CN212184167U

CN212184167U - Harvesting device of traction type field and garden harvester

Info

Publication number: CN212184167U
Application number: CN202020764755.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐梅; 郭朝发
Original assignee: Tianjin Quanhao Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Tianjin Quanhao Agricultural Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-11
Filing date: 2020-05-11
Publication date: 2020-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2030-05-11

Abstract

The utility model relates to a harvesting device of a traction type field and garden harvester. A front coarse screening rotary cage, a middle coarse screening rotary cage, a rear coarse screening rotary cage and a plurality of fine screening rotary cages are sequentially arranged from front to back, an arc-shaped front filter plate is arranged below the front coarse screening rotary cage, an arc-shaped middle filter plate is arranged below the middle coarse screening rotary cage, a rear filter plate is arranged below the rear coarse screening rotary cage, an arc-shaped screen plate is arranged below each fine screening rotary cage, and the front filter plate, the middle filter plate, the rear filter plate and each screen plate are sequentially connected; a receiving hopper is arranged below the screen plates, the screen plates further comprise a conveying device which receives materials from the rear filter plate and each screen plate and conveys the materials to the receiving hopper, and a discharging device is arranged at an outlet of the receiving hopper; the device also comprises a driving device. The utility model discloses rational in infrastructure, realize multistage earth separation, guarantee rhizome crop results back cleanliness factor.

Description

Harvesting device of traction type field and garden harvester

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural machine, especially, relate to a harvesting device of towed rural area harvester.

Background

A field harvester is agricultural mechanical equipment for assisting in harvesting crops from the mature harvest time, is an important auxiliary equipment in agricultural planting, and has important influence on the efficiency of the crop harvest. The field harvester is mainly used for harvesting crop roots (such as ginger, potatoes and the like), and plays an important role in improving the efficiency of agricultural production in large-scale modern planting activities.

A common problem encountered in harvesting the roots of different species of crops is the separation of the roots from the soil and the collection of the roots after soil separation. In practice, it has been found that under appropriate soil moisture conditions, soil on the surface of the rootstock can be effectively removed by providing appropriate vibration to the excavated rootstock, but not providing too much vibration (which can easily damage the surface of the rootstock). The existing field and garden harvesters do not have the soil separation capability, so that the harvesting capability of crops is insufficient, and further separation operation is needed subsequently. On the other hand, the existing field and garden harvester cannot realize continuous collection of soil-separated root crops, and the root crops are usually left on the ground and then manually picked up, so that the harvesting efficiency is reduced.

Therefore, the development and design of new structural forms of field harvesters has become the current effort to solve the above problems, wherein the structural design of the harvesting device applied to the field harvester directly determines the working characteristics of the whole machine.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a harvesting device of a traction type field and garden harvester, which has reasonable structure, realizes the separation of multistage soil and guarantees the cleanliness of the harvested root crops.

The utility model discloses a solve the technical scheme that technical problem that exists among the well-known technique took and be: a harvesting device of a traction type rural harvester is sequentially provided with a front coarse screening rotary cage, a middle coarse screening rotary cage, a rear coarse screening rotary cage and a plurality of fine screening rotary cages from front to back, wherein an arc-shaped front filter plate is arranged below the front coarse screening rotary cage, an arc-shaped middle filter plate is arranged below the middle coarse screening rotary cage, a rear filter plate is arranged below the rear coarse screening rotary cage, arc-shaped screen plates are arranged below the fine screening rotary cages, and the front filter plate, the middle filter plate, the rear filter plate and the screen plates are sequentially connected; a receiving hopper is arranged below the screen plates, the screen plates further comprise a conveying device which receives materials from the rear filter plate and each screen plate and conveys the materials to the receiving hopper, and a discharging device is arranged at an outlet of the receiving hopper; the device also comprises a driving device.

The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model provides a harvesting device of towed rural area harvester of structural design compares with current harvesting device, the utility model discloses in through setting up three-level coarse screen subassembly in the front and back and a plurality of fine screen subassembly, realized that the thick screen is handled and the fine screen is handled step by step to the rhizome crop that has carried earth to the clamp, got rid of the earth of rhizome crop surface adhesion, realized good earth separation. Through setting up conveyor, realized that the rhizome crop that obtains after the screening is to receiving the transport of hopper and collecting. Receiving hopper and unloader through setting up, having realized that the crop after the earth separation collects the discharged technological effect of back unloading, compare with the current mode of picking up the crop scattered on ground again by the manual work, promoted the efficiency of results work, alleviateed the burden of results operation. Because of the adoption of a multi-stage soil separation structure, the surface cleanliness of the finally discharged root-tuber crops is relatively high.

