CN212141549U - Separated traditional Chinese medicine extraction equipment - Google Patents

Separated traditional Chinese medicine extraction equipment Download PDF

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CN212141549U
CN212141549U CN202020361116.9U CN202020361116U CN212141549U CN 212141549 U CN212141549 U CN 212141549U CN 202020361116 U CN202020361116 U CN 202020361116U CN 212141549 U CN212141549 U CN 212141549U
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tank body
feeding port
extraction
tank
chinese medicine
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张贵民
范建伟
关永霞
邱大伟
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Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corp
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a cellular-type traditional chinese medicine draws equipment is applicable to the mixed extraction of the chinese-medicinal material of different types and texture, belongs to traditional chinese medicine pharmaceutical equipment field. The device mainly comprises a tank body 1, a separating device 2, a first feeding port 3 and a second feeding port 4, wherein the separating device 2 is of a sieve plate structure with uniform and multiple holes and divides the inner space of the tank body 1 into two chambers; the first feeding port 3 and the second feeding port 4 are opened at the upper part of the tank body 1 and are respectively communicated with the two chambers. The utility model relates to a novelty, the structure science, convenient operation compares with traditional single-chamber extraction equipment, can avoid the surface package of the paste that the decocte in-process part chinese-medicinal material produced to other medicinal materials effectively, reduces adhesion, the embedding that the paste dissolves out ingredient especially volatile oil to the medicinal material, improves the transfer rate and the yield of medicinal material ingredient, makes to draw the operation and can orderly, smoothly, high-efficient completion. The utility model discloses the universality is strong, is applicable to workshop large-scale production, has wide application prospect.

Description

Separated traditional Chinese medicine extraction equipment
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a cellular-type traditional chinese medicine draws equipment is applicable to the mixed extraction of the chinese-medicinal material of different types, texture, belongs to traditional chinese medicine pharmaceutical equipment field.
Background
The extraction of Chinese medicine as the common operation unit in the production of Chinese medicine preparation is the process of extracting the components of medicinal materials as much as possible with proper extraction equipment based on the characteristics of the medicinal materials in the recipe and the property of the selected solvent for extraction, and this can meet the requirement of subsequent preparation formation. Compared with the traditional open type traditional Chinese medicine decocting pot, the conventional multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine extracting pot has a cylindrical single-chamber main body structure, can meet different extraction temperature and pressure requirements of normal temperature and pressure, high temperature and pressure, reduced pressure and low temperature and the like by virtue of a relatively closed circulating system structure, can be used for water extraction and alcohol extraction, can also extract traditional Chinese medicine volatile oil and vegetable oil, and becomes the most widely applied equipment in the traditional Chinese medicine extracting unit at present. Based on the traditional Chinese medicine habit, water is used as an extraction solvent, a decoction extraction process of a conventional multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine extraction tank is adopted, effective extraction of medicinal material components is realized by means of heat transfer and mass transfer effects of hot water and steam thereof, and the method becomes a basic operation link for preparation of leaching preparation intermediates (including extract, concentrated solution, fluid extract, dry extract and the like) such as traditional Chinese medicine decoction, tablets, capsules, granules, decoction, syrup, oral liquid, injection, concentrated pills and the like, and is suitable for the medicinal materials of which the effective components can be dissolved in water and are stable to humidity and heat, and the co-water distillation extraction of volatile oil components in aromatic medicinal materials such as mint, schizonepeta, clove, cinnamon, dried orange peel, angelica, rose and the like.
