CN212019676U - Vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device - Google Patents
Vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN212019676U CN212019676U CN201922130333.7U CN201922130333U CN212019676U CN 212019676 U CN212019676 U CN 212019676U CN 201922130333 U CN201922130333 U CN 201922130333U CN 212019676 U CN212019676 U CN 212019676U
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Abstract
The application provides a vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device, which comprises a vacuum chamber, an electrode, a coil and a pressure device, wherein the electrode is arranged on the vacuum chamber; a heating platform for placing an aluminum block and a steel block to be connected is arranged in the vacuum chamber; the pressure device penetrates through the vacuum chamber and is positioned above the aluminum block and the steel block to be connected; the electrode is positioned on the heating platform and is in close contact with the aluminum block or the steel block to be connected; the pressure device and the electrode are respectively connected with a direct current power supply outside the vacuum chamber; the two coils are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the aluminum block and the steel block to be connected and connected with a magnetic control power supply outside the vacuum chamber, and the polarities of the coils on the same horizontal plane are opposite. The method has the advantages that the method provides micro current through a small direct current welding power supply, melts the low-temperature brazing filler metal placed on the inner side of the workpiece on the premise of not reaching the melting point of the aluminum steel, inhibits the generation of Fe-Al intermetallic compounds, and improves the mechanical property of a welding joint.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of welding, and relates to a vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connection method.
Background
Aluminum and aluminum alloy have a series of advantages of low density, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, electric conduction, heat conduction and the like, are one of the most widely applied light metals at present, and steel is a metal with better plastic toughness and high strength and is widely applied in the manufacturing industry. Along with the deterioration of global environment and the gradual and severe energy supply, the environmental protection and energy saving are more and more emphasized by various countries in the world, and the aluminum/steel structure and the composite joint thereof have the advantages of high specific strength of two materials, light weight, good heat and electricity conduction and the like, and can be widely applied to the industrial fields of automobiles, nuclear power, ships, aerospace and the like. Since the 60s in the 20 th world, foreign scholars have systematically studied the connection between aluminum and steel, and the connection relates to various methods in the multidisciplinary field, and is mainly divided into three methods of fusion welding, pressure welding and brazing according to the characteristics of welding process. However, because the physical properties of the aluminum and steel materials are different greatly and the solid solubility between the aluminum and steel materials is low, a brittle intermetallic compound of Fe-Al is easily formed in the welding process, and the performance of the joint is deteriorated. The pressure welding and brazing method has the advantages that the base material is kept in a solid state in the welding process, and meanwhile, the welding heat input can be accurately controlled, so that the joint performance is generally not limited by the thickness of the intermetallic compound, and the pressure welding and brazing method is suitable for the connection of aluminum steel materials, but the whole set of pressure welding and brazing equipment is extremely expensive, and the application of the pressure welding and brazing equipment in practical production is limited. The fusion welding method is relatively low in cost, but intermetallic compounds are inevitably formed due to overhigh temperature in the welding process. The welding and brazing method applied in recent years has achieved relatively good welding effect, but the joint has poor corrosion resistance after welding due to the fact that the joint is subjected to galvanizing treatment or other intermediate layers to inhibit the generation of intermetallic compounds, and is limited in special application. Therefore, in order to inhibit the generation of Fe-Al intermetallic compounds and reduce the welding cost, a vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connection method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to solve the defects of the prior art and provide a vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connection method, which is characterized in that a small direct current power supply is used for providing a small current, and a low-temperature brazing filler metal placed on the inner side of a workpiece is melted on the premise of not reaching an aluminum-steel melting point, so that the generation of Fe-Al intermetallic compounds is inhibited, and the mechanical property of a welding joint is improved. The technical scheme is that the method comprises the following steps of,
a vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device comprises a vacuum chamber, an electrode, a coil and a pressure device; a heating platform for placing an aluminum block and a steel block to be connected is arranged in the vacuum chamber; the pressure device penetrates through the vacuum chamber and is positioned above the aluminum block and the steel block to be connected; the electrode is positioned on the heating platform and is in close contact with the aluminum block or the steel block to be connected; the pressure device and the electrode are respectively connected with a direct current power supply outside the vacuum chamber; the two coils are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the aluminum block and the steel block to be connected and connected with a magnetic control power supply outside the vacuum chamber, and the polarities of the coils on the same horizontal plane are opposite.
