CN212393600U

CN212393600U - Accurate feeding device for poultry

Info

Publication number: CN212393600U
Application number: CN202021514426.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钟日开; 罗土玉; 黄瑞森; 邓华胜; 王开云; 边锋; 钟伟朝
Original assignee: Guangdong Guangxing Animal Husbandry Machinery Equipment Co ltd; Guangdong Modern Agricultural Equipment Research Institute
Current assignee: Guangdong Guangxing Animal Husbandry Machinery Equipment Co ltd; Guangdong Modern Agricultural Equipment Research Institute
Priority date: 2020-07-27
Filing date: 2020-07-27
Publication date: 2021-01-26
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-27

Abstract

The utility model provides an accurate feeding device of birds, which comprises a frame, be provided with control box, unloading mechanism, material title mechanism, gate mechanism and body title mechanism in the frame, the control box sets up with unloading mechanism the upper portion of frame, the control box is used for control unloading mechanism, material title mechanism, gate mechanism and body title mechanism, unloading mechanism is used for throwing in the fodder in the material title is constructed, material title mechanism, gate mechanism and body title mechanism set up in parallel the lower part of frame, gate mechanism sets up between material title mechanism and the body title mechanism, be provided with gate switch inductor in the frame of gate mechanism one side, be used for the response the state of gate mechanism. The utility model discloses can realize the automatic accurate feeding of poultry, and possess the multinomial function.

Description

Accurate feeding device for poultry

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a poultry equipment technical field of feeding, concretely relates to accurate feeding device of birds.

Background

The breeding industry is one of the main economic development ways in China, the grasp of the breeding feeding technology is one of the skills which must be mastered, and the scientific feeding method can greatly increase the yield and the breeding benefit.

Most of the existing livestock breeding industry adopts an artificial feeding mode or a semi-automatic feeding mode, wherein the artificial feeding mode is that feed is conveyed to a shed of a livestock and poultry house through a trolley and is manually added into a trough after being dismounted; the semi-automatic feeding mode is to add the foodstuff to automatic control equipment, and the manual work is carried out and is controlled the unloading on the spot, and these methods intensity of labour is big, and is inefficient, and the fodder is unrestrained rate big, and current feeding equipment function is more single, can't satisfy the demand.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses to the problem that the aforesaid pointed out, aim at providing an accurate feeding device of birds, can realize the automatic accurate feeding to the poultry, and possess the multinomial function.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

accurate feeding device of birds, which comprises a frame, be provided with control box, unloading mechanism, material in the frame and call mechanism, gate mechanism and body and call mechanism, the control box sets up with unloading mechanism the upper portion of frame, the control box is used for control unloading mechanism, material call mechanism, gate mechanism and body call mechanism, unloading mechanism is used for throwing in the fodder call in the mechanism, material call mechanism, gate mechanism and body call mechanism set up in parallel the lower part of frame, gate mechanism sets up between material call mechanism and the body call mechanism, be provided with gate switch inductor in the frame of gate mechanism one side for the response the state of gate mechanism.

Further, the blanking mechanism comprises a hopper, a feeding hole, a cover plate and a conveying mechanism, the hopper is arranged on the rack, the feeding hole and the cover plate are arranged at the upper end of the hopper, and the conveying mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the hopper and used for conveying feed entering the conveying mechanism from the hopper to the material weighing mechanism.

Further, conveying mechanism includes unloading pipeline, hob, unloading motor, unloading box and discharge gate, the unloading pipeline transversely sets up the hopper bottom, the hob sets up in the unloading pipeline, the unloading motor sets up the one end of unloading pipeline, the unloading box sets up the other end of unloading pipeline, the discharge gate sets up the bottom of unloading box.

Further, the bottom of the blanking box is also detachably provided with a material guide plate.