In the process of decocting and extracting traditional Chinese medicines, a 'group medicine decocting' mode of mixed feeding is generally adopted, namely a plurality of traditional Chinese medicines are fed into a same extraction tank according to the medicinal ingredients and the weight ratio of the traditional Chinese medicines, and water is added for decocting. Because the medicinal materials have different textures, some medicinal materials with soft and moist textures such as codonopsis pilosula, rehmannia, sealwort, asparagus and the like, or starch-rich medicinal materials such as rhizoma Dioscoreae, radix Puerariae, radix Paeoniae alba, rhizoma Pinelliae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, etc., and flower and fruit medicinal materials such as fructus crataegi, fructus Lycii, fructus Jujubae, pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, flos Chrysanthemi, Carthami flos, flos Lonicerae, etc., when the medicinal materials are decocted and extracted together with other medicinal materials, the medicinal materials are boiled thoroughly and boiled under the action of hot water for a long time, and inevitably adhere to and wrap the surfaces of the other medicinal materials, so that a certain degree of isolation effect is generated between the medicinal materials and a solvent, even capillary gaps of the medicinal materials are blocked, the solvent is not favorable for continuously penetrating, permeating and diffusing, and the contact among the medicinal materials is firmer, the convection boiling degree of the liquid medicine in the extraction tank is weakened, and the medicinal materials are continuously gathered and compacted in the extraction tank to cause unsmooth heat and mass transfer, so that the components of other medicinal materials are difficult to effectively dissolve out to reduce the extraction transfer rate of the medicinal materials. Especially when the volatile oil is distilled and extracted by using the common multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine extraction tank together with water, wherein the dried orange peel, the chrysanthemum, the rose, the honeysuckle and other flowers and fruits are boiled thoroughly, the adhesion and the coating on the surfaces of other aromatic medicinal materials are prevented from contacting solvents, the unsmooth heat and mass transfer is also easily caused, the generation of steam (namely 'live steam') carrying small droplets of the volatile oil is limited, the 'live steam' has large escape resistance from bottom to top in the tank, the volatile oil is difficult to be effectively carried out by the 'live steam', the extraction rate of the volatile oil is low, the energy consumption is large, and the time consumption is long.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The single-chamber major structure to the multi-functional traditional chinese medicine of conventionality draws jar can not satisfy "the crowd's medicine of above-mentioned partial medicinal material well and closes to fry in shallow oil" and draw and the distillation of sharing of volatile oil draws, influences the intensive mixing contact between extraction menstruum and other medicinal materials, causes the extraction rate of medicinal material composition low, the energy consumption is big, consuming time long class commonality technological problem, the to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is based on "the crowd's medicine closes to fry in shallow oil" under the prerequisite of this traditional chinese medicine tradition medicine characteristics of using medicine, provides a traditional chinese medicine extraction equipment with cellular-type major structure to be adapted to the mixed extraction of the chinese-medicinal material of different kinds.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the utility model discloses specifically realize by following technical scheme:
a separate type traditional Chinese medicine extraction device mainly comprises a tank body (1), a separating device (2), a first feeding port (3) and a second feeding port (4), and is characterized in that the separating device (2) is of a sieve plate structure with uniform and porous holes and divides the internal space of the tank body (1) into two chambers; the first feeding port (3) and the second feeding port (4) are opened at the upper part of the tank body (1) and are respectively communicated with the two chambers.
In the utility model, the separating device (2) is a flat plate type or straight cylinder type sieve plate structure with even and multiple holes, and the internal space of the tank body (1) is separated into a left chamber, a right chamber or an internal chamber and an external chamber through movable connection; the movable connection is one or more of clamping groove connection, bolt connection and locking connection. The utility model discloses in, according to the structure difference of separator (2), can divide into flat sieve structure and straight cylinder sieve structure.
The separating device (2) is a flat plate type sieve plate structure with uniform and multiple holes, and the inner space of the tank body (1) is separated into a left chamber and a right chamber through the connection of clamping grooves; the first feeding port (3) and the second feeding port (4) are opened at the upper part of the tank body (1) and are respectively and vertically communicated with the corresponding left chamber and the right chamber; the separating device (2) divides the inner space of the tank body (1) into a left chamber and a right chamber along the longitudinal section of the tank body (1) through a clamping groove structure (5) fixed on the inner wall of the tank body (1); the clamping groove structure (4) is composed of 2 linear C-shaped rails perpendicular to the transverse section of the tank body (1) and 1 arc-shaped C-shaped rail flatly attached to the bottom of the tank body (1).
