CN212310397U - Quick high-efficient flying dust system of handling of plasma - Google Patents
Quick high-efficient flying dust system of handling of plasma Download PDFInfo
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- CN212310397U CN212310397U CN202020903189.6U CN202020903189U CN212310397U CN 212310397 U CN212310397 U CN 212310397U CN 202020903189 U CN202020903189 U CN 202020903189U CN 212310397 U CN212310397 U CN 212310397U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a system for treating flying ash by plasma rapidly and efficiently, which comprises a flying ash feeding device, a plasma reaction furnace, a non-transferred arc plasma generator, a hollow plasma graphite rod, a bottom electrode, a high-temperature cyclone dust collector, a compression pump and a quenching device; the bottom of the plasma reaction furnace is provided with a fly ash melt outlet which is connected with a quenching device; the discharge hole of the fly ash feeding device is communicated with a plasma flame area of the non-transferred arc plasma generator; the top of the plasma reaction furnace is provided with a gas outlet which is connected with the gas inlet of the high-temperature cyclone dust collector, the gas outlet of the high-temperature cyclone dust collector is connected with the gas inlet of the compression pump, and the gas outlet of the compression pump is connected with the gas circuit of the hollow plasma graphite rod. The quenching device is provided with a steam outlet which is connected with an air inlet of the air extracting pump, and an air outlet of the air extracting pump is connected with an air inlet of the non-transferred arc plasma generator. The utility model discloses can promote the speed of handling the flying dust, and then raise the efficiency, reduce cost, poisonous and harmful gas can thoroughly be decomposed and purify.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the flying dust is handled, concretely relates to flying dust system is handled to plasma high efficiency.
Background
The waste incineration fly ash contains a large amount of harmful heavy metal substances such as Cd (cadmium), Cr (chromium), Ni (nickel), Pb (lead) and the like, and adsorbs a plurality of persistent organic pollutants which are highly toxic and difficult to degrade. Therefore, the waste incineration fly ash is a hazardous waste and must be subjected to stabilization and harmless treatment.
At present, the most commonly used treatment methods of waste incineration fly ash mainly include separation technology, solidification and stabilization technology and heat treatment technology. The plasma technology, which is a new technology widely used in industry in recent years, can also be used for treating waste incineration fly ash, and compared with the conventional heat treatment technology, the thermal plasma technology has higher temperature and energy density, can realize vitrification of the fly ash and inhibit heavy metal migration, and is considered to be one of the most effective ways for harmless treatment of the fly ash.
The invention with application number 201711322108.2 discloses a plasma fly ash treatment device, which has a good technical idea and can treat fly ash with high efficiency and energy saving, but the treatment speed is lower, so that the overall efficiency is lower.
The invention with application number 201710997137.2 discloses a device and a method for manufacturing glass beads by treating fly ash through plasma arc, which mainly aims at improving the value of a glass body formed by cooling after melting, reduces the cost of fly ash treatment by improving the value of a product, and has no great influence on the speed of fly ash treatment.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The not enough of prior art, the utility model provides a quick high-efficient flying dust system of handling of plasma mainly is used for promoting the speed of handling the flying dust, and then raises the efficiency, reduce cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a system for quickly and efficiently treating fly ash by plasma comprises a fly ash feeding device, a plasma reaction furnace, a non-transferred arc plasma generator, a hollow plasma graphite rod, a bottom electrode, a high-temperature cyclone dust collector, a compression pump and a quenching device; the non-transferred arc plasma generator is arranged on the side wall of the plasma reaction furnace; the hollow plasma graphite rod extends into the plasma reaction furnace from the upper part of the plasma reaction furnace, a central through hole of the hollow plasma graphite rod forms a gas path, and the bottom electrode is positioned at the bottom of the plasma reaction furnace and is opposite to the hollow plasma graphite rod; the bottom of the plasma reaction furnace is provided with a fly ash melt outlet which is connected with a quenching device; the discharge hole of the fly ash feeding device is communicated with a plasma flame area of the non-transferred arc plasma generator; the top of the plasma reaction furnace is provided with a gas outlet which is connected with the gas inlet of the high-temperature cyclone dust collector, the gas outlet of the high-temperature cyclone dust collector is connected with the gas inlet of the compression pump, and the gas outlet of the compression pump is connected with the gas circuit of the hollow plasma graphite rod.
