CN212254401U - Equivalent sampling optical fiber distributed temperature measuring device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model provides an optic fibre distributed temperature measuring device of equivalent sampling, include: the device comprises a laser, an optical pulse modulator, an optical coupler, an optical splitter, an optical filter, a detector, a sampling holder, a signal acquisition module and a processor which are connected in sequence; the processor is also connected with the optical pulse modulator and the stepping delayer, and the stepping delayer is connected with the retainer and the signal acquisition module; the optical coupler is also connected with an optical fiber; the sampling retainer receives a group of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals of the stepping delayer, and samples the electric signal transmitted by the detector to obtain an instantaneous electric signal; the signal acquisition module converts the instantaneous electric signal into a digital signal and then calculates by using a processor to obtain temperature data; the time required by waveform reconstruction is used for reducing the sampling frequency, and the signal acquisition module with the conventional sampling frequency is used for reconstructing the temperature measurement waveform with high spatial resolution, so that the temperature measurement precision is improved, and the system cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an optic fibre distributing type temperature measuring device of equivalent sampling can be used for optic fibre distributing type temperature measurement system, realizes external environment temperature's high spatial resolution and measures.
Background
In the existing optical fiber distributed temperature measurement system, the pulse light output by the laser can be very narrow, even narrow to less than 1ns, and theoretically, the temperature measurement spatial resolution better than 10cm can be obtained (assuming that the transmission rate of the light wave in the optical fiber is 2 x 10^8 m/s). However, to achieve such a high spatial resolution of temperature measurement, the sampling frequency of the signal acquisition module is required to be at least 1 Gsps. The use of such a high-speed signal acquisition module brings many disadvantages to the system.
The inventors have found that, firstly, the dc characteristics of the high-speed signal acquisition module, such as the noise level, are poor, which reduces the temperature measurement accuracy of the system. Secondly, the requirement of the input signal range of the high-speed signal acquisition module is harsh, and the temperature measurement dynamic range of the system can be limited. Finally, high speed signal acquisition modules are often expensive, which increases system cost. Therefore, how to improve the temperature detection accuracy under the condition of low spatial resolution of temperature measurement is an urgent technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides an optical fiber distributed temperature measurement device of equivalent sampling, optical fiber distributed temperature measurement system's measured object physical quantity, ambient temperature is a typical slow signal that becomes, for the sampling time and the single measurement cycle of system, can regard as to remain unchanged in longer time, namely can regard as a repetition signal in a plurality of single measurement cycles. Therefore, by means of the equivalent sampling technology, the time required for reconstructing the waveform is replaced by the reduction of the sampling frequency, and the temperature measurement waveform with high spatial resolution is reconstructed by using the signal acquisition module with the conventional sampling frequency, so that the temperature measurement precision is improved, and the system cost is reduced.
In a first aspect, the utility model provides an optical fiber distributed temperature measurement device of equivalent sampling, include: the device comprises a laser, an optical pulse modulator, an optical coupler, an optical splitter, an optical filter, a detector, a sampling holder, a signal acquisition module and a processor which are connected in sequence; the processor is also connected with the optical pulse modulator and the stepping delayer, and the stepping delayer is connected with the retainer and the signal acquisition module; the optical coupler is also connected with an optical fiber;
the sampling retainer receives a group of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals of the stepping delayer, and samples the electric signal transmitted by the detector to obtain an instantaneous electric signal; the signal acquisition module converts the instantaneous electric signal into a digital signal and then calculates by using a processor to obtain temperature data.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses possess following beneficial effect:
1. the utility model receives a group of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals of the step delayer through the sampling retainer, samples the electric signal transmitted by the detector to obtain an instantaneous electric signal; the signal acquisition module converts the instantaneous electric signal into a digital signal and then calculates by using a processor to obtain temperature data; the problem of how to obtain high-precision temperature measurement data under temperature measurement resolution is solved, and by means of an equivalent sampling technology, the time required for waveform reconstruction is replaced by the reduction of sampling frequency, so that the temperature measurement waveform with high spatial resolution is reconstructed by using a signal acquisition module with conventional sampling frequency, the temperature measurement precision is improved, and the system cost is reduced.