The coil is wound on the L-shaped magnetizer and fixed in the vacuum chamber through the clamp, and the bottom of the magnetizer is positioned on two sides of the contact surface of the aluminum block and the steel block.
The pressure device comprises a pressure head which is made of conductive materials and is positioned in the vacuum chamber.
A sealing conversion device is arranged between the vacuum chamber and the pressure device; the sealing conversion device comprises a T-shaped block, the T-shaped block is provided with a through hole, and an annular sealing gasket is arranged in the through hole; the pressure device acts on the aluminum block or the steel block to be connected through the T-shaped block.
The vacuum chamber is provided with a circuit connecting device, and the coil, the electrode and the pressure head in the vacuum chamber are respectively connected with an external magnetic control power supply and a direct current power supply through the circuit connecting device.
The adjustable range of the current of the direct current power supply is 0-50A; the magnetic control power supply can be a direct current power supply or an alternating current power supply.
Vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is 0-0.1 × 10-3pa; the temperature of the heating platform is 0-300 ℃.
Has the advantages that:
1) crushing an oxide film on the surface of a workpiece through a pressure device, preheating the workpiece and the low-temperature brazing filler metal mixed with graphene by means of a heating platform, promoting wetting of the low-temperature brazing filler metal on the surface of the workpiece, melting the low-temperature brazing filler metal between an aluminum block and a steel block through resistance heat formed by micro current, and inhibiting generation of intermetallic compounds;
2) the current direction is crossed with the magnetic field, the motion rule of charged particles in the contact surface of the steel block and the aluminum block can be changed under the action of the magnetic field, the connection of dissimilar metals of the aluminum block and the steel block is accelerated, a high-quality welding line is obtained, the welding efficiency is greatly improved, and the welding cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a steel block surface drilling hole;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of surface processing of a steel block;
wherein, 1-vacuum chamber; 2-a pressure device; 21-pressure head; 3-sealing the conversion device; 4-a heating platform; 5-graphite plates; 6-an electrode; 7-a limiting block; 8-a circuit connection device; 9-a clamp; 10-a coil; 11-a magnetizer; 12-an aluminum block; 13-rigid block; 14-brazing filler metal; 15-an insulating pad; 16-support legs; 17-a magnetic control power supply; 18-direct current power supply.
Detailed Description
The techniques are further described below in conjunction with figures 1-3 and the specific embodiments to aid in understanding the present application.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a vacuum magnetic conductive aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device comprises a vacuum chamber 1, an electrode 6 and a pressure device 2; a heating platform 4 is arranged in the vacuum chamber 1, and a graphite plate 5 for placing an aluminum block 12 and a steel block 13 to be connected is arranged on the heating platform 4; the pressure device 2 penetrates through the vacuum chamber 1 and is positioned above the aluminum block 12 and the steel block 13 to be connected; the electrode 6 is fixed on the graphite plate 5, there are cavities in it, the aluminium block 12 or steel block 13 to be connected is fitted in the electrode 6, and contact closely with it, the pressure device 2, the electrode 6 is connected with direct current power supply 18 outside the vacuum chamber 1 separately, there are two coils 10 in the vacuum chamber 1, the coil 10 symmetric distribution is in waiting to connect the both sides of aluminium block 12 and steel block 13, the coil 10 twines on magnetizer 11, fix in the vacuum chamber 1 through the clamp 9, the coil 10 is connected with magnetic control power supply 17 outside the vacuum chamber 1, the polarity of the coil 10 on the identity horizontal plane is opposite, its setting method is two kinds: one is that the winding directions of the coils 10 are the same, and the current directions are opposite; the other is that the winding directions of the coils 10 are opposite, the current directions are the same, and the magnetic control power supply 17 adopts a direct current or alternating current power supply. The number of turns of the coil 10 is 0-500 turns, the magnetizer 11 is L-shaped, the bottom of the magnetizer is positioned at two sides of the contact surface of the aluminum block 12 or the steel block 13, and Q235 material is selected.