Further, the non-transferred arc plasma generator comprises a cathode, an anode and insulating ceramics, wherein one end of the anode is provided with a notch, the end of the anode is connected with the insulating ceramics, the cathode penetrates through the insulating ceramics, one end of the cathode is positioned in the notch, the insulating ceramics are provided with a feed inlet and an air inlet, the anode is provided with a plasma jet port, and the feed inlet, the air inlet and the plasma jet port are respectively communicated with a cavity among the cathode, the anode and the insulating ceramics; the feed inlet of the non-transferred arc plasma generator is connected with the discharge outlet of the fly ash feeding device.
Furthermore, the quenching device comprises a quenching water tank, a steam outlet is arranged at the top of the quenching water tank and connected with the air inlet of the air pump, and the air outlet of the air pump is connected with the air inlet of the non-transferred arc plasma generator.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a pressure detection device for measuring the pressure in the plasma reaction furnace and a tail gas treatment system connected with a gas outlet of the plasma reaction furnace, and a valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the gas outlet and the tail gas treatment system. When the pressure detection device detects that the pressure in the reaction furnace is overhigh, the valve is opened, the gas in the furnace enters the tail gas treatment system, and the valve is closed after the pressure in the furnace is normal. The tail gas treatment system comprises a secondary combustion chamber, a high-temperature cyclone dust collector, a heat exchanger, a bag-type dust collector, an acid gas absorption tower, an activated carbon adsorption tower, a variable frequency fan and a chimney which are sequentially connected.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model have following advantage:
(1) the utility model discloses just heat the flying dust to half molten state in the twinkling of an eye at first stage with the non-transfer arc plasma generator of interior feeding formula, can carry out flash to the flying dust and handle, greatly increased the processing speed of flying dust.
(2) The utility model discloses still carry out the secondary treatment with transferring arc plasma generator to the flying dust after flash is handled, further promoted the effect that the flying dust was handled.
(3) The non-transferred arc plasma generator only heats the fly ash to a semi-melting state, so that electric energy can be effectively saved, and the transferred arc plasma generator only heats the semi-melting fly ash to a melting state, so that the electric energy to be consumed is small.
(4) The non-transferred arc plasma generator utilizes high-temperature water vapor formed by the quenching device as a plasma medium, so that waste gas can be utilized, and energy of the water vapor heated from normal temperature to high temperature can be saved.
(5) Because the waste gas is recycled as the plasma gas medium, the residual toxic and harmful gas can be thoroughly decomposed and purified after being ionized into high-temperature plasma.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a non-transferred arc plasma generator;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a feeding device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention mainly comprises: the device comprises a plasma reaction furnace 1, a feeding device 2, a hollow plasma graphite rod 3, a non-transferred arc plasma generator 4, a high-temperature exhaust gas pipe 5, a high-temperature cyclone dust collector 6, a compression pump 7, a quenching water tank 9, an air suction pump 10, a steam pipe 11, a fly ash melt 14, a bottom electrode 15, a valve 16, a tail gas treatment system 17 and a power supply system. The bottom of the plasma reaction furnace 1 is provided with a fly ash melt outlet 8. The non-transferred arc plasma generator 4 generates a plasma torch 12. A plasma torch 13 is generated between the hollow plasma graphite rod 3 and the fly ash melt 14.
The power supply system provides the required current and voltage for the whole system. The power supply system comprises a direct current rectification power supply and a high-frequency arc starting power supply, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current rectification power supply are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the plasma generator. The direct current power supply outputs current, a gas medium is introduced into an air inlet of the plasma generator, a high-frequency arc starting power supply applies high-frequency voltage between the cathode and the anode, the gas medium between the electrodes is instantaneously broken down to generate electric arcs, then the direct current rectification power supply outputs stable direct current to maintain the stability of the electric arcs, the gas medium is continuously fed in, the gas medium is ionized into high-temperature plasma under the action of the high-frequency voltage and the electric arcs, and the high-temperature plasma torch is formed by spraying the high-temperature plasma from a nozzle. The high-frequency voltage used was 15000V. The properties of the gaseous medium are different and the properties of the high temperature plasma formed are different.
