CN211531069U - Folding type cascode frequency mixer - Google Patents
Folding type cascode frequency mixer Download PDFInfo
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- CN211531069U CN211531069U CN202020146005.6U CN202020146005U CN211531069U CN 211531069 U CN211531069 U CN 211531069U CN 202020146005 U CN202020146005 U CN 202020146005U CN 211531069 U CN211531069 U CN 211531069U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a foldable cascode mixer, the mixer includes: a transconductance amplifier, a differential common-gate amplifier, a gilbert mixer; the transconductance amplifier is connected with the differential common-grid amplifier, the differential common-grid amplifier is connected with the Gilbert mixer, and the transconductance amplifier is connected with the Gilbert mixer; the transconductance amplifier is used for converting voltage into current, the differential common-gate amplifier is used for absorbing alternating current output current of the transconductance amplifier, and the Gilbert mixer is used for mixing frequency; the transconductance amplifier receives a TXI signal, and the Gilbert mixer receives an LO signal and mixes the TXI signal with the LO signal to output. Adopt the utility model discloses, can reduce LO and feed through, improve linear performance.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a mixer field especially relates to a foldable cascade mixer.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the communication industry, the performance requirements of wireless transceivers are also increasing. Since the mixer is a nonlinear system, gain compression occurs after the signal passes through the mixer, the rf signal may be blocked, unnecessary frequency components may be generated, and distortion may occur due to interference with the useful signal, so that linearity is a very important indicator. However, since the dc bias of the mixer is affected by the variation of the power supply voltage, the variation of the process and the variation of the temperature, the instability of the bias circuit affects the linearity of the mixer.
The conventional gilbert mixer has insufficient linearity of the conventional source/emitter negative feedback and LO feed-through phenomenon usually occurs. Therefore, a mixer with reduced LO feedthrough and improved linearity is needed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a folded cascode mixer, which can reduce LO feed-through and improve linearity performance.
Based on this, the utility model provides a foldable cascode mixer, the mixer includes:
a transconductance amplifier, a differential common-gate amplifier, a gilbert mixer;
the transconductance amplifier is connected with the differential common-grid amplifier, the differential common-grid amplifier is connected with the Gilbert mixer, and the transconductance amplifier is connected with the Gilbert mixer; the transconductance amplifier is used for converting voltage into current, the differential common-gate amplifier is used for absorbing alternating current output current of the transconductance amplifier, and the Gilbert mixer is used for mixing frequency;
the transconductance amplifier receives a TXI signal, and the Gilbert mixer receives an LO signal and mixes the TXI signal with the LO signal to output.
Wherein the transconductance amplifier comprises:
the MOS transistor comprises a first MOS transistor, a second MOS transistor, a third MOS transistor, a fourth MOS transistor, a fifth MOS transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a first capacitor and a second capacitor;
the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with a power supply end, the grid electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with a first power supply end, the drain electrode of the first MOS tube is respectively connected with the source electrodes of the second MOS tube and the third MOS tube, the drain electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube, the drain electrode of the third MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube, the grid electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the fourth MOS tube, the grid electrode of the third MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the fifth MOS tube, the first resistor is connected between the drain electrode and the grid electrode of the second MOS tube, the second resistor is connected between the drain electrode and the grid electrode of the third MOS tube, one end of the first capacitor is connected with an external TXI + end, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the grid electrode of the second MOS tube, one end of the second capacitor is connected with an external TXI-end, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the grid electrode of the third MOS tube, and the source electrodes of the fourth MOS tube and the fifth MOS tube are both grounded.