The vacuum chamber 1 is provided with a circuit connecting device 8, the circuit connecting device 8 is embedded in the side wall of the vacuum chamber 1, the circuit connecting device 8 and the side wall of the vacuum chamber 1 are sealed by sealant, an electrode 6 and a pressure head 21 in the vacuum chamber 1 are connected with a direct current power supply 18 through the circuit connecting device 8 by using a lead, and the current of the direct current power supply 18 can be adjusted within the range of 0-50A; the coil 10 is connected with a magnetic control power supply 17 through a circuit connecting device 8 by utilizing a cable in a water and electricity integrated mode.
The graphite plate 5 has good chemical stability and good heat conduction effect, and has a protection effect on the heating platform 4.
The bottom of the vacuum chamber 1 is provided with a supporting leg 16, and the heating platform 4 is fixed on the supporting leg 16.
The two sides of the fixed electrode 6 are provided with limit blocks 7, and the limit blocks 7 are fixed on the graphite plate 5.
The pressure device 2 comprises a driving motor, a movable shaft connected with the driving motor and a pressure head 21 fixedly connected with the movable shaft, wherein the pressure head 21 is made of conductive materials and is positioned in the vacuum chamber 1, and an insulating pad 15 is arranged between the pressure head 21 and the movable shaft; the pressure device 2 has a pressure in the range of 0-30 KN.
A sealing conversion device 3 is arranged between the vacuum chamber 1 and the pressure device 2; the sealing conversion device comprises a T-shaped block, the T-shaped block is provided with a through hole, and an annular sealing gasket is arranged in the through hole; the pressure device 2 acts on the aluminum block 12 or the steel block 13 to be connected through the T-shaped block.
The vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 1 is 0-0.1 multiplied by 10-3pa; the temperature of the heating platform is 0-300 ℃.
In the application, the positions of the aluminum block 12 or the steel block 13 can be interchanged, the shape is circular or square, the illustration 1 only shows that the aluminum block 12 is positioned on the steel block 13, the two are schematic diagrams of the square, and the thickness of the aluminum block 12 or the steel block 13 to be connected is 0.1-10 mm.
A vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connection method comprises the following welding steps of an aluminum block 12 and a steel block 13 to be connected:
(1) before welding, the steel block 13 or the aluminum block 12 to be connected is directly placed on the graphite plate 5 on the heating platform 4 without polishing, and the thickness of the aluminum block 12 or the steel block 13 is 3 mm;
(2) brazing filler metal 14 is placed between the aluminum 12 and the steel 13 to be joined, together on the graphite plate 5;
(3) the aluminum block 12 and the steel block 13 to be connected are pressed tightly by the pressure device 2, the valve of the vacuum chamber 1 is closed, and the vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10-2pa, opening the heating platform 4, and preheating the aluminum block 12 and the steel block 13 to be connected at the preheating temperature of 60 ℃;
(4) starting a magnetic control power supply 17, starting a direct current power supply 18 after a magnetic field is stabilized, wherein the current is 20A, the current returns to the direct current power supply 18 through a pressure head 21, the aluminum block 12 and the steel block 13 to be processed and the electrode 6, and the welding is started, wherein the welding time is 1-60s, and preferably 20 s; at the moment, the current and the magnetic field are crossed to generate Lorentz force, so that the motion rule of original ions is changed, and the welding efficiency and quality are improved; the pressure head 21 generates heat and acts on the brazing filler metal 14 together with the heating platform 4, so that the melting of the brazing filler metal 14 is further accelerated, and the welding efficiency is improved.
