CN211625261U - Skid-mounted medical waste incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

A skid-mounted medical waste incinerator belongs to the field of medical waste treatment and incineration equipment, a furnace body is surrounded by a heat insulation furnace wall, a U-shaped cavity is formed inside the furnace body, and the furnace body is of a skid-mounted structure; three combustion chambers are arranged in the U-shaped cavity, a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber are positioned on one side of the U-shaped cavity, the other side of the U-shaped cavity is provided with a reburning chamber, an air-cooled grate is arranged between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber, an ash bin is arranged right below the secondary combustion chamber, a fixed grate is arranged between the secondary combustion chamber and the ash bin, and a thermal storage tracery wall is fixed at the joint of the secondary combustion chamber and the reburning chamber; the primary combustion chamber is provided with a primary combustor, and the reburning chamber is provided with a secondary combustor. Solid medical waste and liquid or thick medical waste separately feed and separately burn, guarantee to burn each other noninterference, burn through three times, twice, guarantee that harmful substance in the medical waste is fully burnt, schizolysis, guarantee medical waste innocent treatment.

Description

Skid-mounted medical waste incinerator

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of medical waste treatment and incineration equipment, and particularly relates to a skid-mounted medical waste incinerator.

Background

The medical waste refers to waste with direct or indirect infectivity, toxicity and the like generated by various medical and health institutions in medical treatment, prevention, health care, teaching, scientific research and other related activities.

Medical waste can be divided into five major categories: infectious waste, pathological waste, traumatic waste, pharmaceutical waste, and chemical waste. If the medical waste can not be treated practically and reliably, the environment and the human health are seriously harmed. At present, there are various technologies for final treatment of medical waste, and according to the treatment process and treatment mode, the treatment process generally includes: three methods of sterilization, disinfection, landfill and incineration.

The sterilization and disinfection method is the most common medical waste treatment method, and the medical waste can be recycled and comprehensively utilized after being sterilized and disinfected, so that the method is an ideal treatment method for the medical waste. However, the sterilization and disinfection technology has various treatment processes, and has certain limitation and pertinence, and although the specific treatment effect is achieved for some specific medical wastes, the treatment process has the defects of high operation difficulty and poor sterilization and disinfection thoroughness;

the landfill method is a saving and convenient treatment method, is a final treatment mode of solid waste, however, for medical waste, because of the particularity, the medical waste is generally not allowed to be mixed into domestic waste for landfill, and when the medical waste is directly buried, a large amount of perishable substances and corrosive substances in the medical waste also pose a threat to the stability of a landfill site;

the incineration method is a method for completely eliminating or destroying harmful substances and germs in the medical waste by utilizing high temperature, decomposing the harmful substances and germs into gas and residues, and performing necessary harmless treatment on the discharged smoke and residues, has the advantages of large volume reduction and decrement, good disinfection and sterilization effects, stability, safety and the like, and is an optimal treatment method for the medical waste.

Since the medical waste refers to the contaminated waste produced by hospitals after contacting blood, flesh and the like of patients, the longer the medical waste is placed, the greater the harm is. The medical waste is required to be treated in time in the above way, an incineration treatment method is generally used for better treatment effect, but the medical waste is divided into the five categories, and at present, different methods are adopted for incineration aiming at medical waste classification, so that the treatment is quite inconvenient, firstly, the medical waste needs to be treated in a centralized way, needs to be specially collected by a hospital, immediately packed and sprayed with medicines for disinfection, and then is sent to a medical waste centralized incineration treatment plant for treatment through a special transport vehicle, and if the medical waste is not treated in time and accumulated, a large amount of bacteria and viruses are bred; secondly, the construction cost of the common incinerator is high, the period is long, and the occupied area is large, so that the construction of the incinerator on the selected land has certain requirements; thirdly, if the solid waste and the liquid waste are incinerated together without classification, the solid waste and the liquid waste are not combusted completely, waste residues are easy to generate, the waste treatment is not thorough, the expected treatment effect cannot be obtained, and secondary pollution can be caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a skid-mounted medical waste incinerator, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, and can incinerate medical waste in time to reduce the harm caused by the medical waste as much as possible.