Further, the material weighing mechanism comprises a bracket, a material retransmission sensor, a trough, a connecting piece and a fixing piece, wherein the material retransmission sensor is arranged at the upper end of the bracket, the bracket is connected with the rack through the material retransmission sensor, the trough is arranged on the bracket, the connecting piece is arranged on two sides of the trough, and the fixing piece is arranged on two sides of the bracket and correspondingly connected with the connecting piece.

Further, gate-gate mechanism includes spacing guide arm, gate, pulley and elevating system, spacing guide arm sets up on the lower part of frame, the gate sets up on the spacing guide arm, the pulley sets up on the both sides of gate, the gate pass through the pulley with spacing guide arm sliding connection, elevating system sets up one side of gate, elevating system is used for driving the gate along spacing guide arm reciprocates.

Further, elevating system includes mount pad, motor, eccentric cam and lever, the mount pad sets up in the frame, the motor sets up on one side of mount pad, eccentric cam with the lever sets up on the opposite side of mount pad, eccentric cam with the output shaft of motor, lever one end with the gate is connected, the other end with eccentric cam is connected.

Furthermore, the top end of the gate is provided with a first rolling bearing and is connected with a rod at one end, far away from the eccentric cam, of the lever through the first rolling bearing, and a second rolling bearing is arranged at one end, close to the eccentric cam, of the lever and is connected with the eccentric cam through the second rolling bearing.

Furthermore, the body weighing mechanism comprises a frame, a bottom plate, a food intake port, a weight sensor and an antenna magnetic ring, wherein the weight sensor is arranged at the upper end of the frame, the frame is connected with the rack through the weight sensor, the bottom plate is detachably arranged at the bottom of the frame, the food intake port is arranged on the rear end face of the frame, and the antenna magnetic ring is arranged on one side face of the frame.

Further, still be provided with status light, wireless transmitter and side door in the frame, the status light sets up on the top of frame lower part, wireless transmitter sets up on the upper portion top of frame, the side door can set up with opening and shutting the both sides on frame upper portion.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses possess following beneficial effect:

(1) blanking mechanism: through set up feed inlet and apron in the top of hopper, be applicable to automatic material conveying and manual reinforced, can select different feeding modes according to different demands, through set up conveying mechanism in the hopper bottom, can carry out accurate unloading according to the volume of feeding of different poultry and feed, realize the science and feed, improve the benefit of breeding.

(2) Material weighing mechanism: through setting up material weight sensor on the bracket, can carry out real-time supervision to the unloading volume, prevent many unloading or few unloading, through set up corresponding connection piece and stationary blade on silo and bracket, the connection piece can be dismantled and hang on the stationary blade, can conveniently dismantle the silo and come out washing or disinfection.

(3) A door lock mechanism: through setting up elevating system, spacing guide arm and gate, elevating system includes mount pad, motor, eccentric cam and lever, and the motor drives eccentric cam and rotates, and eccentric cam makes the gate rise or descend through the lever, can prevent to rob food or feed at the feed supplement in-process because of many poultry when the feed supplement, and lead to the feed supplement to produce the error, improves the precision of ration feeding.

(4) Body weighing mechanism: the bottom plate is connected with the frame in a detachable connection mode, so that the bottom plate can be conveniently detached for cleaning and disinfection, and the increase of errors of weight measurement data due to sediment accumulation is prevented; by arranging the weight sensor on the top end of the frame, damage to the weight sensor during cleaning or sterilization can be reduced; the antenna magnetic ring is arranged on the side face of the frame, the antenna magnetic ring amplifies signals to enable the frame to form a two-dimensional antenna, chips carried on feet of poultry can be scanned and read, and accordingly identity information of the poultry is identified.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the blanking mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the material weighing mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a door lock mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the weighing mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the conveying mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the lifting mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the material guiding plate of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

