CN212377979U - Solid useless processing system of oxygen deficiency gasification plasma - Google Patents
Solid useless processing system of oxygen deficiency gasification plasma Download PDFInfo
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- CN212377979U CN212377979U CN202020839695.3U CN202020839695U CN212377979U CN 212377979 U CN212377979 U CN 212377979U CN 202020839695 U CN202020839695 U CN 202020839695U CN 212377979 U CN212377979 U CN 212377979U
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- gasification melting
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a less oxygen gasification plasma solid waste treatment system, which comprises a belt conveyor, a lock tank, a rotary feeder, a plasma gasification melting reaction furnace, a waste heat recovery boiler, an alkaline washing tower, a wet electric precipitator, a draught fan and a gas holder; solid garbage is transferred into a locking tank through a belt conveyor, an outlet of the locking tank is connected with the upper part of a plasma gasification melting reaction furnace through a rotary feeder, a gas inlet in the middle of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace is connected with an oxygen steam pipeline, liquid slag at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace is connected with a slag discharging chute through a slag discharging port, and oxygen deficiency gasification reaction occurs in the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace to generate synthesis gas. The utility model discloses integrated as an organic whole with gasification, melting, two combustion chambers, cancelled the setting of the rearmounted two combustion chambers of conventional incinerator, make solid useless processing technology more succinct, deal with the flow and obtain optimizing, deal with efficiency and can improve, energy recovery rate is showing and is promoting.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a danger is useless, the useless innocent treatment technical field admittedly, and more specifically says, relates to a solid useless processing system of oxygen deficiency gasification plasma.
Background
Along with the development of society and economy, the living standard of people is higher and higher, the annual solid waste yield of China is higher and higher, the variety is more and more complicated, especially the vigorous development of petrochemical industry, various products are applied to various fields of life, the solid waste generated along with the development is more and more, and the long-term existence of the solid waste can seriously pollute soil and water sources and cause irreversible influence on the environment.
In recent years, the pollution problem is frequent, and people are frequently warned. The state and related departments also actively set policies to restrict the discharge of industrial and domestic solid wastes and increase the treatment of the solid wastes in different fields, so that the solid waste treatment industry is rapidly developed. Regardless of the type of solid waste to be incinerated, the relevant standards impose strict requirements on the temperature inside the incinerator, the residence time of the flue gas, the amount of thermal ignition, and the like.
From the analysis of the solid waste treatment industry, there are many methods of treatment of solid waste, the most common of which are three, sanitary landfill, incineration and composting. The application of sanitary landfill is the widest; incineration is usually limited to coastal areas; the composting effect is good, but only a certain area is selectively used, and the limitation is large.
Heavy metals in various solid waste incineration flue gases mainly comprise mercury, cadmium, lead and the like and compounds thereof, and oxides and halides formed by high-temperature gasification are volatilized into the flue gases in the incineration process. Heavy metals are easily accumulated in the human body, resulting in chronic poisoning.
Because the dangerous solid waste is directly incinerated or incinerated after gasification and cracking, inorganic nonmetallic substances such as chlorine element, fluorine element, sulfur element and the like contained in the solid can be converted into corresponding acid gas in the flue gas, and the flue gas also contains pollutants such as smoke dust, nitrogen oxide, heavy metal compounds and the like. The direct emission of this portion of the pollutants can have an impact on the local atmospheric environment.
The products of the incineration of the organic matters are gases such as carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and the like; the products of the gasification of organic matters are combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and the like.
Dioxins are residual organic substances in flue gas, and have great influence on environment and human health due to high toxicity, so special attention needs to be paid. The precursor of dioxin includes various chlorobenzene substances, and because the precursor of dioxin and necessary catalyst exist in solid hazardous waste or household garbage, the dioxin can be generated at proper temperature. The optimal generation temperature of the dioxin is 300-500 ℃.
The decomposition of dioxin is generally that the dioxin stays in a hearth for 2 seconds at about 850 ℃, or stays in the hearth for 1 second at about 1000 ℃.
The solid waste can discharge flue gas after the incineration process, and the general incinerator is not beneficial to the complete incineration and decomposition of dioxin substances because the hearth temperature of the general incinerator is controlled to be about 850 ℃, and the flue gas which is not completely decomposed contains dioxin.
In order to reduce the discharge of dioxin-like substances in the solid waste treatment process, a secondary combustion chamber is required to be arranged at the downstream of the flue gas flowing direction of the incinerator for controlling the temperature of the flue gas and increasing the residence time of the flue gas.