2. The utility model adopts the step delayer to output a group of sampling pulse clusters which have equal time intervals and controllable time difference tn that the initial time lags behind the rising edge of the pulse light and are transmitted to the sampling retainer and the signal acquisition module; in N single measurement periods, temperature measurement data at different moments are obtained and are fused into a group, so that the actual sampling rate is increased by N times, the problem of how to obtain high-precision temperature measurement data under the temperature measurement resolution is solved, and a temperature measurement waveform with high spatial resolution is obtained, so that the temperature measurement precision is improved, and the system cost is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an equivalent sampling optical fiber distributed temperature measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the sample holder of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a timing diagram of the equivalent sampling principle of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example 1
The noun explains:
optical fiber distributed temperature measurement:
the optical fiber distributed temperature measuring system is an optical instrument which takes optical fiber as a sensing medium to measure the ambient temperature, and is the most advanced linear temperature-sensing detector at home and abroad at present. The optical fiber distributed temperature measurement technology realizes the detection of the ambient temperature and the transmission of the measured signal by using a single optical fiber, integrates the functions of sensing and sensing, and comprehensively utilizes the backward Raman scattering effect in the optical fiber and the optical time domain reflection measurement technology to realize the temperature measurement and the space positioning functions at the same time. The optical fiber distributed temperature measurement technology can continuously measure the temperature distribution condition along the optical fiber, and is particularly suitable for long-distance, large-range, high-precision and multipoint real-time temperature measurement.
An optical fiber distributed temperature measurement system is a sensor system for measuring the spatial temperature field distribution in real time. The same optical fiber is used as a sensing and conducting medium of temperature information, the temperature field information of the optical fiber is measured by using the temperature effect of the backward Raman scattering spectrum of the optical fiber, and a measuring point is positioned by using the optical time domain reflection technology of the optical fiber. The system has the advantages of intrinsic safety, corrosion resistance, high voltage resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance, rapid multipoint measurement and positioning and the like, and has wide application field. The temperature monitoring device is used for temperature monitoring in the fields of petroleum engineering, power stations, mines, tunnels, dams and the like.
In the optical fiber distributed temperature measurement system, a laser outputs pulse light, the pulse light is injected from the initial end of an optical fiber, most energy of the pulse light is transmitted to the tail end of the optical fiber and disappears, and a small part of backscattered light waves are reflected back along the optical fiber. According to the temperature effect of Raman scattering spectra and the optical time domain reflection technology, the optical power returned to the incident end is a function of the position of the optical fiber and the ambient temperature. By utilizing the principle, the temperature of the whole optical fiber link can be measured, and meanwhile, the measuring point can be accurately positioned.
Equivalent sampling:
according to Nyqu i st (nyquist) sampling theorem, in order to complete waveform reconstruction of the detected signal, the sampling frequency should be at least 2 times of the highest frequency of the signal. When the sampling frequency of the acquisition module cannot meet the sampling theorem, the equivalent sampling technology can be utilized to sacrifice the real-time performance of acquisition in exchange for the reduction of the sampling frequency requirement.
The basic principle of the equivalent sampling technology is that the acquisition module recombines data sampled in different periods of a signal through multiple triggering and multiple sampling, so that an original signal waveform can be reconstructed.
The application of the equivalent sampling technique is premised on the fact that the signal under test must be repeated over multiple equivalent sampling periods.
Sampling time:
refers to the time interval between sample points, i.e., the inverse of the sampling frequency, in seconds.
Single measurement cycle:
in the optical fiber distributed temperature measurement system, the time required by single measurement is finished aiming at single pulse light output by a laser and a sensing optical fiber with a certain length.
For example, assuming that the sensing fiber is L ═ 10km, the propagation speed of the light wave in the fiber is cn ═ 2 × 10^8m/s, and the time required for completing the single pulse light measurement is 2 × L/cn ═ 0.1 ms.