The separating device (2) is a uniform porous straight cylinder type sieve plate structure and is connected with the tank body (1) through a clamping groove to separate the inner space of the tank body into an inner chamber and an outer chamber; the first feeding port (3) and the second feeding port (4) are opened at the upper part of the tank body (1) and are respectively and vertically communicated with the corresponding inner chamber and the corresponding outer chamber; the separating device (2) separates the inner space of the tank body (1) into an inner chamber and an outer chamber through a clamping groove structure (5) fixed at the bottom of the tank body (1) along the concentric ring surface of the tank body (1); the clamping groove structure (5) is composed of 1 circular C-shaped track which takes the center of the bottom of the tank body (1) as the center of a circle and is flatly attached to the bottom of the tank body (1); the separating device (2) is fixed by a buckle (6) arranged at the upper edge of the sieve plate, a buckle (7) arranged on the inner wall of the tank body and a connecting and fixing connecting rod (8).
In the utility model, the aperture of the sieve plate of the separating device (2) is 2-10mm, and the flexible selection and the matching replacement can be realized according to the specification and the size of the Chinese medicinal material decoction pieces to be processed.
The utility model relates to a science, novel structure, convenient operation, the technological effect who produces is showing, draws the jar with current conventional multi-functional formula traditional chinese medicine and compares, the utility model has the following substantive characteristics and progress:
1. through increase separator in the main part jar and will draw the jar and divide into two relatively independent rooms to make the medicinal material of different types, characteristic separately place and avoid direct contact, avoid effectively that the decocte in-process part is easily boiled thoroughly, boil the surface parcel of the paste that the rotten medicinal material produced to other medicinal materials, reduce the paste and dissolve out the adhesion, the embedding of composition especially volatile oil to the medicinal material, improve transfer rate and the yield of medicinal material composition, shorten the extraction time, reduce the energy consumption.
2. The utility model discloses in, the separator adopts even porous flat or straight cylinder sieve structure, makes and is the state of relative isolation by two chambeies of divided, has both avoided the direct contact of different medicinal materials, has remain the advantage that "crowd's medicine closes to fry in shallow oil" again, makes in the liquid medicine different medicinal materials extract the state that the composition keeps dynamic interchange, has improved the quality of medicinal material extract.
3. The inventor changes the single-chamber extraction operation mode of low extraction rate and time and energy consumption of the conventional multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine extraction tank through innovative design, improves the extraction rate by 15 percent on the premise of ensuring the product quality, shortens the extraction time by 25 percent, is suitable for mixed extraction of traditional Chinese medicinal materials of different types and textures, solves the common technical problems of low extraction rate of medicinal material components, large energy consumption, long time consumption and the like in 'group medicine combined decoction', and meets the requirement of green production of the traditional Chinese medicine at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a separation-type Chinese medicine extraction device (the separation device is a flat plate sieve plate structure)
The scores in the figures are as follows: 1-tank body; 2-a partition plate; 3-a first feeding port; 4-a second feeding port; 5-card slot structure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a partitioned Chinese medicinal extraction device (the partition device is a straight-tube sieve plate structure)
The scores in the figures are as follows: 1-tank body; 2-a partition plate; 3-a first feeding port; 4-a second feeding port; 5-a card slot structure; 6-buckling; 7-buckling; 8-fixed connecting rod.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the horizontal section of a partitioned Chinese medicine extracting device (the partition device is a flat plate sieve plate structure)
The scores in the figures are as follows: 1-tank body; 2-a partition plate; 5-card slot structure.