The furnace body of the plasma reaction furnace 1 is provided with a first refractory material layer, a heat insulation material layer, a second refractory material layer and a steel body layer from inside to outside in sequence. Air cooling channels are arranged between the first refractory material layer and the heat insulation material layer and between the heat insulation material layer and the second refractory material layer, the steel body layer is a steel body layer with a cooling jacket, and a water inlet connector and a water outlet connector are arranged on the outer wall of the steel body layer. So set up, the difference that furnace body temperature and outside ambient temperature can be guaranteed to the water cooling jacket is not higher than the actual temperature of environment. The refractory material prevents sintering and protects the furnace. The heat insulation material is used for preventing the heat in the furnace from diffusing and transferring to the outside of the furnace. The heat of the air cooling channel and the heat of the interlayer are exchanged, so that the heat of the interlayer of the furnace body is timely transferred out for secondary utilization. The refractory material is selected from mullite or small C brick. An insulating sleeve is arranged between the anode of the plasma generator and the furnace body.
The feeding device 2 comprises a bin 2-1, a rotating shaft 2-2 is arranged in the bin 2-1, stirring blades 2-3 are arranged on the rotating shaft 2-2, a feeding screw rod 2-4 is arranged at the bottom of the rotating shaft 2-2, and the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 2-2 is controlled by a motor 2-5. The fly ash enters a bin 2-1, and the fly ash after being stirred is sent to a feed inlet of a non-transferred arc plasma generator 4 by a feeding screw rod 2-4 through the transmission of a rotating shaft 2-2. The gas medium carries the fly ash 2-6 into the plasma torch 12. During operation, the feeding speed is calculated by the weight of the metering bin 2-1, and the feeding amount is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor 2-5. The fly ash 2-6 can be added with silicon dioxide powder to make fly ash easy to vitrify.
The non-transferred arc plasma generator 4 includes: cathode 41, insulating ceramic 42, anode 44. The anode 44 has a notch at one end, the end is connected with the insulating ceramic 42, the cathode 41 penetrates through the insulating ceramic 42, one end is located in the notch, the insulating ceramic 42 is provided with a feed inlet 43 and a gas inlet 46, the anode 44 is provided with a plasma jet orifice 45, and the feed inlet 43, the gas inlet 46 and the plasma jet orifice 45 are respectively communicated with the cavity among the cathode 41, the anode 44 and the insulating ceramic 42. The cathode or the anode can be provided with a cooling channel according to the requirement to cool the cathode or the anode. The cathode 41 is made of tungsten alloy; the insulating ceramic 42 is made of high-temperature-resistant insulating ceramic material, mainly alumina; feed port 43 is a feed structure designed on anode 44; the material of the anode 44 is a copper alloy.
When the system starts to operate, nitrogen is introduced into the gas inlet 46, the nitrogen is broken down under the action of high-frequency voltage to form electric arc, the nitrogen is continuously introduced, the nitrogen is ionized into plasma under the action of the high-frequency voltage and the electric arc, and the plasma is ejected from the plasma ejection port 45 of the non-transferred arc plasma generator 4 to form the high-temperature plasma torch 12. The flying ash gets into feed inlet 43 through feed arrangement 2, is carried to plasma torch 12 region by nitrogen gas, because the flying ash particle diameter is minimum, under the effect of high temperature plasma torch 12, just can be heated to the melting state in the twinkling of an eye, in order to make the flying ash particle send out non-transfer arc plasma generator 4, makes the flying ash fuse-element not be stained with plasma jet orifice 45, the utility model discloses reduce plasma power, plasma torch 12 temperature is 900 and gives other with one's lessons with one.
The semi-molten fly ash falls into the plasma reaction furnace 1, and forms a transferred arc plasma generator with the hollow plasma graphite rod 3 and the bottom electrode 15. High-temperature tail gas (containing carbon gas, acid gas and particles) generated in the plasma reaction furnace 1 enters a high-temperature cyclone dust collector 6 through a high-temperature exhaust gas pipe 5 to be filtered, particle impurities in the high-temperature cyclone dust collector are removed, and then the high-temperature tail gas is given certain power by a compression pump 7 and enters a gas path of the hollow plasma graphite rod 3 as a gas medium of a transferred arc plasma generator. A plasma torch 13 is formed between the hollow plasma graphite rod 3 and the semi-molten fly ash, the temperature is 1200-1600 ℃, and the fly ash in the semi-molten state is heated to the molten state.
The fly ash melt enters a quenching water tank 9 from a fly ash melt outlet 8, a fly ash glass body is formed by quenching, a large amount of water vapor is generated in the quenching process, and the water vapor enters a non-transferred arc plasma generator 4 as a gas medium through a vapor pipe 11 to form a plasma torch 12 for heating the fly ash.