1. A frame; 2. a control box; 3. a blanking mechanism; 4. a material weighing mechanism; 5. a door lock mechanism; 6. a body weighing mechanism; 7. a gate switch sensor; 8. a material guide plate; 9. a first rolling bearing; 10. a second rolling bearing; 11. a status light; 12. a wireless transmitter; 13. a side door; 31. a hopper; 32. a feed inlet; 33. a cover plate; 34. a conveying mechanism; 41. a bracket; 42. a material retransmission sensor; 43. a trough; 44. connecting sheets; 45. a fixing sheet; 51. a limiting guide rod; 52. a gate; 53. a pulley; 54. a lifting mechanism; 61. a frame; 62. a base plate; 63. a feeding port; 64. a body weight sensor; 65. an antenna magnetic loop; 341. a blanking pipeline; 342. a screw rod; 343. a blanking motor; 344. discharging the material box; 345. a discharge port; 541. a mounting seat; 542. a motor; 543. an eccentric cam; 544. a lever.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

It will be understood that when an element/feature is referred to as being "disposed on" another element/feature, it can be directly on the other element/feature or intervening elements/features may also be present. When a component/part is referred to as being "connected/coupled" to another component/part, it can be directly connected/coupled to the other component/part or intervening components/parts may also be present. The term "connected/coupled" as used herein may include electrical and/or mechanical physical connections/couplings. The term "comprises/comprising" as used herein refers to the presence of features, steps or components/features, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps or components/features. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and to distinguish similar objects, and there is no order of precedence between the two, and no indication or implication of relative importance is to be inferred. In addition, in the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

Referring to fig. 1-2, the precise poultry feeding device includes a frame 1, a control box 2, a blanking mechanism 3, a material weighing mechanism 4, a gate mechanism 5 and a body weighing mechanism 6 are disposed on the frame 1, the control box 2 and the blanking mechanism 3 are disposed on the upper portion of the frame 1, the control box 2 is used for controlling the blanking mechanism 3, the material weighing mechanism 4, the gate mechanism 5 and the body weighing mechanism 6, the blanking mechanism 3 is used for feeding fodder onto the material weighing mechanism 4, the gate mechanism 5 and the body weighing mechanism 6 are disposed on the lower portion of the frame 1 in parallel, the gate mechanism 5 is disposed between the material weighing mechanism 4 and the body weighing mechanism 6, and a gate switch sensor 7 is disposed on the frame 1 on one side of the gate mechanism 5 and used for sensing the state of the gate mechanism 5.

Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, the feeding mechanism 3 includes a hopper 31, a feeding opening 32, a cover plate 33, and a conveying mechanism 34, the hopper 31 is disposed on the frame 1, the feeding opening 32 and the cover plate 33 are disposed at the upper end of the hopper 31, and the conveying mechanism 34 is disposed at the bottom of the hopper 31 for conveying the fodder entering the conveying mechanism 34 from the hopper 31 to the material weighing mechanism 4. The feed port 32 may be used for automatic feeding.

Referring to fig. 7, in some embodiments, the conveying mechanism 34 includes a discharging pipe 341, a screw 342, a discharging motor 343, a discharging box 344, and a discharging port 345, the discharging pipe 341 is transversely disposed at the bottom of the hopper 31, the screw 342 is disposed in the discharging pipe 341, the discharging motor 343 is disposed at one end of the discharging pipe 341, the discharging box 344 is disposed at the other end of the discharging pipe 341, and the discharging port 345 is disposed at the bottom of the discharging box 344.

Referring to fig. 9, in some embodiments, a material guide plate 8 is detachably disposed at the bottom of the blanking box 344. The material guide plate 8 is fixed at the bottom of the blanking box 344 through a pin shaft and can be reversely installed during material cleaning; when clearing the fodder in the upper blanking box 344, if the feeding device is installed in the forward direction, a plastic bag is usually placed at the end of the material guide plate 8 to receive the fodder left to be cleared, the plastic bag can press the material groove 43 below to influence the accuracy of the material weighing mechanism 4, and if the feeding device is installed in the reverse direction, the plastic bag can receive the fodder left to be cleared in a large peripheral space, so that the feeding device is simple and convenient and is not easy to influence the accuracy of the material weighing mechanism 4.

Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the material weighing mechanism 4 includes a bracket 41, a material retransmission sensor 42, a trough 43, a connecting sheet 44, and a fixing sheet 45, the material retransmission sensor 42 is disposed at the upper end of the bracket 41, the bracket 41 is connected to the rack 1 through the material retransmission sensor 42, the trough 43 is disposed on the bracket 1, the connecting sheet 44 is disposed on both sides of the trough 43, the fixing sheet 45 is disposed on both sides of the bracket 41 and correspondingly connected to the connecting sheet 44, the trough 43 is hung on the fixing sheet 45 through the connecting sheet 44, and when cleaning or sterilization is required, the trough 43 can be directly detached for cleaning and sterilization. The silo 43 can select for use different silos 43 according to the poultry of difference, and the silo 43 of available eccentric formula is shorter like the neck of chicken, and the upper portion of eccentric formula silo 43 is vertical setting, and the fodder splashes and is extravagant when can preventing the chicken from adopting the food.

Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the gate mechanism 5 includes a limit guide 51, a gate 52, a pulley 53, and a lifting mechanism 54, the limit guide 51 is disposed on the lower portion of the frame 1, the gate 52 is disposed on the limit guide 51, the pulley 53 is disposed on both sides of the gate 52, the gate 52 is slidably connected to the limit guide 51 through the pulley 53, the lifting mechanism 45 is disposed on one side of the gate 52, and the lifting mechanism 54 is configured to drive the gate 52 to move up and down along the limit guide 51.

Referring to fig. 8, in some embodiments, the lifting mechanism 54 includes a mounting seat 541, a motor 542, an eccentric cam 543, and a lever 544, the mounting seat 541 is disposed on the frame 1, the motor 542 is disposed on one side of the mounting seat 541, the eccentric cam 543 and the lever 544 are disposed on the other side of the mounting seat 541, the eccentric cam 543 is connected to an output shaft of the motor 542, one end of the lever 544 is connected to the shutter 52, and the other end of the lever 544 is connected to the eccentric cam 543.

Referring to fig. 5 and 8, in some embodiments, the top end of the gate 52 is provided with a first rolling bearing 9 and is connected to an end of the lever 544 away from the eccentric cam 543 through the first rolling bearing 9, and an end of the lever 544 close to the eccentric cam 543 is provided with a second rolling bearing 10 and is connected to the eccentric cam 543 through the second rolling bearing 10.

Referring to fig. 6, in some embodiments, the body-weighing mechanism 6 includes a frame 61, a bottom plate 62, a food intake 63, a weight sensor 64, and an antenna magnetic ring 65, the weight sensor 64 is disposed at an upper end of the frame 61, the frame 61 is connected to the rack 1 through the weight sensor 64, the bottom plate 62 is detachably disposed at a bottom of the frame 61, the food intake 63 is disposed at a rear end surface of the frame 61, and the antenna magnetic ring 65 is disposed at a side surface of the frame 61. The bottom plate 62 is detachably connected with the frame 61, and when cleaning or disinfection is needed, the bottom plate 62 can be directly detached for cleaning or disinfection. The antenna magnetic ring 65 is arranged on the side surface of the frame 61 and can amplify signals to enable the frame 61 to form a two-dimensional antenna so as to scan and identify an electronic chip carried by poultry.

Referring to fig. 1-2, in some embodiments, a status light 11, a wireless transmitter 12 and a side door 13 are further disposed on the rack 1, the status light 11 is disposed on a top of a lower portion of the rack 1, the status light 11 can display a status of the device, the status light 11 can send an alarm when a fault occurs, the wireless transmitter 12 is disposed on a top of an upper portion of the rack 1, the wireless transmitter 12 is mainly used for transmitting wireless information, and the side door 13 is openably disposed on two sides of the upper portion of the rack 1.