Preferably: the fine screen rotating cage comprises a first fine screen rotating cage, a second fine screen rotating cage and a third fine screen rotating cage, a first screen plate is arranged below the first fine screen rotating cage, a second screen plate is arranged below the second fine screen rotating cage, and a third screen plate is arranged below the third fine screen rotating cage.

Preferably: the conveying device comprises a conveying plate, the upper surface of which is wavy, and the front part and two side edges of which are provided with baffles, a Y-shaped shaking support is arranged below the conveying plate, the rear end of the shaking support is hinged with two sides of the middle part of the conveying plate, and the front end of the shaking support is eccentrically hinged with a driving wheel.

Preferably: the blanking device comprises a packing auger shell, wherein a blanking packing auger is arranged in the packing auger shell, a feeding hole is formed in the top wall of the packing auger shell, and materials discharged from an outlet of the receiving hopper enter the packing auger shell through the feeding hole.

Preferably: the dust removing device which blows airflow towards the outlet of the receiving hopper is further arranged below the conveying device and comprises a dust removing shell with dust removing fan blades inside, and a dust removing nozzle which is opposite to the outlet of the receiving hopper is arranged on the side wall of the dust removing shell.

Preferably: the open flitch of being equipped with down in the top of receiving the hopper, the bottom of receiving the hopper is equipped with the fine grinding device that carries out the fine grinding to the material in the hopper.

Preferably: the fine grinding device comprises a first fine grinding saw blade group and a second fine grinding saw blade group which are arranged in parallel, the first fine grinding saw blade group and the second fine grinding saw blade group are identical in structure and comprise rotating shafts and saw blades arranged on the rotating shafts at equal intervals, two groups of strip-shaped holes are formed in the bottom wall of the receiving hopper, and each saw blade of the two fine grinding saw blade groups is located in one group of strip-shaped holes respectively.

Preferably: the driving device comprises a first driving component for driving each rotating cage and the blanking auger and a second driving component for driving the dedusting fan blades and the rotating shaft of the fine grinding device.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the various screening assemblies of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the conveyor assembly, dedusting assembly and receiving hopper portions of FIG. 1, from an upper perspective;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the conveyor assembly, the dedusting assembly and the receiving hopper portion of fig. 1, from a lower perspective.

In the figure:

1. a front filter plate; 2. the front part is roughly screened and rotated; 3. roughly screening and rotating a cage in the middle; 3-1, a middle rotating cage body; 3-2, a middle stirring tooth; 4. a middle filter plate; 5. a rear coarse screen rotating cage; 5-1, a rear rotating cage body; 5-2, rear stirring teeth; 6. a rear filter plate; 7. a first fine screen rotating cage; 8. a first screen plate; 9. a second fine screen rotating cage; 10. a second screen plate; 11. a third fine screen rotating cage; 12. a third screen plate; 13. a conveying device; 13-1, conveying plates; 13-2, shaking the bracket; 14. a dust removal device; 14-1, a dust removal shell; 14-2, dedusting fan blades; 14-3, a dust removal nozzle; 15. a blanking device; 15-1, a blanking auger; 15-2, a packing auger shell; 16. a fine grinding device; 16-1, a first group of fine grinding saw blades; 16-2, a second group of fine grinding saw blades; 17. a receiving hopper; 18. and discharging the material plate.

Detailed Description

For further understanding of the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail.

Please refer to fig. 1 and 2, the harvesting device of the pull-type rural harvesting machine of the present invention sequentially installs a front coarse screen rotating cage 2, a middle coarse screen rotating cage 3, a rear coarse screen rotating cage 5 and a plurality of fine screen rotating cages from front to back according to the flow direction of the material, an arc front filter plate 1 is arranged below the front coarse screen rotating cage 2, an arc middle filter plate 4 is arranged below the middle coarse screen rotating cage 3, a rear filter plate 6 is arranged below the rear coarse screen rotating cage 5, an arc screen plate is arranged below each fine screen rotating cage, the front filter plate 1, the middle filter plate 4, the rear filter plate 6 and each screen plate are sequentially connected.