FIG. 4 is a top view of the horizontal section of a partitioned Chinese medicinal extraction device (the partition device is in the form of a straight-tube sieve plate)
The scores in the figures are as follows: 1-tank body; 2-a partition plate; 5-a card slot structure; 6-buckling; 7-buckling; 8-fixed connecting rod.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the separator
The scores in the figures are as follows: 2-partition plate.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1 Structure and operation Process of cellular-type Equipment for extracting traditional Chinese medicine (Flat plate Sieve plate)
As shown in the attached figure 1, the main part of the extraction tank of the utility model is provided with a tank body 1 and a heating jacket which have the same or similar structure with the prior conventional multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine extraction tank. A uniform and porous flat plate type sieve plate structure separating device 2 is arranged in the tank body 1, and divides the internal space of the tank body 1 into a left chamber and a right chamber through a clamping groove structure fixed on the inner wall of the tank body 1, wherein the clamping groove structure 5 is composed of 2 linear C-shaped rails vertical to the transverse section of the tank body 1 and 1 arc-shaped C-shaped rail flatly attached to the bottom of the tank body 1; the first feeding port 3 and the second feeding port 4 are opened at the upper part of the tank body 1 and are respectively and vertically communicated with the corresponding left chamber and the right chamber.
During the extraction of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, according to the type and the texture difference of the decocted medicinal materials, the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces needing long decoction and extraction time are firstly added into the left chamber of the tank body 1 from the first feeding port 3 according to the parameter requirements, and then an appropriate amount of extraction solvent is added into the tank for the first-stage decoction and extraction. Opening the extraction tank at a proper time, adding the Chinese medicinal decoction pieces with short decoction extraction time into the right chamber of the tank body 1 from the second feeding port 4 according to parameter requirements, and performing second-stage combined decoction extraction. In the process of decocting medicinal materials, the two medicinal materials are decocted and extracted in a relatively isolated state by utilizing the separating device with the porous sieve plate structure, the advantages of 'group medicine decocting' are kept, meanwhile, the surface wrapping of paste which is easily boiled thoroughly and is generated by boiling the medicinal materials in the decocting process on other medicinal materials is effectively avoided, the adhesion and embedding of the paste on the dissolved components of the medicinal materials, particularly volatile oil, are reduced, the transfer rate and the yield of the medicinal materials are improved, the extraction time is shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced. After extraction is finished, collecting the decoction extract, draining the decoction dregs, and cleaning the extraction equipment with water.
Example 2 Structure and operation Process of cellular-type Equipment for extracting traditional Chinese medicine (straight-tube-type sieve plate)
As shown in the attached figure 2, the main part of the extraction tank of the utility model is provided with a tank body 1 and a heating jacket which have the same or similar structure with the prior conventional multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine extraction tank. The tank body 1 is internally provided with a partition device 2 with a uniform and porous straight-cylinder sieve plate structure, the partition device divides the internal space of the tank body 1 into an inner chamber and an outer chamber through a clamping groove structure fixed on the inner wall of the tank body 1, and the clamping groove structure 5 is composed of 1 circular C-shaped track which takes the center of the bottom of the tank body 1 as the center of a circle and is flatly attached to the bottom of the tank body 1. In addition, the separating device 2 is fixed by a buckle 6 arranged at the upper edge of the sieve plate, a buckle 7 arranged on the inner wall of the tank body and a connecting and fixing connecting rod 8; the first feeding port 3 and the second feeding port 4 are opened at the upper part of the tank body 1 and are respectively and vertically communicated with the corresponding inner chamber and the corresponding outer chamber.
During the extraction of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, according to the type and the texture difference of the decocted medicinal materials, the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces needing long decoction and extraction time are firstly added into the chamber in the tank body 1 from the first feeding port 3 according to the parameter requirements, and then an appropriate amount of extraction solvent is added into the tank for the first-stage decoction and extraction. Opening the extraction tank at a proper time, adding the Chinese medicinal decoction pieces with short decoction extraction time into the outer chamber of the tank body 1 from the second feeding port 4 according to parameter requirements, and performing second-stage combined decoction extraction. In the process of decocting medicinal materials, the two medicinal materials are decocted and extracted in a relatively isolated state by utilizing the separating device with the porous sieve plate structure, the advantages of 'group medicine decocting' are kept, meanwhile, the surface wrapping of paste which is easily boiled thoroughly and is generated by boiling the medicinal materials in the decocting process on other medicinal materials is effectively avoided, the adhesion and embedding of the paste on the dissolved components of the medicinal materials, particularly volatile oil, are reduced, the transfer rate and the yield of the medicinal materials are improved, the extraction time is shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced. After extraction is finished, collecting the decoction extract, draining the decoction dregs, and cleaning the extraction equipment with water.
