CN212335896U - Ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration - Google Patents

Ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration Download PDF

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CN212335896U
CN212335896U CN202022074361.4U CN202022074361U CN212335896U CN 212335896 U CN212335896 U CN 212335896U CN 202022074361 U CN202022074361 U CN 202022074361U CN 212335896 U CN212335896 U CN 212335896U
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cofferdam
layer
ecological
wetland
soil
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于帅
陈玮
王孔海
何兴元
黄彦青
邬俊财
仲庆林
陈明海
赵文元
张晓东
邬昕彤
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Institute of Applied Ecology of CAS
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Institute of Applied Ecology of CAS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

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Abstract

The utility model discloses an ecological cofferdam suitable for ecological recovery of wetland relates to the ecological recovery technical field of wetland, can include: the cofferdam comprises a cofferdam main body, wherein the cofferdam main body comprises a cofferdam bottom layer and a cofferdam top layer which are arranged from bottom to top, a gabion net cage, a soil layer, a waterproof blanket and a soil foundation layer are sequentially arranged on one side, close to a river channel, of the cofferdam bottom layer from outside to inside, and stones are filled in the gabion net cage; and one side of the top layer of the cofferdam close to the wetland is sequentially provided with an ecological layer, a graded gravel layer, a non-woven geotextile layer and a soil foundation layer from outside to inside. The utility model discloses a regulation and control of habitat to the wetland has reached the purpose of wetland ecological restoration.

