CN105444793A - Fiber Bragg raster sensing device based on high-speed pulse laser - Google Patents
Fiber Bragg raster sensing device based on high-speed pulse laser Download PDFInfo
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100379080 Emericella variicolor andB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
Abstract
The invention relates to a fiber Bragg raster sensing device based on a high-speed pulse laser. The fiber Bragg raster sensing device includes the high-speed pulse laser, a dispersion module, a fiber Bragg raster array, a data acquisition module, and a data processing module. Based on the high-speed pulse laser, the narrow pulse being broad in band and high in repetition rate is provided, and the demodulation rate and the dynamic range of a fiber Bragg raster sensing demodulation system is greatly improved. Through the adoption of a photon time stretching method, the measurement of the wavelength shift of the optical fiber Bragg raster in the frequency domain is converted to the measurement of the time shift in the time domain, and the signal processing precision of the time domain is higher. Therefore, the demodulation precision of fiber Bragg sensing system can be significantly improved, and the requirement on the sampling rate of the data acquisition and processing modules is also reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus of sensory field of optic fibre, specifically a kind of optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device based on high speed pulsed laser.
Background technology
Optical fiber has sensing and transmission dual-use function and quality is light, electromagnetism interference, the advantage such as high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, fiber Bragg grating sensor except there is the advantage of general Fibre Optical Sensor, also have multiplexing capacity strong, can the advantage of distributed sensing.In recent years, fiber Bragg grating sensor has been a great concern and is rapidly developed, and is widely applied in the monitoring field such as strain, temperature of intelligent building, civil engineering work, medical engineering or other extreme environments.Optical fiber Bragg grating sensing mostly is wavelength-modulated, traditional demodulation mode can be roughly divided into two kinds due to the difference of detection method, the first is based on passive detection, namely frequency discriminator is used Bragg wavelength drift to be converted into the change of light intensity or the displacement in light intensity space, this method can use boundary filter, array waveguide grating, wavelength division multiplexer or realize based on the spectrum charge-coupled image sensor of holographic grating, its advantage is that system is simple, economical, but the signal that the interference of the shake of light source or environment may be taken as sensor is reflected back and causes the precision of demodulation not high, in addition, passive detection is also difficult to realize dynamic sensitive [A.Fender at a high speed, E.J.Rigg, R.R.J.Maier, W.N.MacPherson, J.S.Barton, A.J.Moore, J.D.C.Jones, D.Zhao, L.Zhang, I.Bennion, S.McCulloch, andB.J.S.Jones, " DynamictwoaxiscurvaturemeasurementusingmulticorefiberBra gggratingsinterrogatedbyarrayedwaveguidegrating, " Appl.Opt., vol.45, no.36, pp.9041-9048, Dec.2006].The second is active detection, it is the phase change of Received signal strength based on optical interferometry by the converts displacement of bragg wavelength, the structure of interfering can be that non-balanced Mach increases Dare interferometer, fabry perot interferometer, Michelson interferometer or long period fiber grating, active detection is owing to eliminating the shake of light source, its measuring accuracy is higher than passive detection a lot, but because active mode is based on optical interference, so to environmental perturbation, such as temperature variation or small vibrations, very sensitive, therefore impact can be brought on the stability of system, in addition, demodulation speed based on active detection method has been limited in a few KHz, dynamic range is less [H.Xia also, C.Zhang, H.Mu, andD.Sun, " Edgetechniquefordirectdetectionofstrainandtemperaturebas edonopticaltimedomainreflectometry, " Appl.Opt., vol.48, no.2, pp.189-197, Jan.2009].
But, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG demodulating system at a high speed has very big demand in a lot of research, in order to obtain the optical fiber Bragg grating sensing demodulating system of high speed, high precision, great dynamic range, high speed pulsed laser has been selected as suitable light source, re-use one section of dispersive medium and the ultrashort light pulse that laser instrument sends can be mapped to time domain from frequency domain, its main advantage is that the displacement of bragg wavelength can be mapped to the displacement of time in time domain linearly, so just can be recorded row relax of going forward side by side in real time.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device based on high speed pulsed laser is proposed, adopt the narrow pulse laser with high repetition frequency and large bandwidth as light source, improve sensing and demodulating speed and dynamic range.Utilize the principle that photon time stretches, the wavelength shift of frequency domain is mapped to the time shifting of time domain, thus effectively improves demodulation accuracy, and reduce the sampling rate requirement to Back end data acquisition module.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device based on high speed pulsed laser, its feature is, comprises high speed pulsed laser, optical splitter, the first dispersion compensation module, optical directional coupler, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG array, the first photodetector, the second dispersion compensation module, the second photodetector, data acquisition module and data processing module;
Described optical splitter in the light pulse direction that described pulsed laser sends, the first via light signal exported from this optical splitter enters the first port of described optical directional coupler through the first described dispersion compensation module, and after the reflection of described Fiber Bragg Grating FBG array, return the second port entering optical directional coupler from the second port input of optical directional coupler, export from the 3rd port of optical directional coupler, described data acquisition module is conveyed into successively after the second described dispersion compensation module and the second photodetector, be converted to electric signal transmission from the second road light signal of described optical splitter output through the first described photodetector and enter described data acquisition module, this data acquisition module respectively with the first described photodetector, second photodetector is connected with data processing module.