The specific use and principle are as follows: when feeding is needed, firstly, feed is put into the blanking mechanism 3 and can be put into the hopper 31 from the feed inlet 32, then the feed flows into the blanking pipeline 341 from the bottom of the hopper 31, the blanking motor 343 drives the screw rod 342 to convey the feed in the blanking pipeline 341 to the blanking box 344, then the feed is discharged from the discharge outlet 345 and is put on the feed weighing mechanism 4 through the guide plate 8, the feed weighing mechanism 4 is provided with the feed re-transmission sensor 42 and the trough 43, the feed re-transmission sensor 42 can accurately measure the feeding amount, different poultry have different feeding amounts, the feed weighing mechanism 4 can accurately measure the feeding amount, the trough 43 stores the feed for feeding the poultry, when the poultry want to eat, the poultry need to enter the body weighing mechanism 6 and can feed in the trough 43 through the gate mechanism 5, the body weighing mechanism 6 is provided with the weight sensor 64, The weight sensor 64 can measure the weight of the poultry, the antenna magnetic ring 65 amplifies signals to form a two-dimensional antenna on the frame 61, the two-dimensional antenna can scan an electronic chip carried on the feet of the poultry to check the identity information of the poultry, the food intake 63 is used for food intake, the gate mechanism 5 comprises a gate 52 and a lifting mechanism 54, the lifting mechanism 54 comprises a motor 542, an eccentric cam 543 and a lever 544, the output shaft of the motor 542 drives the eccentric cam 543 to rotate, because the eccentric cam 543 takes the output shaft of the motor 542 as a rotation center, the eccentric cam 543 can drive the lever 544 along with the rotation of the eccentric cam 543, one end of the lever 544 can drive the gate 52 to ascend and descend, when the gate 52 ascends during material supplement, the poultry can be prevented from being eaten during the material supplement process, and the accuracy of the material weighing mechanism 4 is affected, the feeding error is caused, the precise feeding can not be realized, the gate 52 descends after the feeding is finished, and the poultry can feed the feed in the trough 43 through the feed intake 63 and the gate 52 of the body weighing mechanism 6.

The feeding mechanism 3 of the utility model is suitable for automatic feeding and manual feeding by arranging the feeding port 32 and the cover plate 33 above the hopper 31, different feeding modes can be selected according to different requirements, and the conveying mechanism 34 is arranged at the bottom of the hopper 31, so that accurate feeding can be carried out according to the feeding amount of different poultry, scientific feeding is realized, and the breeding income is improved; the material weighing mechanism 4 can monitor the blanking amount in real time by arranging the material weight sensor 42 on the bracket 41, so as to prevent more blanking or less blanking, and the connecting sheet 44 and the fixing sheet 45 are arranged on the trough 43 and the bracket 41 correspondingly, so that the connecting sheet 44 can be detachably hung on the fixing sheet 45, and the trough 43 can be detached, cleaned and disinfected conveniently; the gate mechanism 5 is provided with a lifting mechanism 54, a limiting guide rod 51 and a gate 52, the lifting mechanism 54 comprises a mounting seat 541, a motor 542, an eccentric cam 543 and a lever 544, the motor 542 drives the eccentric cam 543 to rotate, and the eccentric cam 543 enables the gate 52 to ascend or descend through the lever 544, so that errors in feeding caused by robbing of a plurality of poultry or feeding in the feeding process can be prevented, and the accuracy of quantitative feeding is improved; the body weighing mechanism 6 can conveniently disassemble the bottom plate 62 for cleaning and disinfection by connecting the bottom plate 62 with the frame 61 in a detachable connection mode, and can also prevent the increase of measurement data errors caused by silt accumulation; by disposing the weight sensor 64 on the top end of the frame 61, damage to the weight sensor 64 during washing or sterilization can be reduced; by arranging the antenna magnetic ring 65 on the side surface of the frame 61, the antenna magnetic ring 65 amplifies signals to form a two-dimensional antenna for the frame 61, so that chips carried on feet of poultry can be scanned and read, and further, the identity information of the poultry is identified.