The re-synthesis reaction and the precursor heterogeneous catalytic reaction are the main mechanisms for generating dioxin in solid waste incineration. A large number of test results prove that the condition for re-synthesizing the dioxin is carbon, oxygen, chlorine source and transition metal catalysis, and has a specific temperature range of 200-400 ℃. The presence of oxygen is essential in the re-synthesis reaction, and as the oxygen concentration increases, the concentration of dioxin produced in the combustion of solid waste also increases. It was experimentally observed that the dioxin production concentration began to decrease under anoxic conditions.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model lies in providing a solid useless processing system of oxygen deficiency gasification plasma, integrated as an organic whole with gasification, melting, two combustion chambers, cancelled the setting of the rearmounted two combustion chambers of conventional incinerator, make solid useless processing technology succinct, handle the flow and optimize, handle efficiency and can improve, energy recovery rate is showing and is promoting.
The utility model provides a technical scheme that its technical problem adopted is: constructing an oxygen-deficiency gasification plasma solid waste treatment system, which comprises a belt conveyor, a locking tank, a rotary feeder, a plasma gasification melting reaction furnace, a waste heat recovery boiler, an alkaline tower, a wet electric dust collector, an induced draft fan and a gas holder;
solid waste changes over into to the lock jar through the belt feeder, and the lock jar export links to each other through rotary feeder and plasma gasification melting reacting furnace upper portion, plasma gasification melting reacting furnace middle part gas inlet links to each other with oxygen steam pipeline, plasma gasification melting reacting furnace bottom liquid slag is connected through row cinder notch and row's sediment chute, the upper portion gas outlet of plasma gasification melting reacting furnace with waste heat recovery boiler links to each other, the gas holder pass through the draught fan with wet-type electrostatic precipitator links to each other, takes place the reaction of oxygen deficiency gasification in the plasma gasification melting reacting furnace and produces the synthetic gas, and the synthetic gas passes through waste heat recovery boiler and retrieves the heat, then loops through alkaline tower and wet-type electrostatic precipitator and accomplishes after gas purification and store in the gas holder through the draught fan.
In the scheme, a plurality of plasma torches which are positioned on the same plane are uniformly distributed at the lower part of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace, a plurality of uniformly distributed secondary oxidation air nozzles are arranged above the plasma torches, and a plurality of uniformly distributed tertiary oxidation air nozzles are arranged above the secondary oxidation air nozzles.
In the above scheme, the inlet of the wet electric dust collector is provided with a trace oxygen on-line monitor.
In the above scheme, the inlet pipeline of the induced draft fan is provided with the regulating valve.
In the scheme, the lock tank is provided with the nitrogen sealing pipe.
In the scheme, the alkaline tower and the wet electric dust collector are both connected with the sewage circulating tank.
The utility model also provides a solid waste processing method of the solid waste processing system of oxygen deficiency gasification plasma, including the following steps:
step 1: the solid waste is conveyed into a locking tank at the top of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace through a belt conveyor, nitrogen is introduced into the locking tank for sealing, and the solid waste uniformly enters the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace;
step 2: after the solid waste enters a plasma gasification melting reaction furnace, organic matters in the solid waste and oxygen steam are subjected to oxygen-deficient gasification reaction, the oxygen content in the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace is controlled to be lower than 0.5%, and the oxygen steam enters the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace through a secondary oxidation air nozzle and a tertiary oxidation air nozzle in the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace;
and step 3: plasma torches are uniformly distributed at the periphery of a melting zone at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace to generate high-temperature plasma arcs, so that the melting zone at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace is maintained at 1300-1500 ℃, and meanwhile, the solid waste in the furnace is promoted to be pyrolyzed and gasified in an accelerated manner through the high-energy effect of the plasma arcs;
and 4, step 4: inorganic matters of the solid waste enter a melting zone at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace, and the inorganic matters and heavy metals of the solid waste are melted into liquid slag at high temperature;
and 5: organic matters in the solid waste are converted into synthesis gas in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere in the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace, and the temperature of a gas outlet of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace is kept above 1000 ℃;
step 6: the synthesis gas is subjected to heat recovery by a waste heat recovery boiler, then is subjected to gas purification by an alkaline tower and a wet electric dust collector in sequence, and then is stored in a gas holder by a draught fan.
The utility model discloses the combustion of being short of oxygen is gasified promptly and is had better feature of environmental protection, and the tolerance that the burning production needs to be handled is 1/10 that conventional burning needs the tolerance, and pollutant productivity such as nitrogen oxide and sulphide is less than far away in the gas and burns the technology, has energy-efficient characteristic.
Plasma generated in the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace is generated by a plasma torch by adopting 380V alternating current. The plasma temperature can reach 4000-7000 ℃, and the jet velocity exceeds 200 m/s. Under a high-intensity heat source, the activity energy of basic particles is far greater than the action of any intermolecular chemical bond, the microscopic motion of substances is mainly atomic thermal motion, and original substances are broken into atomic substances to destroy harmful components or lose the activity of the harmful components, so that complex substances are converted into simple harmless substances.