Described high speed pulsed laser for generation of the burst pulse with wide range and high repetition frequency, can adopt but be not limited to passive mode-locking fiber laser, Active Mode-locked Fiber Laser is locked to derived reference signal and the method such as multi-laser synthesis realizes.
Described dispersion compensation module is used for light signal to stretch in time domain, can adopt but be not limited to the method realization that single-mode fiber, dispersion compensating fiber, linear chirp optical fiber grating etc. can produce dispersion.
Described photodetector can adopt PIN to manage or APD pipe.
Described optical splitter is optical branching device or photo-coupler.
Described optical directional coupler can be optical circulator also can be photo-coupler.
Described data acquisition module, for gathering time-domain signal, can adopt but be not limited to data collecting card or oscillograph.
The data that described data processing module is used for gathering process, and the deadline is displaced to the conversion of transducing signal, can adopt but be not limited to digital signal processor or computer software.
Based on above technical characterstic, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention is based on high speed pulsed laser, effectively improve demodulation rate and the dynamic range of current optical fiber Bragg grating sensing demodulating system.
2, the present invention has used the principle that photon time stretches, the wavelength shift of frequency domain is mapped to the time shifting of time domain, improve the demodulation accuracy of current optical fiber Bragg grating sensing demodulating system at double, and reduce the sampling rate requirement to Back end data Acquire and process module.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one embodiment of the present of invention figure.
Fig. 2 is the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG demodulation principle figure that the present invention uses photon time stretching principle.
Fig. 3 be the optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device that the present invention is based on high speed pulsed laser obtain time-stretching pulse waveform (a) with the embodiment in Fig. 1, pulse waveform that laser instrument directly exports; (b), pulse waveform after first dispersion compensation module; (c), pulse waveform after second dispersion compensation module.
Fig. 4 is the time domain waveform of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG reflected signal under the experimental result (a) obtained with the embodiment in Fig. 1 of the optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device that the present invention is based on high speed pulsed laser, different external influence; Time shifting-wavelength shift curve under (b), different external influence after photon time stretches.
Embodiment
A specific embodiment of the present invention is provided below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.The present embodiment is implemented premised on technical scheme of the present invention, gives detailed embodiment and process, but protection scope of the present invention should not be limited to following embodiment.
Fig. 1 is one embodiment of the present of invention figure.Its basic comprising comprises: high speed pulsed laser 1, optical splitter 2, first dispersion compensation module 3, optical directional coupler 4, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG array 5, first photodetector 6, second dispersion compensation module 7, second photodetector 8, data acquisition module 9 and data processing module 10.
The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows: described high speed pulsed laser adopts passive mode-locking fiber laser 1, and its ultrashort light pulse produced carries out light splitting by described optical splitter 2; Light splitting Hou mono-road light signal is converted to the data acquisition module 9 described in electric signal access by the first described photodetector 6; Another road light signal is after the first described dispersion compensation module 3, and the chirped optical pulse of generation enters described optical directional coupler 4; The output of described optical directional coupler 4 enters described Fiber Bragg Grating FBG array 5, and the light pulse of returning through sensing back reflection enters described optical directional coupler 4; It exports through the second described dispersion compensation module 7, and the light pulse signal after the second described dispersion compensation module 7 carries out time domain stretching is converted to the data acquisition module 9 described in electric signal access through the second described photodetector 8; Described data processing module 10 processes the data that described data acquisition module 9 collects.
The principle of work of this embodiment as shown in Figure 2.For high speed pulsed laser, owing to having used dispersion and non-linear management, can ultrashort pulse be produced and can wide range be realized, its produce light pulse after the first dispersion compensation module due to GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) effect, namely velocity of propagation is different in a fiber for the composition of different wave length, chirped optical pulse is drawn as in time domain, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG energy reflection wavelength equals the light of its bragg wavelength, when its effect of outer bound pair, its bragg wavelength can change, therefore sensing can be used for, pulse reflects through Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, the information of the bragg wavelength entrained by it also reflects, then after the second dispersion compensation module in time domain by further broadening, if the dispersion measure of two dispersion compensation module is respectively D
1and D
2, then dispersion drawing coefficient can be expressed as
Adding of these two dispersion compensation module, complete photon time to stretch, the advantage of this scheme is: first, be the displacement of transmission time in time domain by wavelength at the converts displacement of time domain, and the signal transacting precision of time domain is higher, therefore the demodulation accuracy of native system, also namely resolution can be significantly increased; Secondly, pulse stretches in time domain by time-stretching, and frequency domain bandwidth is compressed, and therefore by the lower analog bandwidth in rear end and the data acquisition and procession module quantifies process compared with low sampling rate, thus can reduce the requirement to Back end data Acquire and process module.