Further, the fine screen rotating cage comprises a first fine screen rotating cage 7, a second fine screen rotating cage 9 and a third fine screen rotating cage 11, a first screen plate 8 is arranged below the first fine screen rotating cage 7, a second screen plate 10 is arranged below the second fine screen rotating cage 9, a third screen plate 12 is arranged below the third fine screen rotating cage 11, and the first screen plate 8, the second screen plate 10 and the third screen plate 12 are sequentially connected.

The harvesting structure sequentially carries out three-stage coarse screening treatment and three-stage fine screening treatment on the root crops with the soil from front to back. In each stage of coarse screening processing link, each coarse screening rotating cage has two functions in the rotating process, one is to force the material to transfer to the next filter plate (to stir the material to move), the other is to beat and crush soil blocks coating root crops, and as the filter holes are formed in the front filter plate 1, the middle filter plate 4 and the rear filter plate 6, part of crushed soil leaks from the filter holes and falls on the ground, and the size of the other part of soil block is larger than that of the filter hole of the filter plate where the soil block cannot fall, so that the next stage of soil block is processed. In the fine screen processing links at all levels, each fine screen rotating cage has two functions in the rotating process, one is to force the material to move towards the next screen plate (to stir the material to move), the other is to hit and crush the soil blocks of the coated root crops, and as the first screen plate 8, the second screen plate 10 and the third screen plate 12 are all provided with meshes, one part of the hit and crushed soil leaks from the meshes and falls on the ground, and the other part of the soil blocks has the size larger than that of the meshes of the screen plate and cannot fall, so that the next level is processed.

After the treatment of the third-stage coarse screen and the third-stage fine screen, most of the soil adhered to the surface of the root crops is peeled off, and the root crops flowing to the last-stage fine screen assembly are relatively clean.

Anterior coarse screening rotating cage 2, middle part coarse screening rotating cage 3, rear portion coarse screening rotating cage 5, first fine screening rotating cage 7, the structure of second fine screening rotating cage 9 is the same with the structure of the 11 six of third fine screening rotating cage, all including the pivot that is located the middle part and the three carousel of the left side in the middle of the axial direction installation/the change of the axle of following the pivot, the equidistance interval sets up a plurality of driving levers along the circumferential direction in the outside of carousel/change, at the pivoted in-process, each driving lever produces stirring and hits the effect of beating to earth and rhizome crop.

As shown in the figure, a plurality of stirring teeth are respectively arranged on the outer vertical surfaces of the middle coarse screen rotating cage 3 and the rear coarse screen rotating cage 5 to improve the stirring effect and provide certain vibration effect. Specifically, the middle coarse screen rotating cage 3 comprises a middle rotating cage body 3-1, a plurality of middle stirring teeth 3-2 are mounted on each deflector rod of the middle rotating cage body 3-1, the rear coarse screen rotating cage 5 comprises a rear rotating cage body 5-1, and a plurality of rear stirring teeth 5-2 are mounted on each deflector rod of the rear rotating cage body 5-1. Furthermore, the structure of each middle stirring tooth 3-2 is the same as that of each rear stirring tooth 5-2, the structures are similar to those of torsion springs, and the middle stirring teeth and the rear stirring teeth are fixedly connected with the shifting rod in a welding mode and the like. In the rotating process of the rotating cage, the outwards extending parts of the stirring teeth have a stirring effect on soil and root crops, so that the separation of the soil and the root crops is accelerated, and on the other hand, due to the structure similar to a torsion spring, the stirring teeth can deform and store energy and release the energy at a certain moment along with the contact with soil blocks, stones and the like in the rotating process, so that a vibration effect is generated, and the soil is favorably fallen from the filter holes while the soil and the root crops are stripped.

Referring to fig. 1, it can be seen that:

below the mesh plate is mounted a receiving hopper 17 into which material discharged from the third stage fine screen assembly falls downwardly.