The skid-mounted medical waste incinerator comprises a cube or cuboid furnace body, wherein the furnace body is surrounded by a heat insulation furnace wall, a U-shaped cavity is formed inside the furnace body, the furnace body is of a skid-mounted structure, a heat insulation layer is wrapped around the furnace body, a protection plate is arranged on the top surface of the furnace body, the bottom surface of the furnace body is fixed on a steel frame, a flue outlet is formed in the upper surface of the furnace body, and a solid medical waste feeding port, a secondary combustion chamber inspection hole, an ash hole in an ash residue bin, a liquid or thick medical waste feeding port and a reburning chamber ash hole are formed in two side surfaces of the furnace body respectively. The incinerator adopts a three-stage combustion mode according to the characteristics of medical wastes, so that three combustion chambers are arranged in a U-shaped cavity, a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber are positioned on one side of the U-shaped cavity, the primary combustion chamber is communicated with a solid medical waste feeding port, the secondary combustion chamber is communicated with a secondary combustion chamber inspection hole, the other side of the U-shaped cavity is provided with a reburning chamber, the top end of the reburning chamber is communicated with a flue outlet, the middle part of the reburning chamber is communicated with a liquid or thick medical waste feeding port, the lower part of the reburning chamber is communicated with a reburning chamber ash drawing hole, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber mainly burn the solid medical wastes, and the reburning chamber burns the liquid or thick medical wastes; an air-cooled grate is arranged between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber, the air-cooled grate is used for cooling and protecting the grate by means of negative pressure of a system self-absorption natural cold air, and meanwhile, the sucked cold air enters an upper combustion bin of the re-combustion chamber as air required for combustion assistance, which is equivalent to the input of secondary air, and is beneficial to further and completely burning up the organic components which are not burned out or escaped from flue gas; the secondary combustion chamber is positioned under the primary combustion chamber, so that carbon particles easily generated by burning solid medical wastes enter the secondary combustion chamber for secondary burning, the thorough burning of organic matters and ash residues is ensured, the ash residue bin is arranged under the secondary combustion chamber, the fixed grate is arranged between the secondary combustion chamber and the ash residue bin, a heat storage tracery wall is fixed at the joint of the secondary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber, the heat storage tracery wall has the functions of storing heat and disturbing a flue gas dynamic field, the unburned organic matters in the flue gas are ensured to be fully burned out, carbon ions and dust carried in the flue gas are separated by inertia, and the carbon ions and the dust are burned out again in the secondary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber; the primary combustion chamber is provided with a primary combustor, the reburning chamber is provided with a secondary combustor, and the primary combustor and the secondary combustor are communicated with external auxiliary fuel to provide sufficient fuel for combustion.

Further, the reburning chamber is divided into an upper burning chamber and a lower burning chamber, the space volume of the upper burning chamber is larger than that of the lower burning chamber, a liquid or thick medical garbage burning box is arranged on a connecting table surface between the upper burning chamber and the lower burning chamber, and the liquid or thick medical garbage burning box is communicated with a liquid or thick medical garbage feeding port.

The preferred heat storage tracery wall is made of high-alumina refractory materials, a plurality of high-temperature flue gas runners are arranged on the wall body of the heat storage tracery wall, and venturi tubes are installed in the high-temperature flue gas runners.

Furthermore, the air-cooled grate and the horizontal plane form an included angle of 20-40 degrees, and the air-cooled grate is obliquely inserted into the furnace body and is positioned and fixed through screws.

Further, the incineration temperature in the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber is not lower than 750 ℃.

The burning temperature of the reburning chamber is above 850 ℃.

The invention has the advantages that the incinerator adopts a skid-mounted structure, has the advantages of small floor area, compact structure, quick installation, flexible installation, portability and mobility, greatly shortens the installation period, has simple requirements on selected places, and can find one place of 70-100m in the hospital range²The site can be constructed, so that the medical waste can be conveniently and timely treated, and the breeding of a large amount of bacteria and viruses caused by long storage time can be prevented; solid medical garbage and liquid or thick medical garbage are separately fed and burned to ensure mutual burning without interference, and the solid medical garbage is first burned and then the fume and liquid are burnedThe mode of the solid or thick medical waste ensures that carbon particles easily generated by burning the solid medical waste enter a reburning chamber to be burned again, thereby ensuring the thorough burning of organic matters and ash residues; the air-cooled grate is adopted and is cooled and protected by the negative pressure of a system to absorb natural cold air, so that the damage rate of the grate is reduced, and the maintenance cost of equipment is reduced; the energy generated by burning the solid medical waste is fully utilized to burn the liquid or thick medical waste, so that the consumption of auxiliary fuel is reduced; a heat storage tracery wall is arranged between the secondary combustion chamber and the reburning chamber, and has the functions of heat storage and disturbance of a flue gas dynamic field, so that unburned organic matters in the flue gas are fully burnt out; the furnace body is designed by adopting three combustion chambers with U-shaped cavities and is formed by building a heat insulation furnace wall in a surrounding way; after three times of incineration and two times of burnout, harmful substances in infectious waste, pathological waste, traumatic waste, medicinal waste and chemical waste are fully burnt out and cracked, and the harmless treatment of the medical waste is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view;