Example 3 experiment for extracting volatile oil from radix Angelicae sinensis and flos Lonicerae by using separated Chinese medicinal extraction equipment (plate sieve plate)
The same batch of angelica and honeysuckle are taken to be decocted and extracted according to the proportion of 1:1, the four parts of volatile oil determination method (general rule 2204B method) of the 2015 version of Chinese pharmacopoeia, a conventional multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine extraction tank and the separation type traditional Chinese medicine extraction equipment of the utility model are respectively used for extraction, the test is stopped when the medicinal materials are completely extracted, the volume of the volatile oil is determined, and the test result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of volatile oil extraction test of Angelica and honeysuckle
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA0002751987480000051
From the test results, the total volatile oil yields of the three test groups were 0.38%, 0.26%, and 0.30%, respectively, under the condition that the conditions such as extraction temperature were kept consistent. Compared with the conventional volatile oil extraction equipment, the utility model discloses cellular-type traditional chinese medicine extraction equipment's volatile oil yield improves more than 15%, and the volatile oil extraction rate is showing and is improving, and the extraction time shortens 25%, and the extraction efficiency obviously risees. And (3) comparing the volatile oil obtained by the three groups of tests in a 5mL colorimetric tube, and visually observing the colors of the volatile oil of the three groups to be basically consistent.
Example 4 Experimental study on extracting effective components of rhizoma Chuanxiong and flos Chrysanthemi with a partitioned Chinese medicinal extraction device (straight sieve plate)
The same batch of ligusticum wallichii and chrysanthemum are decocted and extracted according to the proportion of 1:1, the conventional multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine extraction tank and the separation type traditional Chinese medicine extraction equipment are respectively used for extraction, the test is stopped when the medicinal materials are completely extracted, and the content of the main effective component ligustrazine of the ligusticum wallichii is determined. The test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 extraction test results of effective components of Chuan Xiong and Juhua
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA0002751987480000052
From the test results, it was found that the ligustrazine content in the extract solutions of the two test groups was 155.3g and 179.6g, respectively, under the condition that the conditions such as the extraction temperature were kept the same. Compare with conventional multi-functional formula traditional chinese medicine extraction tank, use the utility model discloses cellular-type traditional chinese medicine extraction equipment's ligustrazine content improves more than 15%, and the ligustrazine extraction rate is showing and is improving, and the extraction time shortens 16%, and extraction efficiency obviously risees.
Example 5 preparation of Chaihin oral liquid by separation type Chinese medicine extraction device (Flat plate sieve plate)
According to the formula of the Chaihin oral liquid (bupleurum 100g, honeysuckle 75g, scutellaria 60g, kudzu root 50g, schizonepeta 50g, sweet wormwood 75g, forsythia 75g, balloonflower 50g, bitter apricot seed 50g, peppermint 75g, cordate houttuynia 75g) of the first version of the 'Chinese pharmacopoeia' 2015 year version, the medicinal material quantity is amplified by 100 times, the conventional multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine extraction tank is respectively used and the utility model discloses the partitioned traditional Chinese medicine extraction equipment extracts and prepares the Chaihin oral liquid.
The utility model discloses cellular-type traditional chinese medicine draws equipment mainly includes following operating step: crushing bitter apricot kernels into coarse particles, adding the coarse particles and six medicinal materials such as radix bupleuri, sweet wormwood herb, fructus forsythiae, herba schizonepetae, mint, herba houttuyniae and the like into a left chamber of a tank body 1 from a first feeding port 3, adding honeysuckle into a right chamber of the tank body from a second feeding port 4, soaking the medicinal materials in water for 2 hours, heating and decocting until the medicinal materials are completely extracted, collecting volatile oil, and measuring the volume of the volatile oil. Adding the rest three medicinal materials such as Scutellariae radix into the left chamber of the tank 1 from the first feeding port 3, decocting with the residue in water for three times, each for 2 hr, to obtain extractive solution for measuring baicalin content of Scutellariae radix as main effective component.