In view of the fact that some of the root crops may leak out through the holes/meshes in the former coarse screening stage and the fine screening stage, measures should be taken to avoid the root crops from falling into the drawing again to cause waste. Therefore, the harvesting apparatus further comprises a conveying device 13 for receiving the materials from the rear filter plate 6 and each mesh plate and conveying the materials to the receiving hopper 17, and the root crops leaked from the filter holes of the rear filter plate 6 and the meshes of the first mesh plate 8 and the second mesh plate 10 are received by the conveying device 13 and then conveyed to the receiving hopper 17.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, it can be seen that:

the conveying device 13 comprises a conveying plate 13-1 with a wavy upper surface and baffles at the front part and two side edges, a Y-shaped shaking support 13-2 is arranged below the conveying plate 13-1, the rear end of the shaking support 13-2 is hinged with two sides of the middle part of the conveying plate 13-1, and the front end is eccentrically hinged with a driving wheel. By driving the eccentric to rotate, the rocking carrier 13-2 is subjected to a reciprocating pushing and pulling action, so that the conveyor plate 13-1 carries the material falling on the surface in a certain rhythm to the rear, i.e. the receiving hopper 17.

A discharging device 15 is provided at an outlet of the receiving hopper 17, and the discharging device 15 is used for discharging the root crops in the receiving hopper 17. A receiving basket/receiving mesh bag or the like may be connected to the discharging device 15 for receiving the discharged root crops.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in this embodiment, the blanking device 15 includes a packing auger housing 15-2 having a blanking packing auger 15-1 therein and a feeding opening on the top wall, and the material discharged from the outlet of the receiving hopper 17 enters through the feeding opening.

Considering that the root crop discharged into the receiving hopper 17 by the third stage fine screen assembly and conveyed into the receiving hopper 17 via the conveyor 13 still contains a portion of soil particles, further stripping of this portion of soil particles will help to enhance the relative cleanliness of the harvested root crop. Therefore, the soil particles contained above can be further removed by the following two measures:

(1) a blanking plate 18 is arranged at the top opening of the receiving hopper 17, the root crops carried with soil particles enter the receiving hopper 17 through the blanking plate 18, the blanking plate 18 is composed of a plurality of parallel metal plates which are arranged obliquely, and when the root crops fall on the blanking plate 18, the root crops are uniformly distributed and fall into the receiving hopper 17 downwards in a loose mode; a fine grinding device 16 for finely grinding the materials in the hopper is arranged at the bottom of the receiving hopper 17;

in this embodiment, the fine grinding device includes a first fine grinding saw blade group 16-1 and a second fine grinding saw blade group 16-2 which are arranged in parallel, the two groups of fine grinding saw blade groups have the same structure, and both include a rotating shaft and a plurality of saw blades which are arranged on the rotating shaft at equal intervals, two groups of strip-shaped holes are arranged on the bottom wall of the receiving hopper 17, and each saw blade of the two fine grinding saw blade groups is respectively positioned in one group of strip-shaped holes;

thus, as the saw blades of the two fine grinding saw blade groups rotate in the strip-shaped holes at a high speed, the fine grinding effect is generated on materials in the receiving hopper 17, fine grinding teeth are arranged on the edges of the saw blades, and in the process of high-speed rotation, the grinding teeth further grind soil on the surfaces of the root crops, so that dust is formed, and part of the dust directly falls to the ground through the strip-shaped holes.

(2) A dust removing device 14 for blowing air flow towards the outlet of the receiving hopper 17 is further arranged below the conveying device 13, the dust removing device 14 comprises a dust removing shell 14-1 with dust removing fan blades 14-2 inside, a dust removing nozzle 14-3 opposite to the outlet of the receiving hopper 17 is arranged on the side wall of the dust removing shell 14-1, and as shown in the figure, the dust removing nozzle 14-3 is flat;

the dust removing fan blades 14-2 rotating at a high speed generate an intensive air flow which is blown in from the outlet of the receiving hopper 17, so that the dust in the hopper is blown away and escapes through the gaps in the blanking plate 18 and the strip-shaped holes in the bottom wall of the receiving hopper 17, so that the root crops are further cleaned.

The device also comprises a driving device, wherein the driving device comprises a first driving component for driving each rotating cage and the blanking auger 15-1 and a second driving component for driving the dust removing fan blades 14-2 and the rotating shaft of the fine grinding device 16 (the structure of the driving device is not shown in the attached drawing of the specification, and the shaft ends of each driving connection are shown in the drawing).