FIG. 2 is a side view;

FIG. 3 is a top view;

FIG. 4 is a partial view of an air-cooled grate attachment;

as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the heat insulation furnace wall (1), the heat insulation layer (2), the guard plate (3), the steel frame (4), the flue outlet (5), the solid medical waste feeding port (6), the secondary combustion chamber inspection hole (7), the ash hole (8) in the ash bin, the liquid or thick medical waste feeding port (9), the ash hole (10) in the secondary combustion chamber, the primary combustion chamber (11), the secondary combustion chamber (12), the secondary combustion chamber (13), the air-cooled grate (14), the ash bin (15), the fixed grate (16), the thermal storage tracery wall (17), the primary combustor (18), the secondary combustor (19), the upper combustion chamber (20), the lower combustion chamber (21), the liquid or thick medical waste combustion box (22) and the high-temperature flue gas flow channel (23).

Detailed Description

The utility model provides a sled dress medical waste burns burning furnace, furnace body including square or cuboid, the structure of furnace body is enclosed to build by adiabatic brickwork (1) and is enclosed and enclose and inside U die cavity that forms, and the furnace body adopts sled dress type structure, wraps up insulating layer (2) around the furnace body, and the top surface of furnace body is provided with backplate (3), and its bottom surface is fixed on steelframe (4), and flue outlet (5) have been seted up to the higher authority of furnace body, and solid-state medical waste dog-house (6), secondary combustion room inspection hole (7), ash hole (8) are drawn in the ash storehouse, ash hole (10) are drawn in liquid or thick state medical waste dog-house (9) and reburning room respectively to two sides of furnace body. The incinerator adopts a three-stage combustion mode according to the characteristics of medical waste, so that three combustion chambers are arranged in the U-shaped cavity, the primary combustion chamber (11) and the secondary combustion chamber (12) are positioned at one side of the U-shaped cavity, the primary combustion chamber (11) is communicated with the solid medical waste feeding port (6), the secondary combustion chamber (12) is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber inspection hole (7), the other side of the U-shaped cavity is provided with a reburning chamber (13), the top end of the reburning chamber (13) is communicated with the flue outlet (5), the middle part of the reburning chamber (13) is communicated with a liquid or thick medical garbage feeding port (9), the lower part of the reburning chamber (13) is communicated with a reburning chamber ash drawing hole (10), the primary combustion chamber (11) and the secondary combustion chamber (12) mainly burn solid medical wastes, and the reburning chamber (13) burns liquid or thick medical garbage; an air cooling grate (14) is arranged between the primary combustion chamber (11) and the secondary combustion chamber (12), the air cooling grate (14) is used for cooling and protecting the grate by self-absorption natural cold air through system negative pressure, and meanwhile, the sucked cold air enters an upper combustion bin of the re-combustion chamber as air required by combustion assistance, which is equivalent to the input of secondary air, and is beneficial to further completely burning the unburned or escaped organic components in smoke; the secondary combustion chamber (12) is positioned right below the primary combustion chamber (11), so that carbon particles easily generated by solid medical waste incineration enter the reburning chamber (13) for reburning, the thorough incineration of organic matters and ash residues is ensured, the ash bin (15) is arranged right below the secondary combustion chamber (12), the fixed grate (16) is arranged between the secondary combustion chamber (12) and the ash bin (15), a heat storage tracery wall (17) is fixed at the joint of the secondary combustion chamber (12) and the reburning chamber (13), the heat storage tracery wall (17) has the functions of heat storage and disturbance of a flue gas dynamic field, the unburned organic matters in the flue gas are ensured to be fully burnt, and meanwhile, dust carbon ions and dust carried in the flue gas are separated by inertia and are burnt again in the secondary combustion chamber (12) and the reburning chamber (13); the primary combustion chamber (11) is provided with a primary combustor (18), the reburning chamber (13) is provided with a secondary combustor (19), and the primary combustor (18) and the secondary combustor (19) are communicated with external auxiliary fuel to provide sufficient fuel for combustion.

Further, the reburning chamber (13) is divided into an upper burning bin (20) and a lower burning bin (21), the space volume of the upper burning bin (20) is larger than that of the lower burning bin (21), a liquid or thick medical garbage burning box (22) is arranged on a connecting table board between the upper burning bin (20) and the lower burning bin (21), and the liquid or thick medical garbage burning box (22) is communicated with a liquid or thick medical garbage feeding port (9).