Wherein the Gilbert mixer comprises:
the inductor, the variable capacitor, the sixth MOS tube, the seventh MOS tube, the eighth MOS tube and the ninth MOS tube;
after the inductor is connected with the variable capacitor in parallel, one end of the inductor is connected with the drain electrode of the sixth MOS transistor, and the other end of the inductor is connected with the drain electrode of the ninth MOS transistor;
the grid electrode of the sixth MOS tube is connected with an external LO + end, the source electrode of the sixth MOS tube and the source electrode of the seventh MOS tube are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the tenth MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, the grid electrode of the ninth MOS tube is connected with an external LO + end, the source electrode of the ninth MOS tube and the source electrode of the eighth MOS tube are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the eleventh MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, the grid electrode of the seventh MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the eighth MOS tube, the drain electrode of the seventh MOS tube is connected with the TXO + end after being connected with the grid electrode of the ninth MOS tube, and the drain electrode of the eighth MOS tube is connected with the TXO-end after being connected with the grid electrode of the sixth MOS tube.
Wherein the differential common-gate amplifier includes:
a tenth MOS tube, an eleventh MOS tube, a twelfth MOS tube and a thirteenth MOS tube;
the tenth MOS tube is connected with a second power supply end after being connected with the grid electrode of the eleventh MOS tube, the twelfth MOS tube is connected with a third power supply end after being connected with the grid electrode of the thirteenth MOS tube, the source electrode of the tenth MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the twelfth MOS tube, the source electrode of the eleventh MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the thirteenth MOS tube, and the source electrodes of the twelfth MOS tube and the thirteenth MOS tube are both grounded.
Wherein the transconductance amplifier is connected with the differential common-gate amplifier and comprises:
the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube of the transconductance amplifier is connected with the source electrode of the tenth MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, and the drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube of the transconductance amplifier is connected with the source electrode of the eleventh MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier.
Wherein the differential common-gate amplifier being coupled to the gilbert mixer comprises:
and the source electrode of the sixth MOS tube and the source electrode of the seventh MOS tube in the Gilbert mixer are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the tenth MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, and the source electrode of the ninth MOS tube and the source electrode of the eighth MOS tube in the Gilbert mixer are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the eleventh MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier.
Wherein the connecting the transconductance amplifier to the gilbert mixer comprises:
and the source electrode of the first MOS tube of the transconductance amplifier is connected with the inductor of the Gilbert mixer and then grounded.
Adopt the utility model discloses, compare with traditional mixer, under the same condition of consumption, stray reduction reduces LO and feeds through, improves linear performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a folded cascode mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a folded cascode mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a folded cascode mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention, the mixer includes:
the transconductance amplifier 101 is connected to the differential common-gate amplifier 103, the differential common-gate amplifier 103 is connected to the gilbert mixer 102, and the transconductance amplifier 101 is connected to the gilbert mixer 102; wherein, the transconductance amplifier 101 is used for converting voltage into current, the differential common-gate amplifier 103 is used for absorbing alternating current output current of the transconductance amplifier 101, and the gilbert mixer 102 is used for mixing;
the transconductance amplifier 101 receives a TXI signal, and the gilbert mixer 102 receives an LO signal, mixes the TXI signal with the LO signal, and outputs the mixed signal.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a folded cascode mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the transconductance amplifier includes:
the MOS transistor comprises a first MOS transistor, a second MOS transistor, a third MOS transistor, a fourth MOS transistor, a fifth MOS transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a first capacitor and a second capacitor;
the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with a power supply end, the grid electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with a first power supply end, the drain electrode of the first MOS tube is respectively connected with the source electrodes of the second MOS tube and the third MOS tube, the drain electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube, the drain electrode of the third MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube, the grid electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the fourth MOS tube, the grid electrode of the third MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the fifth MOS tube, the first resistor is connected between the drain electrode and the grid electrode of the second MOS tube, the second resistor is connected between the drain electrode and the grid electrode of the third MOS tube, one end of the first capacitor is connected with an external TXI + end, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the grid electrode of the second MOS tube, one end of the second capacitor is connected with an external TXI-end, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the grid electrode of the third MOS tube, and the source electrodes of the fourth MOS tube and the fifth MOS tube are both grounded.