In this embodiment, the first driving assembly includes a first motor, and a motor shaft of the first motor is connected with a rotating shaft of the front coarse screening rotating cage 2, the middle coarse screening rotating cage 3, the rear coarse screening rotating cage 5, the first fine screening rotating cage 7, the second fine screening rotating cage 9, the third fine screening rotating cage 11, and the discharging auger 15-1 through chain transmission, that is, the same first motor is adopted to synchronously provide driving force for the above components, and the first motor is a low-speed high-torque motor.

In this embodiment, the second driving assembly includes a second motor, a motor shaft of the second motor is connected with the dust removing fan blades 14-2 and the rotating shafts of the two groups of fine grinding saw blade groups in a chain transmission manner, that is, the same second motor is used for synchronously providing driving force for the above components, and the second motor is a high-speed motor.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a harvesting apparatus of towed rural area harvester which characterized in that: a front coarse screening rotary cage (2), a middle coarse screening rotary cage (3), a rear coarse screening rotary cage (5) and a plurality of fine screening rotary cages are sequentially arranged from front to back, an arc-shaped front filter plate (1) is arranged below the front coarse screening rotary cage (2), an arc-shaped middle filter plate (4) is arranged below the middle coarse screening rotary cage (3), a rear filter plate (6) is arranged below the rear coarse screening rotary cage (5), an arc-shaped screen plate is arranged below each fine screening rotary cage, and the front filter plate (1), the middle filter plate (4), the rear filter plate (6) and each screen plate are sequentially connected; a receiving hopper (17) is arranged below the screen plate, the screen plate conveying device also comprises a conveying device (13) which receives materials from the rear filter plate (6) and each screen plate and conveys the materials to the receiving hopper (17), and a blanking device (15) is arranged at an outlet of the receiving hopper (17); the device also comprises a driving device.

2. The harvesting apparatus of a pull-type rural harvester according to claim 1, wherein: the fine screen rotating cage comprises a first fine screen rotating cage (7), a second fine screen rotating cage (9) and a third fine screen rotating cage (11), a first screen plate (8) is arranged below the first fine screen rotating cage (7), a second screen plate (10) is arranged below the second fine screen rotating cage (9), and a third screen plate (12) is arranged below the third fine screen rotating cage (11).

3. The harvesting apparatus of a pull-type rural harvester according to claim 2, wherein: the conveying device (13) comprises a conveying plate (13-1) with a wavy upper surface and baffles at the front part and two side edges, a Y-shaped shaking support (13-2) is arranged below the conveying plate (13-1), the rear end of the shaking support (13-2) is hinged with two sides of the middle part of the conveying plate (13-1), and the front end of the shaking support is eccentrically hinged with a driving wheel.

4. A harvesting apparatus of a pull-type rural harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: the blanking device (15) comprises a packing auger shell (15-2) with a blanking packing auger (15-1) inside and a feeding port on the top wall, and materials discharged from an outlet of the receiving hopper (17) enter through the feeding port.

5. Harvesting device of a pull-type rural harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that: a dust removing device (14) for blowing airflow towards an outlet of the receiving hopper (17) is further arranged below the conveying device (13), the dust removing device (14) comprises a dust removing shell (14-1) with dust removing fan blades (14-2) inside, and a dust removing nozzle (14-3) which is opposite to the outlet of the receiving hopper (17) is arranged on the side wall of the dust removing shell (14-1).

6. Harvesting device of a pull-type rural harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: a blanking plate (18) is arranged at the top opening of the receiving hopper (17), and a fine grinding device (16) for finely grinding the materials in the hopper is arranged at the bottom of the receiving hopper (17).

7. Harvesting device of a pull-type rural harvester according to claim 6, characterized in that: the fine grinding device (16) comprises a first fine grinding saw blade group (16-1) and a second fine grinding saw blade group (16-2) which are arranged in parallel, the first fine grinding saw blade group and the second fine grinding saw blade group are identical in structure and comprise a rotating shaft and a plurality of saw blades which are arranged on the rotating shaft at equal intervals, two groups of strip-shaped holes are formed in the bottom wall of the receiving hopper (17), and each saw blade of the two fine grinding saw blade groups is located in one group of strip-shaped holes.

8. Harvesting device of a pull-type rural harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that: the driving device comprises a first driving component for driving each rotating cage and the blanking packing auger (15-1) and a second driving component for driving rotating shafts of the dust removing fan blades (14-2) and the fine grinding device (16).