The above, only be the concrete implementation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art is in the technical scope of the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and the utility model, the concept of which is equivalent to replace or change, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Accurate feeding device of birds, a serial communication port, which comprises a frame, be provided with control box, unloading mechanism, material and call mechanism, gate mechanism and body and call mechanism in the frame, the control box sets up with unloading mechanism the upper portion of frame, the control box is used for control unloading mechanism, material call mechanism, gate mechanism and body are called the mechanism, unloading mechanism is used for throwing in the fodder material calls in the mechanism, material call mechanism, gate mechanism and body are called mechanism and are arranged side by side the lower part of frame, gate mechanism sets up between material call mechanism and the body and call mechanism, be provided with gate switch inductor in the frame of gate mechanism one side for the response the state of gate mechanism.

2. The accurate poultry feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the blanking mechanism comprises a hopper, a feeding port, a cover plate and a conveying mechanism, the hopper is arranged on the frame, the feeding port and the cover plate are arranged at the upper end of the hopper, and the conveying mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the hopper and used for conveying the feed entering the conveying mechanism from the hopper to the material weighing mechanism.

3. The precise poultry feeding device according to claim 2, wherein the conveying mechanism comprises a discharging pipeline, a screw rod, a discharging motor, a discharging box and a discharging port, the discharging pipeline is transversely arranged at the bottom of the hopper, the screw rod is arranged in the discharging pipeline, the discharging motor is arranged at one end of the discharging pipeline, the discharging box is arranged at the other end of the discharging pipeline, and the discharging port is arranged at the bottom of the discharging box.

4. The precise poultry feeding device according to claim 3, characterized in that a material guide plate is detachably arranged at the bottom of the blanking box.

5. The accurate poultry feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the material weighing mechanism comprises a bracket, a material weight sensor, a trough, a connecting piece and a fixing piece, the material weight sensor is arranged at the upper end of the bracket, the bracket is connected with the rack through the material weight sensor, the trough is arranged on the bracket, the connecting piece is arranged on two sides of the trough, and the fixing piece is arranged on two sides of the bracket and correspondingly connected with the connecting piece.

6. The precise poultry feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the gate mechanism comprises a limit guide rod, a gate, pulleys and a lifting mechanism, the limit guide rod is arranged on the lower portion of the rack, the gate is arranged on the limit guide rod, the pulleys are arranged on two sides of the gate, the gate is in sliding connection with the limit guide rod through the pulleys, the lifting mechanism is arranged on one side of the gate, and the lifting mechanism is used for driving the gate to move up and down along the limit guide rod.

7. The precise poultry feeding device according to claim 6, wherein the lifting mechanism comprises a mounting seat, a motor, an eccentric cam and a lever, the mounting seat is arranged on the frame, the motor is arranged on one side of the mounting seat, the eccentric cam and the lever are arranged on the other side of the mounting seat, the eccentric cam is connected with an output shaft of the motor, one end of the lever is connected with the gate, and the other end of the lever is connected with the eccentric cam.

8. The precise poultry feeding device according to claim 7, wherein the top end of the gate is provided with a first rolling bearing and is connected with one end of the lever far away from the eccentric cam through the first rolling bearing, and one end of the lever close to the eccentric cam is provided with a second rolling bearing and is connected with the eccentric cam through the second rolling bearing.

9. The precise poultry feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the body weighing mechanism comprises a frame, a bottom plate, a feeding port, a weight sensor and an antenna magnetic ring, the weight sensor is arranged at the upper end of the frame, the frame is connected with the rack through the weight sensor, the bottom plate is detachably arranged at the bottom of the frame, the feeding port is arranged on the rear end face of the frame, and the antenna magnetic ring is arranged on one side face of the frame.

10. The accurate feeding device of claim 1, characterized in that a status light, a wireless transmitter and a side door are further arranged on the frame, the status light is arranged at the top of the lower portion of the frame, the wireless transmitter is arranged at the top of the upper portion of the frame, and the side door is arranged at two sides of the upper portion of the frame in an openable and closable manner.