Description

Ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a wetland ecological restoration technical field especially relates to an ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration.
Background
The wetland is a transition area with two interfaces of water and land extending alternately, and is a natural body with transition forms of a water area and a land. The wetland is positioned in a crossing area of a land system and a water system and is also an ecological fragile area. In the northeast of China, the regions are in cold climatic zones, and rivers flow into reservoir regions in mountainous regions, so that a plurality of flooding wetlands are formed or artificial reservoir wetland is built due to flat topography. In recent years, as the utilization intensity of the river by human beings is increased, the drainage or damage degree of the river wetland is more and more serious, the area of the wetland is sharply reduced, and the ecological service function is gradually lost. The concrete expression is as follows: the water level of the wetland is reduced, the flood regulation and storage capacity is weakened, and the water purification capacity of the wetland is reduced. Therefore, the research and development are continued, the relevant technologies and control measures are integrated, the problem in the wetland ecological restoration process of the mountain river warehousing area in the northeast region is solved, and the quality and the efficiency of the green water green mountain are improved.
The wetland water level is one of key factors influencing wetland ecological restoration, and the wetland in the area of the warehousing estuary is also the last defense line for the surface-source pollutants to enter the reservoir. The exertion of the ecological function of the region is greatly influenced by reservoir and river water level expansion, so that an ecological cofferdam is established at a proper position of the river warehousing wetland, the wetland water level can be regulated and controlled, and the wetland water quality purification capacity can be improved. The existing cofferdams mostly use reinforced concrete and the like as frames, sand stones, soil and the like are filled in the cofferdams, a large amount of reinforced concrete projects are forbidden in the water source area protection area of the existing warehousing river wetland, and the application of the cofferdams in the area has the following problems: (1) the ecological function is not obvious, the capacity of removing non-point source pollutants is limited only by physical action, and secondary pollution is easy to cause; (2) in the water level regulation process, the absorption and the permeation of water are not obvious, and the necessary 'sponge' function is lacked; (3) the increase of the impervious surface increases the fragmentation degree of the wetland, and is easy to cause the cutting of the plaque.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing an ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration to solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, reached the ecological purpose that restores of wetland through the habitat regulation and control to the wetland.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following scheme: the utility model provides an ecological cofferdam suitable for ecological recovery of wetland, include: the cofferdam comprises a cofferdam main body, wherein the cofferdam main body comprises a cofferdam bottom layer and a cofferdam top layer which are arranged from bottom to top, a gabion net cage, a soil layer, a waterproof blanket and a soil foundation layer are sequentially arranged on one side, close to a river channel, of the cofferdam bottom layer from outside to inside, and stones are filled in the gabion net cage; and one side of the top layer of the cofferdam close to the wetland is sequentially provided with an ecological layer, a graded gravel layer, a non-woven geotextile layer and a soil foundation layer from outside to inside.
Preferably, the ecological layer comprises a plurality of ecological bags, a plurality of drainage pipes and plants, the plurality of ecological bags are arranged in a clearance manner, the drainage pipes are arranged in the clearance among the ecological bags, the first ends of the drainage pipes extend into the graded broken stone layer, the second ends of the drainage pipes extend out of the clearance among the ecological bags, and the second ends of the drainage pipes are provided with geotextile wrapping heads; herbaceous plant seeds are filled in the ecological bag.
Preferably, the gradient of the bottom layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5, and the gradient of the top layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5 or 1:1.
Preferably, the size of stones in the gabion net cage is larger than the size of meshes of the gabion net cage, and the thickness of the gabion net cage is 500 mm; the thickness of the soil layer is 500 mm; the waterproof blanket is a natural sodium bentonite waterproof blanket, and the waterproof blanket is laid in the horizontal direction at the height of 1 m per 10 m; the soil foundation layer of the cofferdam bottom layer is formed by compacting cohesive soil, the virtual paving thickness of each layer of the cohesive soil is 1300mm, and the compaction degree is more than or equal to 0.93.
Preferably, the thickness of the graded crushed stone layer is 500mm, and the mass of the non-woven geotechnical cloth layer is 100g/m2The soil foundation layer on the top layer of the cofferdam is made of clay through compaction, the virtual paving thickness of each layer of the clay is 1300mm, and the compaction degree is more than or equal to 0.93.
Preferably, the top layer of the cofferdam is formed by stacking soil foundation layers, the width of the top layer of the cofferdam is 6-8 m, and plants are planted at the top of the top layer of the cofferdam.
Preferably, shrubs are planted on a slope of one side, close to the river, of the top layer of the cofferdam, a plurality of rows of the shrubs are planted along the horizontal direction of the cofferdam main body, the row spacing between adjacent rows of the shrubs is 3 meters, and the plant spacing between every two adjacent rows of the shrubs is 1 meter.
Preferably, herbaceous plants are planted between adjacent shrubs, the herbaceous plants are planted by adopting seeds, and the planting density of the seeds is 10-20g/m2(ii) a Or the herbaceous plant is planted by adopting seedlings, and the planting density of the seedlings is 15-40 plants/m2；