The heat storage tracery wall (17) is preferably made of high-alumina refractory materials, a plurality of high-temperature flue gas runners (23) are formed in the wall body of the heat storage tracery wall (17), and Venturi tubes are installed in the high-temperature flue gas runners (23).

Furthermore, the air-cooled grate (14) and the horizontal plane form an included angle of 20-40 degrees, are obliquely inserted into the furnace body and are positioned and fixed through screws.

According to the characteristics of medical wastes, the medical wastes are generally directly sent into a hearth of an incinerator in a packaging mode to be combusted and burned out, but some liquid and thick medical wastes cannot be packaged or are packaged and incinerated to bring more harm to the incinerator, so that the solid medical wastes and the liquid or thick medical wastes are separately fed and incinerated, and the medical wastes are completely and thoroughly incinerated. Three combustion chambers are arranged in a U-shaped cavity, packaged medical wastes are thrown onto an air-cooled grate (14) from a solid medical waste feeding port (6), a medical waste bag is arranged on the air-cooled grate (14) and is combusted through a primary combustor (18) arranged in a primary combustion chamber (11), after the medical waste bag is combusted and damaged, the medical wastes in the medical waste bag are ignited and combusted through the primary combustor (18) on the air-cooled grate (14) by virtue of auxiliary fuel (fuel oil or natural gas), small-particle-grade medical wastes which cannot be combusted fall into a secondary combustion chamber (12) from the air-cooled grate, high-temperature smoke generated by combustion also enters the secondary combustion chamber (12) through the air-cooled grate (14), the air-cooled grate (14) cools and protects the grate by virtue of system negative pressure self-absorption natural cold air, and the sucked cold air as air required for combustion assistance enters an upper combustion chamber (21) of a re-combustion chamber (13), the method is equivalent to the input of secondary air, and is beneficial to further completely burning out unburned or escaped organic components in the flue gas. Unburned carbon particles in high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration in the primary combustion chamber (11) enter the secondary combustion chamber (12) along with the flue gas and are fully combusted in the secondary combustion chamber (12) as far as possible, slag and unburned small-particle-level medical wastes falling into the secondary combustion chamber (12) on the air-cooled grate (14) are fully combusted in the secondary combustion chamber (12) as far as possible, the slag falls into a slag bin (15) arranged right below the secondary combustion chamber (12), and the slag is manually cleaned and discharged out of the furnace at regular time. Because the fixed grate (16) is arranged between the secondary combustion chamber (12) and the ash bin (15), unburned ash and slag are continuously burnt on the fixed grate (16). The incineration temperature in the primary combustion chamber (11) and the secondary combustion chamber (12) is kept above 750 ℃ so as to ensure that the medical waste is burnt out as far as possible. The heat accumulation tracery wall (17) is provided with a plurality of high-temperature flue gas runners (23), so that high-temperature flue gas generated after the secondary combustion chamber (12) burns enters the reburning chamber (13) through the heat accumulation tracery wall (17). The purpose of arranging the heat storage tracery wall (17) for the circulation of the flue gas is that the furnace wall made of high-alumina refractory material has the heat storage function, absorbs the high-temperature heat generated by the combustion of waste, and is used for compressing, heating and burning out the unburnt gas, free carbon and the like in the flue gas; secondly, the heat accumulation tracery wall (17) is provided with a high-temperature flue gas flow passage (23), so that the high-temperature flue gas has the compression effect on the gas when passing through the high-temperature flue gas flow passage (23), the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas can be increased under the compression effect on the gas, the unburned gas, the free carbon and the like can be better burnt out, thirdly, the smoke prevention and dust control effect is realized, a Venturi tube in the high-temperature flue gas flow passage (23) forms a Venturi principle, free carbon particles and dust in the flue gas can be trapped under the contraction and diffusion effects of the Venturi tube, the trapped carbon particles and dust and the like can be burnt out at high temperature in the recombustion chamber (13) through the secondary combustor (19), meanwhile, the heat accumulation tracery wall (17) also has the inertia separation effect, the free carbon particles or other dust in the flue gas passing through the heat accumulation tracery wall (17) can be separated, and the separated carbon particles can be continuously burnt out in the secondary combustion chamber (12) and the recombustion chamber (13), the separated flue gas is subjected to afterburning in a reburning chamber (13) by a secondary combustor (19) to be heated to above 850 ℃ so as to further ensure that organic matters in the flue gas are burnt out and dioxin-like substances are completely burnt. The reburning chamber (13) is divided into an upper burning chamber (20) and a lower burning chamber (21), the space volume of the upper burning chamber (20) is larger than that of the lower burning chamber (21), a liquid or thick medical garbage burning box (22) is arranged on the connecting table board of the upper burning chamber (20) and the lower burning chamber (21), the liquid or thick medical garbage enters the liquid or thick medical garbage burning box (22) in the reburning chamber (13) through manual feeding through a manual feeding port arranged on the rear wall of the reburning chamber (13), and the liquid or thick medical garbage is burnt to above 850 ℃ through high temperature of the reburning chamber (13), so that the liquid or thick medical garbage is completely burnt and completely. The volume of the reburning chamber (13) is large, so that the liquid or thick medical garbage in the liquid or thick medical garbage incineration box (22) can be dried, organic matters can be separated out and cracked, and the organic matters in the smoke can be completely burnt out. The flue gas is subjected to tertiary incineration in a reburning chamber (13) through a secondary combustor (19) to reach the temperature of above 850 ℃, the retention time is not less than 1s, organic components in the flue gas are fully combusted, and the requirements of relevant national environmental protection standards are met. The smoke after three times of incineration and burnout can completely ensure the thorough cracking, incineration and burnout of organic matters.