The direct acting factor of native system resolution is dispersion draw ratio, namely dispersion draw ratio is larger, resolution is higher, and dispersion drawing coefficient is determined jointly by following factor: the dispersion measure being first two dispersion compensation module, the dispersion measure of second dispersion compensation module is larger, and dispersion drawing coefficient is larger; Next is the repetition frequency of high speed pulsed laser, and repetition frequency is lower, then the recurrent interval is larger, and under the nonoverlapping prerequisite of adjacent pulse, the dispersion drawing coefficient that can realize is larger.
The Fiber Bragg Grating FBG number that native system can use is determined by the bandwidth of high speed pulsed laser, and bandwidth is larger, and the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG number that can use is more.
Native system can be widely used in petroleum industry by the present invention, and geophysics and ocean subject etc. need great dynamic range, fast and the field of high-precision sensing demodulation.
Claims (8)
1. the optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device based on high speed pulsed laser, it is characterized in that, comprise high speed pulsed laser (1), optical splitter (2), the first dispersion compensation module (3), optical directional coupler (4), Fiber Bragg Grating FBG array (5), the first photodetector (6), the second dispersion compensation module (7), the second photodetector (8), data acquisition module (9) and data processing module (10);
At the optical splitter (2) that the light pulse direction that described pulsed laser (1) sends is described, the first via light signal exported from this optical splitter (2) enters the first port of described optical directional coupler (4) through described the first dispersion compensation module (3), and after the reflection of described Fiber Bragg Grating FBG array (5), return the second port entering optical directional coupler (4) from the second port input of optical directional coupler (4), export from the 3rd port of optical directional coupler (4), described data acquisition module (9) is conveyed into successively after described the second dispersion compensation module (7) and the second photodetector (8), the the second road light signal exported from described optical splitter (2) is converted to electric signal transmission through described the first photodetector (6) and enters described data acquisition module (9), this data acquisition module (9) respectively with described the first photodetector (6), second photodetector (8) is connected with data processing module (10).
2. a kind of optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device based on high speed pulsed laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described high speed pulsed laser is for generation of the burst pulse with high repetition frequency, and for passive mode-locking fiber laser, Active Mode-locked Fiber Laser is locked to derived reference signal or multi-laser synthesizes.
3. a kind of optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device based on high speed pulsed laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dispersion compensation module is used for light signal to stretch in time domain, is single-mode fiber, dispersion compensating fiber or linear chirp optical fiber grating.
4. a kind of optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device based on high speed pulsed laser according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the first described photodetector and the second photodetector adopt PIN pipe or APD pipe.
5. a kind of optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device based on high speed pulsed laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described optical splitter is optical branching device or photo-coupler.
6. a kind of optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device based on high speed pulsed laser according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described optical directional coupler (4) is optical circulator or photo-coupler.
7. a kind of optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device based on high speed pulsed laser according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described data acquisition module, for gathering time-domain signal, is data collecting card or oscillograph.
8. a kind of optical fiber Bragg grating sensing device based on high speed pulsed laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the data that described data processing module is used for gathering process, deadline is displaced to the conversion of transducing signal, is digital signal processor or computer software.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106017533A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-12 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Rapid tuning real-time calibration fiber grating demodulation device and work method |
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| CN107276681A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-10-20 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | The incoherent optical signal processing system of nonlinear time-domain stretching is carried out to microwave signal |
| CN109884704A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-06-14 | 潜能恒信能源技术股份有限公司 | A kind of device and method for eliminating optical fiber detector system noise |
| CN114459514A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-05-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | High-speed fiber grating sensing system and method for chirp frequency coding |
| CN114660790A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-24 | 中山大学 | Optical pulse time stretching device and method and spectral measurement system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106017533A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-12 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Rapid tuning real-time calibration fiber grating demodulation device and work method |
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| CN107276681B (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2019-05-10 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | The incoherent optical signal processing system of nonlinear time-domain stretching is carried out to microwave signal |
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| CN114459514A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-05-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | High-speed fiber grating sensing system and method for chirp frequency coding |
| CN114459514B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2024-01-30 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | High-speed fiber bragg grating sensing system and method for chirp frequency coding |
| CN114660790A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-24 | 中山大学 | Optical pulse time stretching device and method and spectral measurement system |
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