(5) And after the welding is finished, closing the heating platform 4, deflating after the temperature is recovered to the room temperature, lifting the pressure device 2, enabling the pressure head 21 to leave the aluminum block 12 and the steel block 13, breaking the current, taking down the aluminum block 12 and the steel block 13 which are welded together, and finishing the welding.
In the step (1), before welding, the pressure of the pressure device 2 is set to 10KN, and the oxide film between the aluminum block 12 and the steel block 13 can be broken by using the pressure head 21.
In order to increase the utilization space of the brazing filler metal 14, the connected steel block 13 or aluminum block 12 can be drilled with regularly distributed small holes on the surface by a machining mode, and can also be milled into a square or rectangular regular shape, and the schematic drawing of the machined surface of the steel block 13 is given in fig. 2 and 3.
In the step (2), a mixture of graphene and brazing filler metal 14 can be added, the brazing filler metal 14 and the graphene are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, and the mixture is placed between the aluminum block 12 and the steel block 13 to be connected.
The working principle is as follows:
before welding, the steel block 13 or the aluminum block 12 to be connected is directly placed on the graphite plate 5 on the heating platform 4; placing brazing filler metal 14 between the aluminum 12 and the steel 13 to be connected, pressing the aluminum block 12 and the steel block 13 to be connected tightly through a pressure head 21 on the pressure device 2, closing a valve of the vacuum chamber 1, opening the heating platform 4, and preheating the aluminum block 12 and the steel block 13 through heat conduction of the graphite plate 5; starting a magnetic control power supply 17, starting a direct current power supply 18 after the magnetic field is stabilized, and starting welding; and after the welding is finished, closing the heating platform 4, deflating after the temperature is recovered to the room temperature, lifting the pressure device 2, and taking down the aluminum block 12 and the steel block 13 which are welded together.
The apparatus and method can also be used for welding other dissimilar metals according to the same principle.
It is understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present application, and the present application is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art can make variations, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a different kind metal connecting device of vacuum magnetic conduction formula aluminium steel which characterized in that: comprises a vacuum chamber, an electrode, a coil and a pressure device; a heating platform for placing an aluminum block and a steel block to be connected is arranged in the vacuum chamber; the pressure device penetrates through the vacuum chamber and is positioned above the aluminum block and the steel block to be connected; the electrode is positioned on the heating platform and is in close contact with the aluminum block or the steel block to be connected; the pressure device and the electrode are respectively connected with a direct current power supply outside the vacuum chamber; the two coils are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the aluminum block and the steel block to be connected and connected with a magnetic control power supply outside the vacuum chamber, and the polarities of the two coils on the same horizontal plane are opposite.
2. The vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coil is wound on the L-shaped magnetizer and fixed in the vacuum chamber through the clamp, and the bottoms of the magnetizers are positioned on two sides of the contact surface of the aluminum block and the steel block.
3. The vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the pressure device comprises a pressure head which is made of conductive materials and is positioned in the vacuum chamber.
4. The vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a sealing conversion device is arranged between the vacuum chamber and the pressure device; the sealing conversion device comprises a T-shaped block, the T-shaped block is provided with a through hole, and an annular sealing gasket is arranged in the through hole; the pressure device acts on the aluminum block or the steel block to be connected through the T-shaped block.
5. The vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: and the coil, the electrode and the pressure head in the vacuum chamber are respectively connected with an external magnetic control power supply and a direct current power supply through the circuit connecting device.
6. The vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the adjustable range of the current of the direct current power supply is 0-50A; the magnetic control power supply can be a direct current power supply or an alternating current power supply.
7. The vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is 0-0.1 multiplied by 10-3pa; the temperature of the heating platform is 0-300 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201922130333.7U CN212019676U (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201922130333.7U CN212019676U (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device |
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| CN212019676U true CN212019676U (en) | 2020-11-27 |
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| CN201922130333.7U Active CN212019676U (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Vacuum magnetic conduction type aluminum steel dissimilar metal connecting device |
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