Claims (6)

1. A skid-mounted medical waste incinerator comprises a furnace body and is characterized in that the furnace body is surrounded by a heat insulation furnace wall (1) and a U-shaped cavity is formed inside the furnace body, a heat insulation layer (2) wraps the periphery of the furnace body, a protection plate (3) is arranged on the top surface of the furnace body, and the bottom surface of the furnace body is fixed on a steel frame (4), so that the furnace body forms a skid-mounted structure, and a flue outlet (5), a solid medical waste feeding port (6), a secondary combustion chamber inspection hole (7), an ash bin ash drawing hole (8), a liquid or thick medical waste feeding port (9) and a reburning chamber ash drawing hole (10) are respectively formed in the furnace body; three combustion chambers are arranged in the U-shaped cavity, a primary combustion chamber (11) and a secondary combustion chamber (12) are positioned on one side of the U-shaped cavity, the primary combustion chamber (11) is communicated with a solid medical waste feeding port (6), the secondary combustion chamber (12) is communicated with a secondary combustion chamber inspection hole (7), the other side of the U-shaped cavity is provided with a reburning chamber (13), the top end of the reburning chamber (13) is communicated with a flue outlet (5), the middle part of the reburning chamber (13) is communicated with a liquid or thick medical waste feeding port (9), the lower part of the reburning chamber (13) is communicated with a reburning chamber ash drawing hole (10), an air cooling grate (14) is arranged between the primary combustion chamber (11) and the secondary combustion chamber (12), the secondary combustion chamber (12) is positioned under the primary combustion chamber (11), and an ash bin (15) is arranged under the secondary combustion chamber (12), a fixed grate (16) is arranged between the secondary combustion chamber (12) and the ash bin (15), and a heat storage tracery wall (17) is fixed at the joint of the secondary combustion chamber (12) and the reburning chamber (13); the primary combustion chamber (11) is provided with a primary combustor (18), the reburning chamber (13) is provided with a secondary combustor (19), and the primary combustor (18) and the secondary combustor (19) are communicated with external auxiliary fuel.

2. The skid-mounted medical garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the reburning chamber (13) is divided into an upper burning bin (20) and a lower burning bin (21), the space volume of the upper burning bin (20) is larger than the space volume of the lower burning bin (21), a liquid or thick medical garbage incinerator box (22) is arranged on the connecting table surface between the upper burning bin (20) and the lower burning bin (21), and the liquid or thick medical garbage incinerator box (22) is communicated with the liquid or thick medical garbage feeding port (9).

3. The skid-mounted medical waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage tracery wall (17) is made of high-alumina refractory material, a plurality of high-temperature flue gas channels (23) are formed in the wall body of the heat storage tracery wall (17), and a venturi tube is installed in each high-temperature flue gas channel (23).

4. The skid-mounted medical garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the air-cooled grate (14) is obliquely inserted into the incinerator body at an included angle of 20-40 degrees with the horizontal plane and is positioned and fixed through screws.

5. A skid-mounted medical garbage incinerator according to claim 1 wherein the incineration temperature in said primary combustion chamber (11) and said secondary combustion chamber (12) is not lower than 750 ℃.

6. A skid-mounted medical garbage incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said reburning chamber (13) has an incineration temperature of 850 ℃ or higher.

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