Preferably, the ratio of the shrub to the herbaceous plant planting area is 3: 7.
Preferably, the shrub is tamarix tarragon, salix mongolica, Japanese apricot, Syringa amurensis, Lonicera japonica, Acer ginnala Maxim, salix integra, Euonymus persica and/or Sambucus williamsii;
the herbaceous plant is Ranunculus, Carex, herba Pterospermi Heterophylli, herba Polygoni Perfoliati, herba Lythrati, and/or herba Artemisiae Scopariae.
The utility model discloses following beneficial technological effect has been gained for prior art:
(1) the ecological cofferdam can be made of local materials, is built by adopting natural soil materials, ecological bags and other hydrophilic materials, has no secondary pollution and obvious ecological functions, increases the hydraulic retention time through the cofferdam, accelerates the biological geochemical cycle processes of nitrification, denitrification rate and the like of nitrogen elements through the absorption and metabolism of plants, and enhances the purification capacity of pollutants;
(2) the ecological cofferdam main body is compacted soil, has strong capability of absorbing seepage water and has a certain 'sponge' function; when the water level of the wetland is lower than the flood control limit water level and the normal water level, the ecological cofferdam can slow down the seepage of the water body of the wetland to the river side through the bottom natural sodium bentonite waterproof blanket and enhance the seepage to the side of the wetland, thereby maintaining the water level of the wetland and protecting the habitat of the wetland; when the water level of the wetland is higher than the normal water level, the ecological cofferdam can rapidly seep out through the drainage pipe and the top soil layer, so that flood erosion and flood disasters are prevented;
(3) the construction of the hydrophilic material keeps the exchange of energy flow and material flow of the original wetland ecosystem, and compared with the prior art, the connectivity of the wetland is enhanced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bottom layer of a cofferdam of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the top layer of the cofferdam of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the drain pipe of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the front vertical surface of the ecological bag of the present invention;
wherein, 1 is the riprap banket, 2 is the gabion box, 3 is the waterproof blanket, 4 is the soil horizon, 5 is the soil foundation layer, 6 is the ecological bag, 7 is the connector link, 8 is the drain pipe, 9 is the graded rubble layer, 10 is the non-woven geotechnological cloth layer, 11 is the geotechnological cloth baotou.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides an ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration, including: the cofferdam comprises a cofferdam main body and a cofferdam main body, wherein the cofferdam main body comprises a cofferdam bottom layer and a cofferdam top layer which are arranged from bottom to top, the cofferdam bottom layer is a semi-permeable layer, and the top layer is a permeable layer; building a position: constructing the cofferdam main body along the contour line direction of the flood control limit water level; height of the bottom layer of the cofferdam: normal water level height; height of the top layer of the cofferdam: historical maximum water level height.
In the embodiment, the gradient of the bottom layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5, and a gabion net cage 2, a soil layer 4, a waterproof blanket 3 and a soil foundation layer 5 are sequentially arranged on one side of the bottom layer of the cofferdam close to a river channel (reservoir) from outside to inside; the thickness of the gabion net cage 2 is 500mm, stones are filled in the gabion net cage 2, the size of the stones in the gabion net cage 2 is larger than the size of meshes of the gabion net cage 2, and the preferable size of the stones filled in the gabion net cage is 1.5-2 times of the size of the meshes; the thickness of the soil layer 4 is 500 mm; the waterproof blanket 3 is a natural sodium bentonite waterproof blanket 3, and the waterproof blanket 3 is laid in the horizontal direction every 10 meters with 1 meter empty; the soil foundation layer 5 at the bottom layer of the cofferdam is made by compacting cohesive soil, the virtual paving thickness of each layer of the cohesive soil is 1300mm, and the degree of compaction is more than or equal to 0.93.
In this embodiment, the slope of the top layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5 or 1: 1; top layer of cofferdamAn ecological layer, a graded gravel layer 9, a non-woven geotextile layer 10 and a soil foundation layer 5 are sequentially arranged on one side close to the wetland from outside to inside; the ecological layer comprises a plurality of ecological bags 6, drain pipes 8 and plants, the ecological bags 6 are arranged in a plurality of gaps, the drain pipes 8 are arranged in the gaps among the ecological bags 6, specifically, one drain pipe 8 can be arranged among every 5 ecological bags 6, or the number of the drain pipes can be adjusted according to requirements; the first end of the drain pipe 8 extends into the graded crushed stone layer 9, the second end of the drain pipe extends out of the gap between the ecological bags 6, and the second end of the drain pipe 8 is provided with a geotextile wrapping head 11 to prevent silt or dropped objects from blocking the inside of the drain pipe 8; the ecological bag 6 is filled with herbaceous plant seeds (Ranunculus, Carex, Phoenix dactylifera, Polygonum persicum, Lythra scandens and/or Artemisia capillaris, etc.); the thickness of the graded crushed stone layer 9 is 500mm, and the mass of the non-woven geotextile layer 10 is 100g/m2The soil foundation layer 5 on the top layer of the cofferdam is made by compacting cohesive soil, the virtual paving thickness of each layer of the cohesive soil is 1300mm, and the degree of compaction is more than or equal to 0.93.
In the embodiment, the top layer of the cofferdam is formed by stacking the soil foundation layer 5, the width of the top layer of the cofferdam is 6-8 m, and plants are planted at the top of the top layer of the cofferdam, wherein the plants can be local native plants.