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model also provides an optical fiber distributed temperature measurement device of equivalent sampling, include: the device comprises a laser, an optical pulse modulator, an optical coupler, an optical splitter, an optical filter, a detector, a sampling holder, a signal acquisition module and a processor which are connected in sequence; the processor is also connected with the optical pulse modulator and the stepping delayer, and the stepping delayer is connected with the retainer and the signal acquisition module; the optical coupler is also connected with an optical fiber;
the sampling retainer receives a group of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals of the stepping delayer, and samples the electric signal transmitted by the detector to obtain an instantaneous electric signal; the signal acquisition module converts the instantaneous electric signal into a digital signal and then calculates by using a processor to obtain temperature data.
Specifically, the laser outputs a continuous optical signal to the optical pulse modulator, the optical pulse modulator converts the continuous optical signal into pulsed light, and the pulsed light enters the optical fiber after passing through the optical coupler and is emitted; in the process of emitting pulsed light from the optical fiber, the optical splitter splits backward Raman scattered light of the pulsed light in the optical fiber, the backward Raman scattered light is filtered by the optical filter, and the amplified light is converted into an electric signal by the detector; the sampling retainer receives a group of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals of the stepping delayer, samples the electric signals to obtain instantaneous electric signals output by the detector, and retains the instantaneous electric signals; the signal acquisition module converts the processed instantaneous electric signal into a digital signal, and calculates the digital signal to obtain temperature data.
Further, the laser outputs a continuous optical signal with wavelength 1550-.
Further, the optical pulse modulator converts the continuous light into a pulse light having a period width Tp and a repetition frequency fp under the control of the processor, and outputs the pulse light to the first port 1 of the optical coupler.
The pulsed light exits from the second port 2 of the optical coupler to the sensing fiber.
During the transmission process of the pulsed light, the backward raman scattering optical signal of the sensing fiber returns to the second port 2 of the optical coupler along the original transmission optical path, and enters the optical splitter through the port coupling of the optical coupler 3.
Further, the raman scattering device comprises two optical filters and two detectors, namely a first optical filter and a second optical filter, a first detector and a second detector, wherein the optical splitter separates stokes light and anti-stokes light with different frequencies in the raman scattering light and outputs the separated stokes light and anti-stokes light to the first optical filter 1 and the second optical filter 2 respectively; the optical filter filters other scattered light and interference light, only Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattered light with temperature information passes through the optical filter, and the first filter outputs the Stokes scattered light with the temperature information to the first detector; the second filter will only let the anti-stokes raman scattered light with temperature information out to the second detector. The detector is an APD detector.
The two sampling holders are respectively a first sampling holder and a second sampling holder, and the first APD detector 1 amplifies Stokes light insensitive to temperature, converts the Stokes light into an electric signal and outputs the electric signal to the first sampling holder; the second APD detector 2 amplifies the temperature sensitive anti-stokes light and converts it into an electrical signal which is output to the second sample holder 2.
Under the control of the processor, the step delayer outputs a group of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals in each single measurement period, and the sampling pulse clusters are transmitted to the two sampling holders and the signal acquisition module. The step delay, under control of the processor, may set the start time of the sampling pulse burst to lag behind the time difference tn of the rising edge of the pulsed light.
Further, the sampling holder is composed of a narrow pulse generator, an unbalanced-balanced transformer, a sampling gate and a holder which are connected in sequence. The narrow pulse generator receives the sampling pulse cluster of the step delayer, generates a unipolar sampling narrow pulse cluster with a very narrow time broadband, and outputs the unipolar sampling narrow pulse cluster to the unbalanced-balanced transformer. The unbalanced-balanced transformer converts the unipolar sampling narrow pulse clusters into bipolar sampling narrow pulse clusters and outputs the bipolar sampling narrow pulse clusters to the sampling gate. The sampling gate transmits the instantaneous electric signal output by the APD detector to the retainer in a very short time under the action of the bipolar sampling narrow pulse cluster. The retainer holds the electric signal transmitted by the sampling gate and supplies the electric signal to the signal acquisition module.
The signal acquisition module takes the sampling pulse cluster output by the stepping delayer as a sampling clock, samples the electric signal output by the retainer, converts the analog electric signal into a digital signal and transmits the digital signal to the processor.
