电流IF接通或切断。如果对应于此控制信号图案S11的故障电流IF被测量电流变换器P9检测到且如果故障电流比较器P62确定该检测到的故障电流IF对应于生成的控制信号图案S11，则认为故障电流IF被识别。这转而被认为是相导体电压(电源电压) UL1(参考图6)存在于导体L1上的指示，因此切断设备P4的待被监控的开关触点K(仍) 被闭合。如果对应开关触点K出于操作原因将被打开，该开关触点K的非起作用的(打开) 行为因此已被识别。然而，如果假定开关触点K出于操作原因将被闭合，则故障电流的识别—等同于电源电压的存在—可被解释为未受损坏的保护接地导体连接PE存在。
在图3中，根据本实用新型的电路设备2被示出用于三相供电线路L。
作为根据本实用新型的图2的电路设备2的增强，第一电子开关单元P11以一定程度增强，使得它包括三个电子开关P11a、P11b、P11c，为每个对应有源相导体L1、L2、L3分配一个电子开关，以经由各个限流电阻R2、R3、R4为三个有源相导体L1、L2、L3中的每个独立地切换人为无源故障电流IFa、IFb、IFc。
此实施例也能够单独地生成控制图案信号S11且因此对于每个有源相导体L1、L2、L3 单独流动的故障电流。此外，通过使用合适的控制信号图案S11，在各个相导体L1、L2、L3上，可以测量频率和/或可以识别旋转磁场的方向。
图4示出变体中的用于三相供电线路L的根据本实用新型的电路设备2。
始于根据图3的实施例，第一电子开关单元P11以一定程度被简化，使得它包括仅一个开关P11d，该开关P11d经由各个限流电阻R5、R6、R7同时地切换对于所有有源相导体L1、 L2、L3流动的故障电流IFd。
图5示出根据根据图4的变体的用于三相供电线路的根据本实用新型的电路设备，该电路设备通过第二电子开关单元P19增强。
第二电子开关单元P19从故障电流控制单元P61接收第一控制信号S19a和/或从系统控制P8接收第二控制信号S19b，以经由限流电阻R11切换触发电流IA。与经由限流电阻R8、 R9、R10在第一电子开关单元P11中切换的故障电流IFd相比，该触发电流IA显著的较大，从而它使得故障电流保护设备RCD被触发。假设起作用的保护接地导体PE已被先前识别，可以可靠地绝缘供电线路L。
与根据图4的变体类似，可以通过根据图3单独地生成控制信号图案S11而通过第二电子开关单元P19增强该布置。
可以结合单相供电线路L发生通过第二电子开关单元P19的增强。
图6图示地示出如何生成人为无源故障电流IF。
图6的部分a示出相导体电压UL1、UL2、UL3的进展。部分b示出由RCMB控制P6 的故障电流控制单元P61生成的控制信号图案S11的时间进展。图6的部分c示出对应于矩形图案S11的切换的故障电流IF的进展。此故障电流IF通过测量电流变换器P9被检测且使用故障电流比较器P62在RCMB控制P6中被评估，对应故障信号S8被生成。如果此故障信号S8与控制信号图案S11相关联—特别是关于时间进展—如通过彼此比较图6的部分 b和部分c可轻易看到的，可以假定故意生成的人为无源故障电流IF实际上流动。在一方面，则可以证实待被测试的开关触点K仍被闭合且保护接地导体PE是起作用的。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于在单相或多相供电线路(L)中检测闭合开关触点(K)及保护接地导体中断的电路设备(2)，其中，所述单相或多相供电线路(L)具有有源导体(L1、L2、L3、N)、保护接地导体(PE)以及切断设备(P4)，其中所述切断设备(P4)包括所述闭合开关触点(K)；
所述电路设备(2)具有剩余电流监控模块(RCMB)，所述剩余电流监控模块(RCMB)包括用于评估由测量电流变换器(P9)供应的测量信号并生成第一切断信号(S4a)的RCMB控制(P6)，所述测量电流变换器(P9)捕获在供电线路(L)上流动的剩余电流，以及
所述电路设备(2)具有系统控制(P8)，所述系统控制(P8)用于生成第二切断信号(S4b)；
所述切断设备(P4)用于分离有源导体(L1、L2、L3、N)且包括用于接收所述第一切断信号(S4a)和所述第二切断信号(S4b)的信号输入(P41)，以及所述系统控制(P8)连接到所述剩余电流监控模块(RCMB)的RCMB控制(P6)以接收故障信号(S8)，
其特征在于：
所述RCMB控制(P6)包括故障电流控制单元(P61)，所述故障电流控制单元(P61)用于生成控制第一电子开关单元(P11)的控制信号图案(S11)，所述第一电子开关单元(P11)用于切换经由有源导体(L1、L2、L3、N)中的一个或多个和保护接地导体(PE)流动的人为无源故障电流(IF)，
切换的人为无源故障电流(IF)是可设定的，使得人为无源故障电流(IF)被所述剩余电流监控模块(RCMB)检测作为剩余电流但不触发安装在供电线路(L)中的故障电流保护设备(RCD)，以及
所述RCMB控制(P6)包括信令设备(P63)，所述信令设备(P63)发信号通知检测到人为无源故障电流(IF)以及存在起作用的保护接地导体(PE)以及电源电压(UL1、UL2、UL3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于在单相或多相供电线路(L)中检测闭合开关触点(K)及保护接地导体中断的电路设备(2)，其特征在于：
所述RCMB控制(P6)包括故障电流比较器(P62)，所述故障电流比较器(P62)比较由所述测量电流变换器(P9)检测到的故障电流进展和由于控制信号图案(S11)而预期的故障电流进展，以可靠地检测切换的人为无源故障电流(IF)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于在单相或多相供电线路(L)中检测闭合开关触点(K)及保护接地导体中断的电路设备(2)，其特征在于：
在先前识别起作用的保护接地导体(PE)的情况下，所述故障电流控制单元(P61)用于生成第一控制信号(S19a)至第二电子开关单元(P19)，以切换用于触发故障电流保护设备(RCD)的人为触发电流(IA)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于在单相或多相供电线路(L)中检测闭合开关触点(K)及保护接地导体中断的电路设备(2)，其特征在于：
所述系统控制(P8)用于生成第二控制信号(S19b)至第二电子开关单元(P19)，以切换用于触发故障电流保护设备(RCD)的人为触发电流(IA)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于在单相或多相供电线路(L)中检测闭合开关触点(K)及保护接地导体中断的电路设备(2)，其特征在于：
在三相供电线路(L)的情况下，第一电子开关单元(P11)具有三个电子开关(P11a、P11b、P11c)，为每个有源相导体(L1、L2、L3)分配一个电子开关(P11a、P11b、P11c)，以为三个有源相导体(L1、L2、L3)中的每个独立地切换人为无源故障电流。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于在单相或多相供电线路(L)中检测闭合开关触点(K)及保护接地导体中断的电路设备(2)，其特征在于：
所述RCMB控制(P6)包括测量设备(P64)，所述测量设备(P64)用于在有源相导体(L1、L2、L3)上通过控制信号图案(S11)测量电源频率和/或检测旋转磁场的方向。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于在单相或多相供电线路(L)中检测闭合开关触点(K)及保护接地导体中断的电路设备(2)，其特征在于：
在三相供电线路(L)的情况下，第一电子开关单元(P11)具有电子开关(P11d)，所述电子开关(P11d)为三个有源相导体(L1、L2、L3)切换共同的人为无源故障电流。
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CN111474466A (zh) 2020-07-31
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