Implement the utility model discloses a solid useless processing system of oxygen deficiency gasification plasma has following beneficial effect:
1. the utility model discloses a modified plasma gasification melting technique can turn into the organic matter in the solid useless valuable synthetic gas resource, reduces the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxide by a wide margin, and usable energy in the recovery discarded object realizes minimizing, the resourceization that the waste disposal.
2. The utility model discloses a modified plasma gasification melting technique can make the harmful substance among the solid useless change into the vitreous state material of inertia, has stopped the emission of heavy metal class pollutant, has realized the innoxious of waste disposal.
3. The utility model discloses a high temperature oxygen deficiency burning has restrained harmful substance's such as dioxin regeneration in the synthetic gas, has promoted the further schizolysis of macromolecule organic matters such as tar, and cold coal gas efficiency improves, and the gas emission index reaches international advanced level.
4. The utility model discloses an improvement to the design of plasma gasification melting reacting furnace makes the function that plasma gasification melting reacting furnace exit temperature and dwell time can replace the second combustion chamber completely, and the environment of the interior oxygen deficiency of plasma gasification melting reacting furnace has further suppressed the formation of dioxin for conventional second combustion chamber no longer becomes the must of solid useless processing, and process flow simplifies greatly.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the oxygen deficient gasification plasma solid waste treatment system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the process flow of the solid waste treatment system of the oxygen-deficient gasification plasma of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the utility model discloses the solid useless processing system of oxygen deficiency gasification plasma includes: the device comprises a belt conveyor 2, a locking tank 3, a rotary feeder 4, a plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1, a slag discharge port 5, a waste heat recovery boiler 6, an alkaline washing tower 7, a trace oxygen online monitor 13, a wet electric precipitator 8, a sewage circulating pool 9, an induced draft fan 10, a regulating valve 11, a gas holder 12, a plasma torch 14, a secondary oxidation air nozzle 15 and a tertiary oxidation air nozzle 16.
A plurality of plasma torches 14 which are positioned on the same plane are uniformly distributed at the lower part of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1, a plurality of uniformly distributed secondary oxidation air nozzles 15 are arranged above the plasma torches 14, and a plurality of uniformly distributed tertiary oxidation air nozzles 16 are arranged above the secondary oxidation air nozzles 15.
An inlet of the wet electric precipitator 8 is provided with a trace oxygen on-line monitor 13, an inlet pipeline of the induced draft fan 10 is provided with a regulating valve 11, and a nitrogen sealing pipe is arranged on the lock tank 3. The alkaline tower 7 and the wet electric dust collector 8 are both connected with a sewage circulating tank 9.
As shown in fig. 2, the treatment method of the solid waste treatment system of the oxygen deficiency gasification plasma of the utility model is as follows:
solid waste sends the processing materials into a locking tank 3 at the top of a gas plasma melting reaction furnace 1 through a belt conveyor 2, and nitrogen is introduced into the locking tank 3 through a nitrogen sealing pipe for sealing so as to prevent synthetic gas in the plasma melting reaction furnace 1 from entering the locking tank 3. The plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 provides a space for the reaction of solid waste and an oxidant, and the solid waste is proportioned before entering the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 so as to ensure the good control of the temperature in the furnace.
Solid waste materials with qualified mixture ratio uniformly enter the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 through the lock tank 3 at the top of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1, organic matters and oxygen steam in the solid waste in the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace are subjected to oxygen deficiency gasification reaction, the oxygen content in the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace is lower than 0.5%, and the oxygen content in the synthesis gas is monitored in real time through the trace oxygen on-line monitor 13. And (3) allowing the residual inorganic matters in the solid waste to enter a high-temperature region at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1, wherein the high-temperature region is a melting region at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1, and three plasma torches 14 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace in the circumferential direction to generate high-temperature plasma arcs, so that the melting region at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 can be maintained at 1500 ℃, and the power of the plasma torches 14 can be adjusted on line. Inorganic matters in the solid waste are melted into liquid slag at high temperature, and harmful substances such as heavy metals in the solid waste are wrapped in the liquid slag. The liquid slag becomes inert glass-state material after cooling, and can be used as common building materials.
The gas temperature at the outlet of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 is controlled at 1000 ℃, the expanded upper space ensures that the retention time of the gas in the furnace is ensured to be 3-5s, the higher outlet temperature inhibits the generation of dioxin, and meanwhile, the oxygen-deficient environment further inhibits the re-synthesis of the dioxin. The improved plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 can meet the gas emission index without a rear secondary combustion chamberThe requirements of (1). Monitoring the exhaust gas in the test process to obtain the gas emission data that dioxin is 0.00004-0.26ng-TEQ/m3Sulfur dioxide<5ppm and 69-84ppm of nitrogen oxide, and all indexes are greatly superior to national standards. Tests prove that in the improved high-temperature plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1, the gas emission result after the secondary combustion chamber is cancelled completely meets the requirements of national pollutant emission standards under the oxygen-deficient atmosphere.