And in a plurality of single measurement periods, the processor changes the time difference tn that the initial time of the sampling pulse cluster output by the step delayer lags behind the rising edge of the pulse light in a stepping mode, simultaneously receives the digital signal of the signal acquisition module, realizes equivalent sampling of Stokes light and anti-Stokes light, and finally performs subtraction calculation to obtain the temperature data of the sensing optical fiber.
The utility model relates to an equivalent sampling optical fiber distributed temperature measuring device, which has the use process that,
s1: the laser outputs a continuous optical signal, the continuous optical signal is converted into pulse light through the pulse modulator, and the pulse light is processed by the optical coupler and then is emitted along the optical fiber;
s2: utilizing a light splitter to perform light splitting treatment on backward Raman scattering light of pulse light in the optical fiber, and converting the backward Raman scattering light into an electric signal after filtering treatment of an optical filter and amplification treatment of a detector;
s3, the sampling retainer receives a group of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals of the step delayer, samples the electric signal to obtain an instantaneous electric signal, holds the instantaneous electric signal and transmits the instantaneous electric signal to the signal processing module;
s4: the signal processing module converts the processed instantaneous electric signals into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to the processor, and the processor calculates the digital signals to obtain temperature data.
S5, repeating the steps S3-S4N times, wherein the sampling retainer receives a group of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals of the stepping delayer N times, samples the electric signal of the detector to obtain an instantaneous electric signal, holds the instantaneous electric signal and transmits the instantaneous electric signal to the signal processing module; the signal processing module converts the processed instantaneous electric signals into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to the processor, the processor calculates the digital signals to obtain temperature data, N groups of temperature data are obtained through N groups of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals, and the N groups of temperature data are combined into one group of temperature data.
Further, the step S1 is specifically: outputting a continuous optical signal with the wavelength of 1550nm or 1310nm suitable for optical fiber transmission to an optical pulse modulator, converting the continuous optical signal into pulsed light by using the optical pulse modulator, and emitting the pulsed light along an optical fiber; as a preferable mode, the optical pulse modulator converts the continuous light into a pulse light with a period width Tp and a repetition frequency fp under the control of the processor, and outputs the pulse light to the port of the optical coupler 1; the pulsed light exits from the optical coupler 2 port to the sensing fiber.
Further, the step S2 is specifically: in the transmission process of the pulse light, the backward Raman scattering optical signal of the sensing optical fiber returns to the port of the optical coupler 2 along the original transmission optical path and enters the optical splitter through the port of the optical coupler 3 in a coupling mode; the optical splitter separates stokes light and anti-stokes light of different frequencies in the raman scattering light, and outputs the separated light to the optical filter 1 and the optical filter 2 respectively.
The optical filter 1 and the optical filter 2 filter other scattered light and interference light in the electrical signal, only Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattered light with temperature information passes through the optical filter, and the optical filter respectively output the optical filter to the APD detector 1 and the APD detector 2. The APD detector 1 amplifies the Stokes light insensitive to temperature and converts the Stokes light into an electric signal to output the sampling holder 1; the APD detector 2 amplifies the temperature-sensitive anti-stokes light, converts the amplified light into an electrical signal, and outputs the electrical signal to the sample holder 2.
Further, the step S3 is specifically: in each single measurement period, a group of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals are output and transmitted to 2 sampling holders and a signal acquisition module, and the time intervals of the sampling pulse clusters are recorded as ts. The step delay, under control of the processor, may set the start time of the sampling pulse burst to lag behind the time difference tn of the rising edge of the pulsed light. In 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 … … N single measurement periods, tn is equal to 0, ts/N,2ts/N, 3ts/N and 4ts/N … … (N-1) ts/N respectively; the sampling holder holds the instantaneous electric signal output by the APD detector under the control of the sampling pulse cluster and transmits the instantaneous electric signal to the signal acquisition module.
Further, the step S4 is specifically: the signal acquisition module samples the electric signal output by the sampling holder under the control of the sampling pulse cluster, converts the analog electric signal into a digital signal and transmits the digital signal to the processor; and the processor performs subtraction calculation on the Stokes light and the anti-Stokes light digital signals in a single measurement period to obtain temperature data.