Wherein the Gilbert mixer comprises:
the inductor, the variable capacitor, the sixth MOS tube, the seventh MOS tube, the eighth MOS tube and the ninth MOS tube;
after the inductor is connected with the variable capacitor in parallel, one end of the inductor is connected with the drain electrode of the sixth MOS transistor, and the other end of the inductor is connected with the drain electrode of the ninth MOS transistor;
the grid electrode of the sixth MOS tube is connected with an external LO + end, the source electrode of the sixth MOS tube and the source electrode of the seventh MOS tube are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the tenth MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, the grid electrode of the ninth MOS tube is connected with an external LO + end, the source electrode of the ninth MOS tube and the source electrode of the eighth MOS tube are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the eleventh MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, the grid electrode of the seventh MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the eighth MOS tube, the drain electrode of the seventh MOS tube is connected with the TXO + end after being connected with the grid electrode of the ninth MOS tube, and the drain electrode of the eighth MOS tube is connected with the TXO-end after being connected with the grid electrode of the sixth MOS tube.
Wherein the differential common-gate amplifier includes:
a tenth MOS tube, an eleventh MOS tube, a twelfth MOS tube and a thirteenth MOS tube;
the tenth MOS tube is connected with a second power supply end after being connected with the grid electrode of the eleventh MOS tube, the twelfth MOS tube is connected with a third power supply end after being connected with the grid electrode of the thirteenth MOS tube, the source electrode of the tenth MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the twelfth MOS tube, the source electrode of the eleventh MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the thirteenth MOS tube, and the source electrodes of the twelfth MOS tube and the thirteenth MOS tube are both grounded.
Wherein the transconductance amplifier is connected with the differential common-gate amplifier and comprises:
the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube of the transconductance amplifier is connected with the source electrode of the tenth MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, and the drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube of the transconductance amplifier is connected with the source electrode of the eleventh MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier.
Wherein the differential common-gate amplifier being coupled to the gilbert mixer comprises:
and the source electrode of the sixth MOS tube and the source electrode of the seventh MOS tube in the Gilbert mixer are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the tenth MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, and the source electrode of the ninth MOS tube and the source electrode of the eighth MOS tube in the Gilbert mixer are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the eleventh MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier.
Wherein the connecting the transconductance amplifier to the gilbert mixer comprises:
and the source electrode of the first MOS tube of the transconductance amplifier is connected with the inductor of the Gilbert mixer and then grounded.
The transistors M2, M3, M4 and M5 together with the tail current source transistors of the feedback resistors R1 and R2 and M1 form a transconductance amplifier for the V to I conversion. The current multiplexing push-pull structure is adopted to improve the linearity and reduce the power consumption. In addition, since the dc offset of the transconductance amplifier is blocked by the ac coupling capacitors C3 and C4, the sizes of M2, M3, M4, and M5 can be optimized to improve linearity regardless of the dc offset voltages thereof. The current source transistors of transistors M10 and M11 and M12 and M13 together form a differential common-gate amplifier to sink the ac output current of the transconductance amplifier. It is noted that the dc offset of the common gate amplifier also produces LO feed-through to the output of the mixer. Since M12 and M13 only handle dc current, a large and high overdrive voltage can be selected for the current source transistors of M12 and M13 to reduce the dc offset between the two branches. M10 and M11 contribute little to the dc offset as cascode devices of M12 and M13. In addition, the low input impedance provided by M10 and M11 helps to reduce the output voltage swing of the transconductance amplifier, further improving its linearity. In addition, M10 and M11 also increase isolation from TXI to LO and TXI to TXO ports.
The effectiveness of the folded cascode mixer proposed by the present invention in reducing LO feed-through was verified by comparison with a conventional gilbert cell mixer. We make the following assumptions: 1) both mixers consume the same current IB; 2) the output swing amplitudes of the two mixers have the same voltage margin; 3) taking into account only the mismatch of the threshold voltages of the transistors, i.e. Vos≈ΔVth(ii) a 4) Δ Vth is inversely proportional to the square root of the transistor area.