In the embodiment, shrubs are planted on a slope on one side of the top layer of the cofferdam close to the river channel as a frame, the shrubs are planted in a plurality of rows along the horizontal direction of the cofferdam main body, the row spacing between adjacent rows of shrubs is 3 meters, and the plant spacing between every two adjacent rows of shrubs is 1 meter.
In the embodiment, herbaceous plants are planted between adjacent shrubs, and the herbaceous plants are planted by adopting seeds, wherein the planting density of the seeds is 10-20g/m2(ii) a Or planting the herbaceous plants by adopting seedlings, wherein the planting density of the seedlings is 15-40 plants/m2；
In this example, the ratio of shrub to herbaceous plant planting area was 3: 7.
In this embodiment, the shrub is plants such as tamarix tarragon, tamarix chinensis, Japanese apricot, Syringa amurensis, Lonicera japonica, Acer ginnala Maxim, Salix integra, Euonymus persica and/or Sambucus nigra;
the herb is Ranunculus, Carex, herba Pterospermi Japonici, herba Polygoni Perfoliati, herba Lysimachiae Christinae and/or herba Artemisiae Scopariae.
It should be noted that, as is obvious to a person skilled in the art, the invention is not limited to details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The utility model discloses a concrete example is applied to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the utility model, and the explanation of the above example is only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the utility model; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the field, according to the idea of the present invention, there are changes in the concrete implementation and the application scope. In summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the cofferdam comprises a cofferdam main body, wherein the cofferdam main body comprises a cofferdam bottom layer and a cofferdam top layer which are arranged from bottom to top, a gabion net cage, a soil layer, a waterproof blanket and a soil foundation layer are sequentially arranged on one side, close to a river channel, of the cofferdam bottom layer from outside to inside, and stones are filled in the gabion net cage; and one side of the top layer of the cofferdam close to the wetland is sequentially provided with an ecological layer, a graded gravel layer, a non-woven geotextile layer and a soil foundation layer from outside to inside.
2. The ecological cofferdam applicable to wetland ecological restoration of claim 1, wherein: the ecological layer comprises a plurality of ecological bags, drain pipes and plants, the ecological bags are arranged in a plurality of gaps, the drain pipes are arranged in the gaps among the ecological bags, the first ends of the drain pipes extend into the graded gravel layer, the second ends of the drain pipes extend out of the gaps among the ecological bags, and the second ends of the drain pipes are provided with geotextile caps; herbaceous plant seeds are filled in the ecological bag.
3. The ecological cofferdam applicable to wetland ecological restoration of claim 1, wherein: the gradient of the bottom layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5, and the gradient of the top layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5 or 1:1.
4. The ecological cofferdam applicable to wetland ecological restoration of claim 1, wherein: the size of stones in the gabion net cage is larger than the size of meshes of the gabion net cage, and the thickness of the gabion net cage is 500 mm; the thickness of the soil layer is 500 mm; the waterproof blanket is a natural sodium bentonite waterproof blanket, and the waterproof blanket is laid in the horizontal direction at the height of 1 m per 10 m; the soil foundation layer of the cofferdam bottom layer is formed by compacting cohesive soil, the virtual paving thickness of each layer of the cohesive soil is 1300mm, and the compaction degree is more than or equal to 0.93.
5. The ecological cofferdam applicable to wetland ecological restoration of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the graded crushed stone layer is 500mm, and the mass of the non-woven geotechnical cloth layer is 100g/m2The soil foundation layer on the top layer of the cofferdam is made of clay through compaction, the virtual paving thickness of each layer of the clay is 1300mm, and the compaction degree is more than or equal to 0.93.
6. The ecological cofferdam applicable to wetland ecological restoration of claim 1, wherein: the top layer of the cofferdam is formed by stacking soil foundation layers, the width of the top layer of the cofferdam is 6-8 m, and plants are planted at the top of the top layer of the cofferdam.
7. The ecological cofferdam applicable to wetland ecological restoration of claim 6, wherein: shrubs are planted on a side slope of the top layer of the cofferdam close to one side of the river channel, a plurality of rows of the shrubs are planted along the horizontal direction of the cofferdam main body, the row spacing of the adjacent rows of the shrubs is 3 meters, and the plant spacing of each row of the shrubs is 1 meter.
8. The ecological cofferdam applicable to wetland ecological restoration of claim 7, wherein: herbaceous plants are planted between the adjacent shrubs, the herbaceous plants are planted by adopting seeds, and the planting density of the seeds is 10-20g/m2(ii) a Or the herbaceous plant is planted by adopting seedlings, and the planting density of the seedlings is 15-40 plants/m2。
9. The ecological cofferdam applicable to wetland ecological restoration of claim 8, wherein: the ratio of the shrub to the herbaceous plant planting area is 3: 7.
10. The ecological cofferdam applicable to wetland ecological restoration of claim 9, wherein: the shrub is tamarix tarragon, willow, Japanese apricot, Syringa amurensis, Lonicera japonica, Acer ginnala Maxim, Salix integra, Euonymus persica and/or Sambucus nigra;
the herbaceous plant is Ranunculus, Carex, herba Pterospermi Heterophylli, herba Polygoni Perfoliati, herba Lythrati, and/or herba Artemisiae Scopariae.
CN202022074361.4U 2020-09-21 2020-09-21 Ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration Active CN212335896U (en)

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CN202022074361.4U CN212335896U (en) 2020-09-21 2020-09-21 Ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202022074361.4U CN212335896U (en) 2020-09-21 2020-09-21 Ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration

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