Further, the step S5 is specifically: and repeating the steps S4-S5, obtaining N groups of measurement data by the processor after N single measurement periods, and combining the N groups of measurement data into one group due to the fact that the time difference between the starting time of the sampling pulse cluster and the rising edge of the pulse light has a stepping relation, which is equivalent to increasing the actual sampling rate by N times.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive work are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An equivalently sampled, fiber optic distributed temperature measurement device, comprising: the device comprises a laser, an optical pulse modulator, an optical coupler, an optical splitter, an optical filter, a detector, a sampling holder, a signal acquisition module and a processor which are connected in sequence; the processor is also connected with the optical pulse modulator and the stepping delayer, and the stepping delayer is connected with the retainer and the signal acquisition module; the optical coupler is also connected with an optical fiber;
the sampling retainer receives a group of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals of the stepping delayer, and samples the electric signal transmitted by the detector to obtain an instantaneous electric signal; the signal acquisition module converts the instantaneous electric signal into a digital signal and then calculates by using a processor to obtain temperature data.
2. The optical fiber distributed temperature measuring device according to claim 1, wherein there are two optical filters and two detectors, namely a first optical filter, a second optical filter, a first detector and a second detector, and the first optical filter filters the stokes scattering light and outputs the filtered stokes scattering light to the first detector; the second filter filters the anti-stokes raman scattered light and outputs the filtered anti-stokes raman scattered light to the second detector.
3. The fiber optic distributed temperature measurement device of claim 2, wherein the sample holder has two, a first sample holder and a second sample holder, the first detector amplifies the stokes light and converts it into an electrical signal to output the first sample holder; the second detector amplifies the anti-stokes light, converts the amplified anti-stokes light into an electric signal and outputs the electric signal to the second sample holder.
4. The fiber optic distributed temperature measurement device of claim 1, wherein the step delay outputs a set of sampling pulse clusters with equal time intervals to the sample holder and the signal acquisition module in each single measurement cycle under the control of the processor; the step delayer sets the time difference tn that the start time of the sampling pulse cluster lags the rising edge of the pulse light under the control of the processor.
5. The fiber optic distributed temperature measurement device of claim 1, wherein the sample holder is comprised of a narrow pulse generator, a balun transformer, a sample gate, and a holder connected in series.
6. The fiber optic distributed temperature measurement device of claim 5 wherein the narrow pulse generator receives the sampled pulse clusters of the step delay, generates a single polarity sampled narrow pulse cluster, and outputs to the balun.
7. The fiber optic distributed temperature measurement device of claim 6, wherein the balun transformer converts a unipolar sampled narrow pulse cluster into a bipolar sampled narrow pulse cluster for output to the sampling gate.
8. The optical fiber distributed temperature measuring device according to claim 7, wherein the sampling gate transmits the instantaneous electrical signal output by the detector to the holder under the action of the bipolar sampling narrow pulse cluster; the retainer holds the electric signal transmitted by the sampling gate and transmits the electric signal to the signal acquisition module.
9. The fiber optic distributed temperature measurement device of claim 1, wherein the signal acquisition module samples the electrical signal output by the holder using the sampling pulse cluster output by the step delay as a sampling clock, converts the analog electrical signal to a digital signal, and transmits the digital signal to the processor.
10. The optical fiber distributed temperature measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the processor changes a time difference tn that the sampling pulse cluster output by the step delay unit starts to lag behind the rising edge of the pulsed light in a plurality of single measurement periods, and simultaneously receives the digital signals of the signal acquisition module, and performs subtraction calculation to obtain the temperature data of the optical fiber.
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US11428708B2 (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-08-30 | Raytheon Company | Detection of polyethylene and silicon or other material combinations used in motion sensors or other devices |
WO2022179521A1 (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-09-01 | 普源精电科技股份有限公司 | Electrical signal sampling apparatus |
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US11428708B2 (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-08-30 | Raytheon Company | Detection of polyethylene and silicon or other material combinations used in motion sensors or other devices |
WO2022179521A1 (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-09-01 | 普源精电科技股份有限公司 | Electrical signal sampling apparatus |
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