In the folded cascode mixer studied, M1 accounted for half of IB, while M12 and M13 accounted for one quarter of IB, respectively. Thus, the current through the transconductance transistor is only half that of the gilbert cell mixer. However, since our transconductance amplifier reuses the current in both PMOS and NMOS transistors, the total transconductance is the same as in the gilbert cell mixer, assuming that all transistors have the same overdrive voltage. For both mixers, the same amplitude TXI input, the ac signal current to the LO switch tetrode should be nearly the same. The added input capacitance by using the push-pull transconductor can be absorbed into the input matching network and therefore the mixer is used for narrow band applications.
Now, the DC offset current flowing into the LO switch tetrode is compared. The dc offset current of the folded cascode mixer can be expressed as: gmM11×Vos_M11Wherein gmM12Is the transconductance, V, of transistor M12OS_M12Is the offset voltage between transistors M12 and M13. The dc offset current expression of a gilbert cell mixer is similar to: gmM2×Vos_M2Wherein gmM3Is the transconductance, V, of transistor M2OS_M2Is between M2 and M3An offset voltage. The current in M12 of the folded cascode mixer is half the current of M2 in the gilbert cell mixer. By choosing the same width for M12 and M2, while making M12 twice as long as M2, we can keep the overdrive voltages of M12 and M2 the same. Thus, the output voltage fluctuations of the two mixers will have similar headroom. Their offset voltage and transconductance can be expressed as:
therefore, we calculate the dc offset current ratio between the two mixers as:
because their ac signal currents are the same, the folded cascode mixers we designed can reduce LO feedthrough compared to gilbert cell mixers.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the folded cascode mixer may be designed using a 0.11 μm cmos process. The die size was 0.146 square millimeters. The mixer draws a total current of 2.6mA from a 1.2V power supply, wherein the transconductance amplifier is 1.2mA, and the common gate amplifier and the LO switch are 1.4mA in four ways. In the simulation, the differential amplitude of the TXI input was set at 400mVP-P, which is 2453 MHz. The 3345MHz LO is ac coupled to four LO switches with a dc bias of 1.1V. The differential amplitude of the LO is 800mVP-P to keep the switching tetrode in the saturation region. The mixer has an ideal voltage buffer driving a 50 Ω port. The output power of the mixer was 4.77dBm at 5.798GHz, and the maximum mixing spur was an 892MHz sideband image, i.e., -36.14 dBm. The second spur frequency is 782MHz with-42.55 dBm, which is the fundamental input from the TXI mixed with the third harmonic LO in the lower sideband. The third largest spur frequency is 4014MHz at-42.63 dBm, which is the third harmonic of the input TXI mixed with the LO fundamental of the lower sideband. All spurious signals are-40 dBc lower than the desired signal.
The folded cascode mixer for a 2.4GHz to 5.8GHz transmitter reduces spurs by 9.2db compared to a conventional gilbert cell mixer with the same power consumption. The mixer is designed with a 0.11 μm CMOS and has a current of 2.6mA at a supply voltage of 1.2V. Its output 1dB compression point is 3.84dBm, and all the launch spurs are well below-40 dBc.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and replacements can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and replacements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A folded cascode mixer, comprising:
a transconductance amplifier, a differential common-gate amplifier, a gilbert mixer;
the transconductance amplifier is connected with the differential common-grid amplifier, the differential common-grid amplifier is connected with the Gilbert mixer, and the transconductance amplifier is connected with the Gilbert mixer; the transconductance amplifier is used for converting voltage into current, the differential common-gate amplifier is used for absorbing alternating current output current of the transconductance amplifier, and the Gilbert mixer is used for mixing frequency;
the transconductance amplifier receives a TXI signal, and the Gilbert mixer receives an LO signal and mixes the TXI signal with the LO signal to output.