Example 2
The utility model discloses another kind of processing method of the solid useless processing system of oxygen deficiency gasification plasma is as follows:
the solid waste is conveyed into a locking tank 3 at the top of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 through a belt conveyor 2, and nitrogen is introduced into the locking tank 3 for sealing so as to prevent the synthetic gas in the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 from entering the locking tank 3. The plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 provides a space for the reaction of solid waste and an oxidant, and the solid waste is proportioned before entering the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 so as to ensure the good control of the temperature in the furnace. Generally, according to the properties of different solid wastes, the solid wastes are blended, the heat value of the solid wastes entering a furnace is adjusted to be not less than 3000Kcal/kg, the water content is not more than 20 percent, and the solid wastes are crushed to 50-100 MM.
Meanwhile, in order to control the melting point of ash to be less than 1500 ℃, a certain proportion of fluxing agent is added into the solid waste treatment material, the main component of the fluxing agent is CaO, and the typical proportion of solid waste and the fluxing agent is 100: 1. Solid waste materials with qualified mixture ratio uniformly enter the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 through the lock tank 3 at the top of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1, waste organic matters and oxygen steam in the solid waste in the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 are subjected to oxygen deficiency gasification reaction, the oxygen content in the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 is lower than 0.5%, and the oxygen content in the synthesis gas is monitored in real time through the trace oxygen on-line monitor 13.
The residual inorganic matters in the solid waste enter a high-temperature zone at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1, wherein the high-temperature zone at the bottom is a melting zone at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1, three plasma torches 14 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace 1 in the circumferential direction to generate high-temperature plasma arc, the melting zone at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace can be maintained at 1300-1500 ℃, and the torch power can be adjusted on line. Inorganic matters in the solid waste are melted into liquid slag at high temperature, and harmful substances such as heavy metals in the solid waste are wrapped in the liquid slag. The liquid slag becomes inert glass-state material after cooling, and can be used as common building materials.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A less-oxygen gasification plasma solid waste treatment system is characterized by comprising a belt conveyor, a locking tank, a rotary feeder, a plasma gasification melting reaction furnace, a waste heat recovery boiler, an alkaline tower, a wet electric dust collector, an induced draft fan and a gas holder;
solid waste changes over into to the lock jar through the belt feeder, and the lock jar export links to each other through rotary feeder and plasma gasification melting reacting furnace upper portion, plasma gasification melting reacting furnace middle part gas inlet links to each other with oxygen steam pipeline, plasma gasification melting reacting furnace bottom liquid slag is connected through row cinder notch and row's sediment chute, the upper portion gas outlet of plasma gasification melting reacting furnace with waste heat recovery boiler links to each other, the gas holder pass through the draught fan with wet-type electrostatic precipitator links to each other, takes place the reaction of oxygen deficiency gasification in the plasma gasification melting reacting furnace and produces the synthetic gas, and the synthetic gas passes through waste heat recovery boiler and retrieves the heat, then loops through alkaline tower and wet-type electrostatic precipitator and accomplishes after gas purification and store in the gas holder through the draught fan.
2. The solid waste treatment system of the underoxygen gasification plasma of claim 1, wherein a plurality of plasma torches located on the same plane are uniformly distributed at the lower part of the plasma gasification melting reaction furnace, a plurality of secondary oxidation nozzles are uniformly distributed above the plasma torches, and a plurality of tertiary oxidation nozzles are uniformly distributed above the secondary oxidation nozzles.
3. The underoxygen gasification plasma solid waste treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the wet electric precipitator inlet is provided with a trace oxygen on-line monitor.
4. The underoxygen gasification plasma solid waste treatment system according to claim 1, wherein an adjusting valve is arranged on the inlet pipeline of the induced draft fan.
5. The underoxygen gasification plasma solid waste treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the lock tank is provided with a nitrogen gas sealing pipe.
6. The underoxygen gasification plasma solid waste treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the caustic tower and the wet electric precipitator are both connected to a sewage circulation tank.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020839695.3U CN212377979U (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Solid useless processing system of oxygen deficiency gasification plasma |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020839695.3U CN212377979U (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Solid useless processing system of oxygen deficiency gasification plasma |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN212377979U true CN212377979U (en) | 2021-01-19 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020839695.3U Expired - Fee Related CN212377979U (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Solid useless processing system of oxygen deficiency gasification plasma |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN212377979U (en) |
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2020
- 2020-05-19 CN CN202020839695.3U patent/CN212377979U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Granted publication date: 20210119 Termination date: 20210519 |