The steam pipe 11 and the high-temperature exhaust gas pipe 5 can be provided with turbo superchargers to ensure that the pipeline pressure is 0.6-0.7 MPa. The used pipelines are all high temperature resistant pipelines.
If the gas medium quantity of the plasma generator is not enough, nitrogen can also be introduced.
A conventional pressure detection device is arranged in the plasma reaction furnace 1, a gas outlet is also connected with a tail gas treatment device, when the pressure detection device detects that the pressure in the reaction furnace is overhigh, a valve is opened, the gas in the furnace enters a tail gas treatment system, and the valve is closed after the pressure in the furnace is normal. Conveying the tail gas into a secondary combustion chamber, removing carbon residue by adopting mixed combustion of fuel and air or oxygen, then entering a high-temperature cyclone dust collector to remove large-particle substances, cooling to below 200 ℃ through a heat exchanger, sequentially entering a bag-type dust collector to remove small-particle substances in the tail gas, removing acid gas through an acid gas absorption tower, removing Hg vapor and NOx pollutants in the tail gas through an active carbon absorption tower, and finally discharging to the atmosphere through a variable frequency fan and a chimney.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A system for quickly and efficiently treating fly ash by plasma is characterized by comprising a fly ash feeding device, a plasma reaction furnace, a non-transferred arc plasma generator, a hollow plasma graphite rod, a bottom electrode, a high-temperature cyclone dust collector, a compression pump and a quenching device; the non-transferred arc plasma generator is arranged on the side wall of the plasma reaction furnace; the hollow plasma graphite rod extends into the plasma reaction furnace from the upper part of the plasma reaction furnace, a central through hole of the hollow plasma graphite rod forms a gas path, and the bottom electrode is positioned at the bottom of the plasma reaction furnace and is opposite to the hollow plasma graphite rod; the bottom of the plasma reaction furnace is provided with a fly ash melt outlet which is connected with a quenching device; the discharge hole of the fly ash feeding device is communicated with a plasma flame area of the non-transferred arc plasma generator; the top of the plasma reaction furnace is provided with a gas outlet which is connected with the gas inlet of the high-temperature cyclone dust collector, the gas outlet of the high-temperature cyclone dust collector is connected with the gas inlet of the compression pump, and the gas outlet of the compression pump is connected with the gas circuit of the hollow plasma graphite rod.
2. The system for rapid and efficient plasma treatment of fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the non-transferred arc plasma generator comprises a cathode, an anode and an insulating ceramic, wherein one end of the anode is provided with a notch, the end of the anode is connected with the insulating ceramic, the cathode penetrates through the insulating ceramic, one end of the cathode is positioned in the notch, the insulating ceramic is provided with a feed inlet and a gas inlet, the anode is provided with a plasma jet outlet, and the feed inlet, the gas inlet and the plasma jet outlet are respectively communicated with the cathode, the anode and a cavity between the insulating ceramic; the feed inlet of the non-transferred arc plasma generator is connected with the discharge outlet of the fly ash feeding device.
3. The system for rapid and efficient plasma treatment of fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the quenching device comprises a quenching water tank, a water vapor outlet is arranged at the top of the quenching water tank, the water vapor outlet is connected with the air inlet of the air suction pump, and the air outlet of the air suction pump is connected with the air inlet of the non-transferred arc plasma generator.
4. The system for rapidly and efficiently treating fly ash by using plasma according to claim 1, further comprising a pressure detection device for measuring the pressure in the plasma reaction furnace and a tail gas treatment system connected with a gas outlet of the plasma reaction furnace, wherein a valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the gas outlet and the tail gas treatment system.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202020903189.6U CN212310397U (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2020-05-26 | Quick high-efficient flying dust system of handling of plasma |
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| CN202020903189.6U CN212310397U (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2020-05-26 | Quick high-efficient flying dust system of handling of plasma |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113070318A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-07-06 | 宁波市北仑环保固废处置有限公司 | Method and device for innocent treatment of fly ash |
| CN114413400A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-29 | 山东大学 | System and method for purifying air by virtue of steam-water coupling low-temperature plasma |
-
2020
- 2020-05-26 CN CN202020903189.6U patent/CN212310397U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113070318A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-07-06 | 宁波市北仑环保固废处置有限公司 | Method and device for innocent treatment of fly ash |
| CN114413400A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-29 | 山东大学 | System and method for purifying air by virtue of steam-water coupling low-temperature plasma |
| CN114413400B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-03-10 | 山东大学 | System and method for purifying air by virtue of steam-water coupling low-temperature plasma |
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