2. The folded cascode mixer of claim 1, wherein said transconductance amplifier comprises:
the MOS transistor comprises a first MOS transistor, a second MOS transistor, a third MOS transistor, a fourth MOS transistor, a fifth MOS transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a first capacitor and a second capacitor;
the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with a power supply end, the grid electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with a first power supply end, the drain electrode of the first MOS tube is respectively connected with the source electrodes of the second MOS tube and the third MOS tube, the drain electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube, the drain electrode of the third MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube, the grid electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the fourth MOS tube, the grid electrode of the third MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the fifth MOS tube, the first resistor is connected between the drain electrode and the grid electrode of the second MOS tube, the second resistor is connected between the drain electrode and the grid electrode of the third MOS tube, one end of the first capacitor is connected with an external TXI + end, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the grid electrode of the second MOS tube, one end of the second capacitor is connected with an external TXI-end, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the grid electrode of the third MOS tube, and the source electrodes of the fourth MOS tube and the fifth MOS tube are both grounded.
3. The folded cascode mixer of claim 1, wherein said gilbert mixer comprises:
the inductor, the variable capacitor, the sixth MOS tube, the seventh MOS tube, the eighth MOS tube and the ninth MOS tube;
after the inductor is connected with the variable capacitor in parallel, one end of the inductor is connected with the drain electrode of the sixth MOS transistor, and the other end of the inductor is connected with the drain electrode of the ninth MOS transistor;
the grid electrode of the sixth MOS tube is connected with an external LO + end, the source electrode of the sixth MOS tube and the source electrode of the seventh MOS tube are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the tenth MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, the grid electrode of the ninth MOS tube is connected with an external LO + end, the source electrode of the ninth MOS tube and the source electrode of the eighth MOS tube are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the eleventh MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, the grid electrode of the seventh MOS tube is connected with the grid electrode of the eighth MOS tube, the drain electrode of the seventh MOS tube is connected with the TXO + end after being connected with the grid electrode of the ninth MOS tube, and the drain electrode of the eighth MOS tube is connected with the TXO-end after being connected with the grid electrode of the sixth MOS tube.
4. The folded cascode mixer of claim 1, wherein said differential common-gate amplifier comprises:
a tenth MOS tube, an eleventh MOS tube, a twelfth MOS tube and a thirteenth MOS tube;
the tenth MOS tube is connected with a second power supply end after being connected with the grid electrode of the eleventh MOS tube, the twelfth MOS tube is connected with a third power supply end after being connected with the grid electrode of the thirteenth MOS tube, the source electrode of the tenth MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the twelfth MOS tube, the source electrode of the eleventh MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the thirteenth MOS tube, and the source electrodes of the twelfth MOS tube and the thirteenth MOS tube are both grounded.
5. The folded cascode mixer of claim 1, wherein said transconductance amplifier is coupled to said differential common-gate amplifier and comprises:
the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube of the transconductance amplifier is connected with the source electrode of the tenth MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, and the drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube of the transconductance amplifier is connected with the source electrode of the eleventh MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier.
6. The folded cascode mixer of claim 1, wherein said differential common-gate amplifier being connected to said gilbert mixer comprises:
and the source electrode of the sixth MOS tube and the source electrode of the seventh MOS tube in the Gilbert mixer are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the tenth MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier, and the source electrode of the ninth MOS tube and the source electrode of the eighth MOS tube in the Gilbert mixer are respectively connected with the drain electrode of the eleventh MOS tube of the differential common-gate amplifier.
7. The folded cascode mixer of claim 1, wherein said transconductance amplifier is coupled to said gilbert mixer and comprises:
and the source electrode of the first MOS tube of the transconductance amplifier is connected with the inductor of the Gilbert mixer and then grounded.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020146005.6U CN211531069U (en) | 2020-01-22 | 2020-01-22 | Folding type cascode frequency mixer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020146005.6U CN211531069U (en) | 2020-01-22 | 2020-01-22 | Folding type cascode frequency mixer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN211531069U true CN211531069U (en) | 2020-09-18 |
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| CN202020146005.6U Expired - Fee Related CN211531069U (en) | 2020-01-22 | 2020-01-22 | Folding type cascode frequency mixer |
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Granted publication date: 20200918 Termination date: 20210122 |