The traditional Chinese medicine extracting tank is used for extracting and preparing the Chaihin oral liquid according to the conventional operation steps. The test results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 test results of preparing Chaihin oral liquid
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA0002751987480000061
From the test results, it was found that the total volatile oil yields of the two test groups were 0.42% and 0.49% respectively, while the conditions such as the extraction temperature were kept the same. Compared with the conventional volatile oil extraction equipment, the utility model discloses cellular-type traditional chinese medicine extraction equipment's volatile oil yield improves more than 16%, and the volatile oil extraction rate is showing and is improving, and the extraction time shortens 25%, and the extraction efficiency obviously risees. The volatile oils obtained in the two groups of tests are placed in a 5mL colorimetric tube for comparison, and the colors of the volatile oils in the two groups of tests are basically consistent through visual inspection by naked eyes. In addition, the baicalin content in the extract liquid of the two test groups is 661.2g and 763.5g respectively. Compared with the conventional multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine extraction tank, the utility model has the advantages that the baicalin content of the separated traditional Chinese medicine extraction equipment is improved by more than 15 percent, and the baicalin extraction rate is obviously improved.
The basic principles and main features of the present invention, and the advantages of the present invention have been described above. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments are not to be considered as limiting, and any modifications and variations made based on the principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (9)

1. A separate type traditional Chinese medicine extraction device mainly comprises a tank body (1), a separating device (2), a first feeding port (3) and a second feeding port (4), and is characterized in that the separating device (2) is of a sieve plate structure with uniform and porous holes and divides the internal space of the tank body (1) into two chambers; the first feeding port (3) and the second feeding port (4) are opened at the upper part of the tank body (1) and are respectively communicated with the two chambers.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the dividing means (2) is a plate-type or straight-tube-type sieve plate structure with uniform holes and divides the inner space of the tank (1) into left and right or inner and outer chambers by a movable connection.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the movable connection is any one of a slot connection, a bolt connection and a locking connection.
4. The apparatus according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the dividing means (2) is a flat screen plate structure with uniform holes and divides the inner space of the tank (1) into left and right chambers by a slot connection; the first feeding port (3) and the second feeding port (4) are opened at the upper part of the tank body (1) and are respectively and vertically communicated with the corresponding left chamber and the right chamber.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the partition means (2) divides the inner space of the tank (1) into left and right chambers by means of a slot structure (5) fixed to the inner wall of the tank (1) along a longitudinal section of the tank (1); the clamping groove structure (5) is composed of 2 linear C-shaped rails perpendicular to the transverse section of the tank body (1) and 1 arc-shaped C-shaped rail flatly attached to the bottom of the tank body (1).
6. The apparatus according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the separating device (2) is a straight cylinder type sieve plate structure with uniform and multiple holes and divides the inner space of the tank body (1) into an inner chamber and an outer chamber through a clamping groove connection; the first feeding port (3) and the second feeding port (4) are opened at the upper part of the tank body (1) and are respectively and vertically communicated with the corresponding inner chamber and the corresponding outer chamber.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the separation device (2) divides the inner space of the tank body (1) into an inner chamber and an outer chamber along the concentric ring surface of the tank body (1) through a clamping groove structure (5) fixed at the bottom of the tank body (1); the clamping groove structure (5) is composed of 1 circular C-shaped track which takes the center of the bottom of the tank body (1) as the circle center and is flatly attached to the bottom of the tank body (1).
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the separating device (2) is fixed by means of a snap (6) arranged at the upper edge of the screen plate and a snap (7) on the inner wall of the tank and a connecting and fixing rod (8).
9. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the screen plate aperture of the separating means (2) is 2-10 mm.
CN202020361116.9U 2020-03-20 2020-03-20 Separated traditional Chinese medicine extraction equipment Active